KEY
THE SYSTEM OF YICTOEIAN PLANTS.
I.
DICHOTOMOUS ARRANGEMENT OF THE ORDERS,
GENERA AND SPECIES OF THE NATIVE PLANTS,
WITH
ANNOTATIONS OF PRIMARY DISTINCTIONS
BARON FEED. YON MUELLER,
K.C.M.G., M. & PH.D., F.RS.
"EXULTABIT SOLITUDO ET FLOREBIT."— Isaid, XXXV. i.
BY AUTHORITY : BOBT. S. BRAIN, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, MELBOURNE.
1887-1888.
Jltbtcattb
TO
THE HONORABLE ALFRED DEAKIN, M.L.A.,
CHIEF SECRETARY OF THE COLONY VICTORIA,
THROUGH WHOSE SCHOLARLY INTEREST
ALL
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS IN THIS HIS NATIVE LAND
IS STRENUOUSLY PROMOTED,
AND
UNDER WHOSE GENEROUS MINISTERIAL AUSPICES
This Volume has been Elaborated*
PREFACE.
THIS work owes its origin to a desire, expressed by the Field-
Naturalists' Club of Victoria, at the instance of the Honorable
.Dr. Dobson, that its members should be provided with a literary
guide similar to the meritorious " Handbook of the Plants of
Tasmania," written some years ago by the Rev. W. Spicer, for
facilitating the study of our native flora, particularly during
botanical excursions ; and it was especially urged by the honor-
able and distinguished gentleman, that the dichotomous method
of Lamarck, which was followed by our late lamented friend for
:his book, should also be adopted for the Victorian work. The
flora of our colony being doubly as rich in species as that of
Tasmania rendered the task, even under ordinary circumstances,
far more laborious ; moreover, it was felt by the writer of these
lines, that an effort should be made, while applying the difficult
method mentioned, not to disrupt in any way the chain of affinity,
which links the orders and the genera and the species of plants
naturally together. Furthermore, the necessity of supporting the
very brief dichotomous notes by diagnostic descriptions was also
at once recognised ; hence the dichotomous " Key " was required
to be extended to an abridged "Descriptive Flora." To render
the contemplated work acceptable as well to the juvenile tyro as
to the advanced student — it being the first special and early com-
pleted work on the indigenous vegetation of this colony — it became
imperative, to express the characteristics of the plants not only
with etymologic precision and logical clearness, but also with the
utmost of plainness and organographic simplification. The work
Indeed was to be rendered alike available for elementary schools
vi Preface.
and for high educational institutions ; it was to serve the amateur-
gatherer of plants in the field as well as the professional investi-
gator in the exercise of stern duties ; and yet such a work was to
be inexpensive, concise and reliable. How far all these aspira-
tions have been realized, the practical use of the work now
completed must demonstrate ; the ardent endeavour of the author
at all events has been, to succeed in the use of a method, which
was chosen not at his free will, and under such restraint to produce
a work, which would render the study of plants in our dominion
more universal, and which could with some credit to the colony
be placed even into the libraries of the world.
The organographic alterations, largely introduced into these
pages for the first time, in contrast to zoologic terms, have been
ventured on only tentatively, but without thereby in any manner
impairing the use of the work ; indeed they arose mainly from a
desire of the author, to simplify the wordings for organs of plants in
a book, written especially for almost a new country and particularly
for the juvenile portion of its population. This subject of desirable
changes in organography by simplifying verbiage and by keeping
apart from each other zoographic and phytographic expressions,
has comprehensively been discussed in a treatise, which was written
for the Sydney-meeting of the Australian Association for the
advancement of Science, and which has been promulgated by the
Royal Society of New South Wales already. The main reasons
for adopting some alterations in the Candollean system, also for
the present publication, have been set forth some years ago in
the " Systematic Census of Australian Plants with chronologic*
literary and geographic annotations." Before any opinion is formed
on these novations, the writings referred to should be studied with
attentive care.
The elaboration of this volume could have been very much
facilitated, had simply a negative expression been chosen, whenever a
difficulty arose in searching for a contrasting phrase in the dualism
of the dichotomy, or had the characteristics of orders and of genera
Preface. vii
been so limited, as to apply merely to Victorian species, or had
repetitions in the dichotomy not been entirely avoided. Then, as
stated already, the difficulty presented itself, to maintain closely
and uninterruptedly a systematic arrangement expressive of
consecutive nearest affinities. Again, only such marks of separa-
tion could be seized on, as at a glance would be apparent even to-
the unarmed eyes, and as would not be liable to considerable
inconstancy ; thus then embryonic characteristics and any others,
either much concealed or very minute, however important they might
be, could not be drawn, unless exceptionally, into use for a work,
which was to serve expeditious field-engagements mainly. Where
in some few cases the author was compelled, to resort to the
description of minute organs for discrimination, simply no other
characteristics existed for separating the complex of some plants
from that of some others ; but even in the instance of seizing on
the only mark of distinction, by which the Salsolaceae and allied
orders can comprehensively be removed from some other ordinal
groups, the mere crushing of a seed will suffice for recognising
instantly, even without microscopic aid of any kind, the starchy
contents of the seeds and the remarkable form of its embryo.
With the same ease might almost the detail-floral structure of our
numerous Acacias be noted as demonstrating differences of
externally similar species; and on this particular subject infor-
mation for home-studies might be sought in the " Iconography of
Australian Acacias " recently issued.
The number of the species, admitted into this work, had they
been treated in a less conservative sense, could have been largely
augmented; but when we see, to cite an example, how in perhaps
a thousand plants of Caladenia Patersoni, the most beautiful and
also the most widely distributed of our terrestrial orchids, hardly
two are quite alike as regards their flowers, while the majority of
the individual plants are so sportive, that the species became
described under several names by various writers, we should pause,
ere we attempt to circumscribe supposed specific forms, and leave
•viii Preface.
the discrimination of them for varieties or otherwise to more
extended studies in the field here and also in other parts of
Australia: The separating of varieties of any species were beyond
the scope of the present pages. Literary quotations and synonymy
are also excluded from this work. In any future impression some
of the characteristics, adopted as specific, could likely with
advantage be transferred to generic notes ; so also some primary
notes in the dichotomy may hereafter become subsidiary or
affirmative and vice versa.
It would be advisable, that whoever may use methodically this
book, should provide a blank volume, correspondingly paged, for
entries on soil, stature, measurements, regional elevation, odor,
color, locality and copiousness or scarcity of any plant, with a
view of subsequently "comparing notes," for instance on flowering
time, phaenologic data, as aiding meterologic observations, having
in late years become quite a science-branch in Phytology by itself.
Be it remembered, however, that identical plants are flowering
nearly three months later in our Alps than in the north-western
lowlands ; some practical application to this particular subject has
been recently given in the seventh edition of the " select plants for
industrial culture and naturalisation." Thus also what may be
frequent in one locality may be rare in another. Which regions
still need closer investigation for their floral treasures, and what
number of additional species may still be expected as gatherable
within our territory, has been noted in a late number of the
" Field-Naturalist." Our knowledge requires also yet to be per-
fected in reference to the permanency of some of the characteristics,
.assigned to species of such genera of much complicated forms, as
Rhagodia, Atriplex, Swainsona, Leptospermum, Pultenaea, Stack-
housia, Opercularia, Epacris, Euphrasia, Prasophyllum, Pterostylis,
Xerotes, Scirpus, Lepyrodia, Stipa, Danthonia, Agrostis, Lepi-
dosperma, because here in a comparatively young colony the
whole cyclus of forms, within which species range, particularly in
climatic regions so extensively varied as ours, is not in all cases yet
Preface. ix
sufficiently ascertained; indeed the degree of variability, which
should be assigned to plants truly specifically different, is not yet
fully determined for all, even in the vegetation at some of the
oldest seats of learning in the world. Several of the species, stand-
ing in need of critical re-elaboration, are restricted to remote
regions of our territory, where these particular plants in their
native haunts could not yet be traced through all their states,
whether normal or aberrant.
Some few generic alterations in the descriptive volume were
made, to fit the respective plants easier into the dichotomic
arrangement, but only in cases where the generic position would
seem optional ; still in some instances the change was demanded
by more recent researches on ampler material, and so it was in a
few cases as regards specific names. Doubtless indeed the
records of the characteristics could be augmented and occasionally
improved from future researches ; but at all events a solid basis is
now gained, on which to enlarge or embellish hereafter the literary
structure now offered. The descriptive details were kept more
curt in the earlier portion of the work, than in the later ; but in
the " Native Plants of Victoria " rather full descriptions are given
for all " hypogynous choripetaleae " before this, to which might be
referred, and that work can now most easily be continued and
completed, as the elaborated main notes and all necessary illustra-
tions are now extant through the present publication. But, as
much more important, may be remarked, that of nearly the whole
of the 1,900 vascular plants, known as indigenous to Victoria, full
descriptions are given long ago in the seven volumes of the Aus-
tralian Flora, which emanated mainly from the genius, the assiduity
and the life-long experience of the late George Bentham, aid being
afforded by vast material and subsidiary notes from here ; really
we would have had no cause for special writings on the Flora of
this colony as a whole, were it not desirable to have our own plants
treated in a concise and inexpensive publication here locally.
For delimitation of genera the celebrated work of Bentham and
Preface.
Hooker was always a safe guide, though the sequence as adopted
by the authors of that great opus was not in all instances adhered
to for the present volume.
The multifarious demand on the author's time did not allow, to
check by autopsy all the diagnostic definitions now offered, as the
close inspection of the whole vast botanic treasures, accumulated
by him in Australia since 1847, demonstrative of manifold degrees
of variability, would have retarded the appearance of this volume
still further, than already has been the case, he being anxious to
carry through the work not only conscientiously but also within a
reasonable extent of time. Minor alterations and perhaps unim-
portant additions, can gradually be effected for supplemental pages
or perhaps new editions. Indeed, some species of plants had to be
laid aside, while the elaboration was progressing, to be dealt with
in time-taking critical examination at an early future.
If methodically followed, the dichotomy should safely lead up
to any of our numerous indigenous plants, the name of which
is to be ascertained. But the tyro may find it in first instance
most convenient, to consult the many xylographic illustrations,
from which he ought to be able to recognise with the utmost
ease many of the species, indigenous in the surrounding vegetation;
he will have further the aid of the vernacular index, though this
was kept purposely brief; he can then also refer to a large number
of indications of very obvious outer marks, some of which will
lead the young disciple at once to various kinds of plants, with
which from striking external characteristics even the least observant
child must be familiar already from mere memory. The grouped
miscellaneous characteristics just referred to were suggested by prin-
ciples, first used in the volume oh " Select Plants for Industrial
Culture and Naturalisation (1872)," with a view of grouping
generically together the utilitarian plants of the globe according to
their various qualities and applications. On the groups of genera,
thus formed, arbitrary arrangements for any key different to this
might be founded, should such be preferred by any worker on our
Preface. xi
native plants to a truly systematic placement ; but then endless
difficulties would have to be encountered in dealing with the large
remainder of the plants, after the characteristics of these miscel-
laneous and unsystematic groups had been exhausted.
It was not deemed advisable, to burden this volume with
descriptive definitions of immigrated plants, as the book exceeds
already the space originally assigned to it ; but the majority of the
plants hitherto naturalized are of wide distribution in Europe, and
therefore descriptions of them are contained in any of the works
on the British flora, and these are readily accessible also here. A
list however of the non-Australian plants, permanently established
on Victorian soil already, is given towards the end of this volume ;
but with an admission only of those of their popular names, which
are neither ambiguous nor unmeaning. A vocabulary of botanic
expressions was also considered unnecessary for these pages,
because what little of wording was adopted from the ancien
languages for our present plain literary purpose became explained
simultaneously with the expositions of the analytic details of the
numerous woodcut-illustrations. Definite measurements of plants
or their organs have not been regarded as needful for descriptions
necessary to be brief; dimensions always range within wide or
uncertain limits, comparative data being quite sufficient for what
concerns us here at present. All the measurements of the
xylographic main-delineations are purposely kept to natural size,
diminuation of figures of plants being always objectionable as not
conveying a fair idea of their subject. Whenever any plants are
indicated as alpine, as maritime or as otherwise restricted, it is
to be understood, that they are thus far exclusively localized ; yet
it is to be remembered, that about one hundred species of our
phanerogamous lowland-plants ascend the Australian Alps, and
that a still larger number of our various inland-plants approach the
shores of our southern ocean.
A few typographical and scriptorial errors eluded timely obser-
vation; but they seem so insignificant, that it was not deemed
xii Preface.
worth while to effect the formal corrections already in the present •
issue of the work ; in a future one some discrepancies, as regards
the wordings used for the first and for the second part of this
edition, can also be reconciled. Abbreviations have been avoided
throughout the text. Their use involves mental extra-exertions, is
confusing particularly to tyros and perhaps even deterring to
them, while all that possibly could be derived from a procedure of
shortening words or by employing symbolic renderings, would be,
to save a few pages printing in any popular small work of the kind
here under consideration.
Although for an official publication like this rights cannot be
reserved, yet it is hoped, in the interest of the Public Department,
from which it emanated, that its originalities will be duly respected.
The permission for extensively transcribing (even under some
modifications) from these pages can only be conceded on terms of
fullest literary acknowledgment. But it may at once here be
mentioned, that when the results of this season's Victorian work in
botanizing shall have been attained, an extra-print of the dichotomic
notes will be furnished, into which the various new acquisitions to
the records of the Victorian flora can then also be embodied.
Indeed, for local publications to find out the names of plants,
occurring at any town or in any district of Victoria, the sole
reconstruction of the dichotomic notes would likely suffice, unless
subsidiary notes, though still more brief, were added also — inas-
much as the present main-work would be readily at hand — so that
the respective " Florules " could be brought out easily and inex-
pensively after fairly extensive botanic searches through any of the
delimited floral areas have been instituted.
It remains for the author gratefully to acknowledge that Mr. G.
Luehmann, Senior Assistant in the Phytologic Department of
Melbourne, has aided extensively in setting out the dichotomic
phrases, after their elaboration and graduation had been com-
pleted, and that he as well as Mr. Ch. French, junior, an office-
assistant, gave much help in carrying out the clerical portion of
Preface. xiii
the engagements for producing this volume. In concluding these
prefatory remarks the writer may still point out, that plants are
more readily accessible, more easily prepared and more com-
modiously kept, than any other naturalist's collections. Any such
gatherings, however small at the commencement, may therefore
become permanent; they may add to the objects for mental
training and joyous engagements far beyond ^what by the youthful
observer could be surmised playfully at the outset; they may
exercise indeed an influence on a whole life, and they suredly
should always lead up to contemplations of the godly power, from
which the endless and marvellous forms of nature derive their
origin,' their design and their maintenance.
Melbourne, October, 1888.
KEY TO THE SYSTEM OF VICTOEIAN
PLANTS.
MAIN DIVISIONS OF PLANTS.
Plants provided with floral organs.
Leaves mostly developed ; plants bearing stamens, pistils
and, in advancing age, embryonate seeds. Figures 1-126.
Dicotyledoueae and Monocotyledoneae. 1
Plants unprovided with floral organs.
Leaflike organs rarely provided, replaced by frondal ex-
pansions ; plants bearing antheridia and archegonia in
earliest age on a minute prothallus, and bearing caselets
(sporangia) with very minute spores (substitutes for
seeds) mostly on fronds. Figures 127-152.
Acotyledoneae vasculares. 105
1. Venules of leaves mostly divergent.
Calyx and corolla often divided into four and still oftener
into five parts or the corolla absent. Figures 1-111.
Dicotyledoueae. 2
Venules of leaves mostly parallel-longitudinal.
Calyx and corolla often divided into three parts, or less
frequently both rudimentary or absent. Figures 112-126.
Monocotyledoneae. 89
2. Stigma present, ovulary closed. Figures 1-110.
Angiospermae. 3
Stigma absent, ovulary open. Figure 111.
Gymnospermae. 88
B
Key to the System of
3. Petals usually disunited, not rarely absent. (Exceptions
for Victoria : some Pittosporeae, all Polygaleae, Correa, Stack -
housia, Statice partly, most Leguminosse. ) Figures 1-63.
Choripetaleae. 4
Petals usually united, very rarely absent. (Exception:
Notelaea). Figures 64-110. Synpetaleae. 57
4. Stamens often inserted at the base of or below the
ovulary ; fruit nearly aways adnate only at its base.
(Exceptions : Eupomatia, Cassytha, Fagus, Boerhaavia,
Scleranthus, some Ficoideae). Figures 1-44.
Choripetaleae hypogynae. 5
Stamens often inserted away from the base of the
ovulary: fruit generally adnate to the sides of the
Calyx. (Exceptions : Leguminosae, many Rosaceae and Saxi-
frageae, all Salicarieae and Viniferae, Exocarpos). Figures
45-63. Choripetaleae perigynae. 46
ORDERS OF PLANTS.
DICOTYLEDOIVEAE.
Choripetaleae hypogynae.
5. Fruit generally formed of separate fruitlets, each of
them with a distinct style and stigma. (AlsoBrachy-
chiton.) Figures 1-6 ... ... ... ... ... 6
Fruit entire, lobed or finally separable into fruitlets;
styles usually united or solitary. Figures 7-44 ... 13
6. Stamens indefinite in number ... ... ... ... 7
Stamens definite in number ... 12
7. Calyx generally deciduous ... ... ... ... 8
Calyx generally persistent ... ... ... ... 9
Victorian Plants.
8. Sepals mostly five or less frequently four.
Seeds without any appendage ; albument (albumen, albu-
mentum) of seed carnulent or horny, unbroken. Figure 1.
Raiimieulaceae. 108
Sepals mostly three ; petals generally ternarily whorled.
Ovules generally more than one ; stipules usually present.
Figure 3. Magiioliaceae. Ill
9. Albument of seed starchy.
Always aquatic plants ; seeds attached to the walls of the
fruit-cavity ; embryo minute, lodged in a separate hollow
of the seed. Nymphaeaceae. 112
Albument of seed almost carnulent ... ... ... 10
10. Albument of seed broken.
Sepals early contiguous at the margins or forming a lid ;
arrangement of sepals and petals often ternary.
Anonaceae. 112
Albument of seed unbroken ... ... ... ... 11
11. Calyx generally consisting of distinct sepals.
Seeds attached to the base or to the inner angle of the fruit-
cavity, generally surrounded by an appendage (arillus).
Figure 2. Dilleniaceae. 114
Calyx generally lobed.
Petals always absent ; fruitlets usually numerous. Figure 4.
Monimieae. 115
12. Calyx consisting of distinct sepals.
Always climbers ; sepals and petals generally in whorls of
three ; fruitlets three or more ; ovule one. Figure 6.
Menispermeae. 116
Calyx lobed.
Petals always absent ; anthers opening by valves ; fruitlet
always solitary, often enclosed ; ovule nearly always one.
Figure 5. Lauraceae. 117
13. Albument of the seed carnulent or horny or none ... 14
Albument of the seed starchy ... ... ... ... 37
14. Stamens and pistils usually in the same flowers. (Ex-
ception: Dodonaea partly) ... .... ... ... 15
Stamens and pistils usually in distinct flowers ... ... 34
Key to the System of
15. Sepals or lobes of the calyx overlapping before expansion 16
Sepals or lobes of the calyx contiguous at the margin
before expansion ... ... ... ... 31
16. Seeds fixed to the walls of the fruit-cavity 17
Seeds, when more than one, fixed away from the walls of
the fruit-cavity ... 21
17. Sepals often two.
Sepals fugacious ; petals generally four, usually almost
equal ; embryo minute, at the base of the albument.
Fapaveraceae. 118
Sepals often four or five ... ... ... ... 18
18. Sepals generally four ... ... ... ... 19
Sepals generally five ... ... 20
19. Stamens usually six, two of them shorter.
Sepals always four ; petals generally four, usually almost
equal ; fruit often deciduously bivalved and longitudinally
two-celled ; albument none. Figure 8. Cruciferae. 119
Stamens usually indefinite in number.
Sepals often four ; petals generally four, usually almost
equal ; fruit one-celled ; albument none. Figure 7.
Capparideae. 131
20. Petals equal.
Herbs beset with glandular-hairlets ; leaves and flower-
stalks coiled before expansion ; sepals, petals and stamens
often five ; petals persistent, extremely tender : fruit de-
hiscent, often one-celled. Figure 11. Droseraceae. 132
Petals usually very unequal.
Sepals, petals and stamens five ; filaments flat, extending
beyond the anthers ; fruit one-celled. Figure 9.
Violaceae. 133
21. Fruit lobeless 22
Fruit often lobed or finally separable into fruitlets ... 25
Victorian Plants.
22. Sepals often very unequal.
Sepals partly petaloid ; petals generally connected with the
staminal tube ; stamens mostly eight, filaments connate ;
anthers one-celled, each opening by a pore. Figure 13.
Polygaleae. 135
Sepals almost or quite equal ... ... ... 23
23. Stamens indefinite in number.
Stipules absent ; leaves generally opposite, often dotted ;
sepals, petals and styles usually five ; petals twisted
before expansion ; filaments often connate ; styles dis-
connected ; fruit bursting along the dissepiments.
Hypericiiiae. 136
Stamens definite in number ... ... ... ... 24
24. Styles more than one, disconnected.
Stipules present ; sepals, petals and styles usually three to
five; petals flat before expansion; filaments always dis-
connected; seeds fixed to the inner angles of the fruit.
Figure 12. Elatineae. 137
Style one.
Sepals, petals and stamens mostly five; petals often coherent;
filaments often disconnected ; ovulary one- to five-celled ;
embryo minute. Figure 10. Pittosporeae. 138
25. Leaves always pellucidly dotted.
Petals four to five, sometimes coherent ; styles united ;
fruitlets coherent, often bivalved, the husk mostly sepa-
rating in two layers. Figures 14 and 15. Rutaceae. 142
Leaves generally without pellucid dots ... ... 26
26. Stamens usually five ... ... ... ... ... 27
Stamens usually eight to ten ... ... ... ... 29
27. Seeds often clasped by a bright-colored arillar ap-
pendage.
Stipules usually absent; leaves always simple; flowers mostly
symmetrical; stamens inserted on a disk; fruit mostly
dehiscent; embryo straight. Figure 28.
Celastrinae. 147
Seeds without any clasping appendage ... ... 28
Key to the System of
28. Petals always disconnected.
Stipules often absent or rudimentary; sepals and petals five,
seldom four; filaments often united at the base and there
gland -bearing ; fruit lobeless, but usually dehiscent along
the dissepiment, with often subdivided partitions.
Lineae. 148
Petals nearly always connected.
Stipules absent or rudimentary ; petals five, often much
cohering; fruit consisting of three to five indehiscent
fruitlets; fruit-axis persistent. Figure 29.
Stackhousieae. 149
29. Stipules often absent.
Leaves simple or oftener pinnate; flowers often unsym-
metrical; stamens mostly inserted between the ovulary
and the disk; fruit mostly dehiscent; embryo generally
curved. Figure 27. Sapindaceae. 150
Stipules often present ... ... ... ... ... 30
30. Stamens usually disconnected.
Petals four to five; styles generally united; fruit consisting
of free or coherent fruitlets, rarely consolidated and hard
inside (a drupe.) Figures 16 and 17. Zygophylleae. 152
Stamens usually connected.
Petals generally five; fruit consolidated or consisting of
three to five free or connected fruitlets ; fruit-axis per-
sistent. Figure 18. Geraniaceae.
31. Anthers one-celled. 154
Petals united at the base with the tube of the stamens;
stamens usually indefinite in number ; anthers bivalved ;
fruit consolidated or consisting of coherent or seceding
fruitlets, whorled around a central columnar axis ; seeds
fixed to the axils of the fruit. Figure 19.
Malvaceae. 157
Anthers two-celled ... ... ... ... ... 32
32. Fruit always two-celled.
Petals four to five; stamens eight to ten, disconnected;
anthers opening each by a terminal pore ; fruit entire ;
seeds pendent. Tremandreae. 162
Fruit generally three- to five-celled or consisting of
distinct fruitlets ... ... ... ... ... 33
Victorian Plants.
33. Petals rarely absent.
Petals four to five; stamens numerous, generally disconnec-
ted ; seeds mostly pendent, fixed to the axils of the fruit.
Figure 22. Tiliaceae. 163
Petals usually absent.
Petals five, when present; stamens disconnected or united;
seeds mostly ascendent, fixed to the axils of the fruit.
Figures 20 and 21. Sterculiaceae. 164
34. Ovulary nearly always with more than one cell ... 35
Ovulary with one cell only ... ... ... 36
35. Fruit only with its base fixed to the calyx.
Fruit-cells frequently opening by bivalvular dehiscence ;
seeds fixed to the inner angles of the fruit ; albument
often large. Figure 23. Euphorbiaceae. 167
Fruit, when provided with a calyx, adnate to it.
Fruit involucrated ; indehiscent ; seed one ; albument none.
Cupuliferae. 178
36. Leaves very conspicuous, mostly scattered.
Fruits indehiscent, dispersed or crowded or connate into a
succulent mass ; seed one, often with scanty or without
albument. Figure 24. TJrticaceae. 179
Leaves rudimentary, whorled.
Fruits seed-like, their enlarged and hardened bracts and
bracteoles connate into an almost strobilaceous mass ;
leaves cylindrically connate ; fruits terminated by a
membranous appendage, the whole fruiting mass resem-
bling small pine-cones (strobiles) ; seeds without albument.
Figure 25. Casuarineae. 182
37. Albument usually inside the curvature of the embryo ... 38
Albument quite outside the embryo ... ... ... 45
38. Fruit consisting of a single or of two or more separate or
connate fruitlets, or the fruit two- or more-celled ... 39
Fruit one-celled 40
Key to the System of
39. Fruit consisting of a single or two or more separate or
coherent fruitlets.
Leaves scattered, lobeless ; calyx divided into sepals or lobes ;
petals generally none ; fruitlets often circularly arranged ;
ovule usually single in each ovulary-cell ; seed fixed to
the base of the cavity ; embryo imperfectly annular.
Figure 43. Phytolacceae. 183
Fruit two- or more-celled.
Calyx divided into sepals or lobes ; stamens mostly indefinite
in number ; seeds fixed to the base of the fruit-cavity or
to the angles of the fruit-cells ; embryo imperfectly annular.
Figures 39, 40, 41. Ficoideae. 184
40. Petals usually present ... ... ... ... ... 41
Petals always absent ... ... ... ... ... 42
41. Sepals or calyx-lobes as many as petals.
Leaves always opposite ; calyx of some genera tubular ;
stamens definite in number ; fruit adnate only at the base ;
seeds two or more, fixed to the base of the fruit-cavity ;
embryo nearly always imperfectly annular. Figures 32
and 33. Caryophylleae. 186
Sepals or calyx-lobes fewer than petals.
Leaves mostly scattered ; stamens often indefinite in num-
ber ; fruit of some genera adnate in its lower portion ;
seeds numerous, fixed to the base of the fruit-cavity ;
embryo imperfectly annular. Figure 31. Portulaceae. 192
42. Fruit often adherent to the tube of the calyx.
Leaves mostly opposite and lobeless ; style one ; stigma
undivided ; fruit indehiscent ; seed one, fixed to the base
of the fruit-cavity ; cotyledons usually broad, folded or
convolute, including the albument. Figure 44.
Nyctagineae. 194
Fruit often adnate only at the base ... ... ... 43
43. Stipules conspicuous, often tubular-connate.
Sepals or lobes of the calyx usually in two rows and often
petaloid, membranous or succulent ; stigmas two or three;
fruit usually enclosed within the calyx, one -seeded,
indehiscent ; seed fixed to the base of the fruit- cavity ;
embryo lateral or axillary. Figure 42. Polygoneae. 195
Stipules none ... ... ... ... ... ... 44
Victorian Plants.
44. Calyx dry, often shining or whitish or bright-colored.
Calyx divided into sepals or lobed ; stamens five or fewer ;
stigmas one to three ; fruit usually enclosed within the
calyx, mostly with one seed, irregularly dehiscent or
circumcised ; seeds fixed to the base of the fruit-cavity.
Figures 34 and 35. Amaraiitaceae. 197
Calyx membranous or somewhat succulent, without any
lustre, usually greenish.
Leaves usually scattered, often succulent ; calyx often
deeply lobed ; stamens five or fewer ; stigmas two or
three ; fruit usually enclosed within the calyx, never
regularly dehiscent ; seed one, fixed to the base of the
fruit-cavity ; embryo annular or coiled. Figures 36, 37, 38.
Salsolaceae. 200
45. Seeds several or many, fixed to the walls of the fruit-
cavity.
Leaves opposite, whorled or fascicled ; calyx always
tubular ; stamens generally few ; petals provided with an
appendage ; embryo straight. Frankeniaceae. 210
Seed one, fixed to the base of the fruit-cavity.
Leaves scattered or at the stem-base crowded; calyx
constantly tubular ; stamens always five, opposite to the
petals ; embryo straight. Figure 30.
Flumbagineae. 211
Choripetaleae perigynae.
46. Fruit usually one-celled, representing a solitary fruitlet 47
Fruit usually with more than one cell or consisting of
coherent or separate fruitlets. (Exceptions : Thrypto-
mene, Actinotus) ... ... ... ... ... 48
47. Petals present.
Stipules often developed ; leaves simple or pinnate or re-
duced to dilated leafstalks ; fruit oblique, usually bivalved
(Pod, Legume), simple though sometimes spuriously trans-
verse-septate, very seldom forming from two to fifteen
distinct fruitlets, always free from the calyx, with a
solitary almost lateral style and simple stigma ; seeds
generally more than one, nearly always without albument.
Figures 45 to 51. Leguminosae. 212
10 Key to the System of
Petals absent.
Stipules none ; leaves always simple and quite entire ; calyx
corollaceous, its lobes overlapping before expansion ;
stamens definite, two or more, inserted on the calyx-tube ;
style one, often almost lateral ; stigma one ; fruit usually
simple, indehiscent, only adnate at the base, but enclosed ;
seed solitary, pendent. Figure 74. Thymeleae. 241
48. Fruit often consisting of separate fruitlets, each with
an almost lateral style ... ... ... 49
Fruit consolidated or consisting of connate or coherent
fruitlets 50
49. Stamens mostly indefinite in number.
Stipules usually present ; leaves either simple or compound,
often indented or denticulated, of thin texture and with-
out pellucid dots ; leafstalks not rarely dilated ; lobes of
the calyx overlapping before expansion ; petals sometimes
absent; styles usually more than one, disconnected; ovules
generally two in each cell ; albument mostly absent.
Figure 52. Rosaceae. 242
Stamens mostly definite in number.
Petals sometimes absent ; stamens usually twice as many as
petals or calyx-lobes ; fruit usually compound, forming
mostly distinct or coherent fruitlets, often only at or
towards the base adnate; seeds generally several or
many; albument mostly present. (IncludingCrassulaceae).
Figures 53 and 54. Saxifrageae. 247
50. Stamens usually indefinite in number.
Woody plants from dwarf to tall ; leaves transparently
dotted, always entire, often of firm texture ; stipules
absent; lobes of the calyx overlapping or open before
expansion or forming a lid ; petals often five, not rarely
absent ; style one ; stigma undivided ; fruit high-adnate
to the calyx ; seeds without albument. Figures 56 to 60.
Myrtaceae. 249
Stamens usually definite in number ... ... ... 51
51. Style nearly always one ... ... ... 52
Style nearly always more than one ... ... ... 55
52. Stamens twice as many as petals or calyx-lobes ... 53
Stamens as many as petals or calyx-lobes ... ... 54
Victorian Plants. 11
53. Fruit adnate to the calyx at the base only.
Stipules absent ; leaves without dots ; lobes of the calyx
contiguous at the margin before expansion ; seeds generally
numerous. Salicarieae. 262
Fruit high-adnate to the calyx.
Usually herbaceous plants ; stipules absent ; leaves without
dots ; lobes of the calyx contiguous at the margin before
expansion ; petals often four ; ovulary often four-celled ;
seeds generally numerous. Oiiagreae. 263
54. Calyx conspicuously lobed.
Woody plants, seldom climbers, very rarely producing
tendrils ; leaves always simple ; lobes of the calyx con-
tiguous at the margin before expansion ; petals minute,
very concave, not rarely absent ; stamens usually five,
inserted on the calyx-tube and alternating with the lobes
or denticles of the calyx ; stigmas usually three ; ovulary
generally three-celled ; fruit adnate to the calyx beyond
the base. Figure 61. Rhamiiaceae. 264
Calyx lobeless.
Mostly climbers, very often producing tendrils ; leaves either
simple or compound ; petals always small, contiguous at
the margin before expansion ; stamens all alternating
with the lobes or denticles of the calyx ; stigma one ; fruit
adnate to the unenlarging calyx towards the base only,
at last placed superiorily. Figure 26. Viniferae. 266
55. Stamens usually twice as many as petals or calyx-lobes.
Herbs, seldom somewhat woody plants, with mostly small
flowers ; stipules absent ; fruit-cells or fruitlets one to four,
with separate styles and stigmas ; seeds always solitary
and pendent, with albument. Figure 55. Halorageee. 267
Stamens usually as many as calyx-lobes ... ... 56
56. Petals contiguous before expansion.
Generally woody plants, of ten with compound leaves; stamens
all opposed to the lobes or denticles of the calyx, inserted
on a terminal (epigynous) disk ; fruit fully adnate to the
calyx, consisting of two or more connate fruitlets; albument
sometimes lobed or broken. Figure 62. Araliaceae. 271
Petals generally overlapping before expansion.
Herbs, often with dissected leaves ; stamens all opposed to
the lobes or denticles of the calyx, inserted on a terminal
disk ; styles and stigmas always two ; fruit fully adnate
to the calyx, consisting of two connate fruitlets, often pro-
vided with longitudinal oilducts. (Exception : Actinotus).
Figure 63. Umbelliferae. 272
12 Key to the System of
57. Stamens often inserted away from the base of the
ovulary; calyx high-adnate to the fruit or rudi-
mentary or absent. (Exception : Velleya). Figures 64 to
95. Synpetaleae perigynae. 58
Stamens often inserted at the base of or below the
ovulary ; calyx beyond its base free from the fruit.
(Exception : Wittsteinia). Figures 96 to 110.
Synpetaleae hypogynae. 68
Synpetaleae perigynae.
58. Nearly always climbers or twiners ... ... 59
Very seldom climbers or twiners ... ••• 60
59. Perfect stamens and pistils in separate flowers.
Plants seldom woody ; tendrils often developed ; leaves
scattered, often lobed ; stipules absent ; corolla-base
confluent with the calyx; stamens often five, but connate
into three; fruit carnulent, generally one-celled, with
placentaries affixed to the walls of the fruit-cavity,
without complete dissepiments; seeds without albumen t.
Figure 77. Cucurbitaceae. 286
Perfect stamens and pistils mostly in the same flowers.
Plants not seldom woody; tendrils often developed; leaves
scattered, generally lobed; flowers provided with a fringy
floral whorl (corona), irrespective of the corolla; stamens
generally three to five; fruit free, without any complete
dissepiments, and with placentaries affixed to the walls
of the fruit-cavity; seeds with albument.
Passifloreae. 287
60. Epiphytal parasites.
Parasites generally on branches of trees, rarely terrestrial,
one species a tall tree; leaves usually opposite; calyx
adnate, its lobes obliterated or seldom well developed;
lobes of the corolla few, contiguous at the margin before
expansion; stamens opposite to the corolla-lobes; style
one; stigma undivided; ovulary one -celled; ovule gene-
rally one, attached to the wall of the ovulary without the
intervention of a distinct placentary, sessile ; fruit without
any dissepiment, never dehiscent ; seed unprotected by
integumental membranes. Figure 66.
Lorantliaceae. 288
Terrestrial plants ... ... ... ... ... 61
Victorian Plants. 13
61. Calyx undeveloped.
Woody, rarely almost herbaceous plants, some species tall
trees ; calyx absent or rudimentary ; petals always four,
connate, sometimes partly seceding from each other, con-
tiguous at the margin before expansion ; stamens always
four, opposite to the corolla-lobes ; style one ; stigma
undivided ; ovulary one-celled with one or more not
rarely numerous ovules ; fruits free from each other
or strobilaceous-connate, often dehiscent and somewhat
oblique, without real dissepiment, and thus representing
solitary fruitlets ; albument always absent ; seeds one or
more, provided with outer membranes, but the embryo
not rarely seceding therefrom. Figures 67 to 73.
Proteaceae. 289
Calyx developed ... ... ... ... 62
62. Corolla continuous with the calyx-tube.
Herbaceous or woody plants, some species trees but
then seldom tall, sometimes parasites on roots ; lobes of
the corolla contiguous at the margin before expansion ;
stamens four or five, opposite to the corolla-lobes ; ovulary
one-celled ; ovules one to five, pendent from a distinct
central placentary ; fruit • never dehiscent, without any
dissepiment ; seed solitary, unprotected by integumental
membranes (testa and endopleura) ; albument always
present. Figures 64 and 65. Saiitalaceae. 298
Corolla discontinuous with the calyx-tube ... ... 63
63. Leaves constantly opposite ... ... ... ... 64
Leaves mostly scattered or partly tufted. (Exceptions :
Siegesbeckia, Eclipta) ... ... ... ... 65
64. Stipules present.
Herbs, shrubs or trees; leaves never compound, rarely
denticulated, never lobed, unless rarely by a basal sinus;
stipules between the bases of the leafstalks often connate;
flowers almost always symmetrical; stamens disconnected,
generally as many as corolla-lobes and alternating with
them; ovulary with two or more cells, rarely with only
one cell; fruit usually with one or more longitudinal
dissepiments. Figure 75. Rubiaceae. 303
Stipules absent.
Herbaceous or oftener woody plants, some arborescent or
climbing; leaves simple or not rarely compound; flowers
symmetrical or unsymmetrical; lobes of the corolla three
14 Key to the System of
to five, overlapping before expansion; stamens disconnec-
ted, generally as many as calyx-lobes and alternating with
them; ovulary with two or more cells, rarely one-celled;
fruit usually with one or more longitudinal dissepiments.
Figure 76. Caprifoliaceae. 308
65. Flowers within an involucre of bracts.
Herbs or shrubs, seldom trees; sap usually limpid, but
sometimes also milky; stipules absent; lobes of the calyx
contiguous at the margin before expansion; limb of the
calyx consisting of hairlets or plumous or scaly or spinu-
lous organs (pappus) or quite absent; anthers generally
connate around the style; ovulary one-celled ; ovule one,
erect; fruit seed-like (achsehium), enclosed in the calyx-
tube; seed without albument. Figures 78 to 90.
Compositae. 309
Flowers unprovided with an involucre of bracts. (Ex-
ception: Brunonia) ... ... ... ... ... 66
66. Lobes of the corolla overlapping before expansion.
Herbs, rarely somewhat woody plants, very seldom climbers;
sap limpid; stipules usually absent; leaves scattered or
tufted or sometimes whorled; fifth lobe of the corolla
often diminutive; stamens two, connate with the style,
the whole mostly irritable into spontaneous movement;
fruit with a longitudinal dissepiment. (Stylideae.)
Figures 92 and 93. Candolleaceae. 364
Lobes of the corolla contiguous at the margin before
expansion ... ... ... ... ... ... 67
67. Stigma unenclosed in any special covering.
Shrubs or oftener herbs; sap usually milky, often acrid;
stipules absent; anthers often connate around the style;
fruit generally two- or more-celled ; seeds numerous,
seldom few. Figure 91. Campaimlaceae. 365
Stigma enclosed in a special mostly ciliolated covering.
Herbs or shrubs ; sap limpid, often bitter ; stipules absent ;
leaves usually scattered or tufted ; corolla-lobes five,
nearly of the same length, but usually unequal in breadth,
often provided with marginal membranes and these at
first folded inwards ; stamens five ; filaments disconnected ;
anthers seldom connate around the style. Figures 94
and 95. Goodeniaceae. 367
Victorian Plants. 15
Synpetaleae hypogynae.
68. Corolla equally lobed ... ... 69
Corolla unequally lobed. (Exceptions: Avicennia, Verbena,
Myoporum) ... ... ... ... ... ... 81
69. Fruit almost or quite lobeless. (Exception: Jasmhmm) ... 70
Fruit conspicuously four-lobed or consisting of four
almost distinct fruitlets ... ... ... ... 79
70. Placentaries usually two, fixed to the walls of the
fruit-cavity.
Herbs, seldom woody plants ; sap very bitter ; leaves
opposite or less often basal, quite entire or with a basal
sinus, or very seldom divided into segments ; stipules
absent ; stamens usually four or five ; fruit often one-
celled, bursting marginally along its suturules and often
near the placentaries. Figure 96. Gentiaueae. 372
Placentaries fixed either to the dissepiment or to the
inner angle of the fruit-cells or to the base of the
fruit-cavity ... ... ... ... ... 71
71. Placentaries two, fixed to the dissepiment ... ... 72
Placentary one, fixed to the base of the fruit-cavity, or
placentaries fixed to the inner angle of the fruit-cells 75
72. Stamens almost constantly two.
Trees or erect or climbing shrubs ; leaves nearly always
opposite, simple or compound ; corolla with four or more
lobes, sometimes partially seceding into petals, very
seldom absent ; fruit two-celled and of some species
bilobed, bursting contrary to the dissepiment or inde-
hiscent ; seeds few or two or one ; embryo straight.
Figure 100. Jasmineae. 375
Stamens usually four or five ... ... ... ... 73
73. Leaves almost constantly opposite.
Herbs or shrubs or small trees ; stipules rudimentary or
absent ; leaves rarely whorled, never lobed and never
compound ; fruit often two-celled, bursting along the
dissepiment or indehiscent ; embryo straight. Figure 97.
Loganiaceae. 376
Leaves usually basal or scattered ... ... ... 74
16 Key to the System of
74. Lobes of the corolla almost constantly four, overlapping
before expansion.
Herbs, rarely somewhat woody plants ; flowers minute,
usually in spikes ; calyx consisting of sepals ; corolla dry,
almost transparent; stigma generally elongated, undi-
vided ; fruit very small, mostly opening by transverse
dehiscence ; embryo usually straight. Figure 98.
Plant agineae. 377
Lobes of the corolla almost constantly five and before
expansion contiguous, their marginal membrane then
folded inward.
Herbs or shrubs, rarely small trees ; leaves scattered or
sometimes two laterally placed together ; flowers often
rather large ; stamens usually five, rarely unequal ; fruit
often two-celled ; seeds usually indefinite in number ;
embryo simply curved or coiled, generally filiform.
Figure 103. Solaiiaceae. 378
75. Placentary one, fixed to the base of the fruit-cavity ... 76
Placentaries two or more, fixed high or low to the
inner angle of the fruit-cells ... ... ... 77
76. Fruit dehiscent, generally many-seeded.
Herbs, seldom somewhat woody plants ; leaves usually
scattered or basal or whorled or crowded, in some species
dotted as well as the inflorescence; stamens opposite to
the lobes of the corolla ; stigma constantly undivided ;
fruit always one-celled. Primulaceae. 381
Fruit indehiscent, generally one-seeded.
Trees or shrubs; leaves nearly always scattered and pervaded
by pellucid dots or streaklets; stamens opposite to the
lobes of the corolla, not rarely in flowers distinct from
those bearing pistils; stigma undivided; fruit constantly
one-celled. Figure 99. Myrsinaceae. 383
77. Anthers one-celled.
Weak or robust shrubs, rarely trees and then not very tall;
leaves stiff, harsh, nearly always scattered ; stamens
usually five, often adriate to the corolla; anthers never
dorsally appendiculated ; stigma undivided ; fruit-cells
usually more than one ; placentaries fixed often high
to the inner angle of the fruit-cell. Figure 1 10.
Epacrideae. 384
Anthers two-celled ... ... ... ... 78
Victorian Plants. 17
78. Stamens usually eight or ten.
Weak or robust shrubs, not often trees and then not very
tall; leaves generally scattered or whorled; stamens often
free from the corolla; anthers frequently dorsally appen-
diculated; fruit-cells more than one; placentaries fixed to
the inner angles of the fruit-cells; seeds usually numerous;
embryo straight. (Exception: Wittsteinia.) Figure 109.
Ericaceae. 389
Stamens almost constantly five.
Usually climbers or twiners or creepers ; leaves mostly
scattered; corolla generally much folded; fruit- cells two
or more; placentaries fixed to the fruit- angles at the base
of the cavity; seeds definite in number, erect; embryo
usually twisted or folded. Convolvulaceae. 390
79. Pollen denned into two or four massules.
Leaves nearly always opposite; anthers connate; pollen-
massules affixed to five distinct processes; stigma un-
divided, dilated; fruit normally consisting of two distinct
elongated and one-celled fruitlets, one fruitlet sometimes
undeveloped; seeds nearly always terminated by a tuft of
soft hairlets. Figure 102. Asclepiadeae. 394
Pollen undefined in form, powdery ... ... ... 80
80. Fruit usually consisting of two distinct fruitlets.
Leaves generally opposite ; anthers connivent ; stigma
annular-dilated; fruit sometimes solitary, seldom two-
celled, or occasionally one of the two fruitlets undeveloped.
Figure 101. Apocyneae. 397
Fruit usually four-lobed from the concrescence of as
many fruitlets as lobes.
Herbs or less often shrubs, rarely tall trees; leaves frequently
scattered, some not rarely basal, often as well as the
branchlets and inflorescence beset with stiff hairlets;
fruitlets generally small and dry ; seeds pendent. Figure
106. Asperifoliae. 398
81. Fruit usually four-lobed.
Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees small or exceptionally of tall-
ness; leaves constantly opposite; lobes of the corolla in
two unequal sets; stamens two or four and then the two
lower the longest; style one; stigmas nearly always two;
seeds erect, solitary in each fruitlet. Figure 107.
Labiatae. 405
18 Key to the System of
Fruit lobeless 82
82. Parasites on roots of other plants; leaves always un-
developed.
Herbaceous plants, seldom branched, never green; lobes of
the corolla in two unequal sets ; stamens four, the two
lower the longest; ovulary one-celled; placentaries two
to four, attached to the walls of the fruit-cavity ; seeds
numerous and minute. Orobancheae. 414
Terrestrial or much less frequently semiaquatic or epi-
phytal plants; leaves always developed ... ... 83
83. Leaves often radical or floating ; minute vesicular
pitchers (ascidia) frequently at or near the leaves.
Always herbs, seldom tall; lobes of the corolla in two
unequal sets; stamens two only; style obliterated; stigmas
two; ovulary one-celled; placentary one, attached to the
base of the fruit-cavity ; seeds numerous and minute.
Figure 105. Lentibularinae. 415
Plants hardly ever floating, unprovided with pitchers 84
84. Fruit many-seeded ... ... ... ... ... 85
Fruit two- or few-seeded ... ... ... ... 87
85. Fruit usually one-celled.
Herbs, not rarely epiphytal, or shrubs, seldom small trees;
lobes of the corolla in two unequal sets; leaves opposite,
but not rarely one smaller, or some of them basal ; stamens
usually four, two imperfect; anthers often somewhat
coherent; ovulary one-celled or imperfectly two-celled;
placentaries two, attached to the walls of the fruit- cavity;
seeds always minute. Gesiieriaceae. 416
Fruit usually two-celled ... ... ... ... 86
86. Seeds small or minute.
Herbs or shrubs, rarely small trees ; leaves opposite, less
frequently scattered or partially basal ; lobes of the corolla
in two unequal sets ; stamens two or four and then the two
lower the longest; ovulary completely two -celled ; placen-
taries generally attached to the dissepiment; seeds
several or oftener numerous. Figure 104.
Scropliularinae. 417
Victorian Plants. 19
Seeds comparatively large, flat and surrounded by a
broadish membrane.
Usually woody climbers, sometimes trees even of tallness ;
leaves generally opposite and frequently divided into
leaflets ; lobes of the corolla in two unequal sets ; stamens
four, the two lower the longest ; anther-cells disconnected
except at the summit ; stigma constantly bilobed ; ovulary
two-celled, with two placentaries attached to each side
of the deciduous dissepiment, or one-celled with two
double placentaries attached to the walls of the fruit-
cavity. Bignoniaceae. 424
87. Seeds erect.
Herbs, shrubs or trees ; leaves nearly always opposite,
hardly ever compound ; lobes of the corolla almost equal
or of tener in two unequal sets ; stamens two or four ;
anther-cells mostly distinct, almost parallel, hardly con-
tinuous at the summit ; stigma usually bilobed ; fruit
two- to four-celled ; seeds solitary in each fruit-cell.
Verbenaceae. 425
Seeds pendent.
Shrubs or not often small trees, seldom semiherbaceous
plants ; leaves nearly always scattered, often dotted ;
lobes of the corolla almost equal or in two unequal sets ;
stamens four, rarely five ; anther- cells soon divergent, by
terminal continuation of their dehiscence rendering the
anther almost one-celled ; stigma undivided ; fruit hard
or sometimes outside succulent, two- or four-celled or
seldom five- to ten-celled ; seeds one to four in each fruit-
cell. Figure 108. Myoporinae. 427
Apetaleae gymnospermae.
Ovulary open.
Shrubs or trees, mostly evergreen, often resinous ; leaves
scale-like or acicular- or angular-linear, much less fre-
quently dilated and flat ; stamens and pistils never
x united ; anthers two or more, placed on dilated scale-like
rhacheoles, one-celled, simply dehiscent ; filaments ab-
sent ; fruit-bearing rhacheoles crowded into strobiles
(cones) or forming berry-like masses or scattered ; fruits
seed-like ; albument present ; cotyledons two or more ;
medullary rays exceedingly faint ; woody tissue almost
uniform-prosenchymatous. Figure 111.
Couiferae. 428
20 Key to the System of
JYIONOCOTYLEDONEAE.
89. Flowers provided with a conspicuous calyx ... ... 90
Flowers unprovided with a conspicuous calyx. Figures
125 and 126. Acalyceae hypogynae. 104
90. Stamens often inserted away from the base of the
ovulary ; calyx high-adnate to the fruit. Figures 112
to 116. Calyceae perigynae. 91
Stamens often inserted at the base of or below the
ovulary; calyx beyond its base free from the fruit.
Figures 117 to 124. Calyceae hypogynae. 94
Calyceae perigynae.
91. Lower petal usually much unlike the two other.
(Exception here : Thelymitra. )
Terrestrial or epiphytal plants ; flowers often exquisitely
showy ; calyx-lobes three, often petal-like ; stamen and
style connate (gynostemium) ; anther almost constantly
one ; fruit always longitudinally dehiscent ; placentaries
attached to the wall of the fruit-cavity ; seeds mostly
very minute. Figures 112 and 113. Orchicleae. 429
All three petals usually alike ... ... ... 92
92. Stamens and pistils mostly in separate flowers.
Aquatic herbs ; petals often very tender and fugacious ;
fruit indehiscent ; placentaries attached to the walls of
the fruit-cavity ; seeds without albument. Figure 115.
Hydrocharideae. 450
Stamens and pistils usually in the same flowers ... 93
93. Calyx-lobes petal-like, often very tender and fugacious.
Nearly always land-plants ; flowers often large and showy ;
petals usually three, mostly equal ; stamens generally
three, always opposite to the calyx-lobes ; anthers burst-
ing on the outer side ; fruit longitudinally dehiscent ;
placentaries nearly always attached to the inner angles of
the fruit-cavity; seeds with albument. Figure 114.
Irideae. 453
Victorian Plants. 21
Calyx-lobes petal-like, often firm.
Nearly always land-plants ; flowers often large and showy ;
petals three, equal ; stamens generally six ; anthers burst-
ing on the inner side; fruit longitudinally dehiscent or
indehiscent; placentaries nearly always attached to the
inner angles of the fruit-cavity; seeds with albument.
Figure 116. AmaryUideae. 455
Calyceae hypogynae.
94. Petals corollaceous ... ... ... ... ... 95
Petals sepalaceous or absent ... ... .... ... 98
95. Flowers symmetrical ... ... ... ... ... 96
Flowers unsymmetrical ... ... ... ... 97
96. Fruit usually entire.
Nearly always land -plants ; flowers often showy ; sepals
three, generally petal-like, sometimes coherent towards
the base ; petals three, not rarely downward connate
with the sepals ; stamens generally six ; fruit longi-
tudinally dehiscent or indehiscent ; embryo enclosed in
the carnulent or horny albument. Figures 117 to 119.
Liliaceae. 457
Fruit consisting of distinct fruitlets.
Swamp-plants ; sepals and petals always three, the latter
conspicuous and fugacious, often white ; seeds without
any albument. Figure 121. Alisniaceae. 480
97. Anther one.
Usually swamp -plants ; sepals petal-like, two ; petals two ;
stamen one ; style one ; stigma undivided ; fruit longi-
tudinally dehiscent; embryo enclosed in the somewhat
starchy albument. Philhydreae. 481
Anthers three.
Almost rush-like plants ; sepals three, one petal-like ; petals
three, connate into a corolla ; fertile stamens three ;
sterile stamens usually three and bearded ; stigmas
three ; fruit one-celled, dehiscent ; placentas three ; em-
bryo outside the albument. Figure 122. Xyrideae. 482
22 Key to the Si/stem of
•7 */ «/
98. Petals absent 99
Petals usually developed, sepalaceous ... ... ... 100
99. Leaves much elongated.
Swamp-plants ; staminate and pistillate flowers always
distinct, crowded into cylindric spikes or into headlets ;
sepals and petals scale-like or capillary ; stamens few or
many ; stigmas one or two ; fruit one- or two-celled ;
seeds solitary ; embryo within the albument.
Typhaceae. 483
Minute frond-like organs instead of leaves.
Floating plants ; sepals and petals nonet; stamens one or
two ; fruit one-celled ; albument enclosing the embryo
or absent. Lemnaceae. 484
100. Seeds without any albument, embryo comparatively
large.
Aquatic, rarely terrestrial plants, often floating ; sepals
three or less or absent ; petals three or less, often sepal-
like, never bright- colored, often succulent, minute or
absent ; fruit consisting of distinct or coherent fruitlets.
Figure 120. Pluviales. 485
Seeds with albument, embryo comparatively minute 101
101. Embryo placed within the albument or contained in
an opening near the surface of the albument ... 102
Embryo placed outside the albument... ... ... 103
102. Stamens and pistils never in the same flowers.
Palms, mostly superb plants, often tall, sometimes climbing ;
flowers seldom showy ; sepals three, equal, and petals
three, equal, all frequently glumaceous ; stamens often
six ; stigmas three ; fruit seldom very small, usually one-
celled and one-seeded, or rarely consisting of three dis-
tinct fruitlets, always indehiscent ; embryo comparatively
minute, placed in an opening near the surface of the
albument. Falmae. 492
Stamens and pistils usually in the same flowers.
Rushes ; flowers very small ; sepals three and petals three,
similar to each other and glumaceous ; stamens three or
six ; stigmas three ; fruit always very small, longitxidinally
dehiscent, one- or three- celled ; seeds erect ; embryo
minute, placed within the albument. Figure 1 23.
Jimceae. 493
Victorian Plants. 23
103. Leaves mostly well developed, basal and somewhat
pellucid.
Usually small plants; flowers always minute, in a single
terminal head-like spikelet ; staminate and pistillate
flowers distinct, but within the same spikelet ; sepals and
petals three each or fewer, almost transparent or whitish,
the petals not rarely connate into a corolla, very seldom
absent ; stigmas three or two ; fruit three- or two-celled,
always dehiscent ; seed solitary, pendent. Eriocauleae. 494
Leaves often rudimentary, scattered and rigid.
Usually rush-like plants, some twining ; clasping leafstalks
slit longitudinally; staminate and pistillate flowers mostly
on distinct plants; sepals and petals three or two each,
glumaceous, occasionally much reduced or absent ; stigmas
three or two; fruit one- to three celled, longitudinally
dehiscent or indehiscent. Figure 124. Restiaceae. 495
Acalyceae hypogynae.
104. Clasping leafstalks tubular, unopened.
Stems usually solid, nodeless; stamens and pistils in the
same or in distinct flowers, but rarely on separate plants ;
floral bracts solitary; sepals and petals rudimentary or
absent; ovule solitary, erect; fruit one-celled, indehiscent;
embryo enclosed within the albument. Figure 125.
Cyperaceae. 502
Clasping leafstalks open longitudinally.
Stems usually hollow, hardly ever angular; continuity of
stems intercepted by nodes; stamens and pistil often
in the same flower ; sepals and petals rudimentary or
absent; covering floral bract (palea) consisting of two
connate bracteoles or sepals lined by two venules : ovule
solitary, erect; fruit (grain, caryopsis) often adherent or
adnate to the covering bract, indehiscent ; embryo lateral
and external at the base of the albument. Figure 126.
Gramineae. 518
Acotyledoneae vasculares.
105. Fruiting organs often emanating at or near the roots.
Aquatic or rarely terrestrial plants, never large ; foliaceous
organs scale-like, frond-like or stalk-like ; fruiting organs
generally free from the leaf-like or frond-like organs.
Figures 127 and 128. Rhizospermae. 559
24 Key to the System of
Fruiting organs often emanating at or near the summit
of stems or branchlets or at or near the under-side
of fronds 106
106-7. Foliaceous organs leaf-like.
Terrestrial plants, seldom tall; fruiting organs generally
free from the leaf -like organs, often emanating at or near
the summit of stems or branchlets; spore-caselets often
arranged in spikes and supported by bract-like organs.
Figures 129 to 131. Lycopodinae. 562
Foliaceous organs converted into fronds.
" Ferns," from dwarf to tall, some even of palm-like stature;
fruiting organs generally adnate to fronds. Figures 132
to 152. Filices. 565
The, Acotyledoneae evasculares, numbering even more Victorian species
than the di- and mono-cotyledonous plants taken together, and comprising
Mosses, Lichens, Fungs and Algs, require to be treated in a separate volume,
and need to a large extent high microscopic power, not readily available in the
field, for recognition.
GENERA OF PLANTS.
HANTJNCULACEAE.
108. Petals present ... 109
Petals absent ... ... ... ... ... ... 110
109. Fruitlets crowded on a short receptacle.
Herbs, often perennial; leaves chiefly basal, usually incised;
sepals overlapping before expansion, simply sessile; fruit-
lets indehiscent, terminated by a short style. "Butter-
cup." Figure l. Ranunculus. 587
Fruitlets crowded on a much elongated receptacle.
Minute, annual herbs; leaves all basal, very narrow, un-
divided ; sepals extended downwards beyond the point of
insertion; fruitlets very minute, indehiscent, exceedingly
numerous. "Mousetail." Myosurus. 595
Victorian Plants. 25
110. Fruitlets crowded on a short receptacle, terminated
by an elongated often almost feathery style.
Climbers; leaves opposite, usually compound; sepals con-
tiguous before expansion, petaloid, generally four ;
fruitlets indehiscent. Clematis. 596
Fruitlets in a single whorl, terminated by a short style.
Glabrous herbs, often semiaquatic and alpine; leaves all at
or near the root; sepals overlapping before expansion,
petaloid; fruitlets dehiscent. C alt ha. 597
B1AGNOLIACE AE.
111. Sepals two or three ; fruitlets generally succulent.
Petals two or more ; filaments broad ; cells of anthers
distinct; fruitlets in a single and often imperfect whorl.
Figure 3. Drimys. 598
NYMFHAEACEAE.
112. Sepals and petals usually three.
Aquatic herbs ; stamens six or more ; fruitlets two to four,
disconnected, indehiscent. Cabomba. 599
ANONACEAE.
113. Calyx opening by a lid.
Petals none; sterile stamens numerous, petaloid; fruit
urnshaped or invertedly broad-conical. Etipomatia.
DIXiLENIACEAE.
114. Sepals and petals always five ; fruitlets dehiscent.
Shrubs or half-shrubs, some climbing ; leaves seldom large,
often entire ; petals always yellow ; number of stamens
indefinite ; filaments capillary ; anthers bursting longi-
tudinally or seldom at the summit only. Figure 2.
Hibbertia. 601
MONI1VIIEAE.
115. Fruitlets enclosed; fruit-calyx cup-shaped.
Calyx lobed, the lobes of the pistillate calyx finally deciduous;
filaments short, with two appendages; anthers opening
by valves; style elongated, almost plumous. "Native
Sassafras." Atherosperma. 611
Fruitlets exserted; fruit-calyx quite expanded.
Calyx permanently indented ; filaments none ; anthers
opening by slits; style obliterated. Figure 4.
Hedycarya. 612
26 Key to the System of
MENISPJSHB1EAE.
116. Petals longer than the calyx, very turgid.
Flowers small, in racemes ; stamens two or three ; anthers
divergent; fruitlets three to six. Figure 6.
Sarcopetaltim. 613
Petals shorter than the calyx, slightly turgid.
Leaves fixed above the base; flowers minute, in umbels;
anthers circularly adnate; fruitlets solitary.
Stephania. 614
LAT7RACEATB.
117. Twining plants without any conspicuous leaves.
Fruitlet enclosed in the enlarged often succulent tube of the
calyx ; lobes of the calyx six, minute. Figure 5.
Cassytha. 615
PAPAVSRACEAE.
118. Fruit opening by small apertures under the stigmatic
summit.
Herbs, usually annual and hardly or not much branched;
leaves usually indented; sepals two; petals four; stigmas
radiatingly adnate to the summit of the ovulary.
"Poppies." Papaver. 618
CRTTCIFERAE.
119. Fruit separated by transverse articulation into an
upper and a lower portion.
Maritime succulent herbs; petals white or purplish; fruit
abbreviated, each of its two divisions one-seeded. " Sea-
Rocket." CaJdle. 619
Fruit bivalved 120
120. Petals extended into a terminal long and acute
attenuation.
Slender herbs; petals white, yellowish or orange -colored;
fruit from narrow-ellipsoid to globular, abbreviated ;
dissepiment present ; seeds few or several.
Stenopetalum. 619
Petals obtuse ... ... ... ... ... ... 121
121. Dissepiment absent.
Small, annual herbs; petals white or purplish; fruit abbre-
viated, from elliptical-ovate to globular ; seeds numerous,
very minute, on long funicles. Meiikea. 621
Dissepiment present ... ... ' ... ... ... 122
Victorian Plants. 27
122. Fruit abbreviated ... 123
Fruit elongated ... ... ... ... 126
123. Seeds one or two in each cell ... ... ... 124
Seeds more than two in each cell ... ... ... 125
124. Fruit compressed towards the sides of the dissepi-
ment.
Herbs, often beset with branched hairlets; petals white,
purplish or yellow; fruit from elliptical to orbicular;
dissepiment broad ; seeds usually one or two in each cell ;
radicle turned to the edges of the cotyledons.
Alyssum. 622
Fruit compressed towards the edge of the dissepiment.
Herbs or half-shrubs ; petals white or somewhat purplish ;
fruit almost oval or nearly obcordate, compressed; dis-
sepiment very narrow; seeds usually one in each cell;
radicle turned to the sides of the cotyledons.
Lepidium. 623
125. Dissepiment broad.
Herbs, often semiaquatic; sepals spreading; petals white
or oftener yellow; fruit usually almost ellipsoid, turgid;
seeds many, usually in two rows ; radicle turned to the
edges of the cotyledons. Nasturtium. 628
Dissepiment narrow.
Herbs, usually annual; petals white or yellow; fruit almost
ellipsoid or nearly obcordate, compressed; seeds usually
more than two in each cell; radicle turned to the sides of
the cotyledons. Capsella. 629
126. Fruit-valves almost without any longitudinal dorsal
venule.
Herbs often glabrous; sepals usually erect, almost equal;
petals white or purplish ; fruit mostly narrow- cylindrical
and somewhat compressed ; seeds numerous, usually
forming one row in each cell ; radicle turned to the
edges of the cotyledons. Cardamine. 631
Fruit-valves with one to three longitudinal dorsal
venules ... ... ... ... ... 127
127. Fruit-valves lined by one venule ... ... ... 128
Fruit-valves usually lined by three venules ... ... 130
28 Key to the System of
128. Radicle turned to the sides of the cotyledons.
Herbs, often beset with branched hairlets ; sepals erect,
almost equal ; petals white, purplish or yellow ; fruit
nearly cylindrical, rarely almost ellipsoid ; seeds several
or numerous, forming one or two irregular rows in each
cell ; funicle rigid. Figure 8. Erysimum, 635
Radicle turned to the edges of the cotyledons ... 129
129. Fruit almost quadrangular.
Herbs, mostly glabrous ; leaves usually much lobed ; sepals
generally erect, almost equal; petals yellow; fruit narrow;
seeds several or numerous, forming one row in each cell.
Barbarea. 639
Fruit almost compressed.
Herbs, either glabrous or beset with branched hairlets ;
leaves usually beyond their base lobeless ; sepals often
unequal, generally erect ; petals white or purplish ; fruit
narrow-cylindrical ; seeds several or numerous, forming
one or two rows in each cell, with a prominent margin.
Arabis. 640
130. Stigma pointed.
Herbs, beset with simple or branched hairlets ; sepals erect,
two often with turgidly enlarged base ; petals white or
purplish ; fruit usually cylindrical and somewhat com-
pressed ; seeds numerous, forming one or two irregular
rows in each cell ; radicle turned to the sides of the
cotyledons. Wilckia* 641
Stigma blunt.
Herbs, either glabrous or beset with simple hairlets ; sepals
erect or spreading, almost equal ; petals white, purplish
or yellow; fruit narrow- cylindrical, rarely for maturation
buried and then comparatively short and broad (Geo-
coccus) ; funicle capillary ; seeds numerous, forming one
or two irregular rows in each cell ; radicle turned to the
sides of the cotyledons. Sisymbrium. 642
CAFF ABIDE A B.
131. Petals four; fruit indehiscent.
Shrubs, erect or climbing, or trees ; leaves simple ; sepals
four, free or the two outer quite connate ; stamens dis-
connected; ovulary on a stalk -like prolongation (stipes) ;
stigma sessile. Figure 7. Capparis. 645
Victorian Plants. 29
DROSERACEAE.
132. Styles two to five ; fruit one-celled.
Herbs, beset with gland-bearing hairlets ; stamens four to
eight, often five. "Sundew." Figure 11. Drosera. 646
VIO&ACEAE.
133. Fruit valveless, succulent.
Shrubs, often somewhat spinescent ; flowers small ; sepals
fixed at their base ; petals equal, none protruding into a
hollow base. Hymenanthera. 655
Fruit three-valved 134
134. Lowest petal much longer than the others.
Herbs, less frequently shrubs ; leaves scattered ; sepals fixed
at or near their base; lowest petal protruding into a hollow
base. Figure 9. Hybantlms. 656
Lowest petal slightly longer than the others.
Nearly always herbs ; leaves often basal ; flowers solitary on
an elongated stalk ; sepals fixed above their base ; lowest
petal protruding into a hollow base. Viola. 658
POLYGAX.EAE.
135. Fruit rounded at the base.
Herbs or shrubs ; lower petal usually crested at the summit ;
seeds devoid of descending long hairlets. Polygala. 660
Fruit usually contracted into a long narrow base.
Herbs or shrubs, rarely twiners ; lower petal never crested
at the summit ; seeds invested with descending long
hairlets. Figure 13. Comesperma. 661
HYFERICINAE.
136. Fruit splitting along the dissepiments.
Herbs or shrubs; leaves usually opposite, transparently
dotted ; styles often three ; petals from yellow to orange-
colored. Hypericum. 667
ELATINEAE,
137. Sepals blunt.
Aquatic plants, never large ; outer portion of fruit mem-
branous. Elatine. 668
30 Key to the, System of
Sepals pointed.
Small terrestrial plants; outer portion of fruit firm.
Figure 12. Bergia.
PITTOSPOREAE.
138. Fruit indehiscent, succulent.
Somewhat woody twiners or climbers ; petals coherent into
a tube ; stamens surrounding the pistil; anthers opening
by longitudinal slits. Billardiera. 670
Fruit dehiscent ... ... ... 139
139. Stamens all bent to one side.
Perennial plants, often small and erect ; petals divergent
from the base ; anthers opening by terminal pores ; fruit
bursting by longitudinal slits. Cheirantliera. 672
Stamens surrounding the pistil ... ... ... 140
140. Valves of the fruit thick.
Shrubs or trees ; petals coherent into a tube ; anthers open-
ing by longitudinal slits ; fruit opening longitudinally.
Pittosporum. 673
Valves of the fruit thin 141
141. Seeds one, two or three in each fruit-cell.
Petals divergent from the base ; anthers opening by longi-
tudinal slits ; fruit much compressed, opening only near
the summit; seeds flat. Bursaria. 676
Seeds several in each fruit-cell.
Petals divergent from the base or coherent into a tube ;
anthers opening by longitudinal slits ; fruit slightly com-
pressed, opening longitudinally ; seeds often turgid.
Figure 10. Marianthus. 677
RUTACEAE.
142. Fruit entire, somewhat pulpy.
Trees ; leaves opposite, large, often simple ; calyx four-
cleft ; petals four ; stamens eight ; fruit four-celled.
Acroiiychia. 678
Fruit divided into fruitlets, dry 143
Victorian Plants. 31
143. Petals five ' 144
Petals four 145
144. Stamens five.
Shrubs or trees ; leaves scattered, always simple ; calyx
five-cleft ; fruitlets five, blunt. Geijera. 679
Stamens nearly always ten.
Shrubs, rarely trees ; leaves scattered, always simple ; calyx
five-cleft or rarely obliterated ; fruitlets five, pointed,
spreading or seldom laterally coherent. Figure 15.
Eriostemon. 680
145. Stamens four.
Shrubs, rarely trees ; leaves opposite, often consisting of
three leaflets j calyx four-cleft ; fruitlets four, spreading,
blunt. , Zieria. 702
Stamens eight ... ... ... ... ... 146
146. Petals comparatively small.
Shrubs or semiherbaceous plants; leaves opposite, simple
or compound ; calyx four- cleft ; fruitlets four, spreading,
blunt. Boronia, 705
Petals comparatively large.
Shrubs, rarely small trees ; leaves opposite, always simple ;
calyx large, undivided or rarely four-cleft ; fruitlets four,
erect, laterally coherent, blunt. Figure 14. Correa. 712
CELASTRINAJG.
147. Fruit two- to four-valved.
Shrubs, often climbing, or small trees ; leaves scattered ;
seeds one or two in each cell, much enclosed in a succulent
appendage. Figure 28. Celastrus. 715
LINEAE.
148. Sepals, petals and styles five.
Herbs; leaves small, without any denticulation. "Flax."
Linum. 716
32 Key to the System of
STACK.HOTJSIEAE.
149. Lower portion of petals cohering or connate into a tube.
Herbs or half-shrubs ; calyx five-lobed ; fruitlets usually
three. Figure 29. Stackhousia. 717
SAPINDACEAE.
150. Outer portion of fruit membranous.
Shrubs from quite dwarf to very tall, rarely somewhat
herbaceous ; calyx four- or five-lobed ; petals none ; fruit
two- to six-celled ; seeds small, without any appendage.
Figure 27. Dodonaea. 721
Outer portion of fruit almost crustaceous or lignescent 151
151. Calyx entire or irregularly denticulated.
Shrubs or small trees ; leaves simple, entire or lobed ;
petals none; fruit with four or less lobes, scarcely bursting;
seeds rather large, about half enclosed in a succulent
appendage. Heterodendroii. 729
Calyx five-lobed.
Trees, not rarely tall ; leaves pinnate, leaflets large ; petals
minute ; fruit two- or three-lobed, often bursting irre-
gularly; seeds rather large, high- enclosed in a succulent
appendage. Nepheliiim. 730
ZTTGOPHYLLSAE.
152. Fruit simple.
Shrubs; leaves simple, scattered or fascicled, succulent;
flowers many, terminal ; petals curved inward at the
margin, whitish; fruit one-seeded, hard inside, succulent
outside. Figure 17. Nitraria. 731
Fruit compound ... ... ... ... .- 153
153. Fruit angular or lobed, succulent, dehiscent.
Herbs or shrubs, always succulent ; leaves forming usually
only one pair of leaflets ; flowers solitary ; petals flat,
tender, often yellow ; fruit four- to five-angled, bursting
longitudinally. Figure 16. Zygophyllum. 732
Fruit divided into hard indehiscent long-coherent
fruitlets.
Herbs ; leaves forming usually several pairs of pinnately
arranged thin leaflets ; flowers solitary ; petals flat, tender,
often yellow. Tribulus. 738
Victorian Plants. 33
GERANIACEAE.
154. Fruit without any terminal elongation.
Usually herbs, always acidulous; leaflets three or more,
terminal on the leafstalk; no nectar-tube descending from
the calyx; petals equal; fruit five-valved, the valves not
seceding from the axis. Oxalis. 739
Fruit with a very conspicuous terminal elongation ... 155
155. Petals unequal.
Herbs or shrubs; leaves often longer than broad; flowers
generally in umbels; nectar-tube conspicuous, descending
from the calyx; elongations of fruit spirally seceding in
five segments upwards from the axis, each carrying a
fruitlet. figure 18. Pelargonium. 740
Petals equal ... ... ... ... ... ... 156
156. Elongations of the fruitlets coiledly seceding from
their axis upwards.
Usually herbs; leaves often as broad as long or broader;
flowers generally two together or solitar y ; nectar-tube
absent ; elongations carrying each a fruitlet.
Geranium. 741
Elongations of fruitlets spirally seceding from their
axis upwards.
Usually herbs ; leaves often longer than broad ; flowers
generally in umbels ; nectar-tube absent ; elongations
carrying each a fruitlet. Er odium. 742
ITCALVACEAE.
157. Floral bracts absent ... ... ... ... ... 158
Floral bracts present ... ... ... ... ... 161
158. Stamens and pistils mostly in distinct flowers.
Herbs or shrubs or small trees; petals generally not large;
stigmas decurrent; fruitlets irregularly bursting, one-
seeded. Flagianthus. 743
Stamens and pistils always in the same flowers ... 159
D
34 Key to the System of
159. Fruit consisting of one-seeded fruitlets.
Herbs or shrubs; petals generally small, often yellow;
stigmas terminal; fruitlets seceding, imperfectly or hardly
dehiscent. Sida. 745
Fruit valvate or consisting of two- or more-seeded
fruitlets .................. 160
160. Fruit consisting of connate or coherent fruitlets.
Herbs or shrubs or rarely small trees; petals generally large,
often yellow; stigmas terminal; fruitlets dehiscent.
Abutilon. 746
Fruit three-valved.
Tall shrub; petals violet; stigmas terminal; seeds two in
each fruit-cell. Figure 19. Howittia. 747
161. Floral bracts five or more.
Herbs or shrubs or small trees; petals often large; floral
bracts connate; stigmas terminal; fruit five-valved; seeds
few or several in each fruit-cell. Hibiscus. 748
Floral bracts three.
Herbs or shrubs; petals generally large, often bluish or
pink ; floral bracts connate ; stigmas decurrent ; fruit
consisting of one-seeded, indehiscent, seceding fruitlets.
Lavatera. 749
162. Anthers quadrangular.
Perennial herbs or somewhat shrubby plants ; leaves small,
scattered or somewhat whorled, rarely absent ; petals
red, exceptionally white ; anthers attenuated at the
summit. Tetratheca. 750
TXUAOBAJB.
163. Fruit smooth, lobeless, somewhat succulent and often
blue outside, hard inside.
Trees, often tall ; petals at the upper end fringed or den-
ticulated or rarely entire ; anthers narrow, at the summit
dehiscent. Figure 2C. Elaeocarpus* 751
Victorian Plants. 35
STERCULIACEAE.
164. Calyx supported by three bracts ... ... 165
Calyx unsupported by bracts ... ...166
165. Stipules conspicuous.
Shrubs ; calyx persistent, often membranous ; petals very
minute or absent ; stamens five ; fruit three- to five-
valved, smooth. Thoniasia. 752
Stipules none.
Shrubs ; calyx persistent, often firm ; petals very minute .
or absent ; stamens five ; fruit three-valved, smooth.
Figure 20. Lasiopetalum. 753
166. Fruit five-valved.
Shrubs or small trees ; calyx persistent ; petals dilated and
inflexed at the base, narrowed at the summit ; fertile
stamens five ; fruit beset with bristle- or thorn-like
excrescences. Commerconia. 758
Fruit consisting of distinct fruitlets.
Usually trees, sometimes tall ; calyx corollaceous, de-
ciduous ; petals absent ; stamens numerous, connate.
Figure 21. Brachychiton. 759
EUPKORBIACEAE.
167. Flowers devoid of sepals and petals, contained
within a calyx-like involucre.
Herbs, far less commonly shrubs, always with abundant
white acrid sap ; calyx-like involucre small, with glands
at its margin ; staminate flowers several, one stamen to
each; pistillate flowers solitary, central; fruit six-
valved. "Spurge." Euphorbia. 760
Flowers provided with sepals, but devoid of any
involucre ... ... ... ... ... ... 168
168. Fruit-valves usually two or three ... ... ... 169
Fruit-valves usually six ... ... ... ... 170
36 Key to the System of
169. Stamens generally few, disunited.
Shrubs or small trees ; leaves comparatively large, always
entire ; sepals one to three ; petals absent ; anthers open-
ing by longitudinal slits ; fruit compressed, with two
broad valves and two seeds. Omalanthus. 762
Stamens numerous, united.
Shrubs or small trees ; leaves mostly small, entire ; seg-
ments of calyx five ; petals absent ; anthers opening by
longitudinal slits ; fruit turgid, with usually three
narrow valves and one or two seeds. Figure 23.
Bertya. 763
170. Petals present ... ... ... 171
Petals absent or rudimentary ... ... 172
171. Sepals longer than the petals.
Shrubs ; leaves entire ; stamens numerous, crowded ; anthers
opening by longitudinal slits ; stigma sessile, depressed,
lobeless. ' Beyeria. 765
Sepals shorter than the petals.
Shrubs ; leaves usually narrow, entire ; stamens numerous,
connate ; anthers opening by longitudinal slits.
Ricinocarpus. 767
172. Anthers opening by terminal pores.
Herbs or half -shrubs ; leaves narrow or small, entire ; sepals
five, petaloid, whitish ; petals rudimentary ; stamens five,
disunited. Foranthera. 768
Anthers opening by longitudinal slits ... ... 173
173. Calyx lobed.
Herbs or half -shrubs ; leaves mostly small ; calyx-lobes
three to five ; petals absent ; stamens ten or fewer, dis-
united. Amperea. 770
Calyx consisting of sepals ... ... ... ... 174
174. Sepals usually three.
Shrubs or trees ; leaves comparatively large, entire or in-
dented ; petals absent ; stamens many, disunited ; anthers
blunt, their cells turgid. Claoxylon. 771
Sepals more than three ... ... ... ... 175
Victorian Plants. 37
175. Stamens numerous.
Shrubs ; leaves comparatively large, always indented ; sepals
four or five; petals sepal-like or absent ; stamens crowded ;
anthers pointed, their cells narrow. Adriaiia. 772
Stamens few 176
176. Leaves ternately joined.
Shrubs or somewhat herbaceous plants ; leaves small,
entire; sepals six; petals absent; stamens disunited.
Micraiitheum. 773
Leaves scattered ... ... ... ... ... 177
177. Seeds one in each fruit.
Shrubs or half -shrubs ; leaves small, entire ; sepals generally
six ; petals absent ; stamens disunited ; styles three,
undivided. Pseudantlms. 774
Seeds several in each fruit.
Herbs or shrubs ; leaves mostly small, entire, not seldom
placed unilaterally and averse to the flowers ; sepals
generally six ; petals absent ; styles three, usually
bilobed. Fhyllanthns. 775
CUPULIFERAE.
178. Pistillate flowers two to four within a scaly, at
length prickly or fringy involucre of connate bracts.
Usually trees, often tall ; staminate flowers crowded or only
three or two together or solitary, their calyx lobed ;
stamens few, several or many ; calyx of pistillate flowers
adnate ; ovulary three-celled ; styles three ; fruits (nuts)
triangular. "Beech." FagUS. 780
TJRTICA.CEAE.
179. Woody 180
Herbaceous ... ... ... ... ... ... 181
180. Flowers cymosely disposed.
Evergreen trees ; sepals usually five ; stamens five, erect
while in bud ; stigmas two. Figure 24. Trenia. 781
38 Key to the System of
Flowers crowded within a turgid almost closed re-
ceptacle.
Trees oftener evergreen than with deciduous foliage ; flowers
minute ; staminate pistillate and neuter flowers distinct.
"Figtrees." Picus. 782
181. Calyx consisting of sepals.
Weak herbs, beset with hooked hairlets ; leaves entire ;
stipules absent ; sepals usually four ; stamens four, inflected
while in bud ; stigma one. ' Parietaria. 783
Calyx lobed.
Weak herbs ; leaves denticulated ; stipules present ; calyx-
lobes two to five ; stamen one ; stigma one.
Australina. 784
CASUAHZNEAE.
182. Fruit-bearing bracteoles lignescent, blunt or simply
acute or far less frequently thorn-like pointed.
Annual concentric layers of wood well marked ; medullary
rays very conspicuous ; ample vascular tubes and paren-
chyma well developed in the wood. Figure 25.
Casuarina. 785
PHVTOX.ACCEAE.
183. Fruitlets two or more, distinct, on or around a columnar
axis.
Herbs or shrubs ; valves rigid. Figure 43.
Didymotheca. 790
Fruitlets numerous, coherent into an almost bell-
shaped fruit.
Shrubs or oftener small trees ; fruitlets bursting along the
inner edge ; valves membranous. Coclonocarpus. 791
FXCOXDEAE.
184. Calyx consisting of sepals.
Always herbs; leaves scattered or crowded at intervals,
never very succulent ; sepals five ; petals few ; stamens
few or several ; staminodia present ; fruit membranous,
bursting longitudinally, many-seeded. Figure 41.
Mollugo. 792
Calyx lobed 185
Victorian Plants. 39
185. Petals numerous.
Herbs or shrubs ; leaves very succulent, mostly opposite ;
stamens numerous ; fruit succulent, its cells slit at the
depressed summit, many-seeded. Figure 39.
MesenibrianthemTiin. 794
Petals none.
Herbs or shrubs ; leaves rather succulent, scattered ;
stamens few or several ; fruit rather or quite succulent,
indehiscent, few-seeded. Figure 40. Tetragoiiia. 795
CARYOFXXYX.X.&AE.
186. Calyx consisting of sepals ... ... ... ... 187
Calyx short-lobed . , 191
187. Stipules absent 188
Stipules present ... ... ... ... ... 190
188. Valves of fruit twice as many as styles.
Leaves often broadish ; sepals usually five ; petals bifid ;
stamens usually ten ; styles generally three.
Stellaria. 796
Valves of fruit as many as styles ... ... ... 189
189. Stamens opposite to the sepals.
Leaves always very narrow ; sepals four to five ; petals
four to five or absent ; stamens usually four or five ;
styles four or five. Sagina. 799
Stamens alternate with the sepals.
Perennial plants, often of turfy growth ; sepals four to five ;
petals absent ; stamens four to five ; styles four to five.
Figure 32. Colobanthus. 800
190. Sepals prominently keeled.
Leaves broadish ; sepals five ; petals very minute ; stamens
three to five, opposite to the sepals ; styles three ; valves
of fruit as many as styles. Polycarpon. 801
Sepals without a prominent keel.
Leaves narrow ; sepals usually five ; petals five or none ;
stamens generally ten ; styles three or five ; valves of
fruit as many as styles. Spergularia. 802
40 Key to the System of
191. Petals five.
Herbs or half - shrubs ; leaves broad or narrow; stipules
absent ; stamens ten, inserted at the base of the calyx ;
styles generally two ; fruit usually four-valved.
Saponaria. 803
Petals none.
Leaves always narrow ; stipules absent ; stamens one to
ten, inserted at the orifice of the calyx ; styles two ; fruit
valveless. Figure 33. Scleraiithus. 804
PORTTJXACEAE.
192. Fruit valveless, transversely dehiscent.
Succulent herbs ; petals generally disunited. Portulaca. 807
Fruit valvate ... ... ... ... ... ... 193
193. Petals disunited.
Succulent herbs or half -shrubs. Figure 31. Claytonia. 808
Petals connate into an unilaterally slit corolla.
Small herb, somewhat succulent. Montia. 813
NYCTAGINEAE.
194. Leaves opposite.
Herbs or half -shrubs; flowers umbellate or paniculate or
crowded; involucre none; upper portion of the calyx
corollaceous, folded, hardly lobed, lower portion including
the fruit; stamens one to five; fruit furrowed, nearly
always beset with stalked glandules. Figure 44.
Boerhaavia. 814
POLYGONACEAE.
195. Sepals six, the inner larger.
Herbs, rarely half -shrubs; outer sepals spreading, inner
callously thickened; stamens usually six; styles three;
stigmas bearded or fringed. Rumex. 815
Sepals five, nearly equal 196
Victorian Plants. 41
196. Sepals almost unchanged in age.
Herbs, rarely half -shrubs or climbers; stamens and pistils
usually in the same flowers ; stamens often five to eight ;
styles two or three; stigmas generally smooth.
Folygouum. 818
Sepals enlarged and often succulent in age.
Herbs or oftener shrubs or climbers; staminate and pistillate
flowers usually distinct; stamens usually eight; styles
three; stigmas mostly fringed. Figure 42.
MuehlenbecMa. 824
A XK AR ANT ACE AS.
197. Sepals usually much elongated.
Herbaceous or shrubby plants ; leaves scattered, often
broadish and large ; sepals five ; anthers two -celled ;
stigma one. Figure 35. Ptilotus. 829
Sepals always much abbreviated ... ... ... 198
198. Leaves opposite.
Herbaceous plants ; leaves broadish, small ; sepals five ;
anthers one-celled ; stigmas two. Alternaiithera. 835
Leaves scattered ... ... ... ... ... 199
199. Bracteoles supported by a bract.
Herbaceous plants; leaves broadish, often large; sepals five
or fewer ; anthers two-celled ; stigmas two or three.
Euxolus. 836
Bracteoles unsupported by a bract.
Herbaceous plants ; leaves narrow, small ; sepals five ;
anthers one-celled ; stigmas two. Figure 34.
Polycnemou. 837
SALSOLACEAE.
200. Leaves rudimentary or absent.
Herbs or shrubs ; calyx unchanged in age ; fruits concealed
within the joints of terminal spikes ; embryo incompletely
annular. Figure 38. Salicornia. 838
Leaves well developed ... ... ... ... 201
42 Key to the System of
201. Leaves broadish ... 202
Leaves narrow ... ... ... ... 205
202. Calyces of two forms, one form involucral.
Herbs or shrubs; leaves flat, often comparatively large j
calyx of staminate flowers five-lobed, unchanged in age ;
calyx of pistillate flowers bi-lobed, enlarged in age;
embryo incompletely annular. Atriplex. 840
Calyces all of one form ... ... ... ... 203
203. Fruit very succulent.
Shrubby rarely herbaceous plants ; leaves flat, often com-
paratively large ; calyx constantly five-lobed, unchanged
in age ; fruit depressed ; embryo incompletely annular.
Rhagodia. 854
Fruit dry 204
204. Sepals usually five, opaque, upwards almost flat.
Herbaceous or rarely shrubby plants ; leaves flat, often large ;
calyx unchanged in age ; embryo incompletely annular.
Chenopodium. 857
Sepals three or one, transparent, upwards dilated and
concave.
Small herbs ; leaves flat, small ; calyx unchanged in age,
minute ; stamens three or one ; styles two or one ; embryo
incompletely annular. Dysphania. 862
205. Fruit-bearing calyx provided with appendages ... 206
Fruit-bearing calyx devoid of appendages ... ... 208
206. Fruit-bearing calyx enlarged into five or less narrow
often spinule-like sometimes minute appendages.
Herbs or oftener shrubs ; leaves small, almost cylindrical ;
embryo incompletely annular. Figure 36.
(Chenolea.) Bassia. 863
Fruit-bearing calyx enlarged into five disconnected or
connate broad horizontal membranous appendages ... 207
Victorian Plants. 43
207. Embryo incompletely annular.
Herbs or oftener shrubs ; leaves small, almost cylindrical.
Figure 37. Kochia. 872
Embryo coiled.
Herbs or half-shrubs; leaves almost cylindrical.
Salsola. 883
208. Fruit-bearing calyx unchanged and hardly succulent.
Herbs or half -shrubs ; leaves almost cylindrical ; embryo
coiled. Suaeda. 884
Fruit-bearing calyx enlarged and very succulent ... 209
209. Fruit-bearing calyx depressed-globular.
Half -shrub ; leaves small, almost cylindrical ; embryo in-
completely annular. Enchylaena. 885
Fruit-bearing calyx erect, truncate-ellipsoid.
Half -shrub ; leaves small, almost cylindrical ; embryo in-
completely annular. Threlkeldia. 886
FRANKLENIACEAE.
210. Calyx tubular.
Herbs or shrubs ; petals much narrowed towards the base ;
fruit one-celled, dehiscent, many-seeded. Prankenia. 887
211. Calyx almost funnel-shaped.
Herbs or half -shrubs ; leaves often near the root, generally
rigid ; spikes mostly paniculated ; upper portion of calyx
often transparent ; styles disjointed, glabrous ; fruit en-
closed, one-seeded. Figure 30. Statice. 888
LEGUITCIN03AE.
212. Petals equal.
Shrubs or trees ; leaves doubly pinnate or often reduced to
dilated leafstalks ; petals all disconnected or all connate,
always contiguous before expansion ; stamens often
numerous; flowers usually minute and equally yellow,
crowded into headlets or spikes. . Figures 50 and 51.
Acacia. 889
Petals unequal ...... ... ... ... ... ... 213
44 Key to the System of
213. Petals all disconnected.
Herbs or oftener shrubs, rarely trees; leaves simply pinnate
or rarely reduced to dilated leafstalks ; flowers often large
and provided with conspicuous stalklets ; upper petal
inside before expansion; stamens usually ten or fewer.
Figure 49. Cassia. 950
The two lowest petals usually connate.
Upper petal outside before expansion ; stamens ten, curved
upwards. Figures 45 to 48 ... ... ... ... 214
214. Stamens all disconnected ... ... ... ... 215
All or nine of the stamens connate ... ... ... 226
215. Lobes of the calyx contiguous before expansion ... 216
Lobes of the calyx overlapping before expansion ... 217
216. Seeds two.
Shrubby plants, sometimes tall ; leaves almost obliterated ;
lobes of the calyx elongated; petals yellowish, rarely pink;
fruit compressed, without any dissepiment.
Jacksonia. 955
Seeds several.
Almost herbaceous or shrubby plants ; leaves three -foliolate
or pinnate, rarely simple; petals yellowish or red, the two
lowest often darker ; fruit almost globular, without any
dissepiment. Gompholobium. 956
217. Fruit with a longitudinal dissepiment.
Shrubby plants, from dwarf to tall ; leaves simple, usually
scattered or ternately whorled ; petals yellowish or of
species elsewhere blue; fruit turgid; seeds several.
Figure 45. Mirbelia. 958
Fruit without any dissepiment ... ... ... 218
218. Seeds several or numerous.
Shrubby plants, from dwarf to tall; leaves simple, generally
opposite or whorled; petals yellowish, seldom reddish;
fruit turgid. Oxylobium. 959
Seeds two 219
Victorian Plants. 45
219. Leaves absent, rudimentary or imperfect ... ... 220
Leaves nearly always present ... ... ... 221
220. Upper lobes of the calyx united and much larger than
the lower.
Almost herbaceous or shrubby plants ; stipules obliterated ;
petals yellowish or of species elsewhere red ; fruit globu-
lar ; seeds without any appendage. Sphaerolobium. 962
Lobes of the calyx nearly equal.
Tall and slender, not rarely arborescent shrub; leafstalks
very elongated ; petals yellowish ; fruit minute, ovate,
indehiscent. Viminaria. 963
221. Fruit very inequilateral.
Shrubby plants, from dwarf to tall, rarely arborescent;
leaves simple, scattered, or in species chiefly elsewhere
quite absent ; petals yellowish or red ; fruit oblique-
triangular ; seeds with an appendage (strophiole).
Daviesia. 964
Fruit slightly inequilateral 222
222. Leaves opposite.
Shrubby plants, seldom tall; leaves simple; stipules ob-
literated ; petals yellowish ; fruit ovate ; seeds with an
appendage ; calyx unsupported by bracteoles.
Eutaxia. 970
Leaves scattered or irregularly crowded, rarely whorled 223
223. Stipules developed.
Leaves simple ; calyx supported by almost membranous
bracteoles ; petals yellowish, rarely pink ; fruit nearly
ovate ; seeds with an appendage. Figure 46.
Pultenaea. 971
Stipules undeveloped ... ... ... ... ... 224
224. Calyx supported by leafy bracteoles.
Shrubby plants ; leaves simple, scattered or irregularly
crowded ; fruit nearly ovate ; seeds without any ap-
pendage. Phyllota. 1002
Calyx unsupported by bracteoles ... ... .. 225
46 Key to the System of
225. Seeds constantly provided with an appendage.
Half-shrubs or weak shrubby plants; leaves scattered or
irregularly crowded; petals yellowish or reddish, the
upper very broad ; fruit nearly ovate, turgid.
Dillwynia. 1003
Seeds constantly unprovided with an appendage.
Half -shrubs or shrubby plants; leaves simple, scattered or
whorled; petals yellowish; fruit nearly ovate. Aotus. 1008
226. All the stamens connate ... ... ... ... 227
Nine of the stamens connate, one disconnected. (Ex-
ceptions : Glycine partly, Desmodium partly) ... ... 232
227. Leaves simple or less frequently absent ... ... 228
Leaves compound, consisting of two or three leaflets 231
228. Five anthers abbreviated and five elongated ... 229
Anthers equal ... ... ... 230
229. Petals blue.
Shrubs, rarely almost herbaceous plants ; flowers usually
but few together, or some solitary ; fruit turgid ; seeds
with an appendage. Hovea. 1009
Petals yellow or red.
Shrubs, rarely almost herbaceous plants; flowers mostly
dispersed ; fruit compressed ; seeds with an appendage.
Templetonia. 1010
230. Fruit bursting along both edges.
Shrubs or half -shrubs, rarely herbaceous plants; leaves often
alternate and forming two rows, or absent; flowers dis-
persed ; petals yellowish ; fruit considerably compressed
or flat ; seeds with an appendage. Bossiaea. 1012
Fruit bursting along one edge.
Shrubs or half -shrubs ; flowers dispersed ; petals yellowish ;
fruit flat, its valves persistently connate along the broad-
edged suturule; seeds with an appendage.
Platylobium. 1021
Victorian Plants. 47
231. Fruit unjointed.
Shrubs; leaves consisting of three leaflets; flowers in racemes;
petals yellowish ; anthers alternately elongated and
abbreviated ; fruit much compressed ; seeds with an
appendage. Goodia. 1024
Fruit jointed.
Herbaceous plants; leaves usually consisting of two leaflets;
anthers alternately elongated and abbreviated; fruit-
articules separately seceding, indehiscent. Zornia. 1025
232. Fruit jointed.
Herbs or shrubs; stipules present; sometimes all the stamens
connate into a tube ; anthers equal ; fruit narrow, mostly
elongated, the joints often partly seceding.
Desmodium. 1026
Fruit unjointed 233
233. Leaves consisting of one or three leaflets, or of several
leaflets placed radiatingly. (Exception: elsewhere Psoralea
partly) 234
Leaves nearly always pinnate ... ... ... 239
234. Fruit with one seed 235
Fruit with two or more seeds ... ... ... 236
235. Seed free from the outer portion of the fruit.
Herbs or shrubs ; stipules absent ; anthers equal ; ovulary
with a single ovule ; fruit minute, compressed, indehiscent.
Lespedeza. 1027
Seed adherent to the outer portion of the fruit.
Herbs or shrubby plants, few arborescent, always glandular-
dotted ; stipules unlike the leaflets ; petals usually red
or blue ; fruit minute, indehiscent ; seed without any
appendage. Psoralea. 1028
236. The two lowest leaflets replacing stipules.
Herbaceous or somewhat shrubby plants ; leaves consisting
of five leaflets or the floral leaves trifoliolate ; lower petals
pointed ; filaments alternately dilated upwards ; fruit
narrow ; seeds without any appendage. Lotus. 1032
Stipules very dissimilar to the leaflets ... ... 237
48 Key to the System of
237. Leaflets closely denticulated.
Odorous herbs ; stipules adnate ; lateral venules of the
leaflets approximated, almost straight and parallel ; fruit
rather elongated, almost indehiscent ; seeds several or
many, without any appendage. Figure 47. Trigonella. 1033
Leaflets without any regular denticulation ... ... 238
238. Seeds provided with an appendage.
Herbaceous or woody plants, usually climbers or twiners ;
anthers equal ; fruit bivalved, spuriously septate between
the seeds. Kennedya. 1034
Seeds unprovided with an appendage.
Herbaceous plants, usually climbers or twiners ; sometimes
all the stamens connate ; anthers equal ; fruit bivalved,
usually septate between the seeds. Glycine. 1036
239. Fruit perfectly dehiscent.
Herbs or shrubby plants, seldom very tall ; hairlets of the
general vestment two-branched, appressed ; leaves usually
pinnate or of species elsewhere consisting of one or three
leaflets or rarely wanting ; petals often pink or purplish ;
anthers pointed ; fruit bivalved, narrow, generally elon-
gated ; seeds without any appendage. Indigof era. 1039
Fruit imperfectly dehiscent ... ... ... ... 240
240. Seeds several.
Herbs or less frequently somewhat shrubby plants, some
deleterious ; fruit turgid or inflated, depressed along the
upper suturule ; seeds without any appendage.
Swainsona. 1040
Seeds one or two.
Glandular-viscid herbs, their roots often of sweetish taste ;
petals rather narrow ; anthers bursting along their axis
from the summit into two divergent valves ; fruit rather
short or very abbreviated, usually indehiscent ; seeds
without any appendage. Figure 48. Glycyrrhiza. 1048
241. Stamens two, rarely one.
Shrubby or seldom herbaceous plants, few alpine ; bark
tough, acrid ; calyx four-lobed ; rudimentary petals always
absent. Figure 74. Pimelea. 1049
Stamens four.
Dwarf, somewhat shrubby plants, always alpine ; calyx four-
lobed ; rudimentary petals usually present. Drapetes. 1069
Victorian Plants. 49
ROSACEAE,
242. Petals absent ; stamens few ... ... ... ... 243
Petals present; stamens many ... ... ... 244
243. Fruit-calyx armed with hooked pricklets.
Herbaceous plants ; leaves pinnate ; flowers minute ; fruitlet
small, solitary. Acaeiia. 1070
Fruit-calyx unarmed.
Herbaceous plants ; leaves lobed ; flowers minute ; fruitlets
small, four or less. Alchemilla. 1071
244. Herbaceous ... ... ... ... ... ... 245
Shrubby ... ... ... ... ... ... 246
245. Styles persistent.
Herbaceous plants ; leaves pinnate with a large terminal
leaflet ; flowers conspicuous ; calyx usually supported by
five bracts, its lobes overlapping before expansion ; styles
rigid, elongated ; fruitlets small, many. Geum. 1072
Styles deciduous.
Herbs or half-shrubs ; leaflets pinnately or radiatingly
arranged ; flowers conspicuous ; calyx supported by
usually five bracts, its lobes contiguous before expan-
sion ; fruitlets small, many. Potentilla. 1073
246. Fruitlets many, succulent, connate into a berry-like
fruit.
Generally shrubby and climbing plants ; flowers con-
spicuous ; calyx unsupported by bracts ; fruitlets small,
crowded. Figure 52. Bubus. 1074
Fruitlets few, hard, dry, coherent into a finally
dehiscent fruit.
Shrubby or arborescent ; flowers conspicuous at the upper
end ; calyx unsupported by near bracts ; sepals four,
coherent, dropping somewhat connectedly; petals four;
fruitlets rather large,in a single whorl. Eucryphia. 1076
SAXIFRAGSAE.
(Including1 Crassulaoeae.)
247. Herbaceous plants, small or minute.
Often annual and succulent ; leaves opposite, frequently
crowded ; flowers minute ; stamens as many as petals, three
to five ; fruitlets disconnected. Figure 54. Tillaea. 1077
Shrubby plants, erect or climbing ... ... ... 248
E
50 Key to the System of
248. Petals ten or less, conspicuous.
Erect or diffuse shrubs ; leaves opposite, consisting of three
leaflets, thus spuriously whorled ; sepals ten or less ;
petals rose-colored ; stamens numerous, rarely few ; styles
two ; fruit dehiscent. Figure 53. Bauera. 1080
Petals rudimentary or absent.
Climbers or twiners ; leaves opposite, simple ; sepals four,
expanding, persistent ; stamens eight ; styles four, co-
herent ; fruit dry, undivided, indehiscent, one-seeded.
Aphanopetalum. 10S1
1KYRTACEAE.
249. Ovulary with more than one cell ... ... 250
Ovulary with one cell ... 259
250. Fruit succulent.
Shrubs or trees ; leaves usually large, constantly opposite ;
petals four or five, not seldom permanently coherent;
stamens numerous, disconnected, elongated; ovularytwo-
or three-celled ; fruit indehiscent, one-seeded. Figure 60.
Eugenia. 1082
Fruit almost dry ... ... ... ... ... 251
251. Petals absent. (Exception : one Kunzea) ... ... 252
Petals present... ... ... 253
252. Calyx-lobes semi-petaloid, dorsally pointed.
Trees, not rarely tall, or big shrubs ; leaves large, often
inequilateral, scattered or opposite ; stamens discon-
nected, numerous, elongated ; fruit three- or four-celled,
vertically dehiscent, somewhat indurated, many-seeded.
Angophora. 1083
Calyx-lobes changed into a lid.
Trees, often tall, some gigantic, less commonly large and
exceptionally dwarf shrubs ; leaves large, oftener scat-
tered than opposite, frequently inequilateral ; flowers in
scattered or paniculated fascicles or umbels, rarely two
together or solitary ; petals absent or rarely present and
then only rudimentary ; stamens numerous, disconnected,
often elongated ; fruit vertically dehiscent, indurated,
three- or more-celled, seldom two-celled ; seeds many,
but few fertile. Figures 58 and 59. Eucalyptus. 1084
Victorian Plants. 51
253. Fruit almost indehiscent.
Shrubs or trees ; calyx-lobes four, soon enlarging ; petals
constantly four, whitish; stamens numerous, disconnected,
elongated ; fruit not much indurated, two-celled, many-
seeded. Backhousia. 1121
Fruit dehiscent 254
254. Stamens connate into five sets ... ... ... 255
Stamens disconnected ... ... ... ... ... 256
255. Flowers arranged in cymes.
Shrubs or trees ; leaves scattered or somewhat whorled,
rarely opposite ; petals often white or yellow ; stamens
numerous, exserted ; fruit somewhat or quite hard, three-
celled, vertically dehiscent, many-seeded. Tristania. 1122
Flowers always sessile.
Shrubs or trees, some tall ; leaves scattered or opposite,
seldom large ; flowers soon infra-terminal in spikes or
headlets ; stamens numerous, exserted ; filaments as well
as petals oftener pink or purplish or whitish than yellow ;
fruit small, hard, always three-celled, vertically dehiscent,
many-seeded. Figure 57. Melaleuca. 1123
256. Stamens long-exserted.
Shrubs, seldom dwarf, some arborescent; leaves always
scattered ; flowers soon infra-terminal in spikes ; stamens
numerous, usually in more than one row ; fruit small,
hard, always three-celled, vertically dehiscent.
Callistemon. 1134
Stamens slightly or hardly exserted ... ... ... 257
257. Fruit usually much indurated.
Shrubs, seldom dwarf, some arborescent ; leaves small,
scattered or some crowded ; flowers mostly scattered,
usually sessile ; petals white or somewhat pinkish ;
stamens numerous, disconnected, always in one row ;
fruit three- or more-celled, vertically dehiscent ; seeds
very narrow or flat. Leptospernium. 1139
Fruit scarcely indurated ... ... ... ... 258
52 Key to the System of
258. Leaves usually scattered.
Shrubs, from dwarf to tall, seldom arborescent; leaves
scattered or some crowded, rarely opposite, usually small ;
petals white, yellow or pink ; stamens numerous, short-
exserted, usually in more than one row ; fruit two- or
more-celled, usually dehiscent, many-seeded ; seeds turgid.
Kunzea. 1144
Leaves opposite.
Shrubs, from dwarf to tall, some arborescent ; leaves small
and often minute ; petals usually white or pink ; stamens
five or more, mostly definite in number, enclosed, abbre-
viated, in one row ; fruit two- or more- celled, dehiscent,
generally few-seeded. Baeckea. 1149
259. Stamens five or ten 260
Stamens numerous ... ... ... ... ... 261
260. Staminodia present.
Shrubs, seldom tall ; leaves oftener scattered than opposite ;
stamens ten, abbreviated, alternating with the staminodia,
slightly connected ; fruit usually one-seeded, indehiscent.
Darwinia. 1157
Staminodia absent.
Shrubs, from dwarf to tall ; leaves small, always opposite ;
lobes of the calyx blunt or pointed ; petals white or
reddish, very seldom yellow ; stamens five or ten, abbre-
viated, disconnected; fruit usually one-seeded, indehiscent.
Figure 56. Thryptomene. 1158
261. Lobes of the calyx blunt or pointed.
Shrubs, from dwarf to tall; leaves very small, usually
scattered ; stamens many, disconnected, comparatively
elongated ; fruit usually one-seeded, indehiscent.
Lhotzkya. 1160
Lobes of the calyx ending in a long bristlet.
Shrubs, from dwarf to tall ; leaves very small, scattered ;
stamens many, disconnected, comparatively elongated ;
fruit usually very narrow, one-seeded, indehiscent.
Calycothrix. 1161
Victorian Plants. 53
SALICARIEAE.
Petals conspicuous.
Herbs, from dwarf to tall ; calyx elongated, much streaked,
of somewhat herbaceous texture. Lythrum. 1162
Petals minute or absent.
Herbs always small: calyx abbreviated, membranous.
Ammaxmia. 1163
ONAGREAE.
263. Lobes of calyx deciduous.
Herbs or somewhat shrubby plants; petals four, usually
pink; fruit very narrow, much elongated, opening from
the summit downwards into four valves; seeds terminated
by long hairlets. Epilobium. 1164
Lobes of calyx persistent.
Herbs or rarely shrubs; petals four or five, yellow or white;
fruit rather narrow and elongated, opening longitudinally;
seeds without terminal hairlets. Jussieua. 1165
RHA1VXNACEAE.
264. Branchlets and leaves opposite.
Spinescent shrubs ; leaves small or absent ; tube of the calyx
extended beyond the fruit ; petals minute or absent ;
stamens four or five, very short ; fruit small, dry.
Colletia. 1166
Branchlets and leaves scattered or the latter crowded 265
265. Anthers almost broader than long.
Shrubs, from dwarf to tall ; leaves seldom large ; tube of
the calyx extended beyond the fruit; petals minute,
always present ; stamens usually enclosed by the petals ;
fruit small, dry. Cryptandra. 1167
Anthers generally longer than broad.
Shrubs, less frequently trees ; leaves often rather large ;
tube of the calyx entirely adnate to the fruit; petals
minute or absent ; stamens rather long ; fruit small, dry.
Figure 61. Pomaderris. 1176
54 Key to the System of
VINIFERAE.
266. Stamens singly opposite to the petals.
Climbers, with evergreen or deciduous foliage and with
tendrils ; leaves simple or compound, but hardly ever
pinnate ; stamens disconnected ; ovulary usually two-
celled, with two ovules in each cell; fruit succulent.
Figure 26. (Genus the only one of the whole order).
Vitis. 1189
HALORACEAE.
267. Calyx present 268
Calyx absent 270
268. Fruit usually one-seeded.
Herbs or somewhat shrubby plants, always terrestrial;
leaves scattered, narrow, entire ; petals rather large, two
to four; stamens four to eight ; stigmas two to four; fruit
biangular or quadrangular; albument present.
Loudouia. 1190
Fruit two- or three- or four-seeded ... ... 269
269. Fruit finally seceding into fruitlets.
Herbs, partly or nearly submersed; leaves often divided into
very narrow segments ; petals never large, usually four in
the staminate flowers, generally none in the pistillate
flowers ; stamens two to eight ; stigmas two to four ; fruit
usually quadrangular ; albument present.
Myriophyllum. 1191
Fruit never seceding into fruitlets.
Herbs or somewhat shrubby plants, mostly terrestrial ;
leaves scattered or opposite, often denticulated ; petals
four, rarely three or two, seldom large; stamens eight,
rarely six or four ; stigmas four or much less often two ;
fruit usually quadrangular, rarely tri- or bi-angular;
albument present. Figure 55. Haloragis, 1197
270. Leaves small, undivided.
Herbs, often submersed ; leaves opposite or the uppermost
crowded, all quite entire ; bracteoles two ; sepals and
petals none ; stamen one ; stigmas two ; fruit compressed,
two- or four-lobed, indehiscent. Callitriche. 1208
Victorian Plants. 55
Leaves large, divided into numerous capillary segments.
Herbs, always submersed ; leaves whorled, their segments
repeatedly dichotomous ; involucre many-lobed ; sepals
and petals none ; stamens ten to twenty ; stigma one,
narrow, elongated ; fruit ellipsoid-ovate, one-seeded, in-
dehiscent ; albument absent. Ceratophyllum. 1209
ARALIACEAE.
271. Leaves always simple.
Shrubs, seldom arborescent ; vestiture consisting of starry
hairlets; leaves quite entire; petals contiguous before
expansion ; stamens five ; styles two ; fruits dry, much
compressed, always two-celled. Astrotricha. 1210
Leaves variously compound, rarely simple.
Shrubs or trees ; petals contiguous before expansion ;
stamens five ; styles two ; fruit usually succulent, com-
pressed, nearly always two-celled. Figure 62.
Panax. 1211
UTCLBELLIFERAE.
272. Fruit quite undivided, always one-seeded, but provided
with two styles.
Herbs; leaves often basal, seldom entire; umbels simple.
Actinotus. 1212
Fruit consisting of two cohering but at last seceding
fruitlets, each provided with a style, rarely one
fruitlet undeveloped ... ... ... ... ... 273
273. Leaves or their lobes jointed ... ... ... ... 274
Leaves or their lobes unjointed ... ... ..- 275
274. Umbels simple.
Small glabrous herb, somewhat creeping; leaves linear-
cylindrical, undivided, rather succulent; stamens and
pistils in the same flowers; oil-ducts of the fruit present.
Crantzia, 1213
Umbels compound.
Glabrous, odorous and perennial herbs ; leaves rigid ; stami-
nate and pistillate flowers mostly on distinct plants ;
ridglets of the fruit acutely prominent, those of the inner
margin sometimes expanded into a narrow membrane.
Figure 63. Aciphylla. 1214
56 Key to the System of
275. Umbels simple-. — ... ... ... ... 276
Umbels compound ... ... ... ... ... 280
276. Fruitlets dorsally compressed.
Small perennial herbs ; leaves all basal ; umbel-stalk elon-
gated ; fruitlets from dorsal impression almost hollowed
in a direction contrary to the styles, narrowly connate ;
ridglets (vittae) smooth; oil-ducts absent or rudimentary.
Huanaca. 1215
Fruitlets laterally compressed or turgid .... ... 277
277. Calyx usually with five terminal lobes or denticles.
Perennial herbs, not rarely tufted; apex of petals straight;
fruit turgid, the fruitlets often only narrowly coherent;
oil-ducts of fruit present. Azorella. 1216
Corolla usually without any conspicuous terminal lobes
or denticles ... ... ... ... ... ... 278
278. Oil-ducts of fruit present.
Perennial herbs ; leaves simply or doubly pinnatisected,
the segments very small and mostly incised ; fruitlets
broadly coherent; ridglets smooth. Oreomyrrhis. 1218
Oil-ducts of fruit absent 279
279. Involucral bracts few or absent.
Annual or perennial herbs, never tall; leaves mostly
scattered or basal; stipules present, upwards free or quite
adnate; flowerstalks often abbreviated ; flowers often
only partially fruit-bearing; petals usually contiguous
before expansion, their apex straight; fruits often only
moderately compressed, both fruitlets alike and smooth.
Hydrocotyle. 1219
Involucral bracts many, towards the base connate.
Annual or perennial herbs, not rarely tall ; leaves mostly
basal ; stipules absent ; flowerstalks often elongated ;
petals overlapping before expansion, apex of petals
straight ; fruit often almost flat or much compressed,
usually rough, narrowly and shortly coherent ; one of the
fruitlets not rarely undeveloped or dissimilar.
Didiscus. 1228
Victorian Plants. 57
280. Fruit-ridglets almost or quite smooth ... ... 281
Fruit-ridglets very rough ... ... ... ... 285
281. Calyx without any conspicuous terminal lobes or
denticles 282
Calyx with five conspicuous terminal lobes or denticles 283
282. Oil-ducts of fruit absent or rudimentary.
Herbs or shrubs; stipules absent; leaves not rarely entire
and rigid, sometimes rudimentary ; petals contiguous
before expansion ; fruit often only slightly compressed,
generally somewhat rough. Trachymene. 1231
Oil-ducts of fruit conspicuously present.
Glabrous and odorous herbs, not rarely rather succulent ;
leaves lobed or simply or repeatedly dissected; umbels
usually opposite to the leaves; apex of petals inflexed;
fruit turgid ; fruit-axis undivided ; fruitlets broadly co-
herent. Apium. 1233
283. Oil-ducts of fruit absent.
Herbs or shrubs ; leaves rarely entire ; stipules absent ;
calyx-lobes often attached by a broad or dilated base;
apex of petals usually much inflexed ; fruit often con-
siderably compressed and somewhat bilobed at the base,
the fruitlets narrowly coherent. Xaiithosia. 1234
Oil-ducts of fruit present 284
284. Oil-ducts few in each fruitlet.
Herbs, often glabrous ; leaves simply or repeatedly dis-
sected ; apex of petals much inflexed ; fruit turgid ;
fruitlets broadly coherent. Seseli, 1238
Oil-ducts many in each fruitlet.
Glabrous herbs, often tall and semiaquatic ; leaves almost
simply pinnate, the leaflet-like segments large and den-
ticulated ; apex of petals much inflexed ; fruit slightly
compressed ; fruitlets narrowly coherent. Slum. 1239
285. Flowers compound-umbellate, supported by usually
flaccid not rarely divided bracts.
Herbs, mostly annual, usually beset with hairlets ; leaves
pinnatisected, the segments small ; calyx with five ter-
58 Key to the System of
minal lobes ; petals of the outer flowers often radiatingly
enlarged ; apex of petals inflexed ; fruit-ridglets rough
from short bristlets ; oil-ducts present. " Carrot."
Daucus. 1240
Flowers densely capitate or spicate, supported by
usually pungent bracts.
Annual or oftener perennial herbs or seldom shrubby or
even arborescent plants; color of the whole plant often
bluish; lobes of leaves generally spinulescent-pointed ;
calyx with five terminal rigid lobes ; apex of petals
much inflexed ; fruit turgid, papillular-rough.
Lum. 1241
CUCURBITACEAE.
286. Fruit many-seeded, usually smooth.
Tendrils undivided; lobes of the corolla five, entire; stamens
five, one free, two and two connate ; fruit never large.
Figure 77. Melothria. 1242
Fruit one-seeded, usually prickly.
Tendrils divided ; lobes of the corolla five, entire ; stamens
all connate; pistillate flowers devoid of bracts; fruit very
small. Sycios. 1243
FASSXFLORBAE.
287. Disk usually produced into numerous whorled thread-
like segments and into a circular prolongation.
Climbers or twiners, producing tendrils ; leaves scattered,
often lobed ; flowers large ; calyx- tube short ; calyx-
lobes petal-like ; petals and stamens usually five ; style
three-cleft, connate with the stamens ; fruit on a stalk-
like extension (gynophore), succulent. "Passionflower."
Passiflora. 1244
LORANTHACEAE.
288. Staminate and pistillate flowers distinct.
Flowers minute ; anthers bursting transversely; style unde-
veloped. Notothixos- 1245
Stamens as well as the pistil in the same flowers.
Flowers large ; anthers bursting longitudinally ; style de-
veloped. Figure 66. Loranthus. 1246
Victorian Plants. 59
PROTEACEAE.
289. One of the anthers perfect, two imperfect, the fourth
sterile, all at first united.
Shrubs or half-shrubs ; leaves constantly entire ; flowers
usually in short spikes, each supported by a bract ; stalk
of the inflorescence generally much elongated ; corolla
mostly bluish, its lobes often unequal ; fruit indehiscent,
dry, broadly obverse-conical, the terminal hairlets forming
a ciliolar tuft. Figure 67. Conospernrum. 1250
All four anthers alike and quite disunited ... ... 290
290. Fruit indehiscent 291
Fruit dehiscent 293
291. Fruit beset with soft hairlets, the uppermost of them
forming a terminal ciliolar tuft.
Shrubs from dwarf to tall ; leaves entire or lobed ; flowers
crowded head-like or cylindrically ; lobes of the corolla
alike and equally spreading ; stigma always terminal ;
bracts somewhat indurating, finally deciduous ; fruit dry,
broadly obverse -conical. Isopogoii. 1252
Fruit without any ciliolar tuft ... ... ... 292
292. Fruit dry.
Shrubs from dwarf to tall ; leaves entire or lobed ; flowers
solitary or two or few together, each within a small
involucre of few or several bracts ; lobes of the corolla
almost alike and equally spreading ; stigma always ter-
minal ; fruit ellipsoid. Adeiiaiithos. 1253
Fruit outside succulent.
Shrubs or half-shrubs, rarely trees ; leaves always entire ;
corolla constantly yellow, its lobes alike and equally
spreading ; flowers solitary and axillary or forming short
racemes, unprovided with involucral bracts ; stamens in-
serted near the middle of the petals. Figure 68.
Persoonia. 1254
293. Fruit-valves almost crustaceous ... ... ... 294
Fruit-valves almost ligneous ... ... ... ... 297
60 Key to the System of
294. Inflorescence surrounded by an involucre of large
bracts.
Shrubs or small trees ; leaves entire or somewhat indented ;
flowers large, headlike-crowded ; lobes of the corolla
unilaterally revolute ; stigma lateral ; fruit rather large,
many-seeded ; seeds terminated by a large membranous
appendage. "Waratah." Figure 72. Telopea. 1264
One small bract for every two flowers ... ... 295
295. Seeds several in each fruit.
Shrubs, sometimes trees even tall ; leaves denticulated or
lobed ; flowers in racemes ; lobes of the corolla uni-
laterally revolute; seeds terminated by a large mem-
branous appendage. Lomatia. 1265
Seeds two in each fruit ... ... ... ... 296
296. Seeds terminated by a large pale membrane.
Shrubs, much less frequently trees ; leaves entire or lobed ;
flowers forming spikes; lobes of the corolla alike and
equally spreading. Figure 69. Orites. 1267
Seeds devoid of any large terminal membrane.
Shrubs from dwarf to tall, less frequently trees ; leaves
entire or lobed ; flowers often in racemes, not rarely in
umbel-like fascicles, seldom only in separate-axillary
pairs ; lobes of the corolla usually unilaterally revolute ;
stigma oftener lateral than terminal ; seeds brown or
rather pale, their marginal membrane usually narrow,
pale and extending equally around or absent. Figure 70.
Grevillea. 1268
297. Fruits distinct.
Shrubs from dwarf to tall, rarely trees; leaves entire or
lobed ; flowers often axillary and forming umbel-like
fascicles, rarely in racemes; lobes of the corolla usually
unilaterally revolute; stigma often terminal; fruit two-
seeded ; seeds usually black and terminated by a large
somewhat black membrane. Figure 71. Kakea. 1286
Fruits crowded headlike or oftener cylindrically.
Shrubs or trees; leaves entire or indented; lobes of the
corolla long- coherent at the summit ; style curved at first
or permanently, wiry, early protruding ; stigma always
terminal; each fruit of the almost strobilaceous mass
two-seeded, the seeds separated by a spurious upwards
bilaminated finally deciduous dissepiment. Figure 73.
Banksia. 1297
Victorian Plants. 61
SANTALACEAE.
298. Fruit beyond its base free from the calyx.
Shrubs or trees ; leaves usually scattered and often minute ;
flowers extremely small ; fruit dry ; stalklet succulent,
berry-like. Figure 65. Exocarpos. 1301
Fruit high-adnate to the calyx ... 299
299. Leaves comparatively large, usually opposite.
Shrubs or small seldom large trees ; flowers rather large,
corolla generally four-lobed; the lobes high-colored inside ;
anthers opening by longitudinal slits; fruit comparatively
large, outside often succulent, inside of bony hardness.
Santalum. 1306
Leaves small or minute, scattered ... ... ... 300
300. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits ... ... 301
Anthers opening by terminal slits ... ... 302
301. Stamens and pistil usually within the same flowers.
Herbs or half shrubs, not rarely of a pale or yellowish
hue, parasitic on the roots of other plants; leaves scattered
or some basal, always small and often narrow, seldom
rudimentary; flowers minute; calyx-tube extended beyond
the fruit, usually five-lobed ; fruit minute, dry.
Thesium. 1308
Stamens and pistil usually in separate flowers on
distinct plants.
Leafless shrub ; flowers minute, those bearing pistils
solitarily scattered ; fruit succulent.
Omphacomeria. 1309
302. Each flower supported by two or three or four bracts.
Shrubs ; leaves rudimentary or absent ; flowers minute ;
lobes of the corolla five, alternating with denticular
rudiments of calyx-lobes; anthers four-lobed; fruit rather
small, dry. Figure 64. Choretrum. 1310
Each flower supported by one bract.
Shrubs ; leaves rudimentary or absent ; flowers minute ;
lobes of the corolla four or five; anthers two-lobed; fruit
rather small, often succulent. Iieptomeria. 1313
62 Key to the System of
RUBXACZSAE.
303. Fruits connate 304
Fruits distinct 306
304. Fruits succulent.
Shrubs or woody climbers or trees ; lobes of the corolla
usually five, contiguous before expansion ; stigmas gene-
rally elongated ; fruits connate into a globular mass.
Morinda. 1314
Fruits dry 305
305. Fruit-masses irregularly crowded into headlets.
Herbs ; leaves opposite ; odor very unpleasant ; stigmas
elongated ; fruit-masses opening by a lid.
Opercularia. 1315
Fruit-masses and their stalks forming umbels.
Herb ; leaves opposite ; stigmas elongated ; fruit-masses
bellshaped-obconical, opening by a lid. Pomax. 1319
306. Fruits succulent.
Shrubs, sometimes diminutive or dwarf herbs ; leaves oppo-
site ; flowers in clusters or solitary ; stamens and pistils
often in separate flowers ; stigmas elongated.
Coprosma. 1320
Fruits dry 307
307. Corolla of the staminate or of all flowers with a well
developed tube.
Weak herbs ; leaves generally whorled, rarely opposite ;
stigmas minute ; fruit small, bilobed, indehiscent. Figure
75. Asperula. 1325
Corolla constantly without any conspicuous tube.
Weak herbs; leaves whorled; stigmas minute; fruit small,
bilobed, indehiscent. Galium. 1326
CAFH,IFOLIAC£AE.
308. Corolla equally three- to five-lobed, its tube short.
Herbs or shrubs ; leaves opposite, pinnate ; flowers in
compound corymbous or cymous bunches ; stamens three
to five ; stigmas three, sessile ; fruit small, succulent.
"Elder." Figure 76. Sambucus. 1327
Victorian Plants. 63
COIMFOSITAE.
309. Corollas of all the flowers from a tubular base flatly
expanded (ligulate). (Also many immigrated weeds.)
Herbs with somewhat tuberous roots ; leaves all basal,
denticulated or lobed ; headlet of flowers singly ter-
minal ; involucre rather large, but comparatively narrow;
corollas all yellow ; pappus-bristlets flattened, much
pointed. Microseris. 1328
Corollas of all the flowers tubular to near the summit,
or corollas of the marginal flowers from a tubular
base flatly expanded (ligulate), forming a corollar,
not an involucral, ray to the flower-headlet, the rest
of the flowers tubular to near the summit ... ... 310
310. Fruit very inequilateral, almost dimidiated.
Perennial herb, never large ; leaves basal, broad, indented
or incised ; involucral bracts in more than two rows ;
marginal flowers uniseriate, their corollas from a tubular
base flatly expanded ; corollas of the rest of the flowers
tubular to near the summit, of all flowers yellow; pappus
absent or its bristlets abbreviated. Cymbonotus. 1329
Fruit almost or quite equilateral ... ... ... 311
311. Leaves all or mostly opposite. (Exception: Glossogyne
partly) ... 312
Leaves scattered or basal ... ... ... ... 316
312. Corollas of all the flowers tubular to near the summit.
Herbs, mostly annual ; leaves rather or quite broad, in-
dented ; flower-headlets small, paniculated ; involucral
bracts herbaceous ; pappus-bristlets three to five, hair-
like, rigid, glandular-tipped. Adenostemma. 1330
Corollas of the marginal flowers from a tubular base
flatly expanded, the rest of the flowers tubular to
near the summit ... ... ... ... ... 313
313. Pappus consisting of spinules... ... ... ... 314
Pappus absent or rudimentary ... ... ... 315
64 Key to the System of
314. Marginal flowers bearing imperfect fruits.
Herbs ; leaves broad, indented or incised or pinnatisected ;
involucral bracts nearly herbaceous, broadish, in about
two rows ; very small bracts between all the flowers ;
marginal flowers uniseriate, their corollas forming a yel-
lowish or whitish ray ; pappus consisting of two to four
rough spinules. Bidens. 1331
Marginal flowers also bearing perfect fruits.
Herbs ; leaves mostly basal, often dissected ; involucral
bracts nearly herbaceous, narrow, in about two rows ;
marginal flowers uniseriate, forming a yellowish ray ;
very small bracts between all the flowers ; pappus con-
sisting of two rough spinules. Glossogyne. 1332
315. Involucral bracts almost equal.
Leaves rather broad ; involucral bracts nearly herbaceous,
in about two rows ; marginal flowers uniseriate ; very
small bracts between all the flowers. (Transferable to
Wedelia.) Figure 87. Eclipta. 1333
Involucral bracts very unequal.
Leaves rather broad ; involucral bracts almost herbaceous,
in about two rows, the outer narrow-spatular, the inner
nearly ovate ; marginal flowers uniseriate ; very small
bracts between all the flowers. Siegesbeckia. 1334
316. Corollas all purplish. (Also those of some Asters) ... 317
Corollas all or some yellowish ... ... ... 319
317. Bracts between the flowers present.
Rather tall but not woody plants ; leaves scattered, some
basal, usually pinnate-lobed ; headlet of flowers large,
singly terminal ; involucral bracts in several rows, almost
scarious, orbicular and jagged towards the summit;
bristlet-like bracts copious between the flowers ; corollas
all tubular to near the summit ; pappus-bristlets slightly
plumous. (Centaurea partly). iLeuzea. 1335
Bracts between the flowers absent ... ... ... 318
318. Flowers within each involucre all of one form.
Herbs or shrubs ; leaves scattered ; headlets of flowers
small, almost paniculated ; involucral bracts in several
rows ; corollas all tubular to near the summit ; pappus-
bristlets in two rows, the outer minute. Vernonia. 1336
Victorian Plants. 65
Flowers within each involucre of two forms.
Shrubs or half -shrubs ; leaves scattered ; involucral bracts
almost herbaceous, in several rows ; central flowers within
each headlet with less slender corollas than those of the
marginal flowers, also less fertile, or both kinds of flowers
sometimes in distinct headlets ; corollas all tubular to near
the summit ; pappus-bristlets in one row. Pluchea. 1337
319. Involucral bracts in more than one row ... ... 320
Involucral bracts in one row ... ... ... ... 361
320. Corollas of the marginal flowers from a tubular base
flatly expanded. (Also Podolepis partly) ... ... 321
Corollas of all the flowers tubular to near the summit 327
321. Pappus elongated ... ... ... ... ... 322
Pappus abbreviated or absent 326
322. Pappus consisting partly or wholly of spinules.
Herbs ; leaves basal and often also scattered, seldom dis-
sected ; involucral bracts almost herbaceous ; ligulate
flowers uniseriate, their corollas forming a bluish or
whitish or yellowish ray ; pappus consisting of two or
often more spinules, with or oftener without intervening
scale-like segments ; fruits angular. Figure 80.
Calotis. 1338
Pappus consisting of hair-like bristlets or partly of
bristlets and partly of scale-like segments ... ... 323
323. Pappus consisting partly of bristlets and partly of
scale-like segments.
Herbs or somewhat shrubby plants ; leaves scattered, always
narrow ; involucral bracts almost herbaceous, narrow, in
few rows ; ligulate flowers pluriseriate, their corollas
forming a whitish or bluish or less frequently a yellowish
ray ; fertile fruits compressed, circumferential ; scale-like
segments of the pappus often only rudimentary. Figure 79.
Minuria. 1348
Pappus consisting of hair-like bristlets exclusively ... 324
p
Key to the System of
324. Involucral bracts in about two rows of nearly equal
length.
Usually herbaceous plants; leaves scattered, some basal;
marginal flowers pluriseriate, their corollas narrowly
expanding and forming a bluish or whitish ray ; fruits
much compressed ; bristlets of pappus in one or two rows,
the outer often much shortened. Erigeron. 1351
Involucral bracts in more than two rows, unequal in
length 325
325. Marginal ligulate flowers mostly pluriseriate.
Half-shrubs or small shrubs, flowering in an early and then
herbaceous state ; leaves scattered ; rows of involucral
bracts few or several ; corollas of the marginal flowers
forming a whitish or bluish ray ; fruits much compressed ;
bristlets of pappus usually in more than two rows.
Vittadinia. 1353
Marginal ligulate flowers mostly uniseriate.
Herbs, shrubs or seldom trees ; leaves scattered, rarely
opposite or clustered ; rows of involucral bracts few or
several ; corollas of the marginal flowers forming a whitish
or bluish ray ; fruits cylindrical or variously compressed ;
bristlets of pappus in one or two rows, the outer much
shortened. Figure 81. Aster. 1354
326. Fruits truncated.
Herbs, never very tall ; involucral bracts of nearly equal
height (length) in about two rows; no bracts between the
flowers ; ligulate flowers uniseriate ; pappus very short
or obliterated. Bracliycome. 1383
Fruits terminated by a cylindric prolongation.
Herbs, never very tall ; leaves conspicuously indented ;
involucral bracts unequal, in few or several rows ;
ligulate flowers uniseriate ; fruits of the central flowers
remaining undeveloped. Lagenophora. 1406
327. Flower-headlets distinct, without a general receptacle 328
Flower-headlets crowded into a dense cluster on a
general receptacle — — — ••• ... 351
328. Involucral bracts herbaceous ... 329
Involucral bracts scarious ... ... .... ... 337
Victorian Plants. 67
329. Pappus absent or rudimentary ... ... ... 330
Pappus present and perfect ... ... ... ... 334
330. Leaves basal or tufted 331
Leaves scattered ... ... ... ... 332
331. Stigmas somewhat elongated, pointed.
Small herbs ; leaves slightly indented. ; involucral bracts
almost equal, in about two rows ; marginal flowers
pluriseriate, their corollas unexpanding ; fruits hardly
attenuated at the apex, those of the central flowers re-
maining undeveloped. Figure 78.
(Lagenophora partly.) Solenogyne. 1407
Stigmas much abbreviated, blunt.
Small creeping or tufted alpine herbs ; leaves entire, often
short; flower-headlets often sessile ; involucral bracts in
two or three rows; fruit quadrangular. Figure 89.
Abrotanella. 1408
332. Corollas of marginal flowers absent or rudimentary.
Small herbs ; flower-headlets very often small, always
stalked ; involucral bracts in about two rows ; fruit
compressed. Cotula. 1409
Corolla of marginal flowers present and perfect ... 333
333. Involucral bracts in about two rows.
Small herbs; leaves denticulated; flower-headlets very often
axillary, nearly or quite sessile, small; corollas of the mar-
ginal flowers minute ; fruits triangular or quadrangular.
Figure 88. Centipeda. 1414
Involucral bracts in more than two rows.
Small herbs ; leaves denticulated ; flower-headlets small,
axillary, or a few together terminal, sessile or short-
stalked ; fruits pluriangular. Figure 82. Epaltes. 1416
334. Pappus consisting of scales.
Small annual herb ; leaves very narrow, entire ; flower-
headlets singly terminal ; involucral braets almost bi-
seriate, slightly scarious; pappus-scales narrow-lanceolar.
Elachanthus. 1417
Pappus consisting of bristlets 335
68 Key to the System of
335. Staminate and pistillate flowers on distinct plants;
pappus on staminate flowers only.
Rather small herb ; leaves narrowly .lanceolar- elliptical,
denticulated ; flower-headlets small, somewhat crowded
in panicles. Ethuliopsis. 1418
Staminate and pistillate flowers on the same plant and
within the same involucre ; pappus on all the flowers 336
336. Pappus-bristlets plumous, dilated.
Annual herbs ; leaves narrow, entire ; flower-headlets elon-
gated ; fruits on very short stalklets. (Podotheca).
Fodosperma, 1419
Pappus-bristlets simply hair-like.
Herbs or half-shrubs ; leaves entire; involucral bracts
narrow; flower-headlets terminal. Ixiolaena. 1420
337. Corollas of the marginal flowers much enlarged, some-
times ligulate.
Erect herbs ; leaves entire ; marginal flowers uniseriate,
their corollas forming a yellowish rarely purplish or
whitish ray ; fruit equally cylindrical; pappus con-
sisting of hair-like bristlets. Podolepis, 1421
Corollas of the marginal flowers equal to the others
or narrower ... . ... ... ... ... 338
338. Bracts between the flowers ... ... ... ... 339
No bracts between the flowers ... ... ... 341
339. Pappus conspicuous, consisting of hair-like bristlets.
Shrubs, seldom herbs ; leaves entire ; involucral bracts in
several rows, often small, all appressed ; flower-headlets
small. Figure 84. Cassinia. 1427
Pappus rudimentary or absent ... ... ... 340
340. Pappus none.
Viscid, shrubby plant; leaves narrow, entire, somewhat
decurrent; headlets of flowers crowded; involucral bracts
in several rows, rather broad, sticky, the upper from their
white expansipn forming a ray. Ixodia. 1431
Victorian Plants.
Pappus consisting of a circular somewhat denticulated
membrane.
Herbaceous plants, beset with a whitish tomentum of hair-
lets ; leaves rather broadish, entire, much decurrent ;
headlets of flowers singly terminating the stem or
branches ; involucral bracts in several rows, rather broad,
dry, the upper often from their white expansion forming
a ray. Ammobium, 1432
341. Pappus consisting of hair-like or plumous bristlets ... 342
Pappus consisting of scale-like segments or absent ... 349
342. Pappus-bristlets plumous ... ... 343
Pappus-bristlets hair-like 344
343. Involucral bracts very narrow, hair-like pointed.
Herbaceous or somewhat shrubby plants ; leaves entire ;
flower-headlets on long stalks. Atlirixia. 1433
Involucral bracts rather or quite broad.
Herbs or half-shrubs, seldom shrubs ; leaves entire ; invo-
lucral bracts dry and transparent or shining, in several
rows, often some rather petal-like. Helipterum. 1434
344. Flower-headlets of one kind ... 345
Flower-headlets of two kinds and on distincts plants 348
345. Inner involucral bracts usually petal-like, spreading... 346
All involucral bracts usually scale-like, appressed ... 347
346. Fruits truncated or hardly attenuated towards the
summit.
From small herbs to tall shrubs ; leaves broad or narrow,
entire ; involucral bracts in several rows ; often some
rather petal-like. Helichrysum. 1445
Fruits narrowly attenuated towards the summit.
Herbaceous plants, mostly annual ; leaves always narrow,
entire ; involucral bracts in several rows* often some
petal-like ; flower-headlets rather large ; pappus-bristlets
(in the Victorian species) rough. Waitzia. 1465
70 Key to the System of
347. Marginal flowers with very slender corolla few ; fruits
pointed.
Herbs, mostly perennial ; leaves narrow, entire ; flower-
headlets on long stalks ; involucral bracts in many rows ;
fruits narrowly attenuated towards the summit ; pappus-
bristlets hair-like, rough or somewhat plumous.
Leptorrhynchos. 1466
Marginal flowers with very slender corolla numerous;
fruits blunt.
Always herbaceous plants ; leaves scattered or at the root
crowded, entire ; headlets never large ; pappus-bristlets
uniseriate. Gnaphalium. 1472
348. Headlets with staminate flowers and headlets with
fertile pistillate flowers on distinct plants.
Herbs, often tufted ; leaves entire ; flower-headlets often
crowded ; staminate and pistillate flowers entirely in
distinct headlets ; bristlets of the pappus thickened at
the apex. Antennaria. 1476
Staminate flowers prevailing in the one kind of head-
lets, fertile pistillate flowers predominating in the
other.
Herbs, often tufted ; leaves entire ; uppermost involucral
bracts forming a short ray. Figure 83.
. Leontopodiuin. 1477
349. Upper involucral bracts much pointed and recurved
at the summit.
Small annual herb ; leaves roundish, conspicuously stalked,
entire ; flower-headlets crowded amongst floral leaves ;
involucral bracts in a few rows ; pappus absent.
Stuartina. 1478
Involucral bracts all appressed or slightly spreading... 350
350. Pappus consisting of scale-like segments.
Small herbs ; leaves scattered, entire ; flower-headlets
terminal, solitary or crowded. Rutidosis. 1479
Pappus absent.
Shrubby or herbaceous plants ; leaves scattered, entire ;
involucral bracts in several rows ; flower-headlets
paniculated. Figure 85. Hnmea. 1482
Victorian Plants. 71
351. Universal involucre absent or much reduced... ... 352
Universal involucre conspicuous ... ... ... 356
352. Pappus consisting of plumous bristlets.
Almost herbaceous or shrubby plants ; leaves scattered or
opposite, narrow, entire ; no bracts between the flowers.
Calocephalus. 1484
Pappus absent or rudimentary or consisting of dilated
hairlets or of scale-like segments ... ... ... 353
353. General receptacle of inflorescence elongated.
Small herbs ; leaves mostly scattered, entire, narrow ;
ultimate involucres compressed, each consisting of very
few bracts ; no bracts between the flowers.
Angianthus. 1487
General receptacle of inflorescence depressed or abbre-
viated 354
354. Ultimate flower-headlets much compressed.
Herbaceous plants, generally small, rarely shrubs ; leaves
scattered or crowded, entire ; bracts of the ultimate
involucres few ; no bracts between the flowers.
SJdrrophoms. 1491
Ultimate flower-headlets hardly compressed ... ... 355
355. Ultimate flower-headlets with one or two or very few
flowers.
Small herbs ; leaves scattered, entire ; bracts forming the
ultimate involucres several, the inner broader and
fugacious. Guephosis. 1492
Ultimate flower-headlets with many flowers.
Small annual herb ; leaves narrow, entire ; flower-headlets
involved in woolly hairlets. Erioclllainys. 1493
356. Pappus rudimentary or absent ... ... ... 357
Pappus conspicuous ... ... ... ... ... 359
72 Key to the System of
357. Bracts between the flowers.
Small, annual herb; leaves entire; clusters of flower-headlets
mostly radical. Chtlionocephalus, 1494
No bracts between the flowers ... ... ... 358
358. Ultimate headlets one-flowered.
Small, annual herb ; leaves mostly radical, upwards very
narrow, entire, broadly clasping at the base ; clusters
of flower-headlets almost radical. Hyalolepis. 1495
Ultimate headlets many-flowered.
Small, annual, glabrous herb; leaves basal, upwards very
narrow; flower-headlets radical, surrounded by very
narrow leaves; involucral bracts almost biseriate, partly
herbaceous ; pappus of perfect fruits consisting of scales.
Isoetopsis. 1496
359. General receptacle depressed or abbreviated.
Small, annual herb; leaves scattered, entire, the uppermost
crowded around the clusters of flower-headlets ; bracts
surrounding the clusters of flower-headlets few, foliaceousj
pappus consisting of five elastic and plumous bristlets.
Gnaphalodes, 1497
General receptacle elongated ... ... ... 360
360. No bracts between the flowers.
Rather tall herbaceous plant; leaves entire, scattered; bracts
surrounding the clusters of flower-headlets numerous, their
large white appendages forming rays. Figure 86.
(Myriocephalus partly.*) Polycalymma. 1498
Bracts between the flowers.
Herbaceous plants, never dwarf ; leaves scattered or near
the root crowded, entire ; universal involucre much ex-
ceeded by the flower-headlets ; pappus consisting of
plumous bristlets. Craspedia, 1499
361. Pappus absent.
Minute annuals ; leaves scattered, entire ; involucral bracts
almost herbaceous ; flowers few in each headlet ; fruits
attenuated towards the summit. Toxaiitlius. 1502
Pappus present ... ». — ... ... 362
Victorian Plants. 73
362. Pappus-bristlets ciliated or plumous.
Small annual herbs ; leaves scattered, narrow, entire ; in-
volucral bracts almost herbaceous, of nearly equal height
(length) ; flower-headlets small, terminal ; fruits very nar-
rowly attenuated towards the summit. Millotia. 1503
Pappus-bristlets hair-like, almost smooth ... ... 363
363. Corollas of the marginal flowers thinner than those of
the central flowers, never flatly expanding.
Herbs, usually rather tall ; leaves scattered or near the
root crowded ; marginal flowers without stamens, exceed-
ingly thin. Erechtites. 1504
Corollas of the marginal flowers alike to those of the
central flowers or flatly expanding.
Herbs, less commonly shrubs, rarely small trees ; leaves
scattered or near the root crowded ; flower-headlets ter-
minal, seldom axillary ; marginal flowers often forming a
ray. Figure 90. Senecio. 1507
CANDOLLEACEAE.
364. Connected stamens and style folded back when quies-
cent, arising suddenly and becoming straight on being
touched; minute fifth corolla-lobe immovable.
Annual or perennial herbs ; leaves very seldom denticulated,
never lobed ; color of corolla various, seldom blue.
Figure 92. (Stylidium.) Candollea. 1521
Connected stamens and style erect, immovable ; minute
fifth corolla-lobe reflected when quiescent, arising
suddenly on touch.
Annual herbs, generally minute ; leaves entire ; corolla
often white. Figure 93. LeeuwenhoeMa. 1525
CABXFANUXiACEAX:.
365. Lobes of the corolla equal.
Usually herbs, with whitish sap ; anthers disconnected ;
corolla often blue. "Bell-flower." Wahlenbergia. 1526
Lobes of the corolla unequal ... ... 366
74 Key to the System of
366. Tube of the corolla entire.
Always herbs, with whitish acrid sap ; anthers connected ;
corolla often blue. Isotoma. 1527
Tube of the corolla slit unilaterally.
Usually herbs, with whitish acrid sap ; anthers connected ;
corolla often blue. Figure 91. Lobelia. 1528
COODENXACEAE.
367. Tube of the corolla entire.
Herb ; flowers headlike-crowded ; corolla blue ; lobes of the
corolla without expanding membranes ; anthers connate ;
fruit dry, minute, free from the enclosing calyx-tube,
indehiscent. Bruiionia. 1539
Tube of the corolla unilateraUy slit 368
368. Anthers connate.
Herbs or small shrubs ; calyx small-lobed or lobeless ;
corolla often blue, its lobes provided with expanding
membranes ; fruit dry, indehiscent. Dampiera. 1540
Anthers disconnected ... ... ... ... ... 369
369. Fruit beyond its base free from the calyx.
Herbs or seldom half -shrubs ; calyx usually divided into
sepals ; corolla often yellow ; lobes of the corolla provided
with expanding membranes; fruit dry, dehiscent. Figure
95. Velleya. 1544
Fruit completely connate with the calyx ... ... 370
370. Lobes of the corolla unprovided with expanding mem-
branes.
Succulent herb ; corolla somewhat whitish or slightly purp-
lish ; calyx lobed ; corolla-lobes unilateral ; fruit suc-
culent, hardly dehiscent, few-seeded. Selliera. 1546
Lobes of the corolla provided with expanding mem-
branes ... ... - ... ... ... ... .371
Victorian Plants. 75
371. Fruit indehiscent.
Herbs or shrubs; corolla often blue; calyx lobed or lobeless;
lobes of the corolla generally all bent downward in one
set ; fruit succulent or dry, usually two-seeded.
Scaevola. 1547
Fruit dehiscent.
Herbs or shrubs ; corolla often yellow ; calyx always lobed ;
lobes of the corolla generally forming an upper and lower
set ; fruit usually many-seeded. Figure 94.
Goodenia. 1554
GENTIANEAE.
372. Lobes of corolla with expanding membranes.
Floating or semiaquatic plants; leaves scattered or crowded,
often cordate ; tube of corolla wide.
Limnanthemum. 1569
Lobes of corolla without any expanding membranes ... 373
373. Anthers soon twisted.
Annual or perennial herbs ; stem-leaves opposite ; tube of
corolla often narrow ; fruit one-celled. Erythraea. 1571
Anthers remaining straight ... ... ... ... 374
374. Fruit two-celled.
Annual herbs ; stem-leaves opposite ; tube of corolla often
narrow. Figure 96. Sebaea, 1572
Fruit one-celled.
Annual or perennial herbs ; leaves generally lined by longi-
tudinal prominent venules; stem-leaves constantly op-
posite; tube of corolla often wide. Gentiana. 1573
JAS1VIINEAE.
375. Corolla divided into usually five or more lobes.
Usually climbers or twiners; leaves simple, trifoliolate or
pinnate ; flowers comparatively large, particularly fra-
grant ; lobes of the corolla overlapping before expansion ;
stamens enclosed in the narrow tube of the corolla ; fruit
when well developed bilobed, often succulent.
Jasminum. 1574
76 Key to the System of
Corolla constantly divided into two pairs of petals.
Trees or erect shrubs ; leaves always simple ; flowers com-
paratively small ; petals contiguous before expansion ;
fruit lobeless, often succulent. Figure 100.
Notelaea. 1575
X.OGANXACEAE.
376. Lobes of corolla constantly four.
Always herbs, often small ; leaves usually tender ; corolla
whitish, rarely yellow ; styles two, nearly always connate
at the summit. Mitrasacme. 1576
Lobes of corolla usually five.
Mostly shrubs ; leaves usually firm; corolla whitish ; style
one. Figure 97. Logania. 1581
FX.ANTAGXNEAX:.
377. Flowers in elongated or abbreviated spikes.
Usually herbs; leaves often lined by prominent longitudinal
venules ; flowers minute ; stamens and pistils generally
but variously developed in all the flowers. " Rib-herb."
Figure 98. PlantagO. 1584
SOLANACEAE.
378. Fruit succulent, indehiscent ... ... ... ... 379
Fruit dry, longitudinally dehiscent ... ... ... 380
379. Corolla with a wide tube.
Herbs or shrubs or rarely small trees, very seldom climbers;
corolla-lobes folded inward before expansion ; stamens
five, equal. Figure 103. Solanum. 1586
Corolla with a narrow tube.
Shrubs or rarely small trees, not seldom spinescent; corolla-
lobes overlapping before expansion ; stamens four or five,
equal. Lycium. 1593
380. Corolla with a narrow tube.
Herbs or shrubs or rarely small trees; corolla-lobes folded
inward before expansion; stamens five, somewhat unequal.
Nicotiana. 1594
Corolla with a wide tube.
Shrubs or rarely small trees; corolla-lobes folded inward
before expansion; stamens four, very unequal.
Anthocercis. 1595
Victorian Plants. 77
FRIlVItJLACEAE.
381. Fruit high-connate with the calyx.
Herbs or somewhat shrubby plants ; leaves entire, those of
the stem scattered j fruit longitudinally dehiscent.
Samolus. 1596
Fruit beyond its base free from the calyx ... ... 382
382. Fruit longitudinally dehiscent.
Herbs, mostly perennial; leaves scattered or opposite or
whorled, entire. Lysimachia. 1597
Fruit transversely dehiscent.
Annual or perennial herbs, generally glabrous ; leaves
usually opposite, entire. Anagallis. 1598
MYRSINACBAE.
383. Leaves pervaded by pellucid dots or streaklets.
Evergreen shrubs or trees ; leaves scattered ; flowers small,
in axillary or lateral fascicles. Figure 99. Myrsine. 1599
EFACRIDEAE.
384. Fruit indehiscent 385
Fruit dehiscent ... ... ... ... ... 387
385. Lobes of corolla overlapping before expansion.
Shrubs, seldom tall ; leaves usually stalked, jointed to the
branchlets and finally deciduous ; outer portion of fruit
(pericarp) dry or succulent, hard inner portion (putamen)
entire. Brachyloma. 1600
Lobes of corolla contiguous before expansion... ... 386
386. Hard inner portion of fruit entire.
Half-shrubs or shrubs or rarely small trees ; leaves usually
stalked, jointed to the branchlets and finally deciduous ;
outer portion of fruit dry or succulent. Figure 110.
Styphelia. 1603
Hard inner portion of fruit separated or separable into
five to ten nutlets.
• Half-shrubs or shrubs or rarely small trees ; leaves usually
stalked, jointed to the branchlets and finally deciduous ;
outer .portion of fruit always succulent. Trochocarpa. 1634
78 Key to the System of
387. Leaves usually stalked, always jointed to the branch-
lets and at last completely deciduous.
Half-shrubs or shrubs ; leaves sessile or much oftener
stalked ; lobes of corolla overlapping before expansion ;
fruit dry. Epacris. 1635
Leaves clasping with unjointed decurrent and per-
sistent base 388
388. Lobes of the corolla expanding, conspicuous.
Half -shrubs or shrubs ; leaves tardily seceding by irregular
supra-basal rupture ; lobes of corolla contiguous before
expansion ; fruit dry. Sprengelia. 1645
Lobes of the corolla unexpanding, inconspicuous.
Shrubs or small palm-like trees ; leaves tardily seceding by
irregular supra-basal rupture ; corolla conical, the lobes
comparatively minute, almost permanently coherent ;
fruit dry. Bichea. 1646
ERICACEAE.
Fruit enclosed in the enlarging and finally succulent
calyx, bursting longitudinally.
Shrubs, often beset with rigid hairlets ; leaves generally
scattered ; calyx five-lobed ; corolla-lobes overlapping
before expansion ; stamens ten ; anthers ending upwards
in two narrow and bifid appendages. Gaulthiera. 1647
Fruit high-connate with the calyx, succulent, inde-
hiscent.
Evergreen, decumbent, somewhat shrubby plant, almost
glabrous ; leaves carnulent ; calyx five-lobed ; corolla-
lobes contiguous before expansion ; stamens five ; anthers
devoid of any appendages. Figure 109. Wittsteiuia. 1648
CONVOX.VUJLACEAE.
390. Leaves undeveloped.
Twining, parasitical; flowers comparatively small; style
divided ; fruit small, bursting transversely or irregularly.
Cuscuta. 1649
Leaves developed ... .« «- 391
Victorian Plants. 79
391. Style one.
Prostrate or twining ; flowers comparatively large ; stigmas
two, elongated ; fruit two-celled, usually four-seeded,
bursting by longitudinal slits ; seeds often glabrous.
Convolvulus. 1650
Styles two 392
392. Styles connate towards the base.
Prostrate or diffuse ; leaves very small, entire ; flowers
comparatively small ; stigmas globular ; fruit small, one-
or two-seeded. Wilsonia. 1652
Styles disconnected : ... 393
393. Fruit one-celled and one-seeded.
Prostrate or diffuse, never tall ; leaves very small, entire ;
flowers comparatively small ; stigmas globular ; fruit
small, bursting by longitudinal slits. Cressa. 1654
Fruit divided into two distinct fruitlets.
Prostrate ; flowers comparatively small ; fruit small, each
fruitlet provided with a separate style and bearing one
seed. Dichondra. 1655
ASCXiEFXADEAXS.
394. Leaves undeveloped.
Stems and branches succulent, often climbing ; dorsal ap-
pendages of the stamens very prominent ; pollen-masses
descendent ; fruitlets slender. Sarcostemma. 1656
Leaves developed ... ... ... ... ... 395
395. Dorsal appendages of the stamens depressed.
Stems and branches hard, usually twining ; pollen-masses
ascendent, often ovate-globular ; fruitlets slender.
Tylophora. 1657
Dorsal appendages of the stamens compressed ... 396
396. Fruitlets slender.
Stems and branches hard, usually twining ; pollen-masses
descendent, often clavate-ellipsoid. Figure 102.
Daemia. 1658
80 Key to the System of
Fruitlets turgid.
Stems and branches hard, usually twining ; pollen-masses
ascendent, often clavate- ellipsoid ; fruitlets often large,
usually only one developed. Marsdenia. 1659
AFOCYNEAE.
397. Erect shrubs.
Leaves opposite or whorled ; stamens enclosed in the corolla-
tube ; fruit abbreviated, when well developed consisting
of two succulent indehiscent simple or jointed fruitlets.
Alyxia. 1661
Woody twiners.
Leaves opposite ; stamens exserted from the corolla- tube ;
fruit much elongated, longitudinally dehiscent ; seeds
terminated by a tuft of long hairlets. Figure 101.
Lyonsia. 1662
ASFERIFOIiIAE.
398. Style cleft into two divisions.
Tall shrubs or oftener trees ; leaves comparatively large ;
anthers disconnected ; fruit undivided, smooth, four-
celled. Ehretia. 1663
Style undivided ... 399
399. Anthers longitudinally connate.
Dwarf shrubs or semiherbaceous plants ; flowers compara-
tively large ; anthers terminating in a narrow elongation ;
fruit seceding into two fruitlets ; fruitlets smooth, two-
celled and two-seeded. Figure 106. Halgauia. 1664
Anthers entirely or nearly disconnected ... 400
400. Fruit seceding into two fruitlets.
Always herbs, often small ; flowers in racemes, always very
small ; fruitlets erect, somewhat laterally fixed, wrinkled
or granular-rough. Rochelia. 1665
Fruit seceding into four fruitlets ... ... 401
401. Fruitlets depressed.
Always herbs, often rather large ; flowers in racemes ;
fruitlets beset with hooked minute asperities.
Cynoglossum. 1666
Fruitlets erect 402
Victorian Plants. 81
402. Fruitlets beset with hooked asperities.
Always herbs, often small ; flowers in racemes, always very
small ; fruitlets high-connate. Lappula. 1668
Fruitlets without any hooked asperities ... ... 403
403. Fruitlets fixed somewhat laterally.
Always herbs, often small ; flowers in racemes ; fruitlets
usually wrinkled. Eritrichuxn. 1669
Fruitlets fixed at the base only ... ... ... 404
404. Scale-like appendages at the base of the corolla-lobes
present.
Always herbs, often small ; racemes before flowering rolled
backward ; stigma unenlarged ; fruitlets smooth, shining.
"Forget-me-not." Myosotis. 1670
Scale-like appendages at the base of the corolla-lobes
absent.
Herbs or somewhat shrubby plants, rarely tall shrubs ;
flowers usually in spikes; anthers disconnected or coherent
at the summit ; stigma annular-enlarged ; fruitlets smooth,
coherent. Heliotr opium. 1671
Z.ABZATAE.
405. Calyx ending in five lobes or denticles ... ... 406
Calyx ending in two lobes ... ... ... ... 413
406. Lobes or denticles of the calyx unequal ... ... 407
Lobes or denticles of the calyx almost equal... ... 409
407. Pollen-bearing stamens two.
Herbs or shrubs ; leaves comparatively large ; calyx pro-
ducing three upper denticles or one upper lobe and two
lower lobes ; rudimentary stamens two or absent ; often
only one cell of the anthers perfect, both cells distant from
each other. "Sage." Salvia. 1673
Pollen-bearing stamens four ... ... ... ... 408
G
82 Key to the System of
408. Whorls of flowers crowded into a dense broadly
bracteate spike.
Perennial herbs; leaves comparatively large; calyx streaked
by ten longitudinal venules, finally closed, producing
three upper denticles and two lower lobes. Brunella. 1674
Cymous whorls of flowers often racemose or paniculate.
Herbs or half -shrubs ; leaves comparatively large ; calyx
producing often an upper entire broad lobe and four
narrow and pointed lower lobes. Plectranthus. 1675
409. Stamens two.
Perennial herbs ; leaves comparatively large ; flowers all in
axillary whorls; calyx-lobes five, rarely four; rudimentary
stamens present or absent. Lycopus. 1676
Stamens four ... ... ... ... ... ... 410
410. Leaves in whorls, generally rigid, always entire.
Always shrubs; leaves comparatively small; calyx streaked
by usually ten longitudinal venules ; anthers of the lower
stamens two-celled and sterile, anthers of the upper
stamens one-celled and pollen-bearing. Westringia. 1677
Leaves simply opposite, generally flaccid, often inden-
ted 411
411. Anthers of all four stamens with two parallel cells.
Herbs or half-shrubs, very odorous ; flowers in axillary or
almost spicate whorls ; calyx streaked by ten longitudinal
venules; tube of the corolla hardly longer than the calyx;
all four anthers pollen-bearing. " Mint " or " Ment."
Mentha. 1681
Anthers of all four stamens with two divergent but
confluent cells, thus almost unilocular ... ... 412
412. Upper lobes of the corolla much abbreviated, almost
or quite connate, much surpassed by the three lower
lobes.
Herbs or seldom half-shrubs, generally dwarf ; leaves often
incised ; calyx streaked by usually ten longitudinal
venules ; corolla long-persistent ; tube of the corolla
inside often annular-bearded ; stamens hardly exserted ;
all four anthers pollen-bearing. " Bugle." Ajllga. 1684
Victorian Plants. 83
Upper lobes of the corolla rather elongated, separated
by a deep fissure and verging to the three lower
lobes, rendering the corolla almost unilateral
Herbs or shrubs ; leaves not rarely indented, only excep-
tionally whorled ; upper calyx-lobes often somewhat broader
than the lower ; tube of the corolla usually without
annular-disposed hairlets ; stamens conspicuously ex-
serted ; all four anthers pollen-bearing. " Germander."
Teucrium. 1685
413. Upper lobe of the calyx provided with a hollow
protruberance.
Herbs or half-shrubs ; leaves generally indented ; flowers
solitary or oftener two in each axil, sometimes forming
spikes or racemes ; calyx finally closed ; calyx-lobes
entire ; stamens four ; anthers of the two upper stamens
one-celled, of the lower two-celled. Scuteilaria, 1687
Upper lobe of the calyx without any protruberance.
Shrubs, often tall, rarely trees, though then sometimes tall ;
leaves oftener small than large, always simply opposite,
often rigid and entire ; calyx-lobes entire ; stamens four ;
anthers all two-celled, often downwards provided with a
somewhat narrow and penicillar appendage. Figure 107.
Prostanthera. 1688
OROBANCHEAE.
414. Sepals four, usually two and two connate.
Flowers in dense bracteate spikes ; upper lobe of the corolla
hardly divided, lower lobes three ; stamens enclosed.
Orobanche. 1705
XiENTIBUXiARXNAE.
415. Segments of calyx two.
Floating or semiaquatic or almost terrestrial plants, with
or without ample capillary ramifications ; corolla yellow,
pink, blue or whitish. Utricularia. 1706
Segments of calyx four.
Semiaquatic or almost terrestrial plants, without ample
capillary ramifications ; corolla pink. Figure 105.
Polypompholyx. 1708
84 Key to the System of
GESNERIACEAE.
416. Anthers disconnected; fruit succulent.
Epiphytal herb ; stamens four, all perfect ; fruit beyond
the base free from the calyx. Fieldia. 1709
SCROPHULARINAE.
417. Calyx producing conspicuous lobes or denticles ... 418
Calyx deeply divided into segments ... ... 422
418. Flowers minute ... ... ... ... ... t 419
Flowers comparatively large ... ... ... ... 420
419. Stigma almost globular.
Small herbs, usually creeping and semiaquatic ; leaves long-
stalked, fascicled at the root or nodes ; calyx five-lobed ;
stamens with pollen-bearing anthers four ; anthers one-
celled. Limosella. 1710
Stigma almost spatular.
Small creeping herbs, not rarely semiaquatic ; leaves mostly
opposite or some crowded, usually short-stalked ; flowers
solitary, axillary ; calyx three- or four-lobed ; stamens
with pollen-bearing anthers two or four ; anthers one-
celled. Glossostigma. 1711
420. Calyx four-lobed.
Herbs, always small ; leaves constantly opposite, rather or
quite small, indented, seldom deeply incised ; flowers in
spikes ; upper of the terminal portion of the corolla
almost flat ; stamens with pollen-bearing anthers four ;
stigma minute, almost entire. Euplirasia. 1712
Calyx five-lobed or five-denticulated ... ... ... 421
421. Calyx conspicuously five-lobed.
Always herbs ; leaves basal or the lower opposite and the
upper scattered; stamens \wth pollen-bearing anthers
four; anther-cells contiguous; stigma bilobed. Mazus. 1714
Calyx five-denticulated.
Herbs or rarely shrubs ; leaves constantly opposite ; calyx
conspicuously tubular, five-angled ; stamens with pollen-
bearing anthers four ; anther- cells contiguous ; stigma
dilated. Mimulus. 1715
Victorian Plants. 85
422. Stamens with pollen-bearing anthers four.
Herbs or half -shrubs ; leaves opposite or whorled ; calyx-
segments five ; anther-cells distinct ; stigma bilobed.
Stemodia. 1717
Stamens with pollen-bearing anthers two .. ... 423
423. Tube of the corolla as long as the lobes or longer.
Always herbs ; leaves constantly opposite ; calyx- segments
five ; two stamens with pollen-bearing anthers, two rudi-
mentary or undeveloped ; stigma dilated. Gratiola. 1718
•
Tube of the corolla usually much shorter than the lobes.
Herbs or shrubs or rarely small trees ; leaves nearly always
opposite ; calyx-segments four or five ; lobes of corolla
much oftener four than five ; stamens never more than
two ; stigma undivided. Figure 104. Veronica. 1720
BXGXONXACEAE.
424. Calyx five-denticulated, laterally entire.
Woody climbers; leaves opposite, entire or pinnate; stamens
enclosed ; dissepiment fixed to the middle of the fruit-
valves longitudinally ; the latter finally seceding from it ;
seeds surrounded by a transparent membrane. Tecoma. 1730
VERBENACEAE.
425. Corolla four-lobed.
Small trees of saline shores subject to tidal influence ;
leaves firm, entire ; corolla-lobes equal ; stamens four ;
fruit comparatively large, the outer portion carnulent,
splitting longitudinally ; seed solitary. " Spurious
Mangrove." Avicennia. 1731
Corolla five-lobed 426
426. Lobes very unequal.
Shrubs or semiherbaceous plants ; leaves opposite, ternate
or whorled, rarely scattered ; corolla comparatively large,
its lobes in two sets ; stamens always four ; fruit rather
small, hard, four-celled, unseparable into fruitlets.
Chloanthes. 1732
Corolla-lobes slightly unequal.
Herbs or somewhat shrubby plants ; leaves usually opposite ;
flowers often small; stamens two to four; fruit quite small,
separable into four fruitlets. Verbena. 1733
86 Key to the System of
IMYOPORINAE.
427. Tube of corolla abbreviated, lobes nearly equal.
Shrubs or small trees, mostly glabrous ; leaves seldom
opposite ; corolla white, colored -dotted. Myoporum. 1734
Tube of corolla elongated, lobes very unequal.
Shrubs or small trees, glabrous or beset with hairlets ; leaves
oftener scattered than opposite ; corolla white or variously
red or blue, seldom green or yellow, often dotted.
Figure 108. Eremophila. 1741
Gymnospermae.
CONIFERAE.
428. Fruits several or many within a whorly lobed strobile.
Cypress-like shrubs or trees ; leaves very minute, three or
rarely four in a whorl, or seldom binate, decurrent;
strobile comparatively large, its segments six, rarely four
or eight, ligneous, usually arranged in an almost double
whorl; fertile fruits membranously margined. ' ' Sandarac-
Cypresses." Figure 111. (Frenela.) Callitris. 1750
Fruits solitary on a usually succulent stalklet.
Shrubs or oitener trees ; leaves often scattered and rather
large ; fruit never large. (Podocarpus.) Nageia. 1752
r/IONOCOTYLEDONEAE.
ORCHXDEAE.
429. Leaves undeveloped ... ... ... ... ... 430
Leaves developed ... ... ... ... 431
430. Calyx-lobes disconnected.
Root forming irregularly elongated tubers ; flowers in a
raceme, pink or dark-reddish; calyx-lobes quite similar
to the lateral petals ; pollen-masses two, waxy, fixed to
two stipitules. Dipodium. 1753
Calyx-lobes turgidly connate.
Root forming irregularly a tuber ; flowers in a raceme ;
calyx upwards outside brownish ; petals whitish, the
lateral two minute ; pollen-masses four, each consisting
of coherent particles. Gastrodia. 1754
Victorian Plants. 87
431. Epiphytal ... 432
Usually terrestrial ... ... 433
432. Lateral calyx-lobes broadly adnate to the united sta-
mens and style (columna or gynostemium), forming a
conspicuous basal protrusion.
Stems often turgescent, crowded and enlarging into pseudo-
bulbs ; flowers usually in a raceme ; basal protrusion
descending or almost horizontal ; labellum (labial petal)
generally membranous ; pollen-masses free in the anther-
cells, four, waxy, often two and two cohering ; fruit
turgid. Figure 112. Dendrobium. 1755
Lateral calyx-lobes somewhat adnate to the united
stamens and style, without forming any conspicuous
basal protrusion.
Labellum forming outwardly a thick protrusion ; pollen-
masses four, connate into two, waxy, fixed to a stipitule ;
fruit slender, elongated. Sarcochilus. 1756
433. Flowers turned upside down ... ... ... ... 434
Flowers erect or spreading ... ... ... ... 436
434. United stamens and style elongated.
Younger tuber distant from the older ; leaves never more
than one, always narrow ; flowers few in a raceme or
reduced to only two or rarely one ; empty bract one or
none ; calyx-lobes and lateral petals narrow ; labellum
almost horizontally fixed above rarely at the lower mar-
gin to a stalklike process ; united stamens and style
amply dilated, petal-like ; pollen powdery. Caleya. 1757
United stamens and style abbreviated ... ... 435
435. Leaves broadish, flat, two or few.
Root-fibres fascicular, tuberously thickened ; leaves firm,
long-stalked ; flowers comparatively large, in a raceme ;
all calyx-lobes and the lateral petals narrow ; labellum ^
long, with a slight median ridge and some callosity ; '
pollen powdery. Cryptostylis. 1758
88 Key to the System of
Leaf thinly cylindrical, never more than one.
Younger tuber close to the older ; leaf rarely absent or
diminutive ; flowers often small, in a spike ; upper (by
reversion lower) calyx-lobe broadish or quite broad; lower
(by reversion upper) two often connate; labellum callously
thickened, but frequently broad-membranous towards the
margin ; pollen powdery ; fruit very short, often very
oblique. Frasophyllum. 1759
436. Flowers spirally arranged in a spike.
Root-fibres fascicular, tuberously thickened ; stem-leaves
when present narrow ; flowers often small, reddish or
whitish ; upper calyx -lobe and petals convergent or co-
herent ; pollen powdery. Spi'ranthes. 1768
Flowers variously but never spirally arranged ... 437
437. Labellum quite similar to the two other petals and to
the calyx-lobes.
Younger tuber close to the older ; well developed leaves
usually one only, often narrow and elongated ; empty
bracts one to three ; flowers in a raceme, sometimes only
two or one, of tener blue than yellowish or reddish ; pollen
powdery. Thelymitra. 1769
Labellum quite dissimilar to the two other petals and
to the calyx-lobes ... ... ... .. ... 438
438. United stamens and style abbreviated 439
United stamens and style elongated ... ... ... 443
439. Labellum densely beset on the surface with almost
hairlike somewhat callous prolongations.
Younger tuber close to the older; leaves always narrow,
usually only one well developed, one or two abbreviated
or bract-like ; flowers in racemes ; upper calyx-lobe very
concave ; petals with broad base sessile ; pollen powdery.
Calochilus. 1777
Labellum without any hair-like prolongations ... 440
Victorian Plants. 89
440. Flowers very small.
Younger tuber distant from the older ; leaves never more
than one, always thinly cylindrical; flowers constantly in
a spike, often greenish ; upper calyx-lobe very concave ;
pollen powdery. Microtis. 1778
Flowers rather or quite large... ... ... ... 441
441. Lateral petals comparatively large.
Younger tuber close to the older; leaves few or several,
always narrow, usually channelled ; flowers in a raceme
or sometimes only two ; upper calyx-lobe clasping towards
the base, straight or spreading towards the summit ;
lower calyx-lobes descending, very narrow ; lateral petals
dilated, often yellowish ; pollen powdery. Diuris. 1779
Lateral petals minute or very narrow ... 442
442. Leaves few, narrow, the upper almost bract-like.
Younger tuber close to the older; leaves usually channelled;
flowers in a spike, greenish, yellowish or the labellum
partly dark-purplish ; upper calyx-lobe throughout very
concave, towards the summit bent inward ; lower calyx-
lobes ascending, very narrow ; lateral petals minute ;
pollen powdery. Orthoceras. 1785
Leaf one, nearly always cordate-orbicular.
Younger tube distant from the older ; leaf basal, almost or
quite sessile or rarely long-stalked and lanceolar, always
membranous ; flower singly terminal, on a very short
stalk or sessile ; upper calyx-lobe large, very concave ;
lower calyx-lobes and lateral petals very narrow and often
quite short ; labellum comparatively broad, downward
tubular; pollen powdery. Corysanthes. 1786
443. Leaf one only 444
Leaves more than one ... ... ... ... 449
444. Leaf about as broad as long, very seldom elongated ... 445
Leaf always considerably longer than broad, very
seldom quite abbreviated ... ... ... ... 447
90 Key to the System of
445. Labellum papillular on the surface.
Younger tube distant from the older ; leaf basal, cordate
and firm, or almost lanceolar and then not simultaneously
developed with the flowers ; some empty bracts on the
stem; flowers one or two or when few in a raceme-like
spike ; united stamens and style narrow ; pollen powdery.
Lyperanthus. 1787
Labellum almost or quite smooth ... ... ... 446
446. Lateral petals much shorter than the calyx-lobes.
Younger tuber close to the older; leaf basal, almost cordate,
membranous ; empty bracts none ; flowers one, two or
few ; stalklets very short or none ; labellum entire, with
two adnate callosities at the base; pollen powdery.
Acianthus. 1788
Lateral petals about as long as the calyx-lobes.
Young tuber close to the older; leaf basal, cordate-orbicular,
membranous ; empty bracts none ; flowers one or two or
few; stalklets very short or none; calyx-lobes and lateral
petals narrow; labellum with two adnate callosities at
the base ; pollen powdery. Cyrtostylis. 1789
447. Labellum densely beset on its surface with minute
hairlets.
Younger tuber close to the older; leaf often basal and small,
somewhat or considerably longer than broad ; empty
bracts none or rarely one ; flowers one or two or few,
seldom many; lower calyx-lobes dilated, petaloid ; pollen
powdery. Figure 113. Eriochilus. 1790
Labellum beset on its surface with stalked glandules
or narrow callosities or when smooth provided with
two erect basal appendages ... ... ... ... 448
448. Labellum beset with stalked and often also seriated
glandules or callosities.
Younger tuber usually close to the older ; leaf considerably
or very much longer than broad ; flowers one or two or
few ; stalklets generally conspicuous ; empty bracts
usually one only ; calyx-lobes and lateral petals often
similar to each other ; united stamens and style dilated ;
pollen powdery. Caladenia. 1791
Victorian Plants. 91
Labellum unprovided with glands and callosities, but
producing one or two elongated appendages.
Younger tuber distant from the older; leaf very much longer
than broad; empty bract one; stalklets very short; flowers
one or two ; calyx-lobes and lateral petals much alike ;
labellum often downy towards the base ; united stamens
and style dilated ; pollen powdery. Glossodia. 1798
449. Calyx-lobes and petals quite disconnected.
Younger tuber distant from the older ; leaves always two,
basal, considerably longer than broad, membranous ;
flower one ; empty bract none ; stalklet sometimes very
much elongated ; lower calyx-lobes narrow ; surface of
the labellum beset with tubercular callosities ; pollen
powdery. Chiloglottis. 1799
Upper calyx-lobe broad, somewhat arched, downward
concave and connate with the lateral petals.
Younger tuber close to the older ; leaves several, mem-
branous; flowers nearly always greenish, seldom somewhat
reddish or brownish ; lower calyx-lobes much connate ;
labellum narrow, basally either protracted or appendi-
culated, spontaneously jerking on touch, often enclosed ;
pollen powdery. Pterostylis. 1800
HYDXtOCHARXDEAE.
450. Flowers large.
Freshwater-plants ; leaves large, broad, all basal, often
conspicuously stalked ; flowers singly enclosed in a calyx-
like often long stalked solitary involucre, the latter
formed of connate bracteoles ; calyx-lobes always three,
of herbaceous texture ; petals three, large ; stamens
and pistils in the same flowers ; stamens six or more ;
stigmas many; fruit succulent, large; seeds very numerous.
Figure 115. Ottelia. 1817
Flowers small ... ... ... ... ... 451
451. Pistillate flowers singly terminal on very long spirally
twisted stalks.
Freshwater -plant ; leaves all basal, much elongated, narrow,
membranous ; staminate and pistillate flowers distinct ;
the staminate flowers minute, crowded, short-stalked,
with one to three stamens, the pistillate flowers within
connate bracteoles ; petals absent ; stigmas three ; ovulary
one-celled ; fruit narrow ; seeds many. Vallisneria. 1818
92 Key to the System of
Pistillate flowers singly sessile ... ... 452
452. Leaves opposite.
Oceanic plants ; leaves small ; flowers between distinct
bracteoles axillary ; the staminate flowers distinct from
the pistillate ; calyx-tube of the latter very much
narrowed towards the summit; petals absent; stamens
three ; stigmas three ; fruit small ; seeds many.
Halophila. 1819
Leaves mostly in whorls.
Freshwater-plant ; leaves short ; flowers between connate
bracteoles axillary ; the staminate flowers distinct from
the pistillate ; calyx-tube of the latter very narrow
towards the summit ; petals present ; stamens three to
nine ; stigmas usually three to six ; fruit small ; seeds
few or many. (Hydrilla.) Elodea. 1820
IRXDEAE.
453. Lobes of calyx petaloid, usually about as large as the
petals.
Root fibrous, sometimes creeping ; leaves often narrow ;
clusters of flowers more than one ; calyx-lobes blue,
white or yellowish ; petals usually similar to the calyx-
lobes ; stamens three ; style shorter than the stamens ;
stigmas three, narrow ; fruit often exserted beyond the
bracts. Sisyrinchium. 1821
Lobes of calyx petaloid, considerably or very much
larger than the petals ... 454
454. Stamens three.
Root fibrous ; leaves always narrow ; cluster of flowers
singly terminal ; general outer bract large, clasping ;
calyx-lobes blue, rarely yellow ; petals minute ; style
longer than the stamens ; stigmas three, broad ; fruits
enclosed. Figure 114. Fatersouia. 1823
Stamens two.
Root fibrous ; leaves sometimes rather broad ; cluster of
flowers often only one ; general outer bract large, clasp-
ing ; one of the calyx-lobes larger than the two other ;
petals somewhat shorter than the calyx-lobes and as well
as these white or tinged with blue and yellow ; style
longer than the stamens ; stigmas three, broad ; fruit
exserted ; seeds flat. Diplarrhena. 1826
Victorian Plants.
AIVIARYLLIDEAE.
455. Stamens connate.
Bulbous plants ; leaves narrow ; flowering stem sometimes
developed before the leaves ; flowers rather small, um-
bellate ; calyx-lobes petaloid ; petals similar to the calyx-
lobes ; fruit rather succulent, indehiscent, usually one-
seeded. Calostemma. 1827
Stamens disconnected ... ... ... ... 456
456. Tube of the calyx much longer than the fruit.
Bulbous lily-like plants ; leaves much elongated ; flowers
whitish, usually very large and umbellate; calyx-lobes
quite petaloid; petals similar to the calyx -lobes; stamens
curved downwards ; fruit somewhat succulent, tardily
and irregularly ruptured ; seeds few or one, often resem-
bling small bulbs. Figure 116. Crimini. 1828
Tube of calyx as long as the fruit.
Bulbous plants ; leaves often narrow ; flowers solitary or
two together or few in racemes or umbels, usually rather
small ; calyx-lobes semipetaloid ; petals similar to the
calyx-lobes, often yellow inside ; fruit hardly or tardily
dehiscent, small, many-seeded. Hypoxis. 1829
XiXXiXACBAX:.
457. Style three-cleft 458
Style undivided ... .. ... ... ... 465
458. Tall climbers or twiners 459
Erect or spreading plants ... ... ... ... 460
459. Flowers in umbels.
Tendrils often present; leaves broad, net-venuled; staminate
and pistillate flowers on separate plants ; sepals distinct ;
petals similar to the sepals ; fruit succulent, indehiscent,
one- or two-seeded. Figure 117. " Sarsaparilla. "
Sxnilax. 1830
Flowers in racemes.
Tendrils absent ; leaves broad, net-venuled ; stamens and
pistils in the same flowers ; sepals distinct ; petals similar
to the sepals ; fruit succulent, indehiscent, one- or two-
seeded. Rhipogonum. 1831
94 Key to the System of
460. All flowers provided with stamens and pistils . ... 461
Staminate and pistillate flowers mostly or entirely on
separate plants ... ... ... ... ... 463
461. Fruit succulent, indehiscent.
Erect herbs ; root creeping ; leaves rather broad, in two
rows ; flowers axillary, either solitary or two together ;
sepals distinct ; petals similar to the sepals ; fruit many-
seeded, outside blue or orange-colored. Drymophila. 1832
Fruit dry, dehiscent 462
462. Leaves broad.
Erect or rarely spreading herbs ; root fibrous ; flowers ter-
minal, solitary or few together ; sepals distinct, petaloid ;
petals similar to the sepals, both bent inwards along the
margin before expansion ; fruit dehiscent between the
dissepiments ; seeds many, provided with an appendage.
Schelhammera. 1833
Leaves very narrow.
Erect plant ; root fascicular-fibrous ; flowers in a terminal
umbel ; sepals distinct, petaloid ; petals similar to the
sepals, both bent inward along the margin before expan-
sion ; fruit dehiscent at the dissepiments.
Burchardia. 1834
463. Root bulbous.
Small plants ; leaves very narrow ; flowers spicate or
solitary; sepals petaloid, distinct or somewhat connate with
the petals and similar to them; fruit dehiscent between the
dissepiments ; seeds many. Figure 118. Wurmbea. 1835
Root thick, producing strong fibres ... ... ... 464
464. Leaves rather soft, somewhat succulent.
Perennial plants, often alpine, generally beset with white
silky vestiture ; leaves mostly basal, rather or quite
narrow ; flowers crowded or in paniculate racemes ; sepals
distinct ; petals similar ; fruit succulent, indehiscent.
Astelia. 1836
Leaves rather hard, almost dry.
Dwarf or rather tall plants, always perennial ; leaves
narrow, rigid ; flowers usually very small ; sepals and
petals often connate towards the base, persistent ;
filaments capillary, smooth ; anthers bilobed ; fruit three-
seeded ; outer seed-membrane (testa) pale. Xerotes. 1837
Victorian Plants. 95
465. Flowers extremely numerous, sessile, crowded into a
dense cylindrical spike.
Erect usually robust plants ; leaves narrow, very long and
rigid, comparatively thick ; stamens and pistils in the
same flowers; sepals glume-like, rigid; petals membranous ;
filaments smooth and capillary ; fruit very rigid, dry,
dehiscent, few-seeded. " Grasstrees."
Xanthorrhoea. 1843
Flowers provided with stalklets or when sessile dis-
persed or clustered ... ... ... ... ... 466
466. Tall climbers or twiners 467
Erect or rarely spreading plants or very seldom small
twiners ... ... ... ... ... ... 468
467. Petals fringed.
Leaves broad or narrow, densely streaked from longitudinal
venules ; flowers mostly in fascicles ; sepals distinct ;
filaments capillary; anthers straight; fruit succulent,
tardily dehiscent. Eustrephus. 1844
Petals fringeless.
Leaves broad or narrow, densely streaked from longitudinal
venules; flowers mostly in cymes ; sepals distinct; petals
similar ; filaments capillary ; anthers straight ; fruit suc-
culent, tardily dehiscent. Geitonoplesium. 1845
468. Filaments tumid or bearded 469
Filaments capillary and smooth ... ... ... 473
469. Filaments tumid.
Rigid plants, rather tall ; root somewhat creeping ; leaves
long, generally basal, often rather narrow ; flowers pani-
culated ; sepals distinct, petaloid ; petals similar to the
sepals, with them generally blue ; anthers straight,
opening by pores ; fruit succulent, indehiscent, often blue
outside. Dianella. 1846
Filaments bearded ... ... ... ... ... 470
96 Key to the System of
470. Fruit somewhat succulent.
Rather succulent plants ; leaves narrow ; flowers in racemes ;
sepals distinct ; petals similar to the sepals, with them
generally yellow and remaining straight, deciduous; fruit
dehiscent, lobeless, few-seeded. Bulbine. 1849
Fruit dry ... ... ... ... ... ... 471
471. Fruit consisting of three one-seeded indehiscent fruit-
lets, one or two sometimes failing.
Plants rather dwarf ; root fascicular-fibrous ; flowers in
terminal umbels ; sepals and petals rather persistent,
spirally twisted after flowering. Tricoryne. 1850
Fruit dehiscent, lobeless, many-seeded ... ... 472
472. Anthers soon revolute.
Plants rather tall ; root creeping ; leaves narrow, rigid ;
umbels or corymbs often paniculated ; sepals and petals
similar to each other, persistent, both remaining almost
straight ; seeds much compressed. Stypandra. 1851
Anthers remaining straight.
Root-fibres tuberously thickened ; leaves narrow, flaccid ;
flowers in a simple or compound raceme ; petals often
somewhat fringed ; sepals and petals persistent, both
remaining almost straight ; seeds turgid, angular.
Art hr op odium. 1852
473. Petals much fringed.
Plants seldom tall ; root -fibres often tuberously thickened ;
flowers umbellate or few together; sepals and petals rather
persistent, twisted after flowering, pink or purplish ;
stamens bent downward, three or six, and then unequal;
anthers unchanging in form; fruit dry, dehiscent,
lobeless; seeds provided with an appendage. " Fringe -
lilies." Figure 119. Thysanotus. 1855
Petals fringeless 474
474. Stems branchless or hardly branched... ... ... 475
Stems well branched ... ... 478
Victorian Plants. 97
475. Flower solitary.
Dwarf alpine plant ; root creeping ; leaves narrow ; flowers
comparatively large ; sepals petaloid ; petals similar to the
sepals ; anthers remaining straight ; fruit dry, dehiscent.
Herpolirion. 1858
Flowers several or many in the inflorescence ... 476
476. Pollen-bearing anthers three.
Leaves narrow, all basal ; root fascicular-fibrous ; flowers in
a terminal umbel ; sepals petaloid ; petals similar to the
sepals, pink ; anthers deeply bilobed ; fruit dry, dehiscent,
few-seeded. Scwerbaea. 1859
Pollen-bearing anthers six ... ... ... ... 477
477. Fruit slightly three-lobed, few-seeded.
Plants never tall, often somewhat branched; root-fibres
tuberously thickened ; sepals and petals rather persistent,
spirally twisted after flowering, blue or pale ; fruit dry,
dehiscent ; seeds turgid, provided with a conspicuous
appendage. Caesia. 1860
Fruit conspicuously three-lobed, many-seeded.
Dwarf plants; root-fibres tuberously thickened; leaves broad-
linear, all basal, flaccid ; flowers in a terminal simple or
compound corymb ; sepals and petals twisted after flower-
ing, blue or exceptionally white ; anthers at last semi-
circularly curved ; fruit dry, dehiscent ; seeds much
compressed, without any conspicuous appendage.
Chamaescilla. 1861
478. Sepals and petals spirally twisted after flowering.
Perennial rather tall plants, much branched ; leaves rudi-
mentary or early evanescent ; flowers small, interruptedly
spicate or dispersed ; sepals and petals rather persistent,
pale, disconnected ; fruit dry, consisting usually of a
solitary fruitlet, with one or two seeds ; seeds turgid, with
a conspicuous appendage. Corynotheca. 1862
Sepals and petals remaining straight ... ... ... 479
479. Sepals and petals disconnected.
Perennial dwarf plants ; root-fibres thin ; leaves rigid, very
narrow, often tufted ; flowers small, in clusters or head-
lets ; sepals and petals similar, both persistent, almost
white or pale-reddish ; fruit dry, dehiscent ; seeds few,
without any appendage. Bartlingia. 1863
98 Key to the System of
Sepals and petals connate towards the base.
Harsh and ramified plants, not very tall ; root-fibres thin ;
leaves very small, crowded on the branches, aciculate-
linear ; flowers singly terminal ; sepals and petals similar
to each other, upwards disconnected, rigid, pure-blue or
violet, shining, persistent, unshriveling ; anthers opening
by pores ; fruit dry, indehiscent, one-seeded.
Calectasia. 1864
AXiXSTCACEAE.
480. Fruitlets hardly pointed, narrow at the base.
Semiaquatic herbs, usually erect ; leaves basal ; ovule one ;
fruitlets circularly arranged. Alisma. 1865
Fruitlets pungently pointed, broadly connate at the
base.
Semiaquatic herbs, usually erect ; leaves basal ; ovules two
or more ; fruitlets circularly arranged. Figure 121.
Dainasoniiun. 1866
FHXXiHYDREAE.
481. Anther coiled.
Rather tall plant, beset with soft hairlets ; spike simple,
elongated, with large bracts ; ovulary imperfectly three-
celled. Fhilhydrum. 1867
XYRXDEAE.
482. Outer sepal petaloid.
Erect mostly perennial plants ; leaves basal, very narrow,
often rigid ; flowers capitulate or spicate ; inner sepals
glumaceous; lobes of the corolla yellow; style three- cleft,
without basal appendages. Figure 122. Xyris. 1868
TYPKACEAE.
483. Flowers crowded into dense cylindrical spikes.
Upper spike with staminate flowers ; lower spike with
pistillate flowers, both solitary; bracts and sepals hairlike;
fruits minute. "Reed-Mace." Typha. 1869
Flowers crowded into several globular clusters.
Upper clusters staminate, lower pistillate ; bracts and sepals
scale -like ; fruits rather conspicuous, often turgid.
Sparganium. 1870
Victorian Plants. 99
LEMNACEAE.
484. Roots capillary.
Flower from a marginal fissure of the frond, supported by
a bract; anther two-celled. Lemna. 1871
Rootless.
Flower from a surface-cavity of the frond, unsupported by
any bract; anther one-celled. Wolffia. 1874
FX.nVIAX.BS.
485. Flowers in spikes or racemes or clusters ... ... 486
Flowers dispersed ... ... ... ... ... 490
486. Sepals present ... ... 487
Sepals absent ... ... ... ... ... 489
487. Fruitlets three or six.
Semiaquatic or terrestrial plants ; leaves always radical
and variously narrow; flowers in spikes or racemes; bracts
none; stamens and pistils in the same flowers; sepals and
petals each usually three, bract-like; ovularies six; perfect
fruitlets six or three, rarely two or four, coherent, finally
seceding, unprovided with stipites. Triglochin. 1875
Fruitlets four or one
488. Fruitlets four.
Aquatic plants; leaves along the branches, broad or variously
narrow ; flowers in spikes, rarely almost in headlets or
clusters; sepals two and petals two, small, all bract-like ;
stamens and pistils each four, in the same flowers; anthers
much bilobed; stigmas sessile; fruitlets very small, sessile,
almost disconnected. Fotamogeton. 1878
Fruitlet one.
Oceanic plants; leaves along the branches, elongated, narrow;
flowers in spikes; sepals three, bract -like ; stamens and
pistils in the same flowers; stamens three or four; anthers
almost sessile, much exceeded by the connective ; stigmas
sessile ; fruitlet large, indehiscent, unprovided with a
stipes. Posidonia. 1886
100 Key to the System of
489. Fruitlets normally four, each provided with a long
thin stalk-like stipes.
Aquatic plants ; leaves along the branches, always very
narrow, alternating ; flowers in spikes or almost headlets,
or few or two, at or near the upper end of a threadlike
often much elongated and spirally twisted stalk ; bracts,
sepals and petals absent ; stamens and pistils in the same
flowers ; stamens two ; anthers much bilobed ; stigma
almost sessile, undivided ; fruitlets four, very small,
oblique. Ruppia. 188T
Fruitlets spikelike arranged within the lower portion
of a clasping floral leaf.
Oceanic plants ; leaves along the branches, always narrow,
alternating ; flower-spikes unilateral ; sepals and petals
none ; stamens and pistils in distinct flowers ; stamen
one ; anther sessile ; stigmas two, capillary ; fruitlets
single. "Grass-Wrack." Zostera* 1888
490. Fruit simple.
Aquatic plants ; stem slender ; leaves along the branches,
constantly narrow, often opposite '(or whorled and den-
ticulated ; flowers solitary, axillary ; stamens and pistils
in distinct flowers ; calyx small, somewhat tubular, very
tender ; stamen one ; anther sessile ; stigmas two to four ;
ovule one ; fruit often connate with the calyx.
Najas. 1889
Fruit compound ... ... ... -. ... 491
491. Leaves threadlike-linear.
Aquatic plants, always very slender ; leaves along the
branches ; flowers within a clasping bract ; calyx quite
minute, three-lobed ; stamens and pistils in distinct
flowers ; stamens three ; anthers connate ; style elon-
gated ; stigma one ; fruitlets three, on short stalklets.
Figure 120. (Lepilaena.) Althenia. 1890
Leaves often broad-linear.
Oceanic plants ; leaves alternate or crowded in two rows,
always narrow ; flowers solitary, within the clasping
base of a leaf ; stamens and pistils in distinct flowers ;
stamens two, quite connate ; anthers narrow, four-celled ;
united filaments elongated or abbreviated ; ovularies two,
disconnected ; ovule one ; style ending in a bifid stigma ;
fruitlets two, small. Cymodocea. 1891
Victorian Plants. 101
FALB1AE.
492. Pistils three, disconnected.
Palms, either tall or dwarf, longeval ; stem unarmed ; leaf-
stalks often producing spines along the margin ; general
bracts (spathae) large, clasping ; leaves terminal, almost
orbicular or fan-shaped ; panicules of spikes from among
the leaves; flowers very small; sepals three, disconnected;
petals three, contiguous before expansion, connate at the
base ; stamens and pistils in the same flowers ; stamens
six, disconnected ; one rarely more of the fruitlets de-
veloped; albument of seed laterally hollowed. "Native
Fan-Palm." Livistona. 1892
JUNCEAB.
493. Fruit three-seeded.
Plants beset with hairlets ; leaves always grass-like.
luzula. 1893
Fruit many-seeded.
Plants always glabrous; leaves rarely grass-like, often stem-
like or absent. Figure 123. Juncus. 1894
ERXOCAUIiEAE.
494. Anthers two-celled.
Plants often small and annual ; leaves nearly always
basal ; involucrating bracts appressed ; style without
appendages. Eriocaulon. 1905
RESTIACBAE.
495. Minute bisexual plants, mostly annual ... ... 496
Rush- or sedge-like plants, nearly always unisexual
and perennial ... ... ... ... 498
496. Flowers in a depressed capitular cluster.
Cluster surrounded by several transparent bracts ; floral
bracts none ; sepals and petals absent ; stamens and
pistils placed together ; stamen one ; anther two-celled ;
stigmas two or oftener three ; fruit one-celled, dehiscent
with three slits. Trithuria. 1906
Flowers in a single spikelet ... ... ... ... 497
102 Key to the System of
497. Spikelet somewhat elongated, producing biseriate floral
bracts.
Sepals and petals absent ; stamens and pistils placed to-
gether ; stamen one ; anther one-celled ; stigma one ;
fruit one-celled, dehiscent with one slit. Aphelia. 1907
Spikelet abbreviated to a fascicle.
Flowers sometimes reduced to two or one ; sepals and petals
absent ; stamens and pistils placed together ; stamen one ;
anther one-celled ; fruit one-celled, dehiscent with one
slit. Ceutrolepis. 1908
498. Flowers all dispersed.
Sepals and .petals present ; stamens three ; stigmas three ;
fruit three-celled, dehiscent. Lepyrodia. 1912
Flowers all in spikelets or the pistillate flowers
solitary ... ...499
499. Fruit two- or three-celled.
Spikelets usually in panicles ; staminate and pistillate
flowers in distinct spikelets ; sepals and petals present ;
stamens three ; stigmas two or three ; fruit dehiscent.
Bestio. 1914:
Fruit one-celled 500
500. Fruit dehiscent.
Spikelets several or many, usually in panicles ; sepals and
petals present ; stamens generally three ; stigmas three.
Leptocarpus. 1917
Fruit indehiscent 501
501. Stigmas two or three.
Stems and branches often twisted or curled ; pistillate
spikelets one-flowered ; sepals and petals present ; stamens
three. Figure 124. Calostrophus. 1918
Stigma one.
Stems erect, unbranched ; clasping leafstalks very de-
ciduous ; spikelets often singly terminal, all with more
than one flower ; sepals and petals present ; stamens
three. Lepidobolus. 1919
Victorian Plants. 103
CYFER,ACEAE.
502. Fruit one only in each spikelet ... ... ... 503
Fruits more than one in each spikelet ... 511
503. Floral bracts arranged fascicularly.
Spikelets changed into fascicles and crowded into a sessile
globular infra-terminal cluster ; several of the involucral
bracts empty; the two outermost floral bracts of each
spikelet opposite, navicular ; stamens six or more in each
spikelet, every stamen supported by a floral bract ; pistil
central, solitary ; stigmas two or three ; fruit longi-
tudinally streaked by several prominent lines.
Chorizandra. 1920
Floral bracts forming one or more rows ... 504
504. Bracts few, forming one imperfect row or reduced to
two in number ... ... ... ... 505
Bracts in more than one row... ... ... ... 506
505. Spikelet one, terminal, rarely accompanied by another.
Alpine dwarf plants, forming dense patches ; leaves
crowded into two rows, short, rigid, pointed ; spikelets
producing only one flower ; bracts two or three, rarely
four ; sepals three and petals three, changed into scale-
like organs ; stamens three ; style thin throughout ;
stigmas three. Oreobolus. 1921
Spikelets few or several.
Spikelets producing two flowers, one of them only pistil-
late ; bracts usually four ; sepals and petals changed
into long bristlets ; stamens generally two ; base of style
enlarged, long persistent ; stigmas three.
Cyatochaete. 1922
506. Bracts in few spiral rows ... 507
Bracts in two straight rows ... ... ... ... 509
507. Branches mostly flexuous or revolute.
Rigid plants of restiaceous aspect; leaves only rudimentary;
spikelets singly terminating the branches, producing two
flowers, only one of them pistillate ; bracts six or fewer ;
stamens three to six ; base of style much enlarged, per-
sistent; stigmas three. Oaustis. 1923
104 Key to the System of
Branches almost straight or absent ... 508
508. Rudimentary sepals and petals absent.
Spikelets producing two or few flowers, usually only one
fruit-bearing ; stamens three to six ; stigmas three,
generally undivided. (Cladium.) Gahiiia. 1925
Rudimentary sepals and petals present.
Spikelets producing two or few flowers, one only fruit-
bearing ; bracts several ; sepals and petals minute, scale-
like, firm, generally pointed ; stamens usually three ;
stigmas always three, undivided. Figure 125.
Lepidosperma. 1938
509. Rudimentary sepals and petals abbreviated, scale-like.
Spikelet always singly terminal, producing two flowers,
only one of them pistillate ; stamens three ; style equally
thin, jointed on the fruit ; stigmas three.
Lepidospora. 1952
Rudimentary sepals and petals elongated or absent ... 510
510. Rudimentary sepals and petals elongated, plumous.
Alpine plant ; spikelets more than one, each producing one
flower only ; bracts about six ; stamens three ; style-base
enlarged, persistent. Carpha. 1953
Rudimentary sepals and petals absent.
Spikelets more than one, producing one or two flowers,
usually only one pistillate; bracts only three or four;
stamens three or fewer ; style thin throughout ; stigmas
always two ; fruit biangular, dropping within the two
upper deciduous bracts. Kyllingia. 1954
511. Bracts in two straight rows ... ... ... ... 512
Bracts in several spiral rows ... ... ... ... 513
512. All bracts fruit-bearing, except one or two of the
lowest.
Spikelets with few, several or many flowers ; stamens and
pistil in each flower ; stamens three or less ; style thin
throughout; stigmas two or three; fruit bi- or tri-angular,
each dropping from its solitary bract. Cyperus. 1955
Victorian. Plants. 105
Few or only two of the bracts fruit-bearing.
Spikelets nearly always more than one; floral axis (rhacheole)
conspicuously flexuous ; flowers usually all pistillate ;
empty lower bracts generally more than two ; sepals and
petals replaced by bristlets or absent ; stamens usually
three ; style equally thin ; stigmas three ; fruits rarely
reduced to one in its spikelet. Schoenus. 1967
513. Only one floral bract to each flower ... ... ... 514
Two inner either connate or disconnected bracts to
each pistillate flower in addition to the ordinary
floral bract .. ... ... ... ... ... 516
514. Style thin throughout.
Leaves often well developed ; spikelets nearly always more
than one, often lateral or infra-terminal ; all flowers
staminate and pistillate ; usually only the lowest bract
empty ; stamens three or less ; stigmas two or three.
Scirpus. 1977
Base of style enlarged ... ... ... ... 515
515. Style-base continuous with the fruit, persistent.
Leaves never well developed ; spikelets always singly
terminal, unsupported by any floral leaf ; all flowers
staminate and pistillate ; usually only the lowest bract
empty ; sepals and petals changed into bristlets, rarely
absent ; stamens three or less ; stigmas two or three.
Keleocharis. 1989
Style-base jointed on the fruit, finally deciduous.
Leaves nearly always well developed ; spikelets generally
more than one, terminal ; all flowers staminate and
pistillate ; usually only the lowest bract empty ; rudi-
mentary sepals and petals absent ; stamens three or less ;
stigmas two or three. Pimbristylis. 1992
516. Inner floral bracts two, disconnected.
Spikelets generally more than one, terminally crowded, to
be regarded as spikes on assuming the inner sepal-like
organs to be bracteal, not calycine ; all flowers staminate
and pistillate ; usually only the lowest bract empty ;
stamens two or one ; style thin throughout ; stigmas two
or three. Lipocarpha. 1995
Inner floral bract forming an utricular almost closed
covering around the fruit ... ... ... ... 517
106 Key to the System of
517. Ehacheole accessory to the fruit absent or rudimentary.
Spikes or spikelets one or often more, sometimes abbreviated
almost to clusters or headlets ; staminate and pistillate
flowers separate, each of the latter representing a much
reduced spikelet; utricular covering calyx-like, either con-
sisting of one clasping bract, highly connate along its edges,
or formed of two bracts completely connate except at the
bidenticulated summit ; stamens usually three. Carex. 1996
Rhacheole accessory to the fruit elongated, exserted
and hooked.
Spike always one, terminal ; staminate and pistillate flowers
separate ; rhacheole bare, rigid ; utricular covering as in
Carex ; stamens usually three. Uncinia. 2014
QRAIttlNEAE.
518. Fruit (grain) one in each spikelet. (Exception : Panicum,
section Isachne) ... ... ... ... ... 519
Fruits more than one in each spikelet ... ... 546
519. Bracts more than three ... ... ... ... 520
Bracts three ... ... ... ... ... ... 534
520. Spikelets jointed above the lower bracts ... ... 521
Spikelets jointed below the lower bracts ... ... 524
521. Two bracts between the fruit-supporting and the two
lowest bracts ... ... ... ... ... 522
No bracts between the fruit-supporting and the two
lowest bracts ... 523
522. The two bracts next to the two lowest bearing stamens.
Odorous grasses ; spikelets arranged in a panicle ; bracts
shining, membranous, transparent ; stamens three ; fruit
free within its bracts, but retained by them.
Hierochloa. 2016
The two bracts next to the two lowest empty.
Spikelets arranged in a panicle or in a raceme or a spike,
awnless or with one awn ; bracts firm, opaque ; stamens
six or four or rarely two. Figure 126.
(Tetrarrhena. ) Ehrharta. 2017
Victorian Plants. 107
523. Spikelets arranged in a very slender cylindrical spike.
Spikelets seated alternately in excavations of the rhachis,
awnless ; lowest bracts rigid ; stamens three.
Lepturas. 2020
Spikelets arranged in a dense spikelike panicle.
Fruit-supporting bracts ending in nine or more somewhat
plumous almost equal minute awns ; keel-like prominence
none ; stamens usually three. Pappophomm. 2021
524. Spikelets provided with an awn on one or more of the
flower-bearing bracts ... ... ... ... 525
Spikelets awnless or one or more awns on the lowest
bracts or on the rhachis or rhacheoles ... ... 527
525. Spikelets all pistillate.
Spikelets arranged by pairs in spikelike panicles, one sessile,
the other on a stalklet, all invested with long and soft
hairlets ; stamens three or two. Erianthus. 2022
Spikelets partly pistillate ... ... ... ... 526
526. One or two non-pistillate spikelets supporting one
fruit-bearing spikelet.
Spikelets arranged either in a panicle or in one or more
spikes ; stamens three. Aiidropogon. 2023
Several non-pistillate spikelets supporting one fruit- •
bearing spikelet.
Spikelets fascicular-clustered, the clusters arranged in a
leafy panicle or solitary ; stamens three.
Anthistiria. 2031
527. Lowest bracts densely beset with long soft hairlets.
Spikelets arranged by pairs in a dense spikelike panicle;
branchlets of the panicle unjointed ; all bracts awnless ;
stamens one or two. Imperata. 2032
All bracts smooth or beset with very short hairlets... 52&
108 Key to the System of
528. Spikelets immersed into the notches of the rhachis of
Spikelets arranged in compressed almost sessile spikes,
seated by alternate pairs in excavations of the rhachis,
one spikelet in each pair fertile and sessile, the other
sterile with adnate stalklet ; all bracts awnless and
smooth ; stamens three. Hemarthria. 2033
Spikelets emersed ... ... ... ... 529
529. Lowest bract longer than the next.
Spikelets solitary on their stalklet, arranged in a raceme-
like spike; all bracts awnless; lowest bract keeled, smooth,
hardened ; stamens three. Zoysia. 2034
Lowest bract shorter than the next ... ... ... 530
530. Spikelets crowded into pungently foliaceous headlike-
fascicular clusters.
Staminate and pistillate flowers mainly on separate plants,
the staminate spikelets spicate, the pistillate spikelets
solitary and accompanied by one staminate or neuter
flower ; rhachis elongated, spinescent ; all bracts awn-
less ; fruit -supporting bract hardened. Spinif ex. 2035
Spikelets arranged in a spike or panicle ... ... 531
531. Spikelets surrounded by bristlets.
Spikelets generally arranged in a spike-like almost cylin-
drical panicle, always small, jointed above the persistent
involucre ; all bracts awnless, smooth ; stamens three.
Setaria. 2036
Spikelets without any surrounding bristlets ... ... 532
532. Lowest empty bract conspicuously awned.
Spikelets arranged in somewhat paniculate and unilateral
clusters, always small ; stamens three. OplismeilUS. 2037
Lowest empty bract awnless ... ... ... ... 533
533. The second of the two empty bracts about as large
as the third, and usually somewhat exceeding the
firm fruit-supporting bract.
Spikelets arranged in a panicle or in often unilateral spikes,
always small, those of some species (Isachne) producing
two fruits ; fruit-bearing flower accompanied by a
staminate or sterile flower ; stamens three. Panicum. 2038
Victorian Plants. 109
The second of the two empty bracts much larger
than either the third or the tender-membranous
fruit-supporting bract.
Spikelets arranged in a single cylindrical spike ; the second
or both the lowest bracts conspicuously ciliolated; stamens
three. Neurachne. 2053
534. Spikelets jointed below the lowest bracts 535
Spikelets jointed above the lowest bracts ... ... 537
535. Inflorescence beset with short prickles.
Spikelets three to five together on a common jointed short
stalk, and these clusters arranged in a spike ; all bracts
awnless ; lowest bracts hardened and prickly ; stamens
three. Tragus. 2055
Inflorescence smooth or beset with soft hairlets ... 536
536. Outer bracts disconnected.
Spikelets arranged in an unilateral spike, always small;
bracts often pointed ; lowest bract nearly as long as the
next ; stalklets very callous at the summit j stamens three.
Eriochloa. 2056
Outer bracts connate towards the base.
Spikelets arranged in a paniculate spike ; covering bract
absent ; fruit-supporting bract pointed or short-awned ;
stamens three. Alopecurus. 2057
537. Spikelets arranged in a cluster or panicle or spike ... 538
Spikelets arranged in unitedly terminal spikes ... 545
538. Fruit soon dropping from its bracts.
Spikelets arranged in an ample or spike-like panicle, always
very small ; stamens three or two. Sporobolus. 2058
Fruit retained by its bracts ... ... ... 539
539. Spikelets with three or five conspicuous awns ... 540
Spikelets with one awn or almost awnless ... ... 542
110 Key to the System of
540. Spikelets with five awns.
Spikelets rather large, in a panicle ; fruit-supporting bract
terminated by one long and four small or minute awns ;
stamens three. Fentapogon. 2060
Spikelets with three awns ... ... 541
541. Covering bract longer than the fruit-supporting bract.
Spikelets quite large, in a panicle ; fruit-supporting bract
terminated by three awns, the middle one much elongated
and twisted ; stamens three. Aiiisopogon. 2061
Covering bract shorter than the fruit-supporting bract.
Spikelets generally rather large, in a spreading or con-
tracted or sometimes raceme-like panicle ; fruit-support-
ing bract terminated by three disunited or downward
connate awns ; stamens three. Aristida. 2062
542. Spikelets long-awned.
Panicle spreading or contracted ; flowers usually rather
large ; awn terminal, valid ; stamens generally three.
(Dichelachne.) Stipa. 2066
Spikelets short-awned or awnless ... ... ... 543
543. Fruit-supporting bract terminated by three minute
awns.
Panicle generally spike-like ; covering bract minutely two-
awned ; stamens three. Amphipogon. 2076
Fruit-supporting bract terminated by one small awn
or awnless ... ... ... ... ... ... 544
544. Awn terminal.
Panicle contracted into an headlet or a cluster ; flowers
small ; awn from between the two minute pointed lobes
of the fruit-supporting bract, very slender.
Echiiiopogon. 2077
Awn dorsal or absent.
Panicle spreading or contracted, not rarely spike-like;
flowers always small ; awn very slender. Agrostis. 2078
Victorian Plants. Ill
545. Spikelets awned.
Spikelets unilateral, biseriate ; fruit- supporting bract
comparatively small, terminated by a short awn and
upwards succeeded by minutely awned empty bracts ;
stamens three. Chloris. 2088
Spikelets awnless.
Spikelets unilateral, biseriate ; fruit-supporting bract not
succeeded by any empty bracts ; stamens three.
Cynodon. 2089
546. Fruits two in each spikelet.
Panicle of spikelets spreading or spike-like ; bracts all trans-
parent and shining; fruit-supporting bract awned; stamens
three ; fruit free within the covering bract. Aira. 2090
Fruits more than two in each spikelet ... ... 547
547. Staminate and pistillate spikelets on separate plants.
Spikelets arranged in a spike, comparatively large ; all
bracts awnless ; fruit- supporting bract rigid ; stamens
three ; fruit free within its bract, but remaining enclosed.
Distichlis. 2091
Staminate and pistillate flowers in the same spikelets 548
548. Spikelets regularly arranged in a spike, their sides
turned to the rhachis.
Spikelets alternate, much compressed ; fruit- supporting
bract dorsally convex, usually awned or pointed ; stamens
three ; fruit often adherent to the covering bract.
Agropyron. 2092
Spikelets irregularly arranged in a spike or oftener
dispersed in a panicle .... ... ... ... 549
549. Fruit permanently adnate to the covering bract ... 550
Fruit free within its bracts ... ... ... ... 551
550. Hilum of less than half the length of the fruit.
Fruit-supporting bract usually awned; stamens three; styles
infra-terminal ; fruit bearded at the summit. Bronius. 2094
112 Key to the System of
Hilum of more than half the length of the fruit.
Fruit -supporting bract dorsally convex, pointed or awned ;
stamens three, rarely two or one ; styles terminal ; fruit
unbearded. Pestuca. 2095
551. Spikelets unilaterally arranged in unitedly terminal
or rarely dispersed spikes.
Spikelets jointed only above the outer bracts ; all bracts
awnless, but often pointed ; fruit-supporting bract pro-
minently keeled ; stamens three. Eleusiiie. 2097
Spikelets arranged in a solitary spike or cluster or
panicle ... — ••• ... 552
552. Fruit soon dropping from its bracts.
Spikelets usually arranged in a panicle, between the flowers
imperfectly jointed ; flowers much compressed ; fruit-
supporting bract membranous, lobeless, lined with three
venules, the middle venule somewhat carinal ; covering
bract persistent ; stamens three or two. Eragrostis. 2098
Fruit free, but retained by its bracts ... ... 553
553. Spikelets awnless ... ... ... ... ... 554
Spikelets awned ... ... ... ... 555
554. Fruit-supporting bracts lobeless or slightly notched at
the summit.
Spikelets generally arranged in a panicle ; flowers much
compressed, often beset with hairlets at the base, seldom
numerous in their spikelet ; fruit-supporting bracts lined
by five venules ; stamens three ; hilum much shorter than
the fruit. Poa. 2104
Fruit-supporting bracts three-lobed at the summit.
Spikelets generally arranged in a panicle ; fruit-supporting
bracts rigid, dorsally convex, lined by three venules ;
stamens three. Triodia. 2112
555. Fruit-supporting bracts three-awned.
Spikelets arranged in a contracted or somewhat spreading
panicle; rhacheole jointed bet ween all the flowers; stamens
three. Triraphis. 2113
Fruit-supporting bracts one-awned ... ... ... 556
Victorian Plants. 113
556. Clusters of spikelets spikelike-crowded.
Flowers very small ; awns of the fruit-supporting bracts
very short ; stamen one. Elytrophorus. 2114
Spikelets paniculate d or simply spicated ... ... 557
567. Inflorescence smooth.
Spikes solitary or oftener arranged in a panicle ; fruit-
supporting bracts membranous, bilobed at the summit;
awn minute ; stamens three. Diplachne. 2115
Inflorescence beset with hairlets ... ... 558
558. Fruit-supporting bracts usually bilobed and long-awned.
Spikelets arranged in a panicle or raceme; bracts firm; fruit-
supporting bracts always shorter than the empty bracts,
dorsally convex and often fascicularly bearded, lined by
seven to nine venules ; the lobes usually pointed or short-
awned. (Danthoinia. ) Danthonia. 2116
Fruit-supporting bracts entire, minutely awned.
" Reeds," often tall; spikelets arranged in an ample panicle,
their rhacheoles beset with long and soft hairlets ; fruit-
supporting bracts transparent ; stamens three.
Arundo. 2121
AC0T1ZT.EDONEAE VASCULARES.
RHIZ.OSPERMAE.
559. Floating minute flat plants much branched.
Plants often somewhat reddish ; leaf -like organs in rows ;
fruit-masses transparent, globular, axillary, sessile.
Figure 127. Azolla. 2122
Submersed or semiaquatic small plants ... 560
560. Fronds stalked, their four flat segments placed cross-
like.
Fruit-masses hard, compressed, basal, often stalked.
Figure 128. Marsilea. 2123
Fronds reduced to thinly cylindrical and pointed stalk-
like organs, without any foliaceous expansions ... 561
i
114 Key to the System of
561. Creeping plants with mostly dispersed stalk -like
organs.
Fruit-masses globular, small, basal, sessile, hardly trans-
parent. Pilularia. 2124
Tufted plants with crowded stalk-like organs.
Fruit-masses clasped by the base of the stalk-like fronds,
transparent. Isoetes. 2125
ZiVCOPODINAZS.
562. Leaf-like organs basal.
Root tuberous ; stem very short, leafless; spore-caselets in a
spike, uniform, supported by bract-like organs, longi-
tudinally dehiscent. Figure 131. Pliylloglossum. 2126
Leaf-like organs along the stem and branches ... 563
563. Spore-caselets accompanied by a second form of fructi-
fying caselets.
Leaf -like organs minute, often in four rows, tender ; spore-
caselets in spikes, supported by leaf-like or bract-like
organs. Selaginella. 2127
Spore-caselets unaccompanied .by a second form of
fructifying caselets ... 564
564. Spore-caselets comparatively small, one-celled.
Leaf -like organs small, often densely crowded and rather
rigid ; spore-caselets longitudinally dehiscent, singly ax-
illary or in spikes, and then supported by leaf -like or
bract-like organs. Figure 130. Lycopodium. 2128
Spore-caselets comparatively large, usually two-celled.
Leaf-like organs relatively large, scattered, the upper
bract-like and divided into two segments ; spore-caselets
axillary, sessile, somewhat compressed, broad, two-lobed
or exceptionally three-lobed, longitudinally dehiscent.
Figure 129. Tmesipteris. 2133
FXXiXCES.
565. Spore-caselets firm, seldom very minute, almost or
quite sessile, opening regularly by a slit ... ... 566
Spore-caselets very minute, transparent, often on stalk-
lets, ruptured irregularly ... ... ... ... 570
Victorian Plants. 115
566. Spore-caselets opening by a transverse slit ... ... 567
Spore-caselets opening by a longitudinal or vertical
slit 568
567. Sterile frond solitary, often leaf-like, entire.
Glabrous ferns, usually quite small, rarely large and then
epiphytal, never ramified ; spore-caselets in an often
terminal spike, biseriate, devoid of any ringlet ; bracteal
organs absent. Ophioglossum. 2134
Sterile frond solitary, divided into segments.
Glabrous ferns, usually rather small or even minute ; spore-
caselets in paniculated spikes, biseriate, devoid of any
ringlet ; bracteal organs absent. Botrychium. 2135
Spore-caselets terminated by a radiating ringlet.
Small or even minute ferns; fronds or their segments always
very narrow ; sterile fronds several, entire or divided
into segments ; fruit-masses usually on a singly terminal
pinnule and reaching beyond it ; pinnule beset with
hairlets ; spore-caselets opening by a longitudinal slit on
one side. Figure 132. Schizaea. 2136
Spore-caselets surrounded by a transverse ringlet ... 569
569. Spore-caselets two, three or few to each frond-segment.
Ferns often tall, slender and dichotomously branched;
segments of the pinnules in two rows ; fruit-masses on
the lower side of the frond and overreached by its
segments ; spore-caselets opening by a longitudinal slit.
Figure 136. Gleichenia. 2137
Spore-caselets crowded.
Ferns either tall or big and then with thick fronds, or rather
dwarf and then with transparent fronds ; fruit-masses on
the lower side of dilated or much contracted frond-
segments, usually in large patches ; spore-caselets opening
by a longitudinal slit, partly surrounded by an imperfect
transverse ringlet. Figure 137. (Todea.) Osmuuda. 2140
570. Arborescent ferns with tall trunks ... ... ... 571
Ferns from dwarf to rather tall, but without any
arborescent trunk ... ... ... ... 573
116 Key to the System of
571. Fruit-cover absent.
Ferntrees of palm-like aspect, seldom trunkless plants ;
fruit-masses on the under side of the frond, roundish,
emanating from a prominent receptacle, devoid, of any
cover, but often surrounded by a rudimentary fringy
membrane ; spore-caselets sessile or provided with rather
short stalklets, longitudinally almost surrounded by an
often somewhat imperfect ringlet. Figure 138.
Alsophila. 2141
Fruit-cover present ... ... ... ... ... 572
572. Fruit-masses on the under side of the frond.
Ferntrees of palm -like aspect, rarely almost trunkless
plants ; fruit-cover usually cup-shaped, entire or at the
summit lacerated ; fruit-masses roundish, emanating from
a prominent receptacle ; spore-caselets longitudinally
almost surrounded by an often somewhat imperfect ring-
let. Figure 135. Cyathea. 2142
Fruit-masses at the margin of the frond.
Ferntrees of palm-like aspect ; fruit-cover deeply bilobed,
opening from its summit downward ; spore-caselets longi-
tudinally almost surrounded by an often somewhat im-
perfect ringlet. Figure 139. Dicksonia. 2145
573. Fronds usually untransparent... ... ... ... 574
i
Fronds usually transparent ... ... 586
574. Fruit-cover absent ... ... ... ... ... 575
Fruit-cover present ... ... ... ... ... 577
575. Fruit-masses at the margin of the frond below. (Also
Asplenium partly. )
Ferns, seldom tall ; fruit-masses minute, often confluent ;
a spurious cover sometimes imperfectly formed by the
recurved margin of the frond ; spore-caselets longi-
tudinally almost surrounded by an often somewhat
imperfect ringlet. Figures 143 and 144.
(Notochlaena.) Cheilanthes. 2144
Fruit-masses on the under side of the frond away
from the margin ... ... ... ... ... 576
Victorian Plants. 117
576. Fruit-masses elongated, often linear.
Ferns, varying from dwarf to tall in stature ; spore-
caselets longitudinally almost surrounded by an imperfect
ringlet. Figure 152. Grammitis. 2146
Fruit-masses abbreviated, often roundish.
Ferns, varying from dwarf to tall in stature, but never
really arborescent ; fruit-masses roundish or sometimes
oval or even narrow-elliptical, some rarely almost mar-
ginal ; spore-caselets usually on very conspicuous stalk-
lets, longitudinally almost surrounded by an imperfect
ringlet. Figure 151. JPolypodium. 2147
577. Fruit-masses at the margin of the frond below ... 578
Fruit-masses on the under side of the frond away
from the margin. (Exception: Lomaria partly).. ... 582
578. Fruit-cover generally abbreviated ... ... ... 579
Fruit-cover generally elongated ... ... ... 581
579. Fruit-cover formed by a recurved lobule of the frond.
Ferns, usually of conspicuous size ; fruit-cover minute,
scale-like, passing gradually into the margin of the
frond ; spore-caselets longitudinally almost surrounded
by an imperfect ringlet. Hypolepis. 2152
Fruit-cover distinct ... ... ... ... ... 580
580. Fruit-cover opening outward.
Ferns, varying from dwarf to tall in stature ; fruit-cover
generally almost cup-shaped or tubular, entire, opening
vertically; spore-caselets longitudinally almost surrounded
by an often imperfect ringlet. Figure 140. Davallia. 2153
Fruit-cover opening inward.
Ferns, varying in size, but generally not very tall ; fronds
outward almost impervious to moisture, their segments
without any prominent middle-venule ; fruit-cover gene-
rally short and often imperfectly circular or reniform ;
spore-caselets attached to the inner side of the fruit-cover,
longitudinally almost surrounded by an imperfect ringlet.
Figure 142. Adiantum. 2155
118 Key to the System of
581. Fruit-cover opening outward.
Ferns, oftener dwarf than tall in stature; fruit-cover linear;
spore-caselets longitudinally almost surrounded by an
often somewhat imperfect ringlet. Figure 141.
Lindsaya, 2158
Fruit-cover opening inward.
Ferns, varying from small to large ; fruit- cover linear ;
spore-caselets attached to a filiform receptacle along the
base of the fruit-cover, longitudinally almost surrounded
by an imperfect ringlet. Figure 145. Pteris. 2159
582. Fruit-masses parallel to the rhachis of the frond or
its segments ... ... ... ... ... ... 583
Fruit-masses diverging from the rhachis of the frond
or its segments ... ... ... ... ... 585
583. Some of the fronds fertile, others sterile, the latter
broader.
Ferns, varying from dwarf to tall in stature ; fruit-masses
along the rhacheal prominence of their frond or that of any
of its segments, much elongated, spreading over nearly
the whole frondal under-side ; fruit-cover very elongated ;
spore-caselets longitudinally almost surrounded by an
often somewhat imperfect ringlet. Figure 146.
Lomaria. 2165
Most fronds fertile and all quite similar ... ... 584
584. Fruit-masses much elongated, always in a single row
along each side of the rhacheal prominence of the
frond or its segments.
Ferns, oftener tall than dwarf; cover of the fruit-masses
membranous, uninterrupted, arising at a distance from
the margin of the frond ; fruit-cover very elongated ;
spore-caselets longitudinally almost surrounded by an
imperfect ringlet. Figure 147. BlecliilUlll. 2170
Fruit-masses somewhat elongated, in one or two rows
at some distance from the rhacheal prominence of
the frond or its segments.
Ferns, generally small ; fruit-cover opening inward ; spore-
caselets longitudinally surrounded by an imperfect ring-
let. Figure 148. (Doodia.) Woodwardia. 2171
Victorian Plants. 119
585. Fruit-cover somewhat or very much elongated.
Ferns, varying from dwarf to tall, seldom developing
trunks and then imitating tree-ferns ; fruit masses rarely
almost marginal ; fruit-cover linear, seldom narrow-
elliptical ; spore-caselets longitudinally almost surrounded
by an often somewhat imperfect ringlet. Figure 149.
Asplenium. 2172
Fruit-cover abbreviated.
Ferns, usually of conspicuous size, seldom very small ;
fruit-cover from orbicular to renate, opening circularly or
almost unilaterally ; spore-caselets longitudinally almost
surrounded by an often somewhat imperfect ringlet.
Figure 150. Aspidium. 2180
586. Fruit-cover deeply bilobed.
Delicate and often small ferns; receptacle generally enclosed;
spore-caselets longitudinally almost surrounded by an
often somewhat imperfect ringlet. Figure 134.
Hymenophyllum. 2185
Fruit-cover entire or slightly lobed.
Ferns, often delicate and dwarf ; fruit-cover cup-shaped or
tubular ; fruit-masses on a generally exserted hair-like
receptacle; spore-caselets longitudinally almost sur*-
rounded by an often somewhat imperfect ringlet.
Figure 133. Trichomanes. 2187
SPECIES OF PLANTS.
RANUNCULACEAE.
RANUNCULUS.
587. Petals white 588
Petals yellow 590
588. Submerged leaves divided into numerous hair-like
segments.
Water-plant, quite glabrous except the fruit ; style very
short. H. aqua'tilis.
Leaves divided into linear or broadish segments or
lobes 589
120 Key to the System of
589. Segments of leaves linear.
Semiaquatic, alpine plant, quite dwarf ; petals five to ten ;
styles recurved. R. Millani.
Segments of leaves broadish.
Terrestrial, alpine plant, rather tall; petals generally
numerous and large; styles recurved. Figure 1.
R. anemoneus.
590. Leaves quite or nearly lobeless.
Alpine plant, rather dwarf, beset with appressed hairlets ;
leaves nearly elliptic-cuneate ; stem one -flowered ; styles
almost straight. R. Muelleri.
Leaves lobed or dissected ... ... ... ... 591
591. Styles nearly or quite straight ... ... 592
Styles recurved ... ... ... ... ... 593
592. Tufted.
Alpine, rather robust plant; leaves somewhat succulent,
dissected into numerous narrow lobes ; sepals elongated,
elliptical ; petals five to ten, often purplish outside.
R. Guniiianus.
Creeping or somewhat floating.
Generally glabrous, seldom robust plant ; main segments of
leaves unitedly emanating from the stalk ; petals five to
twelve. R. rivnlaris.
593. Sepals appressed.
From dwarf to tall, much beset with hairlets ; main segments
of leaves somewhat pinnately arranged, incised or in-
dented ; petals usually five, comparatively large ; fruit-
lets smooth. R. lappaceus.
Sepals reflexed 594
594. Fruitlets smooth.
Rather tall plant, beset with soft hairlets ; main segments
of leaves unitedly emanating from the stalk, incised or
indented ; petals usually five. R. hirtus.
Victorian Plants. 121
Fruitlets rough.
Annual, erect plant, often beset with soft hairlets ; stems
leafy, weak, never tall ; leaves small, much dissected ;
flowers mostly opposite to the leaves, sessile or short-
stalked, very small ; styles very short.
R. parviflorns.
BXYOSTTXIUS.
595. Style shorter than its fruitlet.
Glabrous ; petals pale, either yellowish or greenish, occa-
sionally undeveloped; stamens twenty or fewer, sometimes
reduced to five. M. minimus.
CLEMATIS.
596. Anthers terminated by a pointed appendage.
Segments of leaves lanceolate- or cordate-oval, rather rigid,
often indented ; stamiiiate and pistillate flowers mostly
on separate plants ; sepals pure- or yellowish-white, com-
paratively large. C. aristata.
Anthers without any appendage.
Segments of leaves linear- or oval- elliptical, rather flaccid ;
staminate and pistillate flowers mostly on separate plants;
sepals yellowish-white ; four of the outer stamens not
rarely enlarged and alternating with the sepals.
Cv micropliylla,
CAX.THA.
597. Basal lobes of the leaves inflexed upwards.
..Dwarf plant; leaves small, shining, without any denticu-
lations beyond the two lobes, cordate- or elliptical-ovate ;
sepals five to eight, white, linear-lanceolar.
C. introloba.
OX»X ACBAB.
DRXTOYS.
598. Fruitlets one to four, the stigma of each decurrent.
From a dwarf shrub to a small tree, restricted to subalpine
or cool forest-country ; leaves from narrow-elliptical to
lanceolar-ovate, narrowed into the base, not rarely of a
reddish tint ; umbels terminal, nearly sessile. Native
"Pepper-tree." Figure 3. D. aromatica.
122 Key to the System of
NYMFHAEACEAE.
CABOniBA.
599. Stamens and pistils indefinite in number.
Leaves all oval or elliptical, centrally fixed, entire, their
lower page as well as the stem and leaf- and flower-stalks
mucously coated ; sepals and petals purplish inside ;
stamens twelve to thirty-six ; ovularies four to eighteen.
C. peltata.
ANONACE AE.
X* UFO BX ATX A.
600. Anthers without any terminal much elongated ap-
pendage.
Tall shrub or small tree ; leaves from broad-lanceolar to
almost ovate ; flowers soon lateral ; sterile stamens all
connivent, from ovate to narrow-elliptical, greenish-
yellow, turning brownish, shorter than the fertile stamens;
fruit almost urnshaped. E. lanrina.
DILX.ENXACEAE.
KIBBERTZA.
601. Twining or climbing.
Leaves large, oval, denticulated ; stamens all around the
pistils. K. deutata.
Erect, diffuse or prostrate ... ... ... ... 602
602. Stamens placed around the pistils ... ... ... 603
Stamens placed on one side of the pistils ... ... 608
603. Leaves strongly recurved at the margin.
Leaves very small, from narrow-elliptical to oval; flowers
stalked ; appendage of seeds short. H. serpillifblia.
Leaves almost or quite flat ... ... ... ... 604
604. Bracts large.
Erect or diffuse; leaves broad- or cuneate-linear, blunt,
somewhat channelled ; flowers sessile. H. virgata.
Bracts small ... ... ... ... ... ... 605
Victorian Plants. 123
605. Leaves narrow 606
Leaves broadish ... ... ... ... ... 607
606. Leaves rather long, broad-linear, pointed.
Always prostrate and nearly always glabrous ; leaves some-
what channelled, very often glabrous ; flowers almost
sessile, rather large; stamens many; seeds usually several;
appendage of seeds fringed. H. aiigustifolia.
Leaves rather short, narrow-linear.
Prostrate or oftener diffuse or erect ; leaves small, some-
what channelled, often fascicled, nearly always beset with
hairlets ; flowers sessile, rather small ; stamens several ;
seeds usually two. H. fasciculata.
607. Leaves generally indented at the summit.
Often spreading and glabrous ; leaves rather small, con-
spicuously stalked, from spatular- to obcordate-cuneate,
dark-green above ; flowers almost sessile, rather small ;
stamens many ; fruitlets one to three. H. diffusa.
Leaves generally entire.
Often erect and densely beset with minute hairlets ; leaves
flat or somewhat recurved at the margin, short-stalked,
greyish-green on both sides, from elliptical- to spatular-
cuneate, usually entire; flowers almost sessile, rather
large ; stamens several or many ; fruitlets often two or
three ; appendage of seeds fringed. H. obtusif olia.
608. Flowers usually on rather long stalks ... ... 609
Flowers nearly or quite sessile ... ... (bis.) 610
609. Leaves recurved at the margin.
Mostly erect, sometimes tall ; leaves from obovate to narrow-
elliptical, at the base cuneate; seeds one to two; appendage
of seeds somewhat or hardly lobed. H. Billardieri.
Leaves repressed at the margin ... ... ... 610
610. Leaves pungent.
Mostly prostrate or diffuse ; leaves linear, glabrous, rigid,
acute ; stamens few ; appendage of seeds almost lobeless.
H. acicularis.
124 Key to the System of
Leaves blunt.
Always much beset with spreading hairlets, prostrate ;
leaves linear ; petals only about as long as the sepals;
seeds four to eight ; appendage of seeds almost lobeless.
Figure 2. H. humifusa.
610. Leaves repressed at the margin.
(bis.) Erect or diffuse; leaves almost linear, rather blunt ; flowers
scattered, often terminal, usually sessile ; seeds only one
or two ; appendage of seeds somewhat lobed.
H. stricta.
Leaves recurved at the margin.
Erect, never tall, always much beset with appressed hair-
lets ; leaves from almost ovate-lanceolar to narrow-
elliptical ; flowers crowded at and towards the summit of
the branchlets, almost sessile ; outer sepals with a
somewhat silky vestiture outside ; appendage of seeds
short, carnulent, lobeless. H. cleiisiflora.
IVIONIiyilE AE.
ATHEROSPERBXA.
611. Anthers without any terminal much elongated ap-
pendage.
Finally a tree; bark aromatic; leaves opposite, from almost
lanceolar to nearly ovate, but always acute, usually
serrated, greyish or whitish underneath ; staminate and
pistillate flowers mostly on separate plants, always
solitary, fragrant ; bracts two, conspicuous, forming
early a bivalved involucre. A. moschatum.
HEDYCAR1TA.
612. Fruitlets very small, sessile.
Finally a tree; leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolar, denticulated;
racemes few-flowered; staminate and pistillate flowers on
separate plants; fruitlets from pale-yellowish turning
in age dark. Figure 4. H. Cunningham.!.
BEENISPERIVIEAE.
SARCOPETAXiUBX.
613. Petals very carnulent.
Leaves cordate, mostly entire; staminate and pistillate
flowers on separate plants ; sepals and petals two to five ;
filaments below the free summit connate ; anthers two-
celled. Figure 6. S. Harveyanum.
Victorian Plants. 125
STEFHANIA.
614. Headlets of flowers umbellate.
Leaves entire, ovate- or somewhat cordate-orbicular, nar-
rowed into an acute apex ; staminate and pistillate flowers
on separate plants ; sepals six to ten ; petals three to five ;
filaments quite connate ; anthers one-celled.
S. heruandifolia.
LAURACE AE.
CASSYTHA.
615. Stem and branches threadlike.
Glabrous ; flowers crowded ; fruit ellipsoid, red or yellow,
very succulent. Figure 5. C. glabella.
Stem and branches moderately or quite thick ... 616
616. Flowers distant in spikes.
Beset with short often brownish hairlets ; stem and branches
comparatively thick ; fruit pear-shaped.
C. phaeolasia.
Flowers crowded ... ... ... ... ... 617
617. Stem and branches rather thick.
Much beset with short hairlets ; fruit globular.
C. pubescens.
Stem and branches quite thick.
Glabrous, except the flowers ; calyces beset with short often
blackish hairlets ; fruit rather large, globular, green.
C. melantha.
PAPAVERACEAE.
PAPAVER.
618. Beset with rigid spreading scattered hairlets.
Leaves incised, their lobes short and comparatively broad j
petals rather small, brick-colored ; filaments about half as
long as the petals, upwards capillary ; anthers yellowish ;
placentaries extending scarcely half-way to the centre of
• the fruit. p. aculeattun.
126 Key to the System of
CRUCIFXSRAE.
CA&ZX.ZS.
619. Flowers relatively large.
Plant of diffuse habit, here in full growth throughout the
year ; leaves here either short -lobed or almost entire,
generally cuneate-elliptical. C . maritima.
STENOPETALUBI.
619. Fruit longer than its stalklet.
(ms.) Generally glabrous ; leaves visually narrow, entire or linear-
lobed ; petals almost half exserted, dull brownish -yellow ;
fruits ellipsoid-cylindrical, erect. S. liiieare.
Fruit about as long as its stalklet ... ... ... 620
620. Fruit ovate-ellipsoid.
Densely beset with very short hairlets ; leaves narrow ;
fruits erect. S. velut ilium.
Fruit globular.
Glabrous, often depressed ; stem and branches very slender ;
leaves small, entire and narrow or linear-lobed ; petals
more than half exserted, whitish ; fruits deflexed.
S. spliaerocarpum.
TOENK.EA.
621. Fruit much compressed, ovate-elliptical.
Leaves spatular- or elliptical-cuneate ; fruits shorter than
their stalklets or hardly as long. IKE. Aus trails.
AXiYSSUlK.
622. Fruit flat.
Small, annual ^ herb; leaves linear; petals minute, pale-
colored ; fruits from oval to orbicular ; seeds four to six
in each cell. A. minimum •
623. Leaves very narrow, undivided ... ... ... 624
Leaves mostly broadish, denticulated or variously
divided ... ... ... 626
Victorian Plants. 127
624. Fruit bluntly bilobed at the summit.
Somewhat shrubby ; leaves semicylindric-linear, undivided;
sepals elongated ; petals almost linear ; fruit large, almost
ovate. L. leptopetaliim.
Fruit acutely bilobed at the summit ... ... ... 625
Petals present.
ves linear, carnulent ;
, margined towards th
L. phlebopetalum.
Perennial; leaves linear, carnulent; anthers purplish; fruit
rather large, margined towards the summit.
Petals absent.
Leaves linear, entire ; stamens four ; fruit almost orbicular,
minutely bilobed, margined all round.
L. monoplocoides.
626. Fruit conspicuously bilobed.
Annual ; stem and branches beset with minute papillules ;
stem-leaves broadish, indented or denticulated, bilobed
at the base ; petals none ; stamens four ; stigma sessile ;
fruit oval-obcordate. L. papillosum.
Fruit minutely bilobed .~ 627
627. Stamens six.
Stem-leaves from wedge-shaped to oval- or linear-lanceolar,
partly indented or incised; sepals and petals minute;
fruit small, elliptic-oval. L. foliosum.
Stamens two.
Stem-leaves linear- or cuneate-lanceolar, entire or indented
or incised ; sepals minute ; petals generally none ; fruit
very small, roundish-oval ; its lobes very minute.
L. ruderale.
NASTURTIUM.
628. Petals about as long as the sepals, yellow.
Leaves pinnatilobed or some merely indented, the terminal
lobe of the lower leaves enlarged, the other lobes some-
what elliptical or ovate ; style short; seeds pale -brownish,
outside closely dotted-reticular. N. terrestre.
128 Key to the System of
CAFSEXiXiA.
629. Fruit nearly oval-obcordate, longer than its stalklet.
Beset with short hairlets ; leaves entire or denticulated,
from lanceolar to rhomboid ; stalklets rather thick ; seeds
few in each fruit-cell. C. pilosula.
Fruit oval-ellipsoid, shorter than its stalklet ... ' 630
630. Petals almost enclosed.
Always glabrous; leaves entire, from lanceolar to nearly
ovate or the upper linear ; stalklets very thin ; seeds
rather numerous in each fruit-cell. C . elliptica.
Petals conspicuously exserted.
Often beset with short hairlets ; leaves mostly pinnatifid or
denticulated, from spatular or lanceolar to linear and
hastate ; sepals long-persistent ; stalklets very thin ; seeds
several in each fruit-cell. C . antipoda.
CARDAIttlNE.
631. Leaves bilobed at the base, otherwise all only denti-
culated.
Usually tall ; leaves sessile, elliptic-lanceolar ; petals less
than half exserted ; style elongated ; fruit several times
longer than the stalklet ; seeds dark-brown outside and
densely reticulated. C. stylosa.
Leaves almost lobeless at the base, the lower pinnati-
sected. ... ... ... ... ... ... 632
632. Seeds reticulated outside.
Usually tall ; upper leaves from lanceolar to almost linear ;
petals more than half exserted ; style elongated ; fruit
often about twice as long as the stalklet ; seeds black
outside. C. dictyosperma.
Seeds smooth 633
633. Stamens six.
Generally glabrous; leaves pinnatisected, with segments
from roundish to linear ; seeds in one row, brown outside.
(C. hirsuta.) C. parviflora.
Stamens four 634
Victorian Plants. 129
634. Style abbreviated.
Glabrous ; leaves mostly basal, from lanceolar to linear,
pinnatisected, with narrow segments, or some incised or
only denticulated ; petals little longer than the sepals ;
fruits distant, the lowest down to near the base of the
stem, about thrice as long as their stalklets ; seeds brown.
C. laciuiata.
Style elongated.
Dwarf ; leaves pinnatisected, their segments from elliptical
to rhomboid, mostly indented ; sepals longer than the
petals ; fruits generally several times longer than their
stalklets ; seeds very minute, in two rows, brown.
C. eustylis.
635. Petals yellow.
Annual, rather dwarf ; leaves from lanceolar to broad-
linear, indented or some entire ; fruits hardly longer
than their stalklets; venule of valves carinular-prominent;
dissepiment ianceolar. E. curvipes.
Petals white or pink ... ...... 636
636. Perennial.
Subalpine plant ; leaves from spatulate-lanceolar to rhom-
boid ; fruit quadrangular-ellipsoid, acute, comparatively
small, about as long as the stalklet ; seeds shining, dark-
brown and reticulated outside. E. capsellinuxii.
Annual ... ... ... ... ... 637
637. Fruit hardly or slightly longer than its stalklet.
Leaves mostly lanceolar in outline, indented or pinnatifid ;
petals much longer than the calyx ; fruits lanceolar -
ellipsoid, much beset with hairlets ; carinular venule of
the valves faint. Figure 8. E. lasiocarpum.
Fruit much longer than its stalklet ... ... ... 638
638. Fruit lanceolar-cylindrical, few times longer than broad.
Upper leaves from lanceolar to rhomboid, indented or
denticulated ; lower leaves spatular in outline, pinnati-
lobed or incised ; petals hardly longer than the calyx ;
fruits lanceolar- ellipsoid, several times longer than their
thick stalklets, beset with very short hairlets ; carinular
venule of the valves faint. E. brevipes.
130 Key to the System of
Fruit narrow-cylindrical, many times longer than broad.
Lower leaves from lanceolar to elliptical, pinnatifid or
incised, upper leaves gradually almost linear, indented
or entire; flowers comparatively large; stigma ample;
dissepiment of fruit elongate -linear. E. Blennodia.
BARBAHAEA.
639. Fruit slightly spreading, linear-quadrangular.
Rather tall herb ; lowest leaves spatular in outline, pinnati-
sected, with a much enlarged terminal segment ; upper
leaves from spatular-ovate to cuneate-rhomboid, incised
or indented ; flowers crowded. B. vulgaris.
ARABZS.
640. Petals yellowish-white.
Rather tall herb, greyish -green ; lowest leaves from almost
spatular to cuneate-elliptical, incised or indented, beset
with branched hairlets ; upper leaves with an acutely
bilobed and sessile base, from ovate- to linear-lanceolar,
mostly entire, glabrous ; fruits strictly erect, many times
longer than their stalklets ; venule of valves carinular ;
seeds in each fruit-cell almost biseriate, narrowly
margined. A. glabra.
WIIiCKIA.
641. Stigmas narrow, decurrent along the acutely conical
short style.
Annual herb ; leaves almost lanceolar, indented or denticu-
lated ; calyces several times longer than their stalklets ;
fruit rather elongated, much beset with hairlets ; longi-
tudinal venules of valves thin. W. Africaiia.
SISYSIBRIUM.
642. Petals yellow.
Annual, glabrous ; leaves mostly pinnatifid, their lobes few,
very narrow and entire ; fruits only about as long as their
slender stalklets. S. nasturtioides.
Petals white 643
643. Annual.
Scantily beset with hairlets ; lower leaves pinnatifid, their
lobes from oblique-lanceolar to deltoid ; upper leaves few,
indented or entire; fruits filiform-cylindrical, about twice
as long as their stalklets, or in a stemless state of this
Victorian Plants. 131
plant very short, rather thick and turgid, singly forming
on their stalks and during maturation burying themselves
in the ground ; the flowers of this state very minute.
(Geococcuspusillus.) S. cardaminoides.
Perennial ... ... ••• — 644
644. Leaves incised, the lobes broadish.
Robust, beset with short hairlets ; lobes of the leaves acute ;
stigma rather large ; fruits twice or thrice as long as their
thick stalklets. S. Lucae.
Leaves mostly trisected, the segments very narrow.
A somewhat woody desert-plant, quite glabrous ; leaves
numerous, greyish -green, some undivided ; petals com-
paratively large, nearly orbicular ; fruits twice or thrice
as long as their slender stalklets. S. trisectum.
CAPPARIDEA.E.
CAPPARIS.
645. Outer sepals at first entirely connate, at last separating
by irregular rupture, inner sepals petal-like.
A small desert-tree ; leaves firm, from lanceolar-elliptical to
almost ovate, above pale-green, particularly beneath as
well as the branchlets densely beset with greyish short
hairlets ; flowers solitary, comparatively large ; petals
white, somewhat denticulated ; fruit very large, globular,
its outermost portion (pericarp) almost crust-like, the
inner portion somewhat pulpy. Figure 7.
C. Mitchell!.
DROSERACEAE.
DROSERA.
646. Leaves all basal 647
Leaves also along the stem ... ... ... ... 652
647. Leaves divided into two or more lobes.
Tall plant ; root fibrous ; leaf-lobes long and narrow ;
racemes two or more, constituting a cymous panicle ;
flowers large ; styles usually three, penicillar-multifid ;
seeds linear-filiform. D. binata.
Leaves undivided ••• ... ... ... ... 648
132 Key to the System of
648. Flower one 649
Flowers more than one ... 651
649. Leaves orbicular, very minute.
Minute plant ; stipules scarious ; leaves inserted above their
base, rosulate- arranged ; flower on a capillary glabrous
stalk, minute ; sepals, petals, stamens and styles four ;
seeds ovate. D, pygmaea.
Leaves elongated ... ... 650
650. Leaves obovate-cuneate.
Root tuber-bearing ; leaves comparatively large, rosulate-
arranged ; flowers large ; their stalks hardly longer than
the leaves ; styles three, penicillar-multifid ; seeds nearly
ovate. Figure 11. D. Whittakeri.
Leaves linear-elliptical.
Alpine plant ; root somewhat creeping ; leaves alternate but
crowded ; flower-stalk from hardly longer than the leaves
to twice as long ; styles usually three, undivided ; stigmas
renate ; outer seed-membrane bluntly protracted.
D. Arcturi.
651. Leaves roundish.
Dwarf plant ; root fibrous ; leaves rosulate-arranged, very
small ; racemes dense, beset with glandule-bearing hair-
lets ; flowers small ; petals crimson ; stigmas three, bifid ;
seeds ovate-globular. D. glanduligera.
Leaves spatular.
Root fibrous ; leaves rosulate-arranged ; racemes on rather
long stalks, beset with glandule-bearing hairlets ; flowers
small ; styles three, bifid ; seeds ellipsoid.
D. spatulata.
652. Leaves very much longer than broad.
Root fibrous; leaves scattered, long-linear, acute, undivided;
racemes lateral, slightly beset with glandule-bearing hair-
lets ; styles three, bifid ; seeds ovate. D. Indica.
Leaves about as long as broad ... ... ... 653
Victorian Plants. 133
653. Stem-leaves orbicular, fixed at their centre.
Climbing or twining plant; root tuber-bearing ; leaves singly
scattered or two or three together ; flowers large ; styles
penicillar-multifid ; seed -membrane bluntly expanded.
D, Menziesii.
Stem-leaves semiorbicular-crescentshaped, fixed at the
base ... 654
654. Calyx beset with hairlets.
Erect ; root tuber-bearing ; leaves small, singly or ternately
scattered; sepals closely appressed; styles three, penicillar-
multifid ; seeds ovate. D. peltata.
Calyx glabrous.
Erect ; root tuber-bearing ; leaves small, singly or ternately
scattered ; sepals laxly appressed ; styles three, penicillar
multifid ; seed -membrane narrowly much expanded.
D. auriculata.
VIOLACEAE.
HYZKENANTHISRA.
655. Leaves mostly small, entire or bluntly denticulated.
Shrub, in the lowlands tall, in the alps dwarfed ; leaves
rigid, generally from elliptical- to cuneate-linear ; flowers
axillary, on very short stalklets, fragrant ; petals yel-
lowish ; fruit small. H. Banksii.
HYBANTHUS.
656. Shrubby.
From rather dwarf to tall, glabrous ; leaves scattered, from
lanceolar- to broad -linear ; flowers generally few together,
on a short stalk ; petals somewhat bluish. Figure 9.
H. fioribundus.
Herbaceous ... ... ... ... ... ... 657
657. Flowers axillary, solitary, on short stalks.
Slender, glabrous herb ; leaves all scattered, from lanceolar-
to narrow-linear, entire ; lower petal blue.
H. Vernoni.
Flowers racemose, the racemes on long stalks.
Slender, glabrous herb ; upper leaves opposite, linear,
entire ; lower petal blue. H. filiformis.
134 Key to the System of
VIOLA.
658. Stem erect or recumbent.
Leaves cordate or somewhat renate ; petals white.
V. Caleyana.
Stemless or with rooting offshoots ... ... ... 659
659. Leaves from renate to cuneate-rhomboid.
Offshoots rooting ; petals mixedly white and lilac or bluish.
V. hederacea.
Leaves from elliptical to broad-oval, with a bilobed
or rounded base.
Stemless ; flowerstalks much elongated ; petals violet.
V. betonicifolia.
FOI.YGAI.EAi:.
FOX.1TGAX.A.
660. Leaves from roundish-ovate to lanceolar.
Dwarf, perennial herb ; leaves small, scattered, flat, their
secondary venules reticulated; flowers small, in corymbous
racemes ; interior sepals obovate, nearly as long as the
fringe-crested anterior petal and the obcordate-orbicular
fruit. P. Sibirica.
COIKESFERIKA.
661. Climbing or twining.
Leaves from lanceolar or elliptical to linear, distant ; flowers
generally blue; outer sepals disunited, much shorter than
the inner ; fruit elliptical-cuneate, attenuated into a
narrow base. C. volubile.
Erect 662
662. Flowers blue ... ... 663
Flowers pink ... ... ... ... ... ... 665
663. Fruit broadly cuneate-obovate.
A rigid, shrubby plant ; leaves distant, minute, pungent ;
outer sepals disunited, about half as long as the orbicular
inner sepals. C. SCOparium.
Fruit much narrowed downwards ... ... ... 664
Victorian Plants. 135
664. Leaves from ovate- to linear-lanceolar.
Dwarf, slender herb ; outer sepals not much shorter than the
inner ; fruit spathular-cuiieate, angular at the summit ;
seeds beset with curly hairlets. C. calymega.
Leafless or with a few narrow leaves.
Dwarf, very slender herb ; outer sepals not much shorter
than the inner ; fruit spathular, rounded at the summit ;
seeds beset with straight hairlets. C. defoliatuni.
665. Dwarf, almost herbaceous.
Leaves from elliptical- to linear-lanceolar ; two of the outer
sepals united, all much shorter than the inner ; fruit nar-
rowly spathular-cuneate. Figure 13. C. polygaloides.
Rather tall, almost shrubby ... ... ... 666
666. Leaves inflexed at the margin, rather broad.
Shrubby plant ; leaves numerous, oval-elliptical, blunt ;
outer sepals disunited, much shorter than the inner ;
fruit short-bilobed at the summit. C. retusum.
Leaves reflexed at the margin, rather narrow.
Somewhat shrubby plant ; leaves numerous, from elliptical-
to linear-lanceolar, pointed ; outer sepals disunited, much
shorter than the inner; fruit truncate at the summit.
C. ericinum.
HYFERXCINAE.
HYFERXCT7TO.
667. Fruit one-celled, three-valved.
Small, glabrous herb, from erect to almost prostrate ; leaves
from oval- to lanceolar-elliptical ; flowers variable in size,
never very large ; sepals lanceolar ; fruit oval-ellipsoid ;
placentaries narrow -linear. H. Japonicum.
ELATINE.
668. Dissepiments of fruit evanescent.
Small, glabrous plant ; leaves membranous, entire, from
spathular- and orbicular-elliptical to lanceolar- and linear-
elliptical ; flowers sessile, scattered ; sepals, petals, sta-
mens, styles and fruit- valves two to four ; seeds slightly
curved. £. Americana.
136 Key to the System of
BERQIA.
669. Stamens as many as sepals and as petals.
Small plant, erect or oftener somewhat prostrate, beset with
short hairlets ; leaves firm, ovate-lanceolar, denticulated ;
flowers clustered, very small ; floral organs from ternary
to quinary ; seeds ovate-ellipsoid. Figure 12.
B. ammanuioides.
PITTOSPOREAE.
BXX.XIARDXERA.
670. Petals cohering in a long tube.
Leaves from ovate- to linear-elliptical ; flowers solitary ;
petals many times longer than the sepals, greenish -yellow
or somewhat purplish ; style very long ; berry blue, one-
celled, hollow. B. loiigiflora.
Petals bending together into a short tube ... ... 671
671. Flowers mostly solitary.
Leaves from ovate-lanceolar to broad-linear, often beset
underneath with appressed hairlets '; petals twice or three
times as long as the sepals, greenish- or pale-yellow,
sometimes purplish-tinged, pointed, towards the summit
recurved ; style very short ; berry livid, pulpy, two-
celled. B. scandeus.
Flowers several together.
Leaves narrow- or broad -lanceolar, sometimes almost ovate,
rarely orbicular, often beset underneath with appressed
hairlets ; petals three- or several-times longer than the
sepals, greenish- or pale-yellow or violet- or purplish-
tinged ; style very short ; berry livid, pulpy, two-celled.
cymosa.
CHEXRANTHEXIA.
672. Petals rather large, dark-blue.
Erect, slender plant, rather dwarf; leaves crowded, elongate-
linear, acute; flowers few, rarely two or one only; stamens
bent unilaterally ; anthers yellow ; fruit narrow-ellipsoid,
dry. C. linearis.
Victorian Plants. 137
FXTTOSFORTTXK.
673. Leaves flat at the margin ... ... ... ... 674
Leaves recurved at the margin ... ... ... 675
674. Petals quite white.
A large shrub or finally a tree, occasionally quite tall ;
branchlets whorled ; leaves large, broad -lanceolar, entire,
soon glabrous, those at the summit of the branchlets
whorl-like crowded ; flowers fragrant, several or many,
terminal ; sepals unequally connate ; fruit turgid, outside
brownish- or reddish-yellow ; valves two, rarely three ;
seeds almost ruby-colored, sticky. P. undulatuni.
Petals quite yellow.
A tall shrub or slender tree ; branchlets often pendent ;
leaves from lanceolar- to broad-linear, much pointed,
entire, glabrous ; flowers few or only two together or
solitary, fragrant ; fruit strongly compressed ; valves
two, rarely three, almost of bony hardness, dull orange-
colored outside, bright- yellow inside ; seeds orange-red,
sticky. P. phillyroides.
675. Petals quite yellow.
A shrub, finally large or even then arborescent ; leaves
large, from ovate to narrow-lanceolar, entire, pointed,
beneath as well as the branchlets and stalklets beset with
brownish hairlets ; flowers few or several ; fruit turgid,
two- or three- valved, very firm ;" seeds garnet-colored,
sticky. P. revolution.
Petals mixedly purplish and yellowish.
A small or sometimes middle-sized tree ; leaves from
lanceolar- to linear-elliptical, entire, densely beset be-
neath with short hairlets ; flowers several, few or some-
times only two or one; fruit turgid, very firm, two -valved;
seeds brownish-red, sticky. P. bicolor.
BTTRSARIA.
676. Seeds placed vertically, surrounded by a thin and
narrow border.
Shrub, from rather dwarf to tall, occasionally becoming a
tree, not rarely somewhat spinescent, flowering late in the
season ; leaves scattered or fascicled, generally small and
entire, from obovate- to elliptical-cuneate ; flowers small,
in panicles ; petals white ; fruit obcordate- or renate-
orbicular, rather small, dry. B. spinosa.
138 Key to the System of
ni&RXAXVTHUS.
677. Petals disconnected.
Quite dwarf ; leaves small, from ovate- to linear-cuneate or
verging into an elliptic or lanceolar form, often indented
at the summit, flat or recurved at the margin, soon
glabrous ; flowers small, solitary or sometimes two or
three together ; petals white, often tinged with red ;
fruit small, quadrate- or renate-orbicular, bent down-
ward ; seeds wrinkled. M. prOCUlllbens.
Petals cohering into a tube.
Twining ; leaves rather large, from ovate- to lanceolar-
elliptical, often somewhat bilobed at the base ; flowers
pendent, quite long ; petals outside usually green-yel-
lowish towards the base, orange-colored towards the
middle, yellowish towards the summit and throughout
inside ; fruit narrow-ellipsoid, dry. Figure 10.
M. bignoniaceus.
RUTACE AE.
ACRONYCHIA.
678. Fruit quadrangular.
Glabrous ; leaves consisting of one or rarely of three elliptic
or ovate entire rather thin leaflets ; flowers in cymes ;
petals pale, contiguous before expansion, much longer
than the sepals ; filaments and style somewhat beset with
short hairlets ; fruit whitish. A. laevis.
GEXJERA.
679. Leaves short-stalked, narrow, equally green on both
sides.
A tall shrub, finally arborescent ; leaves rather long, entire,
usually broad- linear, the carinular venule only perceptible;
panicle few-flowered ; petals small, yellowish-white, con-
tiguous before expansion ; ovularies with one ovule each ;
pericarp very imperfectly separating an inner layer
(endocarp) ; outer portion of seed (testa) hard, shining-
black. G. parviflora,
ERXOSTEIKON.
680. Petals contiguous before expansion ... ... 681
Petals overlapping before expansion ... ... ... 697
Victorian Plants.
681. Glabrous or beset with often starry hairlets... ... 682
Extensively or scantily beset with shining scalelets... 692
682. Leaves very broad.
Leaves large, oval, glabrous, flat, entire, shining, of a slightly
reddish hue and an oily lustre ; petals unknown, but
probably contiguous before expansion ; fruit unknown.
E. amplifolius.
Leaves small or comparatively narrow ... 683
683. Flowers all axillary and usually solitary.
Dwarf ; leaves linear- or narrow- Ian ceolar, pointed, almost
or quite glabrous ; flowers seldom two together ; petals
white, outside glabrous ; filaments suddenly pointed at
the apex ; stigmas minute, united ; fruitlets conspicuously
pointed. E. pungeiis.
Flowers mostly or all terminal, generally crowded or
umbellate ... ... ... ... ... ... 684
684. Ovularies less than five ... ... ... ... 685
Ovularies five ... ... ... ... ... ... 686
685. Leaves truncate or bilobed at the summit.
Shrub, from dwarf and depressed to rather tall and erect ;
branchlets beset with starry hairlets ; leaves often
serrulated, from almost lanceolar to ovate and elliptical,
but never attenuated into a pointed apex, glabrous, shining
on both pages ; flowers generally in corymbs or umbels ;
petals small, glabrous, white, tinged with red ; filaments
glabrous ; ovularies two or three, rarely four ; fruitlets
conspicuously pointed. E. Hillebraiicli.
Leaves acute or rounded-blunt at the summit.
Leaves quite small, from linear to almost cordate, revolute
at the margin, underneath beset with starry- or scaly -
united hairlets ; flowers terminally crowded, very small ;
petals yellowish or whitish ; filaments scantily beset with
hairlets ; stigmas minute, united ; ovularies always two ;
fruitlets blunt. E. capitatus.
140 Key to the System of
686. Calyx about half as long as the petals.
A slender shrub, much beset with spreading hairlets ; leaves
rather small, crowded, from elliptical- to broad-linear,
revolute at the margin ; flowers crowded into terminal
umbels ; petals yellow, almost glabrous ; filaments ex-
serted, glabrous ; anthers blunt ; fruitless ending in a
long and narrow appendage. E. phylicoides.
Calyx very much shorter than the petals or obliterated 687
687. Stigmas large, generally disconnected ... 688
Stigmas very minute, connected ... 690
688. Leaves revolute at the margin.
An alpine shrub, usually of low stature ; leaves mostly
crowded, small, very firm, from elliptic- to orbicular-
ovate, beset with starry hairlets- underneath ; flowers
terminal, solitary or two or three together ; petals small,
yellow ; filaments glabrous ; anthers erect, blunt ; stigmas
clavate, reflexed ; fruitlets blunt. E. trymalioides.
Leaves flat ... ... ... ... ... ... 689
689. Stigmas capitulate-connected.
A shrub, from dwarf to rather tall ; leaves often large,
flaccid, from lanceolar- to ovate-elliptical, beset with
starry hairlets underneath ; umbels sessile, few -flowered ;
calyx rudimentary ; petals yellow ; filaments glabrous ;
anthers erect, blunt ; fruitlets pointed.
E. correifolius.
Stigmas disconnected, spreading.
A dwarf shrub ; leaves flaccid, chiefly fascicular-crowded,
sessile, from elliptical- to obcordate-cuneate, densely beset
with starry hairlets ; flowers large, terminal, solitary ;
calyx absent ; petals yellow ; filaments glabrous ; anthers
erect, blunt ; fruitlets blunt. E. pleuraudroides.
690. Leaves truncate or bilobed at the summit.
Shrub, rather tall, quite glabrous; leaves firm, comparatively
• large, narrowly cuneate-elliptical, slightly bilobed at the
upper end, but otherwise entire, recurved at the margin,
greyish underneath ; umbels terminal, short-stalked ;
petals relatively long, tubular-coherent towards the base ;
filaments exserted, glabrous ; anthers blunt ; fruitlets
apiculated. Figure 15. E. Ralstoui.
Leaves acute or rounded-blunt at the summit ... 691
Victorian Plants. 141
691. Leaves flat.
A subalpine shrub; leaves small, rather thin, from ovate- to
elliptic-lanceolar, glabrous, almost entire, shining on both
pages ; flowers few, in umbels or two together or some-
times solitary ; fruitlets pointed ; seeds shining.
E. lamprophyllus.
Leaves recurved at the margin.
An alpine shrub ; leaves small, crowded, thick, from narrow-
elliptical to broad-linear, underneath densely beset with
minute whitish hairlets, entire at the margin ; flowers
few, in umbels or only three or two together ; petals
small, yellowish ; filaments glabrous ; anthers blunt ;
fruitlets apiculated. E. phylicifolius.
692. Petals glabrous, white 693
Petals outside beset with scalelets, inside yellow .. 694
693. Leaves elongated, from elliptic- to linear-lance olar.
Tall shrub, finally arborescent ; leaves often thin in texture,
entire; flat, underneath beset with silvery-shining scale-
lets ; flowers in simple or compound corymbs ; petals
small ; ovularies glabrous ; fruitlets slightly apiculated.
E. squameus.
Leaves rather abbreviated, nearly ovate.
An alpine shrub ; leaves very firm, flat, entire, underneath
beset with silvery-shining scalelets ; flowers solitary or
sometimes two or few together ; petals small ; filaments
glabrous ; anthers blunt ; ovularies beset with scalelets ;
fruitlets slightly apiculated. E, ovatifolius.
694. Leaves about half as broad as long.
A subalpine shrub ; leaves rather small, obovate-cuneate,
recurved at the margin, rounded or slightly bilobed at the
summit, underneath beset with silvery-shining scalelets ;
umbels terminal, sessile, few-flowered ; filaments glabrous ;
fruitlets hardly apiculated. E. ozothamiioides.
Leaves one-third as broad as long or proportionately
still narrower ... ... ... ... ... 69S
695. Leaves bilobed at the summit.
A desert-shrub, very glandular-granular ; leaves from
linear- to elongate-cuneate, often recurved at the margin,
142 Key to the System of
underneath beset with silvery-shining scalelets ; umbels
with several flowers ; filaments glabrous ; fruitless hardly
apiculated. E. sediflorus.
Leaves lobeless at the summit ... 696
696. Leaves rather elongated.
A shrub, from dwarf to somewhat tall ; leaves from narrow-
to linear-elliptical, mostly flat, underneath beset with
silvery-shining scalelets ; umbels terminal, simple or some-
times compound ; filaments glabrous ; fruitlets hardly
apiculated. E. lepidotus.
Leaves much abbreviated.
A low alpine shrub : leaves quite small, crowded, thick,
narrow-elliptical, recurved at the margin, underneath
beset with silvery-shining scalelets ; umbels terminal,
sessile; filaments glabrous; fruitlets somewhat apiculated;
seeds without any lustre. E. alpinus.
697. Anthers terminated by a very conspicuous appendage 698
Anthers terminated by a very minute appendage ... 699
698. Anthers ending in a bearded narrow appendage.
Shrub, from dwarf to rather tall, almost glabrous ; leaves
from elliptical- to linear-lanceolar or broad-linear, entire,
generally flat, of an oily lustre and slightly reddish tinge ;
petals pink, glabrous, somewhat connivent ; filaments
almost coherent, ciliolated ; fruitlets blunt.
E. Crowei.
Anthers ending in a glabrous broadish appendage.
Shrub, rather tall ; leaves quite large, generally lanceolar,
of thick texture, finally glabrous ; flowers relatively large,
axillary, solitary, their stalklets bearing several over-
lapping roundish bracts ; petals pink, densely beset with
minute hairlets ; filaments conspicuously ciliolated ; fruit-
lets blunt. E. lanceolatus.
699. Fruitlets erect, along the inner angle high-connate,
blunt.
A shrub, usually tall, almost glabrous, but rough from granu-
lar glandules ; leaves comparatively large, of rather thin
texture, from cuneate- to elliptical-lanceolar, flat, entire,
sessile ; flowers usually solitary ; petals whitish ; filaments
ciliolated ; fruitlets blunt. E. trachypliyllus.
Victorian Plants. 143
Fruitlets divergent from the base, conspicuously
pointed ... 700
700. Leaves elongated.
A shrub, rather tall, rough from granular glandules ; leaves
usually quite large, from narrow- to elliptical-lanceolar,
sessile, flat, of a greyish hue ; flowers generally in umbels ;
petals rather large, white or outside reddish ; filaments
ciliolated. E. xnyoporoides.
Leaves abbreviated ... ... ... ••• ••• 701
701. Leaves of a greyish hue.
A small shrub or half -shrubby plant, almost glabrous ; leaves
thick, from quite obcordate to elliptic-obovate, often also
somewhat cuneate or even spatular, to some extent bent
inward, beneath as well as the branchlets glandular-rough ;
flowers solitary or seldom two together ; petals white,
tinged with red ; filaments ciliolated. E. obovalis.
Leaves shining-green.
A slender s-hrub or half-shrubby plant, never tall, glandular-
rough ; leaves very small, from cuneate- or rhomboid-
elliptical to somewhat ovate or even cylindric-linear,
blunt ; flowers terminal, solitary or two or three together ;
petals white, tinged with red, densely beset with minute
hairlets ; filaments flattened, crisply ciliolated.
E. difformis.
ZIERIA.
702. Leaves all simple.
Shrub, seldom tall ; leaves comparatively small, from oval to
narrow-elliptical, revolute at the margin, densely beset
with minute hairlets, some of the leaves exceptionally
scattered or ternately whorled ; flowers solitary or two or
three together, short-stalked ; petals usually pink.
Z. verouicea.
Leaves nearly all consisting of three leaflets... ... 703
703. Anthers pointed.
A shrubby plant, almost glabrous ; leaflets firm, nearly
linear or somewhat lanceolar, pointed, revolute at the
margin, paler beneath ; cymes with few flowers ; petals
whitish. Z. laevigata.
Anthers blunt ... ... 704
144 Key to the System of
704. Leaflets small, revolute at the margin.
A tall shrub ; leaflets from ovate to elliptical, densely beset
with short hairlets ; bracts leafy ; cymes very short, few-
flowered ; petals whitish. Z. cytisoides.
Leaflets usually large, flat or slightly recurved at the
margin.
Tall shrub or small tree, nearly glabrous or somewhat beset
with minute hairlets ; leaflets rather thin in texture, from
lanceolar to elliptical-ovate ; cymes usually ample and
many-flowered; petals whitish. Z. Smith.il.
BORONXA.
705. Petals bluish.
A half-shrub or small shrubby plant ; leaves all simple,
small, usually linear- or elliptic-semicylindrical, blunt,
often glandular-rough beneath ; petals overlapping at the
margin before expansion ; filaments beset with hairlets ;
anthers terminated by a rather conspicuous appendage ;
seeds rough, without any lustre.
B. coerulesceus.
Petals pink or brightly red or whitish ... ... 706
706. Petals contiguous at the margin before expansion.
A dwarf, alpine shrub, always glabrous; leaflets generally
five, very small, from obcordate to ovate ; rhachis short ;
flowers small, solitary ; petals pink or reddish ; filaments
glabrous. B. algida.
Petals overlapping at the margin before expansion ... 707
707. Leaves or leaflets almost filiform or semicylindrical-.. 708
Leaves or leaflets almost or quite flat ... ... 709
708. Anthers without any appendage.
Half -shrub or almost herbaceous plant, dwarf and glabrous;
leaves very narrow and simple or consisting of three very
slender leaflets ; flowers solitary or three together ; petals
small, glabrous, pink ; filaments scarcely beset with hair-
lets, thickened upwards ; seeds shining, smooth.
B. filifolia.
Victorian Plants. 145
Anthers terminated by a small appendage.
Shrubby, never tall, usually glabrous ; leaves short-stalked,
consisting of three or rarely of five very small and clavate-
cylindrical leaflets ; flowers solitary or two or three to-
gether, quite small ; petals rather brightly red, as well as
the filaments glabrous ; seeds without any lustre.
B, clavellifolia.
709. Leaves simple or ternately or biternately compound 710
Leaves pinnate ... ... ... ... 711
710. Sepals nearly as long as the petals.
Half-shrubby or almost herbaceous, dwarf, nearly glabrous ;
leaves always simple, from broad- to narrow-lanceolar ;
flowers three or two together or oftener solitary ; petals
small, pink or oftener whitish, glabrous outside ; filaments
scarcely beset with hairlets ; anthers without any append-
age ; seeds shining, smooth. B. parviflora.
Sepals much shorter than the petals.
Half -shrub or shrub, never very tall ; leaves either simple
and then from linear- to ovate-lanceolar and entire, or
consisting of once or twice ternate small entire or at the
summit indented leaflets, these from linear- to rhomboid-
lanceolar in form ; flowrers from one to three or rarely
more ; petals pink ; filaments beset with hairlets ; anthers
terminated by a small appendage ; seeds rough, without
any lustre. B. polygalif olia.
711. Leaves stalked, usually glabrous, the leaflets generally
broadish, in rather distant pairs.
Generally a shrubby plant, often robust, sometimes very
tall ; leaflets firm, from linear- to elliptic-lanceolar, mostly
of an oily lustre and slightly reddish hue ; the rhachis
often dilated ; flowers relatively large, three or more
together ; petals pink ; filaments beset with crisped hair-
lets, thickened towards the summit ; seeds shining,
smooth. B. pinnata.
Leaves almost sessile, the leaflets always narrow, in
closely approximated pairs and usually beset with
hairlets.
A half-shrub or slender shrub, from dwarf to somewhat tall ;
leaflets small, often almost linear and flaccid ; flowers
solitary or from two to few together; petals pink; filaments
beset with rather straight hairlets ; anthers without any
appendage ; seeds shining, smooth. B. pilosa.
146 Key to the System of
CORREA.
712. Calyx cleft beyond the middle.
A shrub, often tall in age, scantily beset with nairlets;
leaves usually of thin texture, from cordate- to lanceolar-
ovate, somewhat denticulated ; flowers two or three
together or solitary, their stalklets very thin and rather
long, jointed ; lobes of the calyx from deltoid to semi-
lanceolar, pointed ; petals coherent, greenish or dull-
purplish ; four of the filaments dilated towards the base ;
anthers yellow. Figure 14. C. aemula.
Calyx lobeless ... .. ............ 713
713. Petals disconnected, white, comparatively short.
A coast-shrub, often tall in age ; leaves of thick texture,
from orbicular to ovate, beneath closely beset with very
short hairlets ; flowers two together or solitary, rather
short ; anthers red. C. alba.
Petals coherent, greenish or largely red outside,
comparatively long ... ... ... ... ... 714
714. Four of the filaments dilated towards the base.
A shrub, seldom very tall ; leaves from cordate to elliptical ;
flowers mostly rather long, often solitary and on short
stalklets ; calyx firm, entire or minutely quadri-denti-
culated ; anthers yellow. C. speciosa.
None of the filaments dilated towards the base.
Shrub of high mountain-regions, usually tall, sometimes
arborescent, dwarfed in the alps ; leaves of very firm
texture, almost flat, from ovate to elliptical ; calyx
minutely seldom elongatedly denticulated ; petals greenish
or somewhat yellowish, seldom largely red outside; anthers
yellowish-green. C. Lawrenciana.
CEX.ASTRTTS.
715. Tall woody climber.
Evergreen ; leaves rather large, short-stalked, from almost
ovate to lanceolar, somewhat serrulated ; flowers small,
in panicles ; petals yellowish- white ; stigma of the fruit-
bearing flowers three-cleft; fruit three-celled or rarely two-
celled, outside at last reddish-yellow ; seeds enclosed in a
succulent orange-colored arillar appendage. Figure 28.
C. Australis.
Victorian Plants. 147
LINEA.E.
XiZNUBX.
716. Styles connate to beyond the middle.
Perennial, glabrous ; leaves from narrow-lanceolar to almost
linear ; sepals membranously margined ; petals blue ;
staminodia undeveloped ; fruit rather small.
Ii. marginale.
STA.CKHOUSIEA.E.
STACK.HOUSIA,
717. Quite depressed; flowers singly terminal.
Alpine plant, forming large patches; leaves carnulent,
from spatular- to elliptic-linear ; flowers very fragrant ;
corolla from intense- to pale-yellow ; fruitlets dorsally
blunt. Figure 29. S. pulvinaris.
Erect; flowers in a spike ... ... ... ... 716
718. Fruitlets each with three dorsal membranous angles.
Coast-plant ; leaves very carnulent, from oval-cuneate to
spatular ; flowers crowded in the spike, fragrant ; corolla
cream-colored. S. spatulata.
Fruitlets dorsally blunt ... ... ... ... 719
719. Corolla generally cream-colored.
Leaves from oval-lanceolar to almost linear; flowers crowded
in the spikes, fragrant. S. linarifolia.
Corolla greenish- or bright-yellow ... ... ... 720
720. Flowers crowded in the spike.
Leaves broadly linear ; flowers fragrant ; corolla intensely
yellow, its lobes obtuse. S, flava.
Flowers distant in the spike.
Leaves from elliptical to linear or diminutive ; flowers small;
corolla yellowish or greenish, its lobes acute.
S. viminea.
148 Key to tic System of
SAPINBACE/LE.
DODONAEA.
721. Leaves simple ... ... 722
Leaves pinnate ... ... ... ... ... 728
722. Angles of the fruit membranously expanded... ... 723
Angles of the fruit without any expanding membrane 727
723. Membranes of fruit rounded-blunt at the base and at
the summit ... ... ... ... ... ... 724
Membranes of fruit truncate at the summit ... ... 726
724. Leaves minutely lobed.
Rather tall shrub ; leaves cuneate- or broad-linear, the lobes
obovate and separable, somewhat pinnularly arranged ;
fruit usually three-celled ; seeds shining.
D. lobulata.
Leaves lobeless ... ... ... ... ... 725
725. Anthers several times longer than the minute calyx.
Shrub, finally tall ; branchlets compressed ; leaves broad-
or narrow-lanceolar, elongated, flat, entire ; stamens and
pistils mostly in distinct flowers ; fruit three-celled, the
expanding membranes about as broad as the cells ;
dissepiments persistent on the axis ; seeds shining.
D, triquetra.
Anthers about as long as the calyx.
Shrub, finally tall, occasionally arborescent, always very
viscid ; leaves from wedgeshaped-ovate to lanceolar and
broad -linear, entire or somewhat denticulated ; stamens
and pistils mostly in separate flowers ; sepals generally
four ; fruit usually three-celled, the expanding membranes
about as broad as the cells ; seeds without lustre.
D. viscosa.
726. Leaves narrow- or elongate-lanceolar.
Shrub, finally tall ; branchlets compressed-angular ; leaves
usually elongated, almost or quite entire ; sepals generally
four ; stamens and pistils mostly in distinct flowers ; fruit
four-celled, its expanding membranes almost broader than
long ; dissepiments persistent on the axis.
D. truncatiales.
Victorian Plants. 149
Leaves roundish or ovate.
A shrub, seldom tall ; leaves small, slightly crisped and
denticulated, sometimes truncate ; flowers solitary or two
together, the staminate and pistillate mostly distinct,
their stalklets recurved, short ; fruit four- or five-celled,
its expanding membranes narrow. D. Baueri.
727. Leaves cuneate, indented at the summit.
Dwarf, diffuse or prostrate ; leaves from deltoid- to linear-
cuneate, flat ; stamens and pistils mostly in distinct
flowers ; fruit two- or three-celled. D. procunibeiis.
Leaves small, obovate, much narrowed downwards,
entire.
A shrub, seldom tall ; leaves very firm, without lustre, flat,
their lateral venules hardly perceptible ; staminate and
pistillate flowers mostly in distinct flowers ; anthers pale ;
fruit three- or four-celled ; dissepiments seceding from the
axis ; seeds shining. Figure 27. D. bursarif olia.
728. Joints of rhachis dilated.
A shrub, from -rather dwarf to tall, very viscid, often beset
with hairlets ; leaflets all opposite, cuneate- or rhomboid-
ovate, denticulated towards the summit ; stamens and
pistils mostly in distinct flowers ; pistillate flowers three
or two together or solitary ; fruit generally four-celled,
the expanding membranes rounded-blunt at the base and
summit ; seeds without lustre. D. boronifolia.
Rhachis narrow throughout.
A rather tall shrub ; leaflets alternate or opposite, short,
linear, channelled, entire ; stamens and pistils mostly in
distinct flowers ; pistillate flowers three or two together
or solitary; fruit four- or five-celled; dissepiment persistent
on the axis ; seeds without any lustre.
D. stenozyga.
HETERODZSNDRON.
729. Leaves from broad-linear to elliptic-lanceolar, entire.
A tall shrub, sometimes arborescent ; leaves rather long,
flat, beset with minute hairlets ; flowers few together,
occasionally two or one only ; fruit when completely
developed four- celled, its divisions turgid ; arillar append-
age of seeds bright-red. H. oleifolium.
150 Key to the System of
NEPHELIUBX.
730. Leaflets large, from almost ovate to lanceolar.
An evergreen tree, finally tall ; leaflets very firm, entire or
distantly serrulated, mostly pointed, paler beneath ;
flowers in panicles ; fruit glabrous, its divisions breaking
transversely ; seeds black, shining, their arillar appendage
bright-red. N. leiocarpum.
NXTRARIA.
731. Flowers in cymously paniculated spikes.
A spinescent shrub, finally tall ; leaves from linear- to
lanceolar- elliptical ; spikes in the often rather ample
inflorescence short ; flowers small ; number of stamens
threefold that of the petals ; fruit edible, dark-purplish
or yellow outside ; the hard inner part (putamen) fissured
at the summit. Figure 17. N. Schoberi.
ZYGOFHYXiXiUBX.
732. Sepals and petals five... ...... ... 733
Sepals and petals four ... ... ... 734
733. Fruits almost globular, but five-angular.
Annual herb, never tall ; leaflets cuneate-elliptical, notched
at the summit ; leafstalks dilated ; stamens ten ; filaments
appendiculated ; fruit small, often assuming a violet hue,
when fresh roundish, when dry splitting between the
dissepiments, few-seeded. Z. lodocarpum.
Fruits almost semi-ellipsoid, but five-angular, truncate
at the vertex.
A somewhat shrubby plant, quite glabrous ; leaflets broadly
obovate, oblique ; stamens ten ; filaments appendiculated ;
fruit dilated at the summit into five short appendages,
splitting between the dissepiments, few-seeded ; angles of
the fruit thick and narrow. Z. apiculatum.
734. Angles of the fruit broadly membranous.
A lax shrub ; leaflets from obliquely ovate-lanceolar to
linear ; petals often orange -colored ; stamens eight ; fila-
ments without appendages ; fruits large, splitting at the
dissepiment, few-seeded. Z. fruticulosum.
Angles of the fruit thick and narrow ... ... 735
Victorian Plants. 151
735. Fruits truncate ... ... ... ... 736
Fruits rounded-blunt ... 737
736. Perennial plant, generally large.
Shrubby, often tall, but of weak or even climbing habit ;
leaflets from oblique-elliptical to linear ; stamens eight ;
filaments without any appendages ; fruits rather small,
obversely semiovate - pyramidal, acutely quadrangular,
splitting between the dissepiments, few-seeded, without
any expanding membranes. Z. Billardieri.
Annual plant, quite small.
Leaflets elliptic- or linear-cuneate, their stalk dilated ;
flowers minute ; petals whitish ; stamens four ; fruit very
small, acutely quadrangular, without any expanding
membranes, splitting between the dissepiments.
Z.
737. Leaflets obliquely cuneate-obovate, perfectly entire.
Robust herbaceous plant ; leaflets very carnulent, their stalk
margined ; flowers comparatively large ; stamens eight ;
fruit large, almost oval in outline, quadrangular, splitting
between the dissepiments, many-seeded.
Z. glaucescens.
Leaflets broadish-cuneate, notched at the summit.
Small annual plant; leaf-stalk dilated; flowers rather small;
stamens eight ; fruit almost oval in outline, splitting
between the dissepiments, many-seeded. Figure 16.
Z. crenatum.
TRXBUX.TJS.
738. Fruitlets each with two dorsal spinules, but without
any expanding membranes.
Prostrate herb, ordinarily annual ; leaflets small, in four to
eight pairs, from ovate- to lanceolar-elliptical, generally
beset with appressed hairlets ; flowers from small to quite
large ; stamens ten, all perfect ; fruit depressed, each of
the fruitlets often provided with two additional spinules
and generally also with small granular or pungent ex-
crescences and with short hairlets. T. terrestris.
152 Key to the System of
OXAX.XS.
739. Petals white.
Stemless ; root creeping ; leafstalks much elongated, at
the base oval and membranous; leaflets three, broadly
obcordate ; flowerstalks reaching beyond the leaves ;
flower single ; sepals oval ; fruit ovate-globular, glabrous ;
seeds nearly always solitary in each cell. ' ' Wood-Sorrel."
O. Magellanica.
Petals yellow.
Stem developed ; leafstalks elongated, at the base slightly
dilated ; flowers in an umbel or reduced to two or one ;
sepals elliptic-lanceolar ; fruit cylindrical, pointed, beset
with hairlets ; seeds several in each cell.
O. corniculata.
PELARGONIUM.
740. Stem very abbreviated.
Root turgid, generally short; leaves radical, rhomboid-
ovate ; flowers comparatively large ; petals rose-colored.
Figure 18. P. Rodney anum.
Stem nearly always elongated.
Herbaceous ; root slender or rather long ; leaves almost
cordate or somewhat renate or orbicular, lobeless or
short-lobed ; umbels usually many-flowered ; involucrating
bracts small, membranous ; flowers comparatively small ;
nectar-tube short ; petals often pink or pale.
P. Australe.
GERANIUM.
741. Stem elongated.
Root often tuberous ; leaves in outline cordate- or renate-
orbicular, deeply five- to seven-cleft, the main-segments
slit again into three or more broad-linear or semielliptic
lobes ; sepals short-pointed ; petals small, pink ; fruitleta
without wrinkles ; seeds outside reticulated. (Name now
re-adopted more exact than that of G. Carolinianum and
G. dissectum.) G. pile sum.
Stem very abbreviated.
An alpine herb ; leaves crowded, almost radical, divided
into narrow segments and lobes ; sepals long-pointed ;
petals small, pink ; seeds almost smooth.
G. sessiliflorum.
Victorian Plants. 153
ERODIUIK.
742. Petals blue.
Leaves mostly trisected or the lower trifid, the segments or
lobes blunt, somewhat rhomboid, upwards unequally
indented and not seldom simply incised also ; flowers few
in each umbel or sometimes only two together or even
solitary ; sepals short-pointed. E. cygnorum,
1VE ALVACE A.3B.
PLAQIANTHUS.
743. Petals white.
Arborescent, often riparian ; leaves large, mostly cordate-
ovate, much narrowed toward the upper end, crenate,
lobeless or some short-lobed; flowers in paniculate racemes;
petals of the staminate flowers exserted, of the pistillate
flowers almost enclosed ; fruitlets normally five, outward
beset with hairlets, somewhat exserted.
P. pulchellus.
Petals pale-yellowish or somewhat purplish ... ... 744
744. Herbaceous.
Usually erect plant, restricted to subsaline localities ; leaves
carnulent, from lanceolar- to orbicular-ovate and often
also cuneate ; floral leaves connate with their stipules ;
flowers in leafy spikes ; calyx angular ; petals short-
exserted ; fruitlets five, glabrous, enclosed.
F. spicatus.
Dwarf-shrubby.
Rigid plant, restricted to somewhat saline ground, beset
with often shining scalelets ; branchlets sometimes spines-
cent ; leaves very small, from linear- to obovate- cuneate,
entire or at the summit indented, mostly fascicled ; flowers
minute, axillary, almost or quite sessile, solitary or two
or few together ; fruitlets outside membranous, often only
one developed. P. microphyllus.
SIDA.
745. Depressed, semi-herbaceous.
Imperfectly beset with starry hairlets ; leaves rather small,
from linear-elliptical to orbicular-cordate, crenate or
denticulated ; stipules linear-filiform ; flowers on capillary
stalklets, often solitary ; fruitlets six to ten, dorsally
wrinkled. S. corrugata.
Dwarf-shrubby.
Much branched ; largely beset with grey starry hairlets ;
leaves very small, ovate-orbicular, somewhat denticulated
154 Key to the System of
at the summit truncated ; flowers quite small, axillary,
solitary, on short stalklets ; fruitlets five to eight, dorsally
beset with hairlets, but without wrinkles.
S. intricata.
ABUTILON.
746. Shrubby.
A dwarf shrub, closely invested with minute starry hairlets ;
leaves orbicular- or ovate-cordate, unequally crenate ;
flowers axillary, solitary, conspicuously stalked ; calyx
inflated, five-angled, its lobes long-pointed ; fruitlets ear-
shaped, enclosed, much compressed, slightly coherent.
A. otocarpum.
Annual.
An erect herb, closely invested with minute starry hairlets ;
leaves rather large, roundish-cordate, pointed, slightly
crenate ; lobes of the calyx deltoid-semilanceolar ; fruit-
lets pointed, exserted. A. Avicexmae.
KOWZTTIA.
747. Leaves from lanceolar-ovate to broad-cordate.
Invested with starry hairlets ; leaves lobeless, hardly in-
dented or almost entire ; stipules very fugacious or
obliterated ; flowers axillary, often solitary ; styles con-
nate to the summit ; stigmas very short ; fruit enclosed ;
cotyledons trisected. Figure 19. H, trilocularis.
HIBISCUS.
748. Involucral bracts about seven, linear, almost discon-
nected.
A half-shrub, densely invested with minute grey starry
hairlets ; leaves from lanceolar- to orbicular- ovate, irregu-
larly crenate-denticulate ; flowers often axillary and soli-
tary, conspicuously stalked, rather large ; petals about
three times longer than the calyx. H. Krichauffii.
LAVATERA.
749. Involucral bracts to about one-third of their length
connate, the disconnected portion nearly semiovate.
A somewhat shrubby plant, usually tall, closely invested
with short grey starry hairlets ; leaves orbicular-cordate,
often bluntly five- to seven-lobed ; stipules short, semi-
lanceolar-deltoid ; flowers comparatively large, usually
several together, on short stalklets ; calyx nearly twice
as long as the involucre ; fruitlets much shorter than the
calyx, acutangular. L. plebeja.
Victorian Plants. 155
TREIVIANDREAE.
TETRATHSCA.
750. Sepals appressed.
Leaves from almost ovate-lanceolar to linear, often recurved
at the margin, occasionally diminutive or absent ; sepals
and petals generally four ; stamens usually eight ; fruit
from cuneate- to orbicular-obovate. T. ericifolia.
Sepals soon reflexed.
Leaves mostly from obovate- to orbicular-rhomboid, almost
flat ; sepals and petals generally four ; stamens usually
eight ; fruit obovate -orbicular. T. ciliata.
TH.XACEAE.
EXiAEOCARFUS.
751. Leaves closely beset with brownish hairlets beneath.
A tall tree ; leaves short-stalked, from obovate- to elongate-
lanceolar, serrulated; flowers in racemes; petals undivided,
faintly denticulated at the summit, crimson towards the
base, otherwise white; stamens exceeding the petals twice
or three times in number. Figure 22.
E. holopetalus.
Leaves almost glabrous.
A small tree, exceptionally tall ; leaves conspicuously stalked,
from elliptical- to narrow-lanceolar, serrulated, from pro-
minent venules reticulated ; flowers in racemes ; petals
fringed-lobed at and towards the summit, whitish ; sta-
mens exceeding the petals five or six times in number ;
fruit from roundish-ovate to globular, blue outside.
E. reticulatus.
STERCULIACEAE.
THOTOASXA.
752. Floral bracts ovate-lanceolar, at the base connate.
A rather small shrub, invested with starry hairlets ; leaves
of herbaceous texture, from ovate- to narrow-elliptical,
recurved at the margin ; stipules large, oblique, from
rhomboid- to dimidiate-cordate ; racemes few-flowered ;
bracts almost unilateral ; calyx somewhat lilac-colored ;
petals scale-like ; anthers narrow, dark, opening by short
slits at and near the summit ; fruit three-celled.
T, petalocalyx.
156 Key to the System of
LASIOPETALUIVI.
753. Leaves flaccid.
A shrub, from quite dwarf to rather tall, invested with
starry hairlets ; leaves almost cordate, nearly mem-
branous, entire or slightly sinuous ; flowers rather large,
in cymes ; floral bracts linear-filiform, solitary, seldom
two ; calyx membranous, whitish or pale-pink ; anthers
opening by two terminal pores; style beset with re-
troversed fascicular hairlets. L. Scliulzenii.
Leaves firm ... ... ... ... ... ... 754
751. Flowers crowded almost into a capitulate cyme.
A shrub, finally quite tall ; leaves large, from lanceolar- to
cordate-ovate, flat, beneath densely invested with whitish
minute starry hairlets; floral bracts three, ovate -lanceolar,
connate at the base, placed unilaterally ; calyx inside
glabrous, pale ; petals scale-like ; anthers at last bursting
longitudinally. L. dasyphyllum.
Flowers dispersed ... ... 755
755. Calyx inside glabrous ... .. ... ... 756
Calyx inside beset with very short hairlets ... ... 757
756. Stalklets of flowers conspicuous.
A shrub, finally rather tall ; leaves very firm, mostly
narrow-elliptical, almost or quite flat, entire, underneath
closely invested with very short starry hairlets ; cymes
few-flowered ; flowers rather large ; floral bracts three,
from linear- to lanceolar -elliptical, connate at the base,
unilateral ; anthers opening by two terminal pores.
Figure 20. L. Behrii.
Stalklets of flowers very short.
A shrub, at last rather tall ; leaves very firm, from elliptic-
to broad-linear, entire, almost flat, underneath closely
invested with minute starry hairlets ; floral bracts three,
almost linear, connate at the base, unilateral ; cymes
short-stalked ; flowers quite smooth ; anthers opening by
two terminal pores. L. parviflorrtm.
757. Stalklets of flowers conspicuous.
A shrub, usually rather dwarf ; leaves very firm, from
elliptic- to broad-linear, entire, almost flat, underneath
closely beset with minute starry hairlets; cymes racemose,
each on a conspicuous very slender stalk ; flowers quite
Victorian Plants. 157
small ; floral bracts three, very short, from ovate- to
linear-lanceolar, connate at the base, unilateral ; anthers
opening by two terminal pores. L. Baueri.
Stalklets of flowers very short.
A shrub, finally quite tall ; leaves very firm, from ovate- to
lanceolar- or narrow-elliptical, entire or somewhat sinuous
at the margin, or at or near the base slightly lobed,
almost or quite flat, underneath closely beset with starry
hairlets ; flowers comparatively large ; floral bracts three,
from lanceolar- to narrow-linear, connate at the base,
unilateral ; anthers opening by two terminal pores.
L. ferruginenm.
COIKXKERCONXA.
758. Staminodia singly placed between the stamens.
A shrub, from rather dwarf to tall ; leaves mostly from
cordate- to ovate-lanceolar, lobeless or few-lobed, crenu-
lated or irregularly denticulated, beneath densely beset
with hairlets ; flowers in cymes ; calyx whitish ; staminodia
linear-lanceolar, scarcely exserted ; fruit armed with
spinescent excrescences, opening between the dissepiments;
seeds appendiculated. C. clasyphylla.
Staminodia ternately placed between the stamens.
A tall shrub or finally a small tree ; leaves large, from
cordate- to ovate-lanceolar, often acuminate, beneath
paler and beset with starry hairlets, serrate- or repand-
crenate, lobeless or short-lobed ; cymes paniculate ;
staminodia glabrous, as long as or longer than the calyx,
spatular-cuneate, with linear base ; fruit beset with hispid
bristlets, opening between the dissepiments ; seeds
appendiculated. C. Fraseri.
BRACHYCHITON.
759. Calyx outside scantily beset with hairlets.
An evergreen tree, sometimes tall ; leaves simple, firm,
glabrous, shining, those of the adult plant verging into
a mainly ovate or rhomboid form, terminated by a long
and narrow acumen, and often producing a pointed lobe
on each side ; flowers in rather short panicles ; calyx
yellowish- and red-speckled ; ovularies rudimentary in
the principal staminate flowers ; stamens less developed
in the principal pistillate flowers ; fruitlets five, very large,
hard ; seeds mutually cohering, their brittle outer
integument partly persistent, outside invested with
starry hairlets. Figure 21. B. populneus.
158 Key to the System of
EUPHORBIACEAE.
EUPHORBIA.
760. Leaves rather long, from broad-linear to narrowly
lanceolar-elliptical.
Poison-herb, erect, rather tall, glabrous, somewhat suc-
culent ; leaves partly scattered, often truncate and
imperfectly denticulated ; glandules of the involucre
renate, brownish, undivided ; fruit rather large ; seeds
appendiculated. E. ereniophila.
Leaves small, from roundish to almost oval ... ... 761
761. Subtle-downy; glands denticulated.
Poison-herb, dwarf; leaves roundish- or cuneate-ovate,
serrulated, oblique ; lobes of the involucre and glandules
red ; fruit very small ; seeds without any appendage.
E. erythrantha.
Glabrous; glands entire.
Poison-herb, prostrate ; leaves from oblique- elliptical to
roundish ; fruit very small ; seeds without any appendage.
E. Drummondi.
OXKAXiANTHUS.
762. Fruit without any appendages.
Glabrous ; leaves long-stalked, from ovate-deltoid to almost
rhomboidal, pointed, of thin texture, flat, without lustre ;
flowers in racemes ; calyx deciduous ; fruit roundish ;
seeds much enclosed in an arillar appendage.
O. Leschenaultianus.
BERTYA.
763. Leaves flat.
Arborescent, somewhat beset with hairlets ; leaves elongate-
elliptical, of thin texture ; sepals three times longer than
the bracts; fruit almost ovate, in length considerably
exceeding the sepals. B. Findlayi.
Leaves recurved or revolute at the margin ... ... 764
764. Leaves broad-linear, revolute at the margin.
Shrubby, glabrous, somewhat viscid ; fruit almost ellipsoid,
in length considerably exceeding the sepals.
B. Cmining'liaiiii.
Victorian Plants. 159
Leaves narrowly lanceolar-elliptical, recurved at the
margin.
Shrubby, closely beset with starry hairlets ; fruit slightly
exceeding the sepals. Figure 23. B. oleifolia.
BEYERIA.
765. Fruit beset with hairlets.
A tall shrub, finally almost arborescent, scarcely viscid ;
leaves rather long, firm, oval- or lanceolar-elliptical, some-
what recurved at the margin ; flowers solitary or two or
three together ; fruit comparatively large.
B. lasiocarpa.
Fruit glabrous ... ... ... ... ... ... 766
766. Leaves oval- or elliptical-lanceolar.
A shrub, often tall, always viscid ; leaves firm, generally
1 dark-green and shining above, often closely beset with
minute white hairlets beneath ; flowers solitary or two or
three together ; stalklets much longer than the calyx ;
fruit comparatively large. B. viscosa.
Leaves broad-linear, blunt.
A rather dwarf shrub ; leaves firm, blunt, narrowed towards
the base, hardly viscid or shining, pale-greenish or whitish
beneath ; stalklets about as long as the calyx ; fruit com-
paratively small. B. opaca.
RZCZNOCARPUS.
767. Fruit densely beset with minute spinular excrescences.
A rather tall, almost glabrous shrub ; leaves rigid, elongate-
linear, closely revolute at the margin ; flowers terminal,
fragrant, conspicuously stalked, generally one pistillate
flower accompanied by a few staminate flowers, the sepals
of the latter connate towards the base ; petals white,
comparatively long, usually six ; fruit relatively large.
R. pinifolius.
FORANTHERA.
768. Annual.
Dwarf; leaves almost flat, membranous, from linear-elliptical
to spatular-ovate ; racemes capitular, forming a leafy
corymb. P. microphylla.
Perennial 769
160 Key to the System of
769. Leaves abbreviated, linear, revolute at the margin.
Rather dwarf ; leaves crowded, rigid ; racemes capitular,
forming a compact corymb. P. ericoides.
Leaves elongated, from broad-linear to narrow-lanceo-
lar, flat or somewhat recurved at the margin.
Rather tall ; leaves firm ; racemes capitular, forming an
ample corymb. P. corymbosa.
A3KPEREA.
770. Stems and branches prominently triangular or biangular.
Perennial, slender herb ; leaves small, distant, occasionally
almost absent, mostly lanceolar- or rhomboid-cuneate and
somewhat indented ; flowers in small lateral or axillary
clusters. A. spartioides.
CLAOXYLON.
771. Leaves conspicuously stalked.
Finally a good -sized tree ; leaves almost membranous, from
ovate- to elliptic-lanceolar, denticulated; flowers very
small, in racemes, the staminate and the pistillate flowers
mostly on distinct plants. C. Australe.
ADRXANA.
772. Leaves scattered, conspicuously stalked.
Mainly a desert-shrub, scantily or extensively beset with
starry hairlets ; leaves often from ovate-lanceolar to
cordate in outline and three-lobed, with two stipitate
glandules at the base ; flowers rather large, in spikes, the
staminate and the pistillate flowers on distinct plants ;
fruit rather large. A. tomentosa.
Leaves opposite, hardly stalked.
Exclusively a coast-shrub, scantily or extensively beset
with starry hairlets ; leaves ovate-lanceolar or somewhat
rhombeous, lobeless, with two stipitate glandules at the
base ; flowers rather large, in spikes, the staminate and
pistillate flowers on distinct plants ; fruit rather large.
A. quadripartita.
IKXCRANTHEUM.
773. Stamens six to nine.
A shrub, often tall, almost or quite glabrous ; leaves rather
rigid, from linear- to cuneate- elliptical ; flowers small,
solitary or few together. M. hexandrum.
Victorian Plants. 161
/
PSEUDANTHUS.
774. Leaves mostly ovate.
A small spreading shrub ; leaves quite small ; sepals linear-
spathulate ; three of the filaments much longer than the
anthers. P. OValifolius.
Leaves mostly orbicular.
A small spreading shrub ; leaves quite small ; sepals yellow-
ish, ovate-spathulate ; none of the filaments much longer
than the anthers. P. divaricatissimus.
PHYLLANTHUS.
775. Fruit protracted upwards.
Annual, glabrous, greyish-green ; leaves almost elliptical,
somewhat cuneate, in two rows turned away from the
flowers somewhat to one side ; flowers axillary, on very
short stalklets ; sepals much shorter than the fruit ; seeds
large, rough, livid, acute at both ends, excavated at the
inner angle. P. trachyspermus.
Fruit depressed-globular ... ... ... 776
776. Styles undivided.
Herbaceous, glabrous ; leaves from narrow- to cuneate-
linear or the lower spatular-cuneate, flat or recurved at
the margin ; calyx of staminate flowers tubular.
P. tliesioides.
Styles divided into two segments ... ... ... 777
777. Beset with short hairlets 778
Glabrous 779
778. Staminate and pistillate flowers on distinct plants.
Perennial, beset with short scattered hairlets ; leaves
cuneate- or elliptic-obovate, recurved at the margin ;
stipules dark ; flowers quite small, on very short stalk-
lets ; fruit small. P. thymoides.
Staminate and pistillate flowers on the same plant.
Perennial, invested with minute greyish hairlets ; leaves
spatular- or elliptic-obovate ; flowers on short stalklets ;
fruit small ; seeds smooth, brownish.
P. Fuernrohrii.
M
162 Key to the System, of
779. Annual.
Leaves greyish-green, elliptical- or cuneate-obovate, in two
rows turning away from the flowers towards one side ;
flowers minute, on very short stalklets ; fruit small,
turgidly trilobed ; seeds streaked, blackish.
P. lacunarius.
Shrubby.
Tall shrub ; leaves rather large, from obovate- to obcordate-
orbicular, membranous, in two rows turning away from
the flowers towards one side ; flowers minute, usually a
few together in the axils, on conspicuous stalklets ; fruit
small, brownish. P. Gunnii.
CUPULIFERAE.
FAGUS.
780. Leaves small, flat, crenulated, mostly glabrous ; their
lateral venules faint.
A very large evergreen tree, with widely spreading branches;
leaves firm, from ovate- to orbicular- or deltoid-rhomboid;
involucral bracts fringed ; staminate flowers mostly soli-
tary ; stamens several ; fruit-bearing calyces minutely
lobed at the summit; fruits oftener triangular than
biangular. F. Cunningham!.
URTICACEAE.
TRBZKA.
781. Leaves from cordate- to ovate-lanceolar, much nar-
rowed into the apex.
From a tall shrub to a good-sized tree ; leaves somewhat
brittle, slightly serrulated ; flowers in short cymes ; fruit
small, from ovate to nearly roundish. Figure 24.
T. cannabina.
FICTTS.
782. Fruit-bearing receptacles small, short-stalked, almost
globular.
A tree, from small to rather large, hardly evergreen ; leaves
somewhat brittle, on short stalklets, from cordate- to
elliptical-ovate, accumulate, rather oblique, rough ; fruit-
bearing receptacles solitary or two together, sometimes
verging into an ovate or urceolar form. F. scabra.
Victorian Plants. 163
PARIETARXA.
783. Generally of annual duration.
A small herb ; leaves tender, scattered, from ovate and
rhomboid to almost cordate, their three nmin-venules
arising from the base together ; flowers few together in
cymes or almost in clusters; bracts from linear to lanceolar
or sometimes from ovate to cordate. P. debilis.
AUSTRAX.XNA.
784. Leaves from lanceolar-ovate to orbicular, largely and
bluntly denticulated.
A small perennial herb ; leaves tender, mostly scattered ;
flowers axillary, two or few together, the staminate and
the pistillate flowers distinct. A. pusilla.
CASUARXXTBAE.
CASUARINA.
785. Arboreous ... ...... ... ... ... 786
Shrubby ......... ..... ... 788
786. Seed-like fruits grey.
Branchlets rather robust, ascending, faintly streaked,
greyish-green ; whorls producing nine to sixteen very
short denticular rudimentary leaves ; strobile-like fruit-
masses depressed, rather small ; valvular seed-bearing
bracteoles very prominent. C.
Seed-like fruits dark-brown ............ 787
787. Branchlets rather robust, drooping.
Branchlets well streaked, dull-green ; whorls producing
nine to twelve pointed denticular rudimentary leaves;
strobile-like fruit-masses rather large ; valvular seed-
bearing bracteoles conspicuously protruding.
C. quadrivalvis.
Branchlets rather slender, ascending.
Branchlets dark-green ; whorls producing six to eight
minute denticular rudimentary leaves ; strobile-like fruit-
masses rather large ; valvular seed-bearing bracteoles
prominent, with a thick dorsal iippendage. Figure 25.
C. suberosa.
164 Key to tie System of
788. Valvular seed-bearing bracteoles with a rough dorsal
appendage.
Branchlets very slender ; whorls producing usually five
denticular rudimentary leaves ; strobile-like fruit-masses
very small; seed-like fruits dark-brown. C. liana.
Valvular seed-bearing bracteoles with a smooth dorsal
appendage — ... ... ... ... ... 789
789. Strobile-like fruit-masses rather large.
Whorls producing six to eight very short denticular rudi-
mentary leaves ; seed-bearing valvular bracteoles blunt ;
seed -like fruits dark-brown. C. distyla.
Strobile-like fruit-masses quite small.
Whorls producing six to eight very short denticular rudi-
mentary leaves ; seed-bearing valvular bracteoles blunt ;
seed-like fruits dark-brown. Ci paludosa.
PHYTOLACCEA.E.
DIBYIVXOTHECA.
790. Pistils three or more.
A rather small shrub; leaves channelled- or semicylindric-
linear, usually at the upper end recurved and pointed ;
flowers small, axillary, solitary, on very short stalklets,
the staminate and pistillate flowers on distinct plants ;
anthers almost sessile, in one circular row ; fruitlets
rather small, dorsally dehiscent. Figure 43.
D. pleiococca.
CODONOCARPUS.
791. Leaves from almost lanceolar to obovate and rhombeous.
Finally a small or rarely middle-sized tree, remaining some-
times shrubby ; leaves on slender stalks, greyish-green,
flat, somewhat acrid ; staminate flowers in racemes, their
anthers almost sessile, in one circular row ; pistillate
flowers on distinct plants ; fruitlets rather large, on long
stalklets; seeds wrinkled. C. cotinifolius.
FICOIDEAE.
1KOX.X.UGO.
792. Leaves very narrow.
Glabrous, very small, annual, erect or diffuse ; leaves almost
whorled, mostly narrow-linear ; flowers minute, on capil-
lary stalklets ; stamens three to five ; fruit very small,
three-valved. Uff. Cerviana.
Victorian Plants. 165
Leaves broadish ... ... ... 793
793. Sepals acute ; fruit five-valved.
Prostrate, beset with soft starry hairlets ; stems elongated ;
leaves comparatively large, from nearly obovate- or spatu-
lar- to cuneate-orbicular, almost whorled, flaccid ; flowers
rather large ; stamens five to twenty ; appendage of about
half the size of the seeds. Figure 41. M. Glinus.
Sepals obtuse ; fruit three-valved.
Prostrate ; stems almost unilaterally beset with crisp hair-
lets ; leaves nearly glabrous, almost whorled, from narrow -
or cuneate-elliptical to obovate ; flowers rather small ;
stamens three to ten ; appendage much smaller than the
seeds. M. Spergula.
794. Leaves almost semicylindric, prominently triangular.
Prostrate; flowers large; petals pink, narrow; styles six to
ten ; fruit very pulpy, edible. M. aequilaterale.
Leaves almost cylindric, hardly angular.
Prostrate; flowers rather large ; petals pink, narrow; styles
five ; fruit slightly pulpy. Figure 39. M. Australe.
TBTRAGONXA.
795. Prostrate, herbaceous.
Mainly a coast-plant ; densely beset with transparent minute
moist papules ; leaves from deltoid- to ovate-rhomboid ;
flowers small, nearly sessile ; lobes of the calyx yellowish
inside ; fruit broader upwards, bluntly angular, green.
" New Zealand Spinage." T. expansa.
Climbing, woody.
Mainly a coast-plant ; densely beset with transparent minute
moist papules ; leaves from lanceolar- to ovate-rhomboid ;
flowers small, long-stalked; lobes of the calyx yellow
inside ; fruit almost spherical, succulent, red. Figure 40.
T. implexicoma.
STELLARIA.
796. Leaves sharply pointed.
Perennial, sometimes tall; branchlets beset with crisp
hairlets; leaves rigid, from ovate- to iiarrow-lanceolar,
attenuated into a very acute apex ; sepals pungent ; petals
developed. S. pungeiis.
166 Key to the System of
Leaves hardly pointed ... ... ... 797
797. Petals undeveloped or rudimentary.
Annual, glabrous ; leaves narrow-lanceolar ; flowers solitary,
their stalklets usually abbreviated ; stamens five to ten,
much shorter than the sepals. S. multiflora.
Petals developed ... ... ... ., 795
798. Leaves linear, rather long.
Perennial, glabrous ; flowers solitary, their stalklets much
elongated. (S. glauca.) S. palustris.
Leaves from ovate to lanceolar, rather short.
Perennial, often tall, sometimes extending to great length ;
leaves flaccid, stalked ; flower-stalklets elongated.
S. flaccida.
SAGXNA.
799. Perennial, prostrate.
Very small plant ; stalklets curved after flowering ; sepals
finally spreading ; petals usually developed.
S. procumbens.
Annual, erect.
Minute plant ; stalklets straight after flowering ; sepals
continuing erect ; petals undeveloped or rudimentary.
S. apetala.
COIiOBANTHUS.
800. Densely tufted, depressed.
An alpine plant ; leaves abbreviated, rigid, linear-triangu-
lar, channelled, much pointed ; flowers solitary, on very
short stalklets. Figure 32. C. Beiithaniianus.
Almost stemless, erect.
Leaves elongated, narrow -linear, acute ; flowers solitary, on
long stalklets. C. Billarclieri.
POX.YCARPON.
801. Stamens three.
An annual, glabrous herb, spreading or prostrate ; leaves
from elliptical- to spatular-obovate, simply opposite or
oftener in double pairs almost whorled ; stipules and
bracts pointed, quite scarious ; flowers very small, in
cymes. P. tetraphyllum.
Victorian Plants. 167
SFERGUX.ARXA.
802. Petals rosy-red.
A perennial, small plant, often much beset with glandular
hairlets ; leaves linear-filiform ; stipules scarious ; flowers
in cymes ; sepals without any prominent venule ; stamens
five to ten ; seeds often membranously margined.
S. r libra.
803. Leaves very small, filiform-linear.
An annual, small, erect plant, beset with glandular hairlets ;
flowers solitary, conspicuously stalked ; petals narrow,
pink or white ; stamens shorter than the petals ; fruit
small, ellipsoid. S. tubulosa.
SCXiERANTHUS.
804. Tube of the calyx shorter than the lobes ... ... 805
Tube of the calyx longer than the lobes ...... 806
805. Calyx-lobes broad-membranous.
A laxly tufted, perennial, desert-plant ; leaves broadish-
trigonous-linear, much pointed ; flowers in sessile clusters ;
calyx deeply five-cleft, its lobes from lanceolar- to
orbicular-ovate and pointed ; stamens five, elongated ;
fruit only at its base adnate. S. pimgens.
Calyx-lobes narrow-membranous.
A subalpine, perennial, small plant ; leaves very narrow ;
flowers in sessile clusters ; calyx five-cleft to rather beyond
the middle, its lobes lanceolar- or deltoid-ovate ; stamens
two, rather abbreviated ; fruit only at its base adnate.
S. diander.
806. Flowers two at the summit of solitary stalks.
An alpine and subalpine plant, densely tufted and much
depressed ; leaves acicular-linear ; flowers minute ; calyx
four-cleft to less than the middle; stamen one; fruit
enclosed, but only at its base adnate. S. bi.fl.onis.
Flowers single on solitary stalks.
A densely tufted and much depressed alpine plant ; leaves
acicular-linear; flowers minute; calyx five-cleft to less
than the middle ; stamen one ; fruit enclosed, but only
at its base adnate. Figure 33. S. inniarioides.
168 Key to the System of
PORTULACEAE.
PORTULACA.
807. Leaves from obovate- to elliptical-cuneate, very
carnulent.
An annual, prostrate herb ; leaves mostly scattered on the
stems, crowded at the flowers, always glabrous, often
acidulous; minute stipular hairlets generally near the base
of the leaves ; flowers terminal, several, few or sometimes
solitary, 'sessile ; calyx -segments dorsally angular ; petals
tender-membranous, often five, yellow, rarely red; stamens
usually from seven to twelve ; stigmas capillary, five ;
lower portion of fruit adnate. P. oleracea.
CLAYTONIA.
808. Sepals deciduous.
Quite dwarf, annual ; leaves very turgid, from oval- to
narrow-ellipsoid ; stalklets shorter than the flowers ;
sepals very carnulent ; petals four to seven, pointed ;
stamens four to ten ; stigmas three ; fruit hard, black,
blunt, only at the summit dehiscent ; seeds dotted.
Figure 31. C. pygmaea.
Sepals persistent 809
809. Stalklets longer than the flowers 810
Stalklets shorter than the flowers ... ... ... 812
810. Seeds dotted.
Annual ; stems not rarely flexuous or twining ; leaves turgid,
from almost elliptical to cylindric-linear, those near the
root crowded ; stalklets soon distant, in age refracted ;
petals small, pink ; stamens five to ten ; fruit pointed ;
seeds very minute. (C. pusilla.) C. volubilis.
Seeds smooth ... ... ... .., ... 811
811. Leaves from spatular- to linear-ellipsoid.
Annual ; leaves turgid, those near the root crowded ; stalk-
lets soon distant, refracted in age ; petals small, pink ;
stamens few ; fruit conical-ellipsoid ; seeds rather small.
C. calyptrata.
Leaves compressed-cylindrical.
Perennial, floating or creeping or tufted ; leaves mostly
scattered, clasping at their base ; flowers few or even
only two or one ; stalklets elongated ; petals comparatively
large, white; stamens generally five; fruit almost globular;
seeds usually three, comparatively large, black, shining.
C. Australasica.
Victorian Plants. 169
812. Bracts large.
Annual, prostrate ; leaves mostly scattered, from cylindric-
to elliptic-linear ; flowers small ; sepals finally somewhat
elongated ; stamens few ; fruit almost entirely enclosed ;
seeds comparatively large, shining, smooth.
C. brevipedata.
Bracts minute.
Annual, prostrate ; leaves almost linear, those near the root
crowded; flowers extremely minute; petals white; stamens
usually three ; fruit upwards cylindrical, much exserted ;
seeds one to four, comparatively large, black, shining,
smooth. C. corrigiolacea.
1KONTXA.
813. Leaves mostly opposite.
Very small semiaquatic herb ; basal leaves spatular-elliptic,
the other leaves from linear- to elliptical-lanceolar ;
flowers very small, on conspicuous stalklets ; petals white ;
fruit almost globular ; seeds three or two, somewhat
rough. M. foutana.
NYCTAGINEAE.
BOERHAAVXA.
814. Flowers very small, usually several together at the
end of the branchlets of the panicle.
Prostrate or ascending ; leaves mostly small, from lanceolar-
ovate to cordate, often slightly sinuate of denticulate ;
branchlets of the panicle exceedingly thin ; upper portion
of the calyx pink ; stamens one to three ; stigma dilated,
almost hemispherical ; fruit very small, rarely glabrous.
Figure 44. B. diffusa.
POLYGONA.CEAE.
RTJ1VIEX.
815. Floral leaves almost absent.
Lower leaves elongated, elliptic-lanceolar, narrowed or
truncate or bilobed at the base ; inner fruit-sepals hooked-
pointed, on each side closely and quite narrowly lobed.
B. Brownii.
Floral leaves copiously present ... ... ... 816
170 Key to the System of
816. Inner fruit-sepals short-denticulated.
Much branched; lower leaves elongate-lanceolar, at the base
rounded or angular ; floral leaves gradually smaller ; inner
fruit-sepals straight-pointed. B». flexuosus.
Inner fruit-sepals with one or two very narrow lobes
on each side ... . ... ... ... ... 817
817. Inner fruit-sepals very small, but with a conspicuous
dorsal turgidity.
Rather dwarf ; leaves from lanceolar- and hastate- to broad-
linear, crisped at the margin. R. crystallixrus.
Inner fruit-sepals rather large, rhomboid, with a faint
dorsal turgidity.
Rather tall, hardly branched ; root creeping ; stem hollow ;
lower leaves elongated, elliptical-lanceolar, lobeless at the
base ; floral leaves gradually narrower. "R. bidens.
POX.VGONI7BI.
818. Prostrate 819
Erect or diffuse ... ... ... ... ... 820
i
819. Flowers axillary, few or solitary.
Leaves very small, from narrow-spatular to almost elliptical
and linear ; fruit always triangular, smooth, shining.
P. plebejum.
Flowers in spikes or spike-like racemes.
Beset with appressed hairlets ; stipular tube scantily cilio-
lated, sometimes herbaceously protracted ; leaves almost
lanceolar ; spikes axillary and terminal, short- stalked ;
flowers greenish ; fruit always biangular.
F. prostratuxn.
820. Flowers in abbreviated spikes.
Somewhat beset with stiff reversed hairlets ; leaves from
oval to lanceolar, mostly truncate or bilobed at the base ;
stipular tube long- ciliolated; spikes few-flowered, reddish,
on dichotomous stalks ; fruit bi- or tri-angular.
P. strigosum.
Flowers in elongated spikes ... ... ... ... 821
Victorian Plants. 171
821. Flowers somewhat distant in the spikes.
Nearly glabrous ; leaves almost lanceolar, glandular-dotted ;
stipular tube inflated, short-ciliolated ; spikes slender,
flaccid ; flowers green or reddish, glandular- dotted ; fruit
tri- or oftener bi-angular, granular-streaked, without
lustre. P. Hydropiper.
Flowers closely crowded in the spikes ... ... 822
822. Leaves glandular-dotted.
Glabrous, tall ; leaves mostly broad- or elongate-lanceolar ;
stipular tube almost without cilioles ; spikes stout, some-
what paniculated ; flowers greenish or reddish, glandular-
dotted; fruit usually biangular. Pt lapathifolium.
Leaves without any glandular dots ... ... ... 823
823. Nearly glabrous.
Leaves mostly narrow-lanceolar ; stipular tube long-cilio-
lated; spikes slender, of ten somewhat paniculated; flowers
reddish; fruit bi- or tri-angular. P. minus.
Appressed-hairy.
Leaves mostly elongated-lanceolar, on very short stalks ;
stipular tube long-ciliolated ; flowers greenish ; fruit bi-
angular. P. subsessile.
MUEHLENBECK.IA.
824. Prostrate.
Matted; leaves small, mostly from oval to orbicular; flowers
few together or solitary ; fruit-calyx often very succulent ;
fruit acutely triangular. M. axillaris.
Erect or climbing or diffuse ... ... ... ... 825
825. Leaves broad .. 826
Leaves narrow ... ... ... ... 827
826. Leaves firm, short-pointed.
Climbing, tall; branchlets robust; leaves large, from
ovate- hastate to orbicular-cordate or some lanceolar ;
flowers mostly in interrupted spike-like racemes, rather
172 Key to the System of
large ; fruit-calyx very succulent when well developed,
but oftener withering ; fruit obtusely triangular.
" Macquarie-Harbor-Grape " in Tasmania.
M. adpressa.
Leaves almost membranous, long-pointed.
Climbing, tall ; branchlets slender ; leaves from ovate-
hastate to orbicular-cordate ; flowers in slender spike-like
racemes, rather small ; fruit obtusely triangular, without
lustre. M. gracillima.
827. Interwoven-branched.
Tall ; leaves linear or verging into an elliptic- lanceolar form,
often undeveloped ; flowers in axillary clusters or some-
times in spike-like racemes ; fruit-calyx withering ; fruit
triangular, shining. " Polygonum " here vernacularly.
M. Cunningham!.
Strictly erect ...
828. Fruit-calyx withering.
Leaves usually broad-linear, grey-green ; flowers in axillary
clusters ; fruit trigonous -globular, nearly smooth, shining.
Figure 42. M. polygonoides.
Fruit-calyx very succulent.
Leaves all narrow-linear, bright-green ; flowers in axillary
clusters ; fruit trigonous, somewhat pointed at the summit
and at the base, dull-black, rough. M. stenophylla.
FTXX.OTUS.
829. Shrubby, much branched.
Closely beset with whitish or greyish stellate hairlets ;
leaves from rhombeous and orbicular to obovate and
lanceolar-elliptical ; spike comparatively short, some-
times almost capitular; bract brownish, blunt; bracteoles
pointed ; sepals about twice as long as the bracteoles,
often somewhat purplish, pale or seldom red at the
summit. Figure 35. P. obovatus.
Almost or quite herbaceous, but little branched or
branchless ... ... ... ... ... ... 830
Victorian Plants. 173
830. Sepals pale or greenish-yellowish at the summit ... 831
Sepals red at the summit ... ... ... 834
831. Prostrate.
Basal leaves spatular-obovate ; stem-leaves more lanceolar ;
spike somewhat elongated, bearing a rather soft vesti-
ture ; bract pointed ; sepals about twice as long as the
bracteoles. P. spatulatus.
Erect 832
832. Spike mostly abbreviated.
Stem mostly simple ; leaves from lanceolar to linear ;
carinular venule of bract and bracteoles faint ; sepals
very long, pale-yellowish. P. macrocephalus.
Spike mostly elongated ... ... ... ... 833
833. Lower leaves many times longer than broad.
Leaves crisped ; spike very long ; bract and bracteoles quite
colorless and transparent, much shining, rounded blunt,
their carinular venule almost obliterated.
P. alopecuroides.
Lower leaves twice or thrice longer than broad.
Rather robust ; leaves glabrous, the lower obovate-elliptical,
the upper narrow ; spike slightly yellowish, some of the
upper flowers imperfect ; bract much pointed ; carinular
venule of bract and bracteoles prominent.
P. nobilis.
834. Spike often elongated.
Rather tall and robust ; leaves generally glabrous, the lower
from obovate to lanceolar, the upper mostly narrower ;
spike usually somewhat conical ; bract brownish, very
pointed ; sepals mostly large, light-purplish, hardly half
as long as the bracteoles. P. ex alt at us,
Spike always capitular.
Ascendent or erect, never tall ; leaves all nearly linear ;
bract short-pointed ; sepals usually curved upwards,
hardly half as long as the bracteoles.
P. erubesceus.
174 Key to the System of
ALTERNANTHERA.
835. Sepals quite glabrous.
Prostrate, slightly beset with hairlets ; leaves from broad-
linear to elliptic-lanceolar, minutely denticulated ; spikes
very short, often cluster-like ; bracts, bracteoles and
sepals very scarious, pointed ; two or three only of the
stamens anther-bearing. A. triandra.
EUXOLUS.
836. Fruit considerably longer than the sepals.
Dwarf, diffuse ; leaves small, conspicuously stalked, from
spatular- to elliptical-obovate, their lateral venules costu-
lar ; flowers mostly in axillary clusters ; sepals usually
three, narrow, pointed ; fruit reticular-rough.
E. macrocarpns.
POXiYCNEZKON.
837. Sepals somewhat succulent.
Herbaceous, prostrate ; leaves semicylindrical ; sepals con-
siderably longer than the bracteoles, colored inside ;
stamens five ; stigmas about as long as the style.
Figure 34. P. pentandrum.
Sepals dry.
Somewhat shrubby, ascending ; leaves thinly semicylindrical,
the floral leaves dilated at the base ; sepals about as long
as the bracteoles, whitish ; stamens two ; stigmas much
shorter than the style. P. diaiidrum.
SAX.SOX.ACEAE.
SALXCORNXA.
838. Herbaceous.
Comparatively dwarf; rudimentary leaves hardly prominent;
spikes elongated, rather thin, with blunt bracts ; flowers
few or several together ; calyx somewhat succulent, ter-
minated by three or four minute lobes ; stamens two ;
seed placed vertically. S. Australis.
Shrubby 839
839. Spikes thick, with acute bracts.
Tall, very robust ; rudimentary leaves opposite, deltoid,
very prominent ; flowers three together, the middle one
Victorian Plants. 175
pistillate, the two lateral flowers staminate only ; calyx
much compressed, membranous, terminated by two, three
or four very short unequal lobes ; stamen one ; seed placed
vertically. Figure 38. S. robusta.
Spikes short, with blunt bracts.
Tall ; rudimentary leaves hardly prominent ; flowers three
together, all staminate and pistillate ; calyx terminated
by three or four unequal lobes ; stamens two ; seed placed
vertically. S. arbuscula.
ATRXPLEX.
840. Fruit-calyx (or bracteal involucre) closed only near
the base 841
Fruit-calyx closed to near the middle or still further
upwards ... ... ... ••• ... 846
841. Fruit-calyx of almost spongy texture.
Quite shrubby ; leaves from elliptical and lanceolar to
orbicular- oval, mostly entire ; staminate and pistillate
flowers on the same plant ; the clusters of the staminate
flowers in terminal spikes, of the pistillate flowers solitary
and axillary ; segments of the fruit-calyx roundish, mem-
branous, with an inflated dorsal appendage.
A. vesicarium.
Fruit-calyx of almost foliaceous texture ... ... 842
842. Staminate and pistillate flowers on the same plant.
Somewhat shrubby ; leaves from rhomboid to oval and
orbicular, often sinuous and somewhat denticulated ;
flowers mostly in axillary clusters ; fruit-calyx with a
stalk-like base, the segments dilated and denticulated.
A. angulatum.
Staminate and pistillate flowers on separate plants ... 843
843. Leaves from orbicular- to ovate-rhombeous.
Quite shrubby, tall ; clusters of the staminate flowers in
paniculate spikes, of the pistillate flowers often solitary
and axillary ; fruit-calyx somewhat turgid, its segments
from deltoid- to ovate-orbicular. A. mimmularium.
Leaves from lanceolar to elliptical or obovate ... 844
176 Key to the System of
844. Fruit-calyx without any stalk-like prolongation.
Quite shrubby, restricted to the coast, often tall ; leaves
succulent, glistening, from lanceolar to oval, entire ;
clusters of staminate flowers mostly in paniculate spikes,
those of pistillate flowers generally solitary and axillary ;
segments of the fruit-calyx from deltoid to rhomboid.
A. cinereum.
Fruit-calyx on a stalk-like prolongation ... ... 845
845. Stalk-like prolongation nearly as long as the segments
of the fruit-calyx.
Desert-plant, somewhat shrubby ; leaves from narrow-
elliptical to obovate, entire ; clusters of staminate flowers
mostly in paniculate spikes, of the pistillate flowers some
axillary and solitary ; segments of the fruit-calyx almost
renate. A. stipitatum.
Stalk-like prolongation considerably shorter than the
segments of the fruit-calyx.
Coast-plant, somewhat shrubby, often prostrate ; leaves
from elliptic to lanceolar, entire ; clusters of staminate
flowers mostly in paniculate spikes, of the pistillate
flowers some solitary and axillary ; segments of the fruit-
calyx from deltoid to cordate and renate.
A. paludosum,
846. Fruit-calyx closed to near the middle ... ... 847
Fruit-calyx closed to near the summit ... ... 849
847. Fruit-calyx entirely of foliaceous texture.
Quite shrubby ; leaves hastate-ovate, entire or somewhat
denticulated ; staminate and pistillate flowers on the same
plant, the clusters of the former in paniculate spikes, of
the latter axillary ; fruit-calyx turgid, rhomboid, entire
and without any appendages. A. rhagodioides.
Fruit-calyx succulent and red towards the base ... 848
848. Prostrate.
Almost herbaceous ; leaves small, from lanceolar- to cuneate-
oval, often denticulated ; staminate and pistillate flowers
on the same plant, in axillary clusters or some solitary ;
fruit-calyx rhomboidal. A. semibaccatum.
Victorian Plants. 177
Erect.
Almost herbaceous*; leaves from rhomboidal to obovate,
rather large, conspicuously sinuous and denticulated ;
staminate and pistillate flowers on the same plant, all in
axillary clusters ; fruit-calyx rhomboidal, turgid.
A. Muelleri.
849. Fruit-calyx of almost foliaceous texture ... ... 850
Fruit-calyx succulent or of almost spongy texture ... 851
850. Lobes of the fruit-calyx minute, entire, without any
appendage.
Desert-plant, almost herbaceous, often prostrate; leaves
from elliptical and cuneate to rhomboidal, usually some-
what sinuous and denticulated ; staminate and pistillate
flowers on the same plant, all in axillary clusters ; fruit-
calyx narrow -tubular. A. leptocarpum.
Lobes of the fruit-calyx with two pointed lobules and
with a dorsal appendage.
Desert-plant, alniost herbaceous, often prostrate ; leaves
from elliptical and cuneate to rhomboidal, usually some-
what sinuous and denticulated ; staminate and pistillate
flowers on the same plant, all in axillary clusters ; fruit-
calyx compressed-tubular. A. limbatuni.
851. Fruit-calyx succulent and green.
Coast-plant, quite herbaceous, prostrate, very succulent,
papillular - glistening ; leaves small, from elliptical to
rhomboidal, indented ; staminate and pistillate flowers on
the same plant, all axillary, the pistillate flowers solitary
or two together; fruit-calyx turgid, its lobes slightly
denticulated. A. crystalliiium.
Fruit-calyx of spongy texture... ... ... ... 852
852. Fruit-calyx flat at the summit.
A desert-shrub, seldom tall ; leaves from lanceolar- to
rhombeous-ovate, entire or somewhat denticulated ;
staminate and pistillate flowers on the same plant, in
axillary clusters or some solitary ; fruit-calyx much
enlarged, from top-shaped (turbinate) to almost semi-
globular, transversely acute-edged, minutely bilobed at
the summit, without any appendages.
A. halimoides.
Fruit-calyx rounded at the summit ... ... ... 853
N
178 Key to the System of
853. Fruit-calyx rather large, turgidly obovate.
A desert-plant, almost herbaceous ; leaves from obovate to
rhombeous, somewhat sinuous and denticulated; staminate
and pistillate flowers on the same plant, all in axillary
clusters ; fruit-calyx minutely bilobed at the summit,
without any appendages. A. holocarptim.
Fruit-calyx rather small, depressed-globular.
A desert-plant, almost herbaceous ; leaves small, from
lanceolar- to rhomboid-obovate, slightly sinuous and
somewhat denticulated ; staminate and pistillate flowers
on the same plant, in axillary clusters or some solitary ;
fruit-calyx minutely bilobed at the summit, without any
appendages. A. spougiosum.
RHACODia.
854. Leaves mostly opposite ... ... ... ... 855
Leaves mostly scattered ... ... ... 856
855. Leaves acute.
Climbing or somewhat prostrate and diffuse, weak ; leaves
small, from deltoid to lanceolate -linear ; panicle small;
fruit red or yellow outside ; seed placed horizontally.
R. nu tans.
Leaves obtuse.
Leaves rather large, ovate-hastate or some verging into a
rhombeous form ; panicle seldom large ; fruit red outside ;
seed placed horizontally. B». hastata.
856. Branchlets often ending in thorns.
Finally rather tall, rigid ; leaves comparatively small, from
oval to orbicular and deltoid or hastate; panicle often small;
fruit red or yellow outside ; seed placed horizontally.
R. spiuescens.
Branchlets seldom ending in thorns.
Finally tall, robust, erect or straggling, rarely dwarfed;
leaves succulent, comparatively large, from ovate- to
lanceolar- or hastate- or narrow- elliptical ; panicle often
ample; fruit usually red outside; seed placed horizontally.
B. Billardieri.
Victorian Plants 179
CHENOPODIUM.
857. Perennial .. .1 - 858
Annual ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• 861
858. Fruit compressed ... 859
Fruit depressed ••• 860
859. Tall, shrubby.
Branchlets often ending in thorns ; leaves spatular- or linear-
elliptical, entire; spikes of flower-clusters often panicu-
late ; stamens five ; seed placed vertically.
C. nitrariaceum.
Prostrate, herbaceous.
Somewhat papular ; leaives from narrow-lanceolar to rhom-
boid-hastate ; flowers in small axillary clusters ; sepals
at the base prominently thickened, upwards gradually
pointed ; stamen one ; seed placed vertically.
C. atriplicinum.
860. Erect, tall.
Almost herbaceous ; leaves from elliptical and oval to almost
hastate ; spikes of flower- clusters often paniculate ; sta-
mens five ; seed placed horizontally. C. auric omum.
Prostrate, very small.
Leaves minute, from lanceolar and ovate to rhomboid ;
flower-clusters mostly axillary ; stamen one ; seed placed
horizontally. C. microphyllum.
861. Sepals bluntly keeled.
Prostrate, odorous, beset with glandule-bearing hairlets ;
leaves small, from elliptical- to roundish-rhomboid, wavy-
sinuous ; flower-clusters mostly axillary ; stamen one ;
seed placed vertically. C. carinatum.
Sepals fringed-membranous along their keel.
Prostrate, odorous, beset with glandule-bearing hairlets ;
leaves small, from elliptical- to roundish-rhomboid, wavy-
sinuous ; flower-clusters mostly axillary ; stamen one ;
seed placed vertically. C. cristatum.
180 Key to the System of
BVSPKANZA.
862. Calyx consisting of a single sepal.
Annual small herb, prostrate or ascending ; leaves very
small, from ovate to elliptical ; flower-clusters singly
axillary, often crowded ; stamens one to three, but in
many of the flowers absent ; styles two ; seed placed
vertically. D. myriocephala.
BASSIA.
863. Fruit-calyces 'two or more, connate ... ... ... 864
Fruit-calyces solitary ... ... ... ... ... 865
864. Fruit-calyces usually two, connate towards the base.
Never tall, densely beset with whitish or greyish very short
hairlets ; fruit-calyces indurated, comparatively long,
slender upwards, without any or with quite diminutive
spinules, sometimes a third and rarely a fourth fruit-
calyx developed from the same base ; seed placed horizon-
tally. B. biflora.
Fruit-calyces several or many, capitular-connate.
Closely invested with whitish or greyish hairlets ; fruit-
. calyces very much indurated, each with one or two
spinules ; seed placed horizontally. B. paradoxa.
865. Fruit-spinules conspicuous ... ... ... ... 866
Fruit-spinules inconspicuous or obliterated ... ... 869
866. Fruit-calyx with two spinules 867
Fruit-calyx with three to five spinules ... ... 868
867. Fruit-calyx with two short spinules.
Densely beset with short, sometimes shining hairlets ;
fruit-calyx comparatively small, indurated; seed placed
horizontally. B. diacautha.
Fruit-calyx with two long spinules.
Very densely beset with short whitish hairlets ; fruit-calyx
comparatively large, much indurated, its spinules strong ;
seed placed horizontally. B. bicornis.
Victorian Plants. 181
868. Leaves flattened.
Glabrous ; leaves naVrowed at the base ; fruit-calyx small,
indurated, with four to five acicular spiimles ; seed placed
vertically. B. quinquecuspis.
Leaves almost semicylindrical.
Glabrous ; fruit- calyx small, indurated, with three to four
unequal acicular spinules ; seed placed vertically.
B. divaricata.
869. Leaves almost semicylindrical.
Prostrate, nearly glabrous ; leaves very short, succulent ;
fruit-calyx minute, almost obliquely pear-shaped, indu-
rated, without any spinules, but with an unilateral
carinular prominence ; seed placed vertically. Figure 36.
B. salsuginosa.
Leaves flattened ... ... ... ... ... 870
870. Fruit-calyx almost glabrous.
Herbaceous, quite dwarf, often prostrate, somewhat beset
with hairlets ; leaves from lanceolar- to broad-linear,
rather flat ; fruit-calyces neither indurated nor spinulous,
its lobes upwards dilated with somewhat inflexed margin ;
seed placed horizontally. B. eiicliylaenoides.
Fruit-calyx involved in a lanuginous vestiture ... 871
871. Fruit-calyx with five very small spinules and as many
minute appendages.
Somewhat shrubby, never tall, densely beset with whitish
hairlets ; seed placed horizontally.
B. sclerolaeiioid.es.
Fruit-calyx without any conspicuous spinules and
appendages.
Somewhat shrubby, never tall, densely beset with whitish
hairlets ; fruit-calyces almost globular, minute, nearly
membranous ; seed placed horizontally.
B. Dallachyaua.
182 Key to the System of
K.OCHXA.
872. Horizontal margin of fruit-calyx lobed or denticulated
or ciliolated ... ... ... ... ... ... 873
Horizontal margin of fruit-calyx without any lobes or
denticles or cilioles ... ... ... ... ... 878
873. Margin of fruit-calyx ciliolated or indurate-denticulated 874
Margin of fruit-calyx broadly membranous, deeply
five-lobed 876
874. Margin of fruit-calyx conspicuously ciliolated.
Erect, somewhat shrubby, beset with short hairlets ; leaves
flat, lanceolar-linear ; fruit-calyx much depressed, ex-
panded into a hard horizontal lobeless margin.
X. ciliata.
Margin of fruit-calyx denticulated ... ... ... 875
875. Margin of fruit-calyx with five denticles.
Prostrate, hardly shrubby, beset with scattered rather long
and soft hairlets ; leaves almost flat ; fruit-calyx small,
somewhat indurated, longitudinally five -lined.
K. br achy pt era.
Margin of fruit-calyx with about ten denticles.
Hardly shrubby, mostly beset with short hairlets ; leaves
very short; fruit-calyx small, somewhat indurated, without
any decurrent lines. X. stelligera.
876. Leaves mostly opposite.
Shrubby, erect, rather dwarf, often beset with short and
shining hairlets ; leaves very short, from lanceolar- to
ovate-triangular ; fruit-calyx expanded into five broad
horizontal membranous lobes. X. oppositifolia.
Leaves scattered or irregularly crowded ... ... 877
877. Expanding membranes of the fruit-calyx almost or
quite glabrous.
Shrubby, erect, somewhat beset with short hairlets ; leaves
very short ; appendages at the orifice of the calyx none.
X. brevifolia.
Victorian Plants. 183
Expanding membranes of the fruit-calyx invested with
minute hairlets.
Somewhat shrubby, erect, much beset with whitish hairlets ;
leaves generally rather long ; appendages at the orifice of
the calyx five, very narrow, acute. K. lanosa.
878. Fruit-calyx with usually three decurrent membranes.
Somewhat shrubby, erect, glabrous ; leaves comparatively
long, semicylindric-linear, generally acute ; horizontal
expansion of the fruit-calyx broad. K. triptera.
Fruit-calyx without any decurrent membranes ... 879
879. Fruit-calyx top-shaped below, broad-conical above.
Shrubby, erect, much beset with short hairlets ; leaves
comparatively short ; horizontal expansion of the fruit-
calyx broad. K. pyramidata.
Fruit-calyx almost hemispherical ... 880
880. Horizontal membrane of the fruit-calyx quite broad... 881
Horizontal membrane of the fruit-calyx very narrow 882
881. Leaves rather long.
Shrubby, not rarely spinescent, somewhat beset with whitish
or greyish or brownish short hairlets; leaves usually rather
long, but sometimes diminutive or obliterated ; vertex of
the fruit-calyx flat. Figure 36. K. villosa.
Leaves rather short.
Shrubby, closely invested with whitish or greyish or
brownish short hairlets; leaves crowded, thick, blunt;
expansion of fruit-calyx not rarely reddish.
K. sedifolia.
882. Shrubby and erect.
Slightly beset with very short hairlets ; leaves very small,
quite narrow, somewhat turgid ; flowers very small,
crowded into leafy spikes ; fruit-calyx much depressed ;
expansion of fruit not always developed.
K. microphylla.
Herbaceous and quite dwarf.
Beset with short and somewhat shining hairlets ; leaves
flat, lanceolate-linear, comparatively long ; fruit-calyx,
except at its vertex, generally glabrous.
K. humillima.
184 Key to the System of
SALSOLA.
883. .Annual.
Leaves scattered or near the flowers crowded, short,
sessile, cylindrical, spinescent ; flowers axillary, sessile ;
membranous appendages of the fruit-bearing calyx dis-
connected, dilated ; seed placed horizontally. S. Kali.
STJAEDA.
884. Seed placed horizontally.
Herbaceous, glabrous ; leaves numerous, succulent, almost
semicylindrical, short ; flowers very small, sessile, two or
few together, axillary, seldom solitary. S. niaritima,
ENCHYZiAENA.
885. Fruit-bearing calyx red or yellow.
Prostrate or diffuse, generally beset with short hairlets ;
leaves scattered, short, somewhat succulent ; flowers
sessile, axillary, solitary ; stamens five ; seed placed
horizontally. ' E. tomentosa.
THREIiK.EX.DXA.
886. Fruit-bearing calyx dark-purplish.
Prostrate or diffuse, always glabrous ; leaves scattered,
short, somewhat succulent ; flowers sessile, axillary,
solitary ; stamens three ; seed placed vertically.
T. diffusa.
FRANKENIACEAE.
FRAN KEN I A.
887. Somewhat shrubby.
Leaves small, from ovate- to linear-lanceolar or almost
linear, usually recurved at the margin ; flowers small,
scattered or forming a leafy cyme ; petals pink or some-
times white ; fruit enclosed. F. la e vis.
FXVUB
STATIC!:.
888. Petals yellow.
Perennial, glabrous herb ; leaves firm, large, all basal,
obovate- or elliptic-spatular ; flowers in unilateral pani-
culated spikes ; calyces upwards dilated and somewhat
folded, acutely denticulated ; petals disconnected, soon
enc osed. Figure 30. S. Taxanthema.
Victorian Plants. 185
LECrUIVIIIVOSAE.
ACACIA.
889. Leaves reduced to usually foliaceous-dilated and often
vertical leafstalks (phyllodia), rarely absent ... 890
Leaves bipinnate '.. ... ... .. 946
890. Phyllodia absent, the branchlets resembling phyllodia 891
Phyllodia present, articulated on the branchlets ... 892
891. Flowers very small, few in each headlet.
Low shrub ; branchlets furrowed, pungent ; headlets of
flowers solitary, nearly sessile ; fruit narrow, constricted
between the seeds ; arillar seed-appendage narrow, pale
or brownish. A. spiiiescens.
Flowers rather large, many in each headlet.
Low shrub ; branchlets pungent ; headlets of flowers soli-
tary, on very short stalks ; fruit narrow, constricted
between the seeds ; arillar seed-appendage narrow, pale
or brownish. A. continua.
892. Flowers in globular headlets ... ... 893
Flowers in almost cylindrical spikes ... .. ... 937
893. Phyllodia spinular-pungent. (Also some forms of A. lani-
gera) .' 894
Phyllodia blunt or recurved-pointed ... ... ... 901
894. Phyllodia from compressed-cylindrical and linear to
narrow-lanceolar ... ... ... ... ... 895
Phyllodia somewhat triangular ... ... ... 900
895. Phyllodia equally streaked by several subtle venules.
Shrub, rather tall ; phyllodia sessile, rigid, compressed-
cylindrical, very narrow, straight-pointed; stipules absent;
headlets of flowers solitary or two together, on very
short stalks ; fruit narrow, much curved ; arillar seed-
appendage almost cup-shaped, amply clasping, bright- or
orange-yellow. A. colletioides.
Phyllodia lined by only one prominent venule ... 896
186 Key to the System of
896. Calyx and corolla mostly five-lobed; seed-appendage
absent - ... 897
Calyx and corolla mostly four-lobed ; seed-appendage
present
897. Phyllodia from linear- to narrow-lanceolar, slightly
curved, at the base narrowed.
Alpine, tall shrub; phyllodia short, almost equilateral;
stipules present; headlets of flowers solitary or two
together, short-stalked ; fruit strongly compressed, nearly
straight, linear-elliptical ; seeds placed transversely.
A. siculiformis.
Phyllodia quadrangular-linear, subulate, straight, with
broad base sessile.
Shrub, low and spreading ; phyllodia short ; headlets of
flowers solitary, their stalks about as long as the phyllodia
or longer ; stipules present ; fruit broad-linear ; seeds
placed longitudinally, black and somewhat mottled, with-
out any lustre. A. juniperina.
898. Phyllodia dilated near and at the base.
Dwarf shrub ; phyllodia flat, subulate-linear ; stipules
obliterated; headlets of flowers solitary, their stalks
about as long as the phyllodia or shorter ; fruit broad-
linear ; arillar seed-appendage ample, bilobed, pale.
A. rupicola.
Phyllodia narrow also near and at the base ... 899
899. Phyllodia quadrangulate-acicular.
Shrub, mostly prostrate ; phyllodia short, sessile, spreading
or reversed ; stipules minute ; headlets of flowers solitary
or two together, their stalks about as long as the phyllodia
or longer ; sepals disconnected ; fruit broad-linear ; seeds
shining ; arillar seed-appendage light-brownish.
A. tenuifolia.
Phyllodia quadrangulate-linear.
Shrub, rather tall ; phyllodia moderately long, sessile ;
stipules minute ; headlets of flowers solitary or two
together, short-stalked ; sepals coherent ; fruit broad-
linear ; arillar seed-appendage ample, light-brownish.
A. cliffusa.
Victorian Plants. 187
900. Phyllodia from dimidiately lanceolar- rhomboid to
almost deltoid, the lateral angle below the middle.
Shrub, almost procumbent ; phyllodia short, very inequi-
lateral, gradually much pointed ; headlets of flowers
solitary, their stalks about as long as the phyllodia ;
fruit narrow, almost straight ; seeds roundish, mottled,
without any arillar appendage. A. vcmeriforniis.
Phyllodia oblique-cuneate, the lateral angle above the
middle.
Low shrub ; branchlets pungent ; phyllodia very short,
inequilateral ; headlets of flowers solitary, their stalks
rather longer than the phyllodia ; fruit narrow, spirally
twisted ; arillar seed-appendage cup-shaped.
A. acanthoclada.
901. Phyllodia compressed-filiform ... ... 902
Phyllodia flat 903
902. Phyllodia with only one venule on each side.
Tall glabrous shrub ; phyllodia generally elongated, hardly
rigid, at the apex recurved; thevenules impressed; head-
lets of flowers solitary or oftener two together or shortly
racemose ; calyx divided into sepals ; fruit long, very
narrow, bi-convex, often constricted between the seeds.
A. calamifolia.
Phyllodia finely streaked with several venules on
each side.
Tall shrub ; phyllodia elongated, as well as the branchlets
beset with very minute hairlets ; headlets of flowers
solitary or two or seldom few together on very short
stalks ; calyx divided into lobes ; fruit linear, convex,
between the seeds constricted. A. rigens.
903. Phyllodia with one or rarely two longitudinal venules
on each side ... ... ... ... ... ... 904
Phyllodia with more than two longitudinal venules on
each side ... ... ... ... ... ... 926
904. Headlets of flowers solitary or in pairs. (Also some
forms of A. brachybotrya and of A. salicina) ... ... 905
Headlets of flowers in racemes .. ... ... 915
188 Key to the System of
905. Stipules minutely acicular. (Exception : some forms of
A. Sentis) ... ... ... ... ... ... 906
Stipules very small and membranous or absent ... 908
906. Rough from short glandule-bearing hairlets.
Tall, visciduluous shrub ; phyllodia rather short, from
narrowly elliptic-lanceolar to broad-linear, recurved at
the summit, otherwise almost straight ; headlets of flowers
on rather short stalks; fruit narrow, somewhat curved,
convex ; arillar appendage rather pale, clasping only the
base of the seed. A. aspera.
Smooth or beset with non-glandular hairlets... ... 907
907. Phyllodia flexuous.
Shrub, finally tall ; phyllodia obliquely or dimidiately ovate-
or narrow-lanceolar, recurved at the summit ; stipules
often very conspicuous ; stalks of flower-headlets about
as long as the phyllodia or longer ; fruit very narrow,
beset with hairlets ; arillar appendage rather pale, clasp-
ing only the base of the seed. A. arniata.
Phyllodia flat.
Shrub or small tree ; phyllodia from elliptic-lanceolar to
broad-linear, somewhat oblique ; stipules often partly un-
developed ; headlets of flowers conspicuously stalked,
solitary or oftener two together, rarely in racemes ; fruit
smooth, flat, broad ; valves (pericarp) thin ; seeds placed
transversely, very turgid, mottled ; arillar appendage
much twisted, clasping only the base of the seed.
A. Sentis.
908. Phyllodia as long as or shorter than the flower-stalks 909
Phyllodia longer than the flower-stalks ... .. 911
909. Phyllodia narrow.
Shrub, generally low, small, broad-linear ; phyllodia in-
equilateral, curved -pointed ; headlets of flowers solitary
or two together ; fruit very narrow, generally arched-
curved. A. line at a.
Phyllodia broadish ... ... 910
Victorian Plants. 189
910. Phyllodia twice or thrice as long as broad.
Shrub, seldom tall ; phyllodia small, oblique, from elliptic-
to obovate-cuneate, recurved- or lateral-pointed ; fruit
narrow, often almost spirally twisted ; arillar appendage
pale, extending unilaterally somewhat beyond the base
of the seed. A. acinacea.
Phyllodia not much longer than broad.
Shrub, generally small ; phyllodia very small, oblique, from
obovate-rhomboid to nearly orbicular, recurved-pointed ;
fruit narrow, often almost spirally twisted ; arillar ap-
pendage pale, extending unilaterally somewhat beyond
the base of the seed. A. obliqua.
911. Phyllodia with two venules on each side ... ... 912
Phyllodia with only one venule on each side ... 913
912. Phyllodia broad-linear, almost blunt.
Shrub, somewhat tall, sticky ; phyllodia rather short, some-
times verging into a narrow-elliptic and cuneate form,
glandular-dotted ; primary venules immersed, secondary
anastomosing ; headlets of flowers solitary or two to-
gether on short stalks ; fruit densely beset with inter-
woven hairlets, broad-linear, compressed, almost straight,
seldom constricted between the seeds ; arillar appendage
comparatively large, pale, closely twisted, much extend-
ing on one side of the seed. A. moiitana.
Phyllodia elongate-lanceolar, gradually pointed.
Shrubby or somewhat arborescent, sticky ; phyllodia rather
long, glandular-dotted, of thin texture, somewhat curved ;
headlets of flowers generally two together, on short stalks;
fruit nearly or quite glabrous, broad-linear, somewhat con-
vex, almost straight, often constricted between the seeds ;
arillar appendage pale, somewhat sigmoid-patellar, clasp-
ing only the base of the seed. A. vernicifLlia.
913. Phyllodia thin, almost porous from glandular dots.
Shrubby or arborescent ; phyllodia from elongate-lanceolar
to broad-linear, sticky ; headlets of flowers solitary or
oftener two or three together, their stalks very short,
densely beset with short hairlets; fruit broad-linear; arillar
appendage rather pale, somewhat sigmoid - patellular,
touching only the base of the seed. A. leprosa.
Phyllodia rather firm, without any glandular dots ... 914
190 Key to the System of
914. Secondary venules of phyllodia prominent, closely
striolate-reticularly connected.
Tall shrub, often producing offshoots ; branchlets very
angular ; phyllodia almost straight, from elongate-ellip-
tical to broad-linear, somewhat cuneate, without any
lustre ; calyx truncate or short-lobed ; headlets of flowers
solitary or oftener two, seldom several together, on very
short stalks ; fruit broad-linear, nearly straight, com-
pressed ; arillar appendage of seed rather pale, clasping
only the base of the seed. A. stricta.
Secondary venules of phyllodia very faint.
Shrub, rather small ; phyllodia from elliptic- to linear -
lanceolar, somewhat curved ; headlets of flowers solitary
or oftener two together, on very short stalks ; fruit gene-
rally small, very narrow, convex, curved ; arillar
appendage broadly obconioal, pale, touching only the
base of the seed. A. microcarpa.
915. Headlets consisting of few or even only two flowers.
Tall shrub ; phyllodia from broad- to narrow-lanceolar,
firm, their marginal and median-longitudinal venules
prominent ; racemes short ; flowers comparatively large ;
segments of the corolla generally four or sometimes only
three; fruit broad-linear, compressed, prominently mar-
gined ; seeds brownish, very shining ; arillar appendage
pale, supporting only the base of the seed.
A. myrtifolia.
Headlets consisting of several or many flowers .. 916
916. Phyllodia short, ovate or somewhat triangular ... 917
Phyllodia mostly elongated, linear or lanceolar or
obliquely elliptical ... ... ... ... ... 919
917. Racemes abbreviated or sometimes the headlets of
flowers solitary or two or three together.
Shrub, rather tall ; phyllodia firm, from broad- to lanceolar-
obovate, glabrous or beset with minute not rarely silky-
lustrous hairlets ; headlets of flowers never numerous ;
fruit from broad-linear to narrow-elliptical ; funicle very
short ; arillar appendage much attenuated, about half as
long as the seed. A. brachybotrya.
Eacemes elongated ... ... ... ... ... 918
Victorian Plants. 191
918. Phyllodia glabrous.
Shrubby or arborescent ; phyllodia small, very inequi-
lateral, from almost deltoid to nearly trapezoid, imper-
fectly traversed by two main-venules ; flowers in each
headlet never numerous ; fruit flat, narrow, nearly
straight, somewhat contracted between the seeds ; arillar
appendage small, pale, simply turgid. Figure 50.
A. pravissima.
Phyllodia beset with short hairlets.
Tall shrub ; phyllodia rather inequilateral, almost dimidiate,
mostly somewhat ovate-lanceolar, short-pointed, lined
by one main-venule ; stalks of the headlets beset with
short hairlets ; fruit comparatively broad, much com-
pressed, straight ; arillar appendage nearly as long as
the seed. A. vestita.
919. Racemes of unexpanded flower-headlets enclosed in
large petaloid scale-like bracts ; seeds transverse.
Shrub, rather tall ; branchlets prominently triangular ; phyl-
lodia straight, firm, from narrow- to elongate lanceolar,
their lateral venules concealed ; flowers pale-yellowish or
almost whitish, few in each headlet ; fruit from broad-
oval to elliptical, strongly compressed ; arillar appendage
brownish-black, supporting only the base of the seed.
A. suaveolens.
Racemes without any conspicuous bracts ; seeds longi-
tudinal ... ... ... 920
920. Racemes of headlets often considerably longer than
the phyllodia.
Shrub, rather tall ; phyllodia firm, greyish-green, obliquely
lanceolar- or elliptic -cuneate, inequilateral, short-pointed;
racemes generally longer than the phyllodia; flowers
usually few in each headlet ; fruit much compressed,
linear-elliptical, generally straight ; seeds close along the
anterior margin of the fruit ; arillar appendage somewhat
unilateral. A. luiiata.
Racemes of headlets often about as long as or shorter
than the phyllodia ... ... 921
921. Flowers rather few in each headlet.
Shrubby ; phyllodia narrow- or elongate-lanceolar, slightly
curved, provided at the upper edge and distant from the
base with one or two or rarely three prominent glandules ;
192 Key to the System of
flower-headlets small, in short racemes ; fruit elliptic- or
broad-linear, flat ; valves thin ; seeds almost completely
surrounded in a double line by the dark-brown funicle.
A. amoena.
Flowers many in each headlet ... ... 922
922. Funicle bright-red.
Shrubby or finally arboreous ; phyllodia of thick texture,
from narrow-elliptical to elongate- or lanceolar- linear,
dull-green, almost straight, blunt, their secondary venules
faint ; racemes short or sometimes reduced to two or
solitary flower-headlets ; fruit linear or narrow-elliptical,
generally constricted between the seeds, its valves hard ;
funicle tortuous, clasping only the lower portion of the
seed. A. salicina.
Funicle pale or less often brownish-black ... ... 923
923. Fruit broad.
Finally arboreous ; phyllodia firm, from elliptic- to elongate-
lanceolar, often curved, with an additional short main-
venule diverging from the base to a marginal supra-basal
gland ; secondary venules pennately spreading ; racemes
sometimes paniculated ; flower-stalks when young often
densely invested with very short yellow hairlets ; fruit
straight, broad, flat, elongate-elliptical ; funicle thick,
from brown to almost black, half or rarely fully surround-
ing the seed. A. peiiniiiervis.
Fruit narrow ... ... ... ... ... ... 924:
924. Funicle almost doubly surrounding the seed.
Finally arboreous, ever-flowering ; branchlets acutely angu-
lar ; phyllodia of rather thin texture, narrow- or linear -
lanceolar, gently curved, their secondary venules faint ;
racemes short, not rarely paniculated ; fruit elongate-
and broad -linear, almost straight, much compressed ;
funicle black -brownish. A. retinodes.
Funicle short 925
925. Phyllodia broad.
Tall-shrubby or arboreous ; branchlets almost cylindrical ;
phyllodia firm, from elliptic- to lanceolar-falcate or
Victorian Plants. 193
ocasionally some oblique -ovate, shining, their secondary
venules pinnately spreading ; rhachis of raceme robust ;
flower-headlets rather large; fruit elongated, broad-linear,
much compressed, usually of equal breadth throughout ;
arillar appendage attenuated, hardly half as long as the
seed. "Golden Wattle." A. pyciiantha.
Phyllodia narrow.
Tall shrub; branchlets hardly angular; phyllodia from
linear-spatular to narrowly elliptic-lanceolar, shining,
rigid, rounded-blunt at the apex, their secondary venules
concealed; racemes of headlets shorter than the phyllodia;
fruit elongated, somewhat curved, much constricted
between the seeds ; arillar appendage much shorter than
the seed. A. hakeoides.
926. Flower-heads usually solitary or in pairs ... ... 927
Flower-heads usually in short racemes ... ... 933
927. Phyllodia long and narrow, generally lined with three
primary venules ... ... ... ... ... 928
Phyllodia short, lined with more than three primary
venules ... ... ... 929
928. Phyllodia rigid, their longitudinal venules strong and
much emersed.
Tall shrub ; branchlets angular, beset with short hairlets ;
phyllodia straight, often blunt, from broad- to narrow-
linear; flower-headlets occasionally few in corymbs, their
stalks always in vested with hairlets; fruit linear, straight,
much compressed ; arillar appendage very short.
A. elongata.
Phyllodia flaccid, their longitudinal venules subtle and
quite immersed.
Finally arboreous, somewhat sticky ; branchlets slender ;
phyllodia from elongate-lanceolar to quite linear, acute,
dotted by glandular pores ; stalks of flower-headlets beset
with short hairlets ; fruit broad-linear, of equal width
throughout ; seeds shining, their arillar appendage pale,
short, but enlarged by the folded and twisted funicle.
A. subporosa.
194 Key to the System of
929. Longitudinal venules of the phyllodia immersed.
Shrub, from low to rather tall ; branchlets often beset with
a subtle almost mealy vestiture ; phyllodia rigid, broad-
linear, upwards still broader, minutely pointed, seldom
much elongated ; flower-headlets small, sometimes in a
corymb ; their stalks almost white-powdery invested
with minute interwoven hairlets ; fruit linear- cylindrical,
generally arched-curved, somewhat contracted between
the seeds ; arillar appendage rather pale, short, but
enlarged by the folded and twisted funicle,
A, fariuosa.
Longitudinal venules of the phyllodia much emersed 930
930. Longitudinal venules of the phyllodia thin and numerous.
Tall shrub ; phyllodia rigid, from broad linear to iiarrow-
lanceolar, usually somewhat curved, short-pointed ; flower-
headlets small, nearly sessile; fruit rather broad, glabrous,
much curved or even spirally twisted ; its valves hard ;
seeds shining ; funicle short ; arillar appendage orange-
colored, unilaterally extending to about half the length
of the seed. A. Osswaldi.
Venules of the phyllodia rather strong and few ... 931
931. Venules of the phyllodia scarcely anastomosing.
Shrub, rather low ; phyllodia rigid, often rather short, from
elliptic- to broad -linear, occasionally somewhat cuneate,
minutely pointed ; flower-headlets small, on short stalks ;
petals disconnected ; fruit linear-cylindrical ; its valves
somewhat streaked outside ; seeds shining ; arillar ap-
pendage pale-brownish, extending only around the base
of the seed. A. sclerophylla. •
Venules of the phyllodia somewhat anastomosing ... 932
932. Phyllodia quite blunt.
Shrub, rather dwarf ; branchlets angular, beset with minute
hairlets ; phyllodia rigid, almost elliptic-linear, but nar-
rowed downward, somewhat curved ; flower-headlets
small, on short stalks ; petals connected to about thp
middle ; fruit unknown. A. Wlianii.
Phyllodia sharp-pointed.
Shrub, rather tall ; branchlets angular, densely beset with
short hairlets ; phyllodia rather rigid, mostly narrow-
lanceolar ; headlets of flowers on very short stalks ;
Victorian Plants. 195
fruit rather long, comparatively narrow, flexuous, bi-
convex, beset with short hairlets ; seeds small, turgid ;
arillar appendage short, pale, thick.
A. lanigera.
933. Phyllodia with three longitudinal venules.
Shrub, finally tall ; phyllodia grey-green, rigid, straight,
often narrowly cuneate-elliptical ; primary venules very
prominent ; secondary venules thin, spreading ; flower -
headlets somewhat sticky, in very short racemes ; fruit
small, broadly linear-cylindrical, pointed ; arillar append-
age extending only around the lowest portion of the seed.
A. trineura.
Phyllodia with more than three longitudinal venules 934
934. Primary venules of the phyllodia extremely thin.
Finally arboreous ; phyllodia rather long, rigid, from linear- to
narrow-lanceolar, often somewhat curved, short-pointed,
generally greyish from almost imperceptible hairlets ;
racemes very short, sometimes reduced to two or solitary
headlets ; stalks of the latter short ; fruit narrow, gently
curved, somewhat constricted between the seeds ; funicle
replicated below the short pale arillar appendage.
A. homalophylla.
Primary venules of the phyllodia prominent ... ... 935
935. Phyllodia very long, but comparatively narrow.
Tall- arboreous ; phyllodia rigid, straight or slightly curved,
closely and almost equally streaked by longitudinal
venules; racemes short, seldom reduced to two or soli-
tary flower-headlets ; stalks of the latter rather long, beset
with appressed hairlets; fruit hard, often much elongated,
rather broad, constricted between the seeds, very tardily
dehiscent ; funicle slightly or hardly dilated into an
arillar appendage. A- steiiophylla.
Phyllodia rather broad, mostly curved- and elliptic-
or elongate-lanceolar ... ... ... ... 936
936. Funicle bright-red, doubly surrounding the seed.
Arboreous, occasionally very tall ; branchlets somewhat
angular; phyllodia sometimes narrow-lanceolar and almost
straight, without any lustre, their copious secondary
k venules reticular - connected ; racemes short, seldom
reduced to two or solitary flower-headlets; the latter pale-
yellow, their stalks rather short; fruit compressed,
arched-curved or tortuous, rather narrow. " Blackwood-
tree." A. Melanoxylon.
196 Key to the System of
Funicle pale, repeatedly twisted beneath the base of
the seed.
Arboreous, finally tall ; branchlets scarcely angular ; phyl-
lodia generally elongated- and narrow-lanceolar, also often
conspicuously curved, their secondary venules scantily
reticular-connected ; racemes of flower-headlets short,
sometimes compound ; stalks of flower-headlets rather
long and slender ; fruit arched- or cyclic-curved or
irregularly flexuous, rather narrow, bi-convex, slightly
constricted between the seeds. A. implexa.
937. Phyllodia short, narrow, pungent-pointed ... ... 938
Phyllodia elongated or broad, hardly pointed ... 939
938. Phyllodia mostly whorled and acicular-linear.
Shrubby or somewhat arborescent ; phyllodia spreading,
sessile, rarely from linear- to ovate-lanceolar, and then
lined by two or three venules ; calyx and corolla four-
lobed ; spikes densely cylindrical, seldom ovate ; fruit
broad-linear, compressed ; arillar appendage rather pale,
short, supporting only the base of the seed.
A. verticillata.
Phyllodia mostly scattered, from a roundish base
narrow-lanceolar.
Shrub, sometimes tall ; stipules short, pungent ; phyllodia
very spreading, sessile, lined by three or four venules ;
spikes densely cylindrical ; calyx and corolla four-lobed ;
fruit broad-linear, compressed ; arillar appendage pale,
short, supporting only the base of the seed.
A. Oxycedrus.
939. Primary venules of the phyllodia few, prominent . . . 940
Primary venules of the phyllodia numerous, thin ... 943
940. Phyllodia only twice as long as broad or still shorter.
Sub-alpine shrub, from low to rather tall ; branchlets acutely
bi-angular ; phyllodia very firm, inequilateral, from
cuneate- to orbicular-obovate ; primary venules two to
four ; secondary venules thin, reticular- joined ; spikes
very short, solitary or two or three together ; the in-
dividual flowers never numerous, but at a distance from
each other ; calyx and corolla generally four-lobed ; fruit
linear-cylindrical, arched-curved ; arillar appendage pale,
short, supporting only the base of the seed.
A. alpiua.
Victorian Plants. 197
Phyllodia usually several times or many times longer
than broad ... ... ... ... ... ... 941
941. Flowers crowded in the spikes.
Tall highland-shrub, finally arborescent ; phyllodia very
firm, elongate -lanceolar, somewhat curved ; primary
venules two to four ; secondary venules closely reticular-
joined ; spikes rather long, solitary or two together ;
calyx and corolla generally four-lobed ; fruit long, very
narrow, constricted between the seeds ; arillar appendage
pale, short, supporting only the base of the seed.
A. Dallachiana.
Flowers at a distance from each other in the spikes 942
942. Phyllodia elliptic -lanceolar, generally with several
prominent longitudinal venules.
Shrubby or arborescent, on the coast producing copiously
suckers ; branchlets very angular ; phyllodia firm, almost
straight ; two or three of the primary venules more
prominent ; secondary venules distantly reticular-joined ;
calyx and corolla generally four-lobed ; fruit linear-cylin
drical ; arillar appendage pale, short. A. longifolia.
Phyllodia broad-linear, generally with only one pro-
minent longitudinal venule.
Shrub, often tall ; branchlets angular ; phyllodia very long,
rather flaccid ; secondary venules almost obliterated ;
calyx and corolla generally four-lobed ; fruit almost
straight, linear-cylindrical ; arillar appendage pale, short.
A. liuearis.
943. Phyllodia straight 944
Phyllodia curved ... ... ... 945
944. Phyllodia from broad-linear to compressed-cylindrical.
Shrubby or finally somewhat arborescent ; phyllodia rigid,
greyish from appressed minute hairlets, subtle-streaked
from faint longitudinal venules ; flower-spikes rather
dense and short ; fruit quite flat, from oblique-ovate to
almost elliptical, its valves thin ; seeds placed oblique-
transversely, much shorter than the width of the pericarp ;
arillar appendage short, pointed, pale. " Mulga."
A. aneura.
198 Key to the System of
Phyllodia usually lanceolar.
Tall shrub ; phyllodia firm, narrow-lanceolar, the middle
venule prominent, the other longitudinal venules very
close and immersed ; spikes rather short, dense, solitary
or two together ; fruit unknown. A. subtilinervis.
945. Phyllodia lanceolar- or "broad-linear, much elongated,
the middle venule more prominent than the others.
Tall-shrubby or finally arboreous ; phyllodia rigid, nearly or
quite glabrous, closely streaked by thin longitudinal
venules ; spikes solitary or two or few together, dense ;
fruit linear-cylindrical, somewhat flexuous ; seeds small,
black, shining, ellipsoid ; arillar appendage short, pale,
touching only the base of the seed. A. Doratoxylon.
Phyllodia elongate- or narrow-lanceolar; three to five
of their numerous longitudinal venules more promi-
nent than the others.
Arboreous, finally tall ; phyllodia large, often closely in-
vested with minute greyish or at first yellowish hairlets ;
spikes solitary or two or few together ; calyx invested
with short hairlets ; fruit narrow, irregularly twisted or
somewhat coiled ; seeds small, ellipsoid, black, shining;
arillar appendage pale, clasping the lower portion of the
seed, somewhat lengthened downward.
A. glaucescens.
946. Headlets of flowers solitary.
Shrubby, seldom tall ; branchlets beset with soft hairlets ;
pinnae generally in two pairs ; leaflets two- to six-paired,
very small, from lanceolar- to obovate-elliptical, flat ;
headlets of flowers conspicuously stalked ; fruit broad-
or elliptic-linear, compressed ; arillar appendage pale,
pointed, about half as long as the seed. Figure 51.
A. Mitchell!.
Headlets of flowers in simple or oftener in paniculated
racemes .. ... .. ... ... ... 947
947. Pinnae usually in few pairs.
Tall-shrubby or arboreous; leaflets in several or many pairs,
rather small, somewhat rigid, from ovate- to elliptic-
lanceolar, much paler beneath ; flowers several in each
headlet ; fruit narrowly elongate-elliptical, flat ; arillar
appendage pale, pointed, about half as long as the seed.
A. discolor.
Pinnae usually in many pairs... ... ... ... 948
Victorian Plants. 199
948. Leaflets slightly distant, many times longer than broad.
Arboreous, sometimes tall, flowering later than A. dealbata
and earlier than A. mollissima ; decurrent angles from
the base of the leafstalks along the branchlets extremely
prominent ; foliage scantily beset with hairlets ; leaflets
cylindric-linear, blunt, forming numerous pairs in each
pinnule ; fruit strongly compressed, rather narrow, much
constricted between the seeds ; arillar appendage pale,
much shorter than the seed. " Sydney -Wattle."
A. decurreus.
Leaflets closely approximated, several times longer
than broad .. ... 949
949. Fruit rather narrow, much constricted between the
seeds.
Arboreous, sometimes very tall ; decurrent angles from the
leafstalks somewhat prominent; foliage at first yellowish,
soon greyish from subtle vestiture ; pinnules in several or
many pairs ; leaflets very short, linear, forming numerous
pairs in each pinnule; flower-headlets usually pale-yellow;
fruit ripening very tardily ; seeds shorter than those of
A. dealbata, also rounder and less compressed, their
arillar appendage also proportionately shorter. ' ' Black
Wattle." A. mollissima.
Fruit rather broadish, hardly constricted between the
seeds.
Arboreous, sometimes very tall ; decurrent angles from the
base of the leafstalks somewhat prominent; foliage at first
whitish, soon greyish from subtle vestiture ; pinnules in
several or many pairs ; leaflets very short, linear, forming
numerous pairs in each pinnule ; flower-headlets usually
bright-yellow ; fruit broad-linear ; arillar appendage pale,
much attenuated. (" Silver- Wattle.") A. dealbata.
CASSIA.
950. Leaflets recurved at the margin.
A shrub, rather tall ; branchlets angular ; leaflets in several
or many pairs, dark -green above, pale beneath, from linear -
lanceolar to oval-elliptical, a stalked glandule between
each or only the lowest pair ; umbels few-flowered ; petals
yellow; stamens ten; filaments very short; anthers almost
equal ; fruit broad-linear, flat ; pericarp thin ; seeds black,
shining, placed obliquely. O. Australia.
Leaflets incurved at the margin or flat or undeveloped
951
200 Key to the System of
951. Leaf-stalk and rhachis quite narrow ... ... ... 952
Leaf-stalk and rhachis dilated, their anterior edge
turned towards the branchlet ... ... 954
952. Leaflets flat.
Shrubby, rather tall ; leaflets usually in one to three pairs,
from broadly obovate to almost elliptical, dull-green on
both sides, soon glabrous ; glandules depressed, solitary
between each pair of leaflets; flowers in very short racemes
or corymbs ; petals yellow ; stamens ten ; lowest anthers
slightly larger ; fruit broadish, flat ; pericarp thin ; seeds
dark-brown, placed transversely. C. desolata.
Leaflets concave or quite channelled ... ... 953
953. Leaflets from lanceolar- to linear-elliptical, somewhat
concave.
Shrubby, rather tall ; leaflets dull-green on both sides,
usually in three to five pairs, often beset with very short
greyish hairlets ; glandule between the lowest leaflets
depressed ; flowers in very short racemes or corymbs ;
petals yellow ; fruit broadish, flat, rounded-blunt ;
pericarp thin ; seeds dark -brown, placed transversely.
C. Sturtii.
Leaflets cylindrical- or channelled-linear.
Shrubby, from rather dwarf to tall ; leaflets in few or several
pairs, densely beset with very short greyish or whitish
hairlets ; glandule between the lowest leaflets depressed ;
flowers in very short racemes or corymbs ; petals yellow ;
stamens ten, the two or three lowest longer than the
others ; fruit flat, rather broadish ; seeds dark-brown,
placed transversely. C. artemisioicles.
954. Leaflets developed.
Shrubby, rather tall ; leaf -stalk continuous with the dilated
rachis, placed somewhat vertically, the anterior edge
turned towards the branchlet ; leaflets in one or two pairs,
somewhat long, almost linear, channelled, scantily beset
with hairlets or almost glabrous ; glandule between the
lowest leaflets depressed; flowers in short racemes or
corymbs ; petals yellow ; the two or three lowest stamens
slightly longer ; fruit flat, rather narrow ; seeds dark-
brown, placed transversely. Figure 49.
C. eremophila.
Leaflets usually undeveloped.
Shrubby, rather tall ; leaf-stalks from elliptical-lanceolar to
broad -linear, narrowed downward, the anterior edge
Victorian Plants. 201
turned towards the branchlet, closely beset with very
short appressed often shining hairlets ; glandule absent
or inconspicuous ; flowers in very short racemes or
corymbs ; petals yellow ; fruit flat, rather broadish ;
seeds dark-brown, placed transversely.
C. phyllodinea.
JACK.SONIA.
955. Thornless.
A tall shrub, quite leafless ; branchlets angular ; flowers in
racemes, comparatively large ; calyx glabrous ; petals
yellow ; fruit on a short stipes, almost elliptical, com-
pressed. J. Clarkei.
GOXttPHOXiOBX TJM.
956. Erect.
Tall, glabrous ; leaflets ternate, elongated, from lanceolar-
to broad-linear, more narrowed downward, flat or some-
what recurved at the margin ; flowers large, solitary ;
stalklets longer than the flowers ; lower petals bearded
at the margin ; fruits almost ovate. G. latifolium.
Depressed ... ... ... ... ... ... 957
957. Lower petals short-bearded at the anterior margin.
Glabrous, or somewhat beset with hairlets ; leaflets ternate,
rather short, from elliptic-cuneate to linear, their margin
generally recurved ; flowers of moderate size, solitary or
two or three together ; stalklets longer than the flowers ;
fruit almost ovate. G. Huegelii.
Lower petals quite glabrous.
Leaflets ternate, rather short, from broad- to acicular-linear,
revolute at the margin ; flowers rather small, generally
two or three together ; stalklets shorter than the flowers ;
fruit short-exserted. G. minus.
958. Leaves very small, mostly in whorls of three.
Erect shrub, finally tall, much beset with minute appressed
hairlets ; leaves from broad- to lanceolar-ovate, slightly
pointed, recurved at the margin ; flowers small, mostly
terminal and few together, on very short stalklets ; upper
and lateral petals upwards yellow or orange-colored ;
lower petals black-purplish or red upwards ; fruit ovate,
depressed, small. Figure 45. M. oxylobioides.
202 Key to the System of
OXYX.OBXUBX.
959. Leaves indented or incised.
Erect, shrubby; leaves opposite, from deltoid-ovate to
rhomboid-lanceolar, with pungent lobes or denticulations,
flat, generally glabrous ; racemes rather elongated ; fruit
ellipsoid-cylindrical, attenuated into a conspicuous stalk-
like base. O. trilobatum.
Leaves entire ... ... ... ... ... ... 960
960. Prostrate, semi-herbaceous.
Sometimes ascendant, scarcely half -shrubby; leaves opposite
or in whorls of three, from ovate to lanceolar, pungent-
pointed, soon glabrous, almost flat; flowers few, in umbel-
• like racemes ; calyx scantily beset with hairlets ; fruit
almost sessile, rather blunt. O. procumbens.
Erect or diffuse, shrubby ... ... ... ... 961
961. Leaves soon glabrous.
Erect or diffuse ; leaves opposite or in whorls of three, from
elliptical to lanceolar, sharp -pointed, recurved at the
margin ; stipules conspicuous, pointed ; flowers few, in
umbel-like racemes; calyx beset with short hairlets; fruit
almost sessile, acute. O. alpestre.
Leaves beset underneath with often appressed and
shining hairlets.
Erect or seldom diffuse ; leaves in whorls of three, from oval-
to narrow-elliptical, recurved at the margin ; stipules
inconspicuous ; flowers several, in short racemes ; calyx
densely beset with soft hairlets outside ; fruit pointed,
almost sessile, glabrous. O. elliptic um.
SPHAEROXiOBIUXK.
962. Tube of the calyx about as long as the upper lobes.
Never tall, always glabrous, almost leafless or the leaves
scanty small and narrow ; branches slender, cylindrical ;
flowers small, in irregular almost spike-like racemes ;
calyx soon dark-colored ; fruit small. S. vimiiieum.
VXJKXNARIA.
963. Flowers in spike-like racemes.
Glabrous ; branchlets weak ; leaves seldom developed, but
when present consisting of one to three rather large leaf-
lets, these from oval- to elliptic-lanceolar in form; racemes
generally elongated ; bracts minute. V. denudata.
Victorian Plants. 203
DAVIESIA.
964. Leaves flat ... 965
Leaves cylindrical ... ... ... ... ... 969
965. Leaves vertical, broadly decurrent.
A rather small glabrous shrub ; leaves rigid, almost semi-
lanceolar, pungent, very spreading, adnate with broad
base, thickened along the upper margin, often curved ;
flowers in corymbous clusters or sometimes only two
together or solitary ; fruit much compressed, almost
dimidiately rhomboid-cordate. D. pectiiiata.
Leaves horizontal, simply sessile ' ... ... ... 966
966. Leaves usually very broad.
A tall glabrous shrub, pervaded by a bitter principle; leaves
usually very large, shining, from almost broad-lanceolar
to ovate-orbicular or sometimes smaller and roundish-
cordate ; the secondary venules largely reticular-promi-
nent ; flowers often in elongated racemes ; fruit much
compressed, almost dimidiate-cordate. D. latifolia.
Leaves usually narrow ... ... ... ... 967
967. Leaves always exceedingly elongated, without any
lustre.
Tall, glabrous shrub ; branchlets acutely triangular ; leaves
rigid, straight, broad-linear, gradually attenuated into
the sessile base and the apex, their primary venule very
prominent, their secondary venules concealed ; umbels
few- flowered, conspicuously stalked, solitary or two or
three together ; stalklets longer than the calyx ; upper
lobes of the calyx disconnected ; fruit much compressed.
D. Wyattiaua,
Leaves very short or somewhat elongated, shining ... 968
968. Leaves usually many times longer than broad, slightly
pointed.
A glabrous shrub, from somewhat dwarf to tall ; leaves
usually rather long, sometimes much elongated, from
broad-linear to narrow-lanceolar, rigid, the secondary
venules somewhat prominent ; flowers generally several
in each axillary corymb ; calyx minutely lobed ; fruit
much compressed. D. coryinbosa.
204 Key to the System of
Leaves usually several times longer than broad,
pungent-pointed.
A rather small somewhat spinescent shrub ; branchlets not
rarely beset with hairlets ; leaves usually quite short,
from often linear to lanceolar-ovate and even rhomboid-
orbicular, horizontally somewhat spreading, their margin
prominent and sometimes slightly recurved ; flowers
axillary, solitary or two or few together, their stalks and
stalklets usually very short ; calyx conspicuously lobed ;
fruit much compressed, sharply pointed. D. ulicina.
969. Leaves articulated on the branchlets.
A small glabrous shrub ; leaves short, straight, acicular-
cylindrical or occasionally somewhat vertical-compressed ;
flowers axillary, few or several together, somewhat
racemous, on very short stalklets ; calyx much narrowed
at the base, minutely lobed; fruit considerably compressed.
D. genistifolia.
Leaves continuous with the branchlets.
A small spinescent glabrous shrub ; branchlets somewhat
flexuous, slightly streaked ; leaves phyllodinous, short,
conic-cylindrical, thornlike-pungent, usually somewhat
recurved, without any articulation emanating from the
branchlets ; flowers axillary, few or sometimes only two
together, seldom solitary, always on very short stalks and
stalklets ; petals usually reddish ; fruit rather large, very
turgid, its blunt lateral angle nearly as high as the pointed
terminal angle. D. brevifolia.
EUTAXXA.
970. Fruit turgid, attenuated into a stalk-like base.
A small almost glabrous shrub, occasionally quite dwarf,
sometimes spinescent ; leaves small, from oval to linear,
somewhat concave ; flowers small, axillary, on short stalk-
lets ; bracteoles linear, somewhat removed from the calyx ;
fruit beset with hairlets. 33. empetrifolia.
PULTENAEA.
971. Petals all pink.
Shrubby, from dwarf to rather tall ; leaves rigid, linear-
cylindrical, channelled above, somewhat granular-rough ;
flowers in terminal headlets ; bracteoles inserted at the
base of the calyx, short, linear-lanceolar ; calyx outside
Victorian Plants.
invested with appressed shining hairlets, its lobes rather
acute; fruit oblique-ovate, pointed, somewhat turgid,
beset with hairlets. Figure 46. P. rosea.
Petals yellowish or partly brownish- or dark-reddish 972
972. Flowers axillary-scattered or crowded into almost
terminal but leafy clusters (Exception : some forms of
P. canaliculata)... ... ... .. ... ... 973
Flowers terminal, in leafless headlets, or when solitary
surrounded by numerous bracts ... 986
973. Leaves ternately whorled ... ... ... ... 974
Leaves scattered, rarely some opposite or ternate ... 975
974. Leaves very small.
An alpine plant, prostrate, somewhat beset with shining
appressed hairlets ; leaves elliptic -linear and rather
cuneate, incurved at the margin ; flower-stalklets gene-
rally longer than the leaves ; bracteoles inserted at the
base of the calyx ; upper lobes of the calyx much broader
than the lower ; fruit much compressed, almost orbicular,
sessile within the calyx. P. teuella.
Leaves rather large.
An erect shrub, hardly tall ; leaves generally greyish-green
and glabrous, flat, from rhomboid-cuneate or almost fan-
shaped to nearly cordate or orbicular or ovate, almost
pungently pointed ; flowers comparatively large, on con-
spicuous stalklets, often ternate-axillary at the whorls ;
bracteoles inserted at the base of the calyx, very narrow,
acutely pointed ; upper lobes of the calyx much broader
than the lower ; fruit turgid, oblique-ovate, acute,
glabrous, sessile within the calyx ; seeds black, without
any lustre. P. temata.
975. Leaves incurved at the margin ... ... ... 976
Leaves recurved at the margin ... ... ... 985
976. Erect or diffuse 977
Prostrate 984
977. Leaves pungently pointed ... ... ... ... 978
Leaves blunt or slightly pointed ... ... ... 979
206 Key to the System of
978. Bracteoles acicular-linear, inserted above the base of
the calyx.
A rather dwarf shrub ; leaves sessile, from almost ovate- to
broad-lanceolar, sometimes ternately whorled, generally
beset with soft hairlets, the upper end often somewhat
recurved; flowers on short stalklets; bracts very numerous
and acute ; upper lobes of the calyx much broader than
the lower; fruit turgid, oblique-ovate, scantily beset with
hairlets. P. styphelioides.
Bracteoles lanceolar, inserted below the base of the
calyx.
A shrub, finally tall ; leaves spreading, rigid, short-stalked,
mostly straight, from aciculate-linear to narrow-lanceolar
or sometimes ovate or cordate towards the base, concave
above, darker green beneath, often glabrous; flowers either
few together in leafy terminal headlets or some axillary
near the summit of branchlets ; fruit ovate, acute, some-
what compressed, beset with hairlets ; seeds dark-brown.
P. juniperina.
979. Bracteoles inserted below the base of the calyx.
A diffuse shrub ; branchlets invested with soft hairlets ;
leaves very small, rigid, from orbicular- to elliptic-
obovate, somewhat concave, slightly arched, soon glabrous,
shining above, their secondary venules pmnately prominent
beneath ; stipules broad, the upper overlapping, pale-
brownish, fringed; flowers axillary, solitary, but crowded
into almost terminal leafy clusters ; bracteoles mem-
branous, inserted close under the calyx, broad, pale ;
calyx membranous, its lobes almost equal and much
pointed ; fruit oblique-ovate, turgid, somewhat beset with
hairlets, sessile within the calyx. P. densifolia.
Bracteoles inserted above the base of the calyx ... 980
980. Flowers distinctly stalked.
A rather tall shrub, much beset with soft hairlets ; leaves
rather small, from obovate- to cuneate- or linear-elliptical,
apt to turn brownish underneath, concave and glabrous
above ; flowers axillary and solitary, but also occasionally
forming short leafy racemes ; bracteoles quite narrow,
greenish ; lobes of the calyx pointed, hardly longer than
the tube ; petals all equally yellow ; fruit short, oblique-
ovate, sessile within the calyx. P. villosa.
Flowers almost sessile ... ... ... ... 931
Victorian Plants. 207
981. Flowers in leafless clusters, but only few in each.
A spreading shrub, much invested with silvery shining
appressed hairlets ; leaves rather small, firm, from almost
obcordate- to linear-cuneate, usually glabrous above ;
flower-clusters axillary and terminal ; bracteoles inserted
far above the base of the calyx; lobes of the calyx hardly
as long as the tube, the two upper broadest ; fruit
oblique-ovate, acute, somewhat compressed.
F. largiflorens.
Flowers in leafy clusters or singly scattered... ... 982
982. United upper lobes of the calyx much longer than
the lower.
Half-shrub, usually dwarf, much beset with spreading soft
hairlets ; leaves rather small, from linear- to lanceolar-
elliptical, concave above, darker green underneath; flowers
singly axillary, but crowded into leafy spikes ; bracteoles
narrow, inserted near the base of the calyx ; lobes of the
calyx pointed ; fruit scantily beset with hairlets.
P. humilis.
United upper lobes of the calyx hardly longer than
the lower ... 983
983. Lobes of the calyx much pointed and longer than the
tube.
A rather small shrub, much beset with greyish appressed
hairlets ; leaves quite small, from obovate- to linear-
cuneate, exceptionally linear- cylindrical, darker green
underneath, always concave above, soon glabrous ; flowers
small, few in the upper axils ; bracteoles very narrow,
inserted somewhat above the base of the calyx ; fruit
beset with hairlets. P, parviflora.
Lobes of the calyx scarcely pointed and about as
long as the tube.
A rather dwarf shrub, much invested with soft brownish
hairlets ; leaves minute, from ovate to elliptical, concave
above, darker green underneath, their upper end recurved;
flowers solitary in the upper axils ; bracteoles small,
greenish, inserted above the base of the calyx ; lobes of
the calyx broadish ; fruit turgid, blunt, very small.
P. foliolosa.
208 Key to the System of
984. Leaves and bracteoles very acute.
An alpine plant, much invested with appressed and almost
silver-shining hairlets ; leaves small, linear-cylindrical,
channelled, pointed ; flowers solitary, axillary, almost
sessile ; bracteoles small, as well as the calyx- lobes long-
pointed, inserted at the base of the calyx ; fruit oblique-
ovate, much compressed, acute, about as long as the
calyx. P. fasciculata.
Leaves and bracteoles almost obtuse.
A small half -shrub, chiefly maritime, beset with short hair-
lets ; leaves small, usually linear-cylindrical, channelled ;
flowers comparatively small, mostly scattered, often
singly terminal, sessile, surpassed by the surrounding
leaves ; bracts exceeding the calyx ; bracteoles almost
elliptical, inserted below the calyx ; calyx-lobes nearly
equal, much pointed ; fruit small, oblique -ovate.
F. teiuiifolia.
985. Flowers on much elongated stalklets.
Prostrate, somewhat beset with short hairlets ; leaves small,
spreading, from linear- to elliptic-lanceolar ; stalklets
solitary, almost capillary ; bracteoles linear, inserted at
the base of the calyx ; lobes of the calyx all acute ; fruit
turgid. P. pedunculata.
Flowers sessile.
An erect shrub, much beset with short hairlets ; leaves
from ovate- to cuneate-obcordate, shortly bilobed or
truncate ; flowers mostly terminal in small headlets ;
bracteoles linear-lanceolar, inserted on the tube of the
calyx, above its base ; fruit beset with hairlets ; arillar
appendage of the seeds slightly fringed. P. scabra.
986. Leaves flat or recurved at the margin ... ... 987
Leaves incurved at the margin 993
987. Leaves nearly or quite flat ... ... ... ... 988
Leaves recurved at the margin ... ... ... 990
988. Leaves always glabrous on both sides.
An erect shrub, never tall; leaves rather small, rigid,
linear-cuneate, usually notched at the summit, never
pointed ; headlets small, with few flowers in each ;
bracteoles very narrow, inserted on the tube of the
Victorian Plants. 209
calyx above its base ; calyx invested with appressed
shining hairlets, its tube longer than the lobes ; fruit
rhomboid-ovate, considerably compressed, beset with
hairlets. P. retusa.
Leaves mostly invested underneath with appressed
shining hairlets ... ... 989
989. Flowers in large headlets.
A robust shrub, finally tall ; leaves comparatively large,
rigid, from elliptic-cuneate to obcordate, somewhat
pointed, in age not rarely quite glabrous ; bracteoles
inserted far above the base of the calyx, very narrow ;
calyx invested outside with silver-shining hairlets, its
lobes shorter than the tube ; lower petals upwards dark-
colored ; fruit oblique-ovate, much compressed, well
pointed. P. daphnoides.
Flowers in small headlets.
An imperfectly shrubby plant, usually erect and slender ;
leaves comparatively small, from elliptic- to cuneate-
obovate, slightly pointed, sometimes totally glabrous in
age ; bracteoles inserted much above the base of the
calyx -tube ; calyx outside invested with shining short
hairlets, its lobes pointed, shorter than the tube ; lower
petals dark -purplish upwards ; fruit rhomboid-ovate,
beset with appressed hairlets. P. stricta.
990. Leaves blunt.
A rather robust shrub, from low to somewhat tall ; leaves
small but firm, from elliptic- to broad-ovate or sometimes
linear-elliptical, always convex, usually beset with minute
greyish hairlets underneath ; flowers in generally small
headlets ; bracteoles very short, inserted on the tube of
the calyx above its base ; calyx invested with short hair-
lets, its lobes rather equal, about as long as the tube ;
lower petals dark -purplish upwards ; fruit oblique -ovate,
pointed, much compressed. P. Gunnii.
Leaves pointed ... ... ... 991
991. Branchlets largely enveloped by the much elongated
pale stipules.
An imperfectly shrubby plant, flowering already at some
inches height ; leaves from lanceolar- to broad -linear, at
the margin revolute, glabrous above ; stipules appressed,
membranous ; flowers in small terminal headlets ; bracts
210 Key to the System of
concealing the calyces ; bracteoles long, narrow-lanceolar
and somewhat navicular, inserted on the calyx-tube above
its base ; calyx invested outside with appressed silver-
shining hairlets, its lobes about as long as the tube ; fruit
much compressed, pointed, densely beset with silky-
shining hairlets. P. paleacea.
Branchlets slightly enveloped by the brownish stipules 992
992. Leaves rather flaccid.
A rather low shrub, much beset with scattered spreading
soft hairlets ; leaves of thin texture, from ovate- to
elliptic-lanceolar, often almost flat, terminating in a
bristlet ; stipules high - connected, capillary pointed ;
flowers in dense headlets, each provided with a short
stalklet ; bracteoles very narrow, inserted above the base
of the calyx ; lobes of the calyx thinly pointed ; fruit
very acute. P. mucronata.
Leaves quite rigid.
A robust shrub ; leaves very firm, from linear- to lanceolar-
elliptical, often sharp-pointed, mostly invested underneath
with appressed silver-shining hairlets; flowers rather large, -
few in each headlet ; bracteoles navicular-lanceolar, in-
serted on the tube of the calyx; lobes of the calyx consider-
ably shorter than the tube ; the whole calyx outside
invested with silver-shining hairlets as well as the outside
of the ovulary ; seeds almost black, oblique-ellipsoid,
shining, smooth ; arillar appendage pale, lobular-crisped.
P. Benthami.
993. Flowers solitary, but terminal ... ... ... 994
Flowers in clusters or spikes ... ... ... ... 995
994. Erect.
A rather tall shrub, mainly sub-alpine, somewhat beset
with shining hairlets ; leaves rather small, from lanceolar
to linear, channelled, almost pungently pointed, often
lined with three prominent venules, glabrous above ;
stipules rather elongated ; each flower surrounded by
bracts ; bracteoles ovate-elliptical, nearly as long as the
calyx and inserted below its base ; lobes of the calyx
pointed ; fruit oblique-ovate, somewhat turgid.
P. Muelleri.
Prostrate.
Much beset with silver-shining short hairlets ; leaves linear-
cylindrical, blunt, quite small, channelled ; stipules very
Victorian Plants. 211
small ; each flower surrounded by bracts ; bracteoles
ovate-elliptical, inserted near the base of the calyx ;
lobes of the calyx shorter than the tube, the whole calyx
invested outside with silky-shining hairlets ; fruit oblique-
ovate, blunt. P. prostrata.
995. Stalklets about as long as the calyx.
Prostrate, somewhat beset with appressed shining hairlets ;
leaves small, linear, blunt, channelled above ; flowers in
terminal leafy clusters ; bracteoles linear-lanceolar, in-
serted at the base of the calyx ; lobes of the calyx very
acute ; lower petals deeply colored ; fruit beset with
hairlets. P. laxiflora.
Stalklets shorter than the calyx 996
996. Almost entirely glabrous.
Tall-shrubby or somewhat arborescent ; leaves rather small,
from elliptic- to almost cuneate-linear, blunt or slightly
pointed, concave ;' flowers small, either in terminal almost
leafless corymbs or dispersed in the upper axils ; bracts
minute ; bracteoles small, lanceolar-ovate, at the base of
the calyx ; lobes of the calyx hardly or slightly pointed ;
fruit nearly glabrous, oblique-ovate, rather turgid, short-
pointed. (P. altissima.) P. flexilis.
Much beset with hairlets ... ... ... ... 997
997. Flowers few, rather large, either loosely placed into
headlets or scattered, generally surpassed by the
floral leaves ... ... ... ... ... 998
Flowers many, usually small, crowded into headlets,
generally surpassing the floral leaves ... ... 1001
998. Flowers in leafy spikes or headlets.
A low imperfectly shrubby plant, quite densely beset with
minute hairlets ; leaves broadish- or linear-cylindrical,
blunt, channelled, their surface often closed by the in-
curved margin ; bracts none ; bracteoles almost as long as
the calyx and inserted below its base, extremely narrow ;
calyx membranous, pale, its lobes much pointed, hardly
longer than the tube ; lower petals dark-colored ; fruit
oblique -elliptical, acute, shorter than the calyx ; seeds
somewhat shining. P. canaliculata.
Flowers in terminal leafless headlets ... ... 999
212 Key to the System of
999. Bracteoles fixed above the base of the calyx.
Erect, rather tall, beset with soft spreading hairlets ; leaves
linear- cylindrical, scarcely pointed, their surface often
closed by the incurved margin ; flowers without any
stalklets; bracteoles narrow, keeled; calyx-lobes broadish,
nearly equal, hardly as long as the tube ; ovulary outside
beset with hairlets. P. mollis.
Bracteoles fixed below the base of the calyx ... 1000
1000. Surface of the leaves closed by the incurved margin.
A small diffuse shrub, much beset with soft hairlets ; leaves
linear-cylindrical ; flowers on short stalklets ; bracteoles
fully as long as the calyx, linear-lanceolar ; calyx mem-
branous, scantily beset with hairlets, its lobes pointed ;
fruit oblique - elliptical, short -pointed, somewhat com-
pressed, bearing scattered hairlets. P. hibbertioides.
Surface of the leaves open.
A rather tall shrub, much beset with soft hairlets ; leaves
linear, concave, rather acute ; stipules recurved ; flowers
on very short stalklets ; bracteoles comparatively large,
almost lanceolar ; calyx beset with rather long hairlets,
its lobes about as long as the tube ; fruit oblique-ovate,
pointed. P. viscosa.
1001. Stipules distinctly present.
A slender imperfectly shrubby plant ; leaves comparatively
short, glabrous, from broadish- to elliptic- and cylindric-
linear, always concave, rather acute ; stipules very short ;
flowers quite small, in dense terminal headlets ; bracts
broadish, overlapping ; bracteoles about as long as the
calyx, inserted above its base, often bifid and with a
bristlet between the lobes, sometimes at the summit
additionally denticulated or lobulated ; calyx beset with
very short appressed shining hairlets ; fruit oblique-
ovate, pointed, somewhat compressed, invested with
appressed hairlets ; seeds dark -brown. P. dent at a.
Stipules almost absent.
A rather low imperfectly shrubby plant ; leaves small, from
linear- to narrow-elliptical, rather blunt, usually glabrous,
concave above or sometimes flat, darker green beneath,
without any prominent carinular venule ; stipules tri-
angular, very minute or obliterated ; flowers often some-
what fascicular-umbellate in the headlets ; bracteoles
inserted below the calyx ; calyx beset with soft hairlets,
its lobes shorter than the tube ; upper petal only
moderately dilated ; fruit ovate-globular, beset with
hairlets. P. subumbellata.
Victorian Plants. 213
FHlTXiXiOTA.
1002. Flowers singly sessile within tufts of terminal leaves.
A small shrub, much beset with soft hairlets ; leaves small,
recurved-spreading, linear, generally pointed, refracted
at the margin ; flowers shorter than the leaves ; bracteoles
ovate, shorter than the tube of the calyx ; the latter
invested with shining appressed hairlets outside ; fruit
ovate, slightly compressed, enclosed.
F. pleurandroides.
DXZiZiWVNZA.
1003. Calyx gradually attenuated at the base ... ... 1004
Calyx bluntish at the base ... 1006
1004. Lower petals pointed, nearly as long as the lateral
petals.
A small shrub, much beset with short spreading hairlets ;
leaves short, spreading, linear-cylindrical, almost blunt ;
corymbs long-stalked ; upper lobes of calyx much dis-
connected ; petals orange -colored and reddish, early
deciduous, the lamina of the upper petal much broader
than long ; fruit almost globular. D. hispida.
Lower petals blunt, shorter than the lateral petals... 1005
1005. Flowers mostly terminal.
A thin-branched shrub, seldom tall ; leaves small, slender,
linear-cylindrical, blunt or slightly pointed, with a furrow
along the upper side ; flowers in usually sessile corymbs
or clusters ; upper lobes of calyx much disconnected ;
petals early deciduous ; the lamina of the upper petal
much broader than long ; fruit globular-ovate.
D. ericifolia.
Flowers mostly axillary.
A thin-branched shrub, often rather tall ; leaves small,
linear-cylindrical, blunt or slightly pointed, with a
furrow along the upper side ; flowers solitary or two or
three together, sometimes forming leafy racemes ; upper
lobes of calyx much disconnected; petals early deciduous;
the lamina of the upper petal much broader than long ;
fruit almost enclosed. D. floribunda.
1006. Leaves pungent.
A thin-branched shrub, seldom tall ; leaves rigid, acicular-
linear, keeled ; flowers mostly terminal, in almost sessile
corymbs ; upper lobes of calyx much connected ; petals
long persistent ; lamina of the upper petal somewhat
broader than long. D. juniperina.
214 Key to tie System of
Leaves almost blunt ... ... 1007
1007. Flowers several in the corymbs.
A slender shrub, never tall ; leaves rather short, thinly
linear-cylindrical, blunt or hardly pointed ; flowers small,
mostly terminal, crowded into leafy capitular sessile
corymbs ; upper lobes of calyx much connected ; petals
long persistent ; lamina of the upper petals somewhat
broader than long ; fruit almost ovate, partly exserted.
D. ciuerasceus.
Flowers few in the corymbs or some solitary.
A small, diffuse shrub ; leaves much spreading or deflexed,.
very short, linear-cylindrical, somewhat channelled, hardly
pointed; flowers mostly terminal, few or several together;
upper lobes of calyx much connected ; petals long per-
sistent ; fruit ovate-globular, with a short stalk-like base.
D. patula.
AOTUS.
1008. Leaves from narrow-lanceolar to linear, almost blunt
or slightly pointed.
A shrub, from rather dwarf to somewhat tall, much beset
with short hairlets ; leaves from quinary to ternately
whorled or two together or oftener scattered, repressed
at the margin ; flowers axillary, either solitary or two
or three together, frequently forming spike-like leafy
racemes ; lobes of the calyx about as long as the tube ;
fruit quite small, globular-ovate, somewhat turgid, much
exserted, its base stalk-like. A. villosa.
HOVEA.
1009. Prostrate or ascendant.
Semi-herbaceous ; lower leaves almost ovate, upper from
lanceolar to broad-linear, slightly beset with hairlets
underneath, generally somewhat recurved at the margin ;
fruit from almost transversely oval to oblique-roundish,
nearly glabrous, devoid of any stalk-like base.
H. heterophylla.
Quite erect.
Tall-shrubby ; leaves very firm, from narrow-elliptical or
lanceolar to broad-linear, often closely invested with
short brown hairlets underneath, flat or recurved at the
margin ; fruit obliquely or transversely roundish-ovate,
quite densely beset with very short brownish hairlets,
devoid of any stalk-like base. H. longifolia.
Victorian Plants. 215
1010. Dwarf, leafy.
Glabrous ; leaves distant, very firm, from narrow-elliptical
to linear, flat or somewhat channelled ; flowers small ;
petals yellowish ; fruit elongate-elliptical, conspicuously
stipitate, slightly turgid, generally few-seeded.
T. Muelleri.
Tall, leafless 1011
1011. Branchlets thinly cylindrical.
Glabrous ; branchlets hardly spreading, furrowed ; flowers
very small, approximated almost into spike-like racemes ;
petals yellowish ; fruit oblique- elliptical, somewhat bi-
convex, without any stalk-like base, generally one-seeded.
T, egena.
Branchlets broadly flattened.
Glabrous ; branchlets much spreading ; flowers very small,
scattered ; petals yellowish ; fruit oblique-obovate, some-
what biconvex, without any stalk-like base ; one- or two-
seeded. T. sulcata.
BOSSIAEA.
1012. Prostrate or diffuse ... ... 1013
Erect 1015
1013. Leaves opposite.
Somewhat trailing or straggling ; branchlets very slender ;
leaves small, cordate, spurious-pinnately arranged ; flowers
on long almost capillary stalklets; fruit obliquely lanceolar-
elliptical, with a conspicuous stalk-like base.
B. cordigera.
Leaves alternate ... ... ... , ... ... 1014
1014. United upper lobes of the calyx hardly longer than
the lower.
Prostrate or somewhat ascending, never much elongated nor
spinescent; leaves from orbicular- to elliptic-ovate; flowers
on rather long stalklets ; bracteoles disconnected ; fruit
elongate- elliptical, almost without any stalk-like base.
B. prostrata.
216 Key to the System of
United upper lobes of the calyx much longer than the
lower.
Slightly spinescent ; branchlets rather elongated ; leaves
quite small, from almost cordate to ovate, oblique; flowers
on long stalklets ; bracteoles connate ; fruit elongate-
elliptical, almost without any stalk-like base.
B. buxifolia.
1015. Branchlets leafy ... 1016
Branchlets leafless ... ... ... ... ... 1019
1016. Leaves from orbicular to almost renate.
Tall ; branchlets robust ; leaves very small, rigid, alter-
nating, but crowded, convex, at the margin recurved ;
flowers on short stalklets ; fruit roundish, much com-
pressed, almost without any stalk-like base, densely
invested with short brown hairlets. B. foliosa.
Leaves from linear-lanceolar to cordate or from
elliptic to obovate or obcordate ... ... ... 1017
1017. Leaves from obcordate to obovate.
Rather tall, much spinescent ; leaves quite small, rigid ;
flowers on short stalklets ; fruit small, glabrous, some-
what elliptical, with a stalk-like base.
B. microphylla.
Leaves from linear-lanceolar to ovate or almost
cordate ... 1018
1018. Branchlets nearly cylindrical.
From rather dwarf to tall ; leaves from cordate- to linear-
lanceolar, much pointed, at the margin recurved ; flowers
on rather conspicuous stalklets ; fruit lanceolar-elliptical,
with a short stalk-like base. B. cinerea.
Branchlets much compressed.
Rather dwarf ; leaves usually distant and few, always
alternating, the lower generally ovate, the upper narrower,
but often longer; flowers on short stalklets; fruit elongate-
elliptical, with a long stalk-like base, at the margin
thickened. B. heteropliylla.
Victorian Plants. 217
1019. All the lobes of the calyx nearly equal.
Alpine ; glabrous ; branchlets very broadly flattened, with
conspicuous and distant indentations ; flowers almost
sessile ; calyx supported by crowded bracts ; fruit with
a stalk-like base. B. bracteosa.
The two upper lobes of the calyx much broader than
the lower , 1020
1020. Fruit rather narrow, thinly margined, with a long
stalk-like base.
Glabrous; branchlets rather broadly flattened, with slight
and distant indentations ; stalklets exceeding the bracts ;
lower petals almost as long as the upper one ; fruit almost
broad-linear. B. riparia.
Fruit rather broad, thickly margined, with a short
stalk-like base.
Glabrous ; branchlets broadly flattened ; lower petals con-
siderably shorter than the upper one ; stalklets exceeding
the bracts ; fruit linear-elliptical. B. eusata.
PZ.AT1TZ.OBZVBZ.
1021. Leaves scattered.
Rather dwarf ; leaves from cordate to almost orbicular,
pointed ; stalklets concealed by bracts ; fruit with
scarcely any stalk-like base. P. alternifolium.
Leaves opposite ... ... ... ... ... 1022
1022. Stalklets concealed by bracts.
Rather dwarf ; leaves from often deltoid to sometimes
cordate-ovate, pointed ; fruit less than twice as long as
the calyx, with scarcely any stalk-like base.
P. obtusangulum.
Stalklets much exceeding the bracts 1023
1023. Leaves deltoid.
Rather dwarf ; fruit several times longer than the calyx,
with a short stalk-like base. P. trianglllare,
Leaves from cordate- to ovate-lanceolar.
Rather tall ; fruit nearly three times as long as the calyx,
with a long stalk-like base. P. f ormosum.
218 Key to the System of
GOODZA.
1024. Leaflets generally cuneate-ovate.
Usually tall ; racemes often with many flowers ; lower lobes
of the calyx semilanceolar, as long as the tube ; fruit
about three times as long as broad, gradually narrowed
at the base. G. lotifolia.
Leaflets generally obcordate-ovate.
Usually tall ; racemes with few or several flowers ; lower
lobes of the calyx almost deltoid, shorter than the tube ;
fruit hardly twice as long as broad, suddenly narrowed at
the base. G. medicaginea.
ZORXIA.
1025. Leaflets two.
Leaflets from almost ovate- to lanceolate-linear, glandular-
dotted ; stipules broadish, affixed above the base ; flowers
in spikes, much concealed by the large stipule-like
bracteoles ; petals yellowish ; fruit few- jointed ; seeds
without any appendage. Z. dipliylla.
1026. Fruit-bearing stalklets hardly as long as the calyx,
bent downward.
Comparatively robust ; leaflets three together or the lowest
solitary, from orbicular- ovate to nearly elliptical, mostly
rather long, strongly venuled ; flowers small, two to each
bract, forming interrupted spike-like racemes ; fruit beset
with clinging hairlets, few-jointed. D. brachypodum.
Fruit-bearing stalklets much longer than the calyx,
spreading.
Comparatively slender, often depressed ; leaflets three
together, from obcordate- to narrowly lanceolar-elliptical,
mostly rather short, thinly venuled ; flowers very small,
on almost capillary soon elongated stalklets, forming
short racemes ; petals reddish ; fruit beset with very
short clinging hooked hairlets, few-jointed.
D. varians.
LESFEDEZA.
1027. Lower petals blunt, slightly incurved.
Very slender, much beset with appressed shining hairlets ;
leaf-stalks quite short ; leaflets rather small, from elliptic-
to linear-cuneate, nearly always three together ; flowers
small, from two to four in each axil, some of the lower
without petals ; bracteoles minute ; petals pale or some-
what purplish or pink ; fruit very small, ovate- orbicular.
L. cuneata.
Victorian Plants. 219
PSORALEA.
1028. Leaflets five to seven.
Depressed, glabrous or somewhat beset with minute
hairlets ; leaflets entire, from elliptic- to linear-lanceolar ;
racemes rather long, slender ; flowers small, on very
short stalklets ; petals blue ; fruit almost black.
P. teiiax.
Leaflets three... 1029
1029. Leaflets entire 1030
Leaflets denticulated ... ... ... ... ... 1031
1030. Racemes rather long.
Glabrous or slightly beset with short hairlets ; leaf -stalks
long ; leaflets rather large, from elliptic- to elongate-
lanceolar, acute ; racemes spike-like, on long stalks ;
bracts lanceolar-ovate ; calyx rather elongated ; petals
pink ; fruit almost black, somewhat rough.
F. adsceudens.
Racemes very short.
Dwarf, diffuse, sparingly beset with hairlets ; leaflets small,
from ovate- to narrow-lanceolar ; racemes spike-like,
sometimes nearly capitate ; flowers almost without any
stalklets ; bracts orbicular-cordate ; lobes of the calyx
short ; petals pink ; fruit pale, somewhat beset with
short hairlets. P. parva.
1031. Depressed, calyx elongated.
Almost grey or whitish from a lanugiiious vestiture ; leaflets
from obovate to nearly orbicular ; racemes spike-like ;
petals generally blue ; fruits beset with soft hairlets.
P. eriantha.
Erect, calyx abbreviated.
Much beset with short hairlets ; leaflets from lanceolar- to
rhomboid-ovate, generally obtuse ; racemes spike-like,
often elongated ; petals pink ; fruit very small.
P. patens.
LOTUS.
1032. Petals yellow, but with a somewhat brown- or deep-
reddish tinge.
Herb, never tall ; stipules very minute ; leaves sessile ;
leaflets from narrow-lanceolar to obovate and almost
rhomboid ; flowers few in each umbel ; lobes of the calyx
about as long as the tube, narrow, much pointed ; fruit
thin-cylindrical, straight. L. corniculatus.
'220 Key to the System of
Petals wholly pink or dark-reddish or pale.
Herb, generally rather tall ; leaflets from broad -linear to
obovate ; flowers several in each umbel ; lobes of the
calyx longer than the tube ; fruit usually rather long,
slender, straight. L. Australia.
TRIGONELLA.
1033. Flowers in axillary sessile clusters.
A small diffuse herb, almost or quite glabrous ; leaflets from
obovate- to orbicular-obcordate ; petals yellowish ; fruit
compressed, several times longer than broad, slightly
pointed, somewhat flexuous, superficially marked by
reticulating venules. Figure 47. T. suavissima.
K.ENNEDYA.
1031 Leaves reduced to a single leaflet.
Twining, tall or sometimes prostrate, glabrous ; leaflets
from broadly ovate to elliptic-laiiceolar, comparatively
large, flat, of very firm texture ; flowers very small,
numerous in each raceme ; petals blue or far less
commonly white ; fruit rather long, narrow, much com-
pressed. K. monophylla.
Leaves consisting of three leaflets ... ... ... 1035
1035. Flowers several on each stalk.
Twining, tall, much beset with brownish hairlets ; leaflets
from orbicular-ovate to elliptic-lanceolar, comparatively
large, of firm texture ; flowers very large, in racemes ;
petals crimson, hardly ever white ; fruit long, much
compressed. X. rubicunda.
Flowers generally only one or two on each stalk.
Prostrate ; leaflets from orbicular to ovate, comparatively
small, of herbaceous texture, somewhat crisped ; flowers
rather large ; petals crimson, rarely pale or white ; fruit
nearly cylindrical, slightly compressed.
K. prostrata.
OLYCINE.
1036. Lateral leaflets close to the upper one ... ... 1037
Lateral leaflets somewhat distant from the upper one 1038
Victorian Plants. 221
1037. Leaflets of the upper leaves narrow.
Stem and branches slender, much beset with often reflexed
hairlets ; leaflets rather small and flaccid, those of the
lower leaves generally obovate, those of the upper from
lanceolar to broad-linear ; flowers in racemes, or at the
lower portion of the plant clustered and then imperfect
and still smaller ; upper lobes of the calyx conspicuously
separated ; fruit narrow, compressed ; seeds of the lowest
fruits generally in shape different to those of the upper
fruits. G. clandestina.
Leaflets of nearly all the leaves broad.
Stems and branches short and often simply prostrate, much
beset with reflexed hairlets; leaflets small, from obcordate
and orbicular to obovate and lanceolar-elliptical, those of
the lower leaves the broadest ; racemes spike-like, few-
flowered, long-stalked ; flowers small ; upper lobes of the
calyx much connate ; petals often lilac-colored ; fruits
compressed, often of two forms ; seeds of the shorter
fruits more roundish. G, Latrobeana.
1038. Leaflets of the lower leaves broad.
Stems and branches somewhat elongated, much beset with
reflexed hairlets ; leaflets rather firm, from ovate to
elliptical- and linear- lanceolar or those of the lower leaves
from obovate to roundish and even obcordate, their venules
generally reticular-prominent ; racemes spike-like; flowers
rather small ; fruit broad-linear, considerably compressed;
seeds black, shining. G. tabacina.
Leaflets of nearly all the leaves narrow.
Stems and branches somewhat elongated, the latter and par-
ticularly the leaves invested with grey shining appressed
hairlets ; leaflets mostly from lanceolar- to broadish-linear,
nearly always acute ; racemes spike-like ; flowers rather
large ; fruit beset with silky shining hairlets ; seeds black,
smooth. G. sericea.
INDIGOFEHA.
1039. Lobes of the calyx, unless the lowest, considerably
shorter than the tube.
Somewhat shrubby ; leaflets from orbicular-ovate to linear-
elliptical ; flowers in racemes ; calyces small, often as
well as the stalklets closely beset with short dark -colored
hairlets ; fruit linear-cylindrical, straight, rather elon-
gated, glabrous. I. Australis.
222 Key to the System of
SWAINSONA.
1040. Petals yellowish or somewhat orange-colored ... 1041
Petals pink, deep-red or violet-colored ... .. 1042
1041. Fruit with a stalk-like base.
Tall, nearly glabrous ; leaflets from roundish-ovate to ellip-
tical ; stipules rather broad, curved ; racemes elongated ;
petals yellowish ; lower petals simply curved ; upper
petal without supra-basal callosities ; stigma accompanied
by a tuft of hairlets ; fruit inflated. S. laxa.
Fruit without any stalk-like base.
Depressed or ascending, densely beset with very short
whitish hairlets ; stipules particularly broad, often in-
dented ; leaflets cuneate- ®r elliptic-linear ; racemes short ;
petals partly orange-colored, the upper without supra-
basal callosities ; lower petals simply curved, blunt ;
style rigid, much incurved ; fruit almost narrow-ellipsoid.
(S. phacifolia.) S. stipularis.
1042. Lower petals twisted ... ... 1043
Lower petals simply curved ... .. ... ... 1044
1043. Flowers comparatively small.
Prostrate or ascendant, nmch beset with soft hairlets ;
leaflets rather small, from obcordate- to lanceolar-ovate ;
stipules conspicuous ; flowers in short racemes ; petals
violet-colored, the lower circularly curved, bluntish ;
upper devoid of prominent supra-basal callosities ; fruit
depressed-ellipsoid, rather small, without any stalk-like
base. S. onciuotropis.
Flowers comparatively large.
Prostrate or ascendant, beset with soft hairlets ; leaflets
rather numerous, from elliptic- to lanceolate-linear ;
flowers fragrant ; petals violet-colored, the lower cir-
cularly curved and additionally somewhat spiral ; upper
petal devoid of supra-basal callosities ; fruit rather large,
firm, without any stalk-like base. S. procumbens.
1044. Fruit with a long stalk-like base.
Very tall, deleterious, imperfectly invested with close
short whitish hairlets ; leaflets comparatively large, from
Victorian Plants. 223
narrow-elliptical to roundish-ovate ; flowers large, in long
racemes ; petals pink, the upper with two prominent
supra-basal callosities ; fruit large, inflated.
S. Greyana.
Fruit without any stalk-like base ... ... 1045
1045. Petals bright-red.
Rather tall, scantily or hardly beset with hairlets ; leaflets
from lanceolar- to oval-elliptical; stipules deltoid-cordate;
flowers few or several in each raceme, rather large; lower
petals infracted -ascendant, pointed, sideways slightly
twisted ; fruit rather large, depressed, ovate, somewhat
pointed. S. plagiotropis.
Petals violet-colored or pale ... .. ... ... 1046
1046. Fruit ovate-globular.
Leaflets very small, numerous, from obcordate- to cuneate-
ovate; stipules minute; racemes elongated; flowers small;
fruit short. S. micropliylla.
Fruit ovate- or cylindric-ellipsoid ... .. ... 1047
1047. Upper petal without any supra-basal callosities.
Depressed, deleterious, somewhat beset with appressed
hairlets ; leaflets from linear- to ovate-elliptical ; racemes
generally rather elongated ; hairlets of calyces and stalk -
lets appressed, often blackish ; petals almost violet-
colored ; fruit often turning blackish, nearly ellipsoid,
pointed. S. lessertifolia*
Upper petal with two supra-basal callosities.
Rather dwarf, much beset with short often shining-grey
hairlets; leaflets from broadish-linear to narrow-elliptical,
blunt or notched; racemes very short, on elongated stalks;
fruit nearly ellipsoid-cylindrical. S. phacoides.
OLYCYRRHIZA.
1048. Fruit very short, prickly-rough.
A perennial, usually diffuse herb, of strong scent ; leaflets
from elliptic- to linear-lanceolar ; flowers in spike-like
racemes ; upper petal acute, pale-lilac or whitish, the
other petals upwards somewhat violet ; fruit irrespective
of its asperities copiously glandular outside. Figure 48.
G. psoraloides.
224 Key to the System of
FIIVIELEA.
1049. Leaves mostly or all scattered ... ... 1050
Leaves mostly or all opposite ... ... ... 1054
1050. Involucral bracts two to four ... ... ... 1051
Involucral bracts more than four ... ... ... 1053
1051. Flowers in spikes.
Annual, dwarf, but quite erect ; leaves small, from elliptic-
to broad-linear, concave, almost or quite glabrous ;
irivolucral bracts four or two, similar to the leaves, early
deciduous ; flowers very small, all staminate and pistillate ;
calyx yellowish, much beset with soft spreading hairlets ;
fruit dry. P. trichostachya.
Flowers in headlets or clusters ... ... ... 1052
1052. Involucral bracts four.
Annual, dwarf, but quite erect ; leaves small, from elliptic-
to broad-linear, soon glabrous, generally appressed ;
involucral bracts similar to the leaves, early deciduous ;
flowers in terminal headlets, minute, all staminate and
pistillate ; calyx invested with soft hairlets, yellow inside ;
fruit dry. P. simplex.
Involucral bracts two.
A somewhat shrubby plant, never tall, beset with appressed
often scattered hairlets ; leaves mostly linear-elliptical,
and scattered ; involucral bracts similar to the leaves ;
flowers very small, in singly terminal and also almost
axillary clusters, all staminate and pistillate ; calyx
slender, invested with appressed shining hairlets, yel-
lowish inside; fruit dry. P. CTirviflora.
053. Flowers quite large.
A somewhat shrubby plant, never tall, much beset with
long soft and spreading hairlets ; leaves from linear- to
narrow -elliptical ; involucral bracts eight or more, simi-
lar to the leaves ; flowers in singly terminal headlets,
all staminate and pistillate; calyx pale, invested with
rather long soft hairlets ; fruit dry. P. octophylla.
Victorian Plants. 225
Flowers rather small.
A somewhat herbaceous plant, never tall, much beset with
soft spreading hairlets ; leaves small, from oval- to
narrow-elliptical, concave, mostly scattered ; involucral
bracts six to ten, similar to the leaves ; flowers in singly
terminal headlets, all staminate and pistillate ; calyx
invested with appressed hairlets ; fruit dry.
F. pliylicoides.
1054. All flowers staminate and pistillate ... ... 1055
Staminate and pistillate flowers on distinct plants ... 1064
1055. Involucral bracts two.
Finally tall, leaves from oval- to linear-elliptical, elongated,
somewhat recurved at the margin, beset underneath with
appressed shining hairlets ; involucral bracts similar to
the leaves ; flowers in singly terminal and also many in
almost axillary iieadlets ; calyx whitish or pale-rosy,
beset with appressed hairlets ; fruit succulent, black.
F. drupacea.
Involucral bracts more than two ... ... ... 1056
1056. Involucral bracts dissimilar to the leaves ... — 1057
Involucral bracts similar to the leaves ... ... 1063
1057. Involucral bracts shorter than the headlets of flowers 1058
Involucral bracts nearly as long as the headlets of
flowers ... ... ... ... 1059
1058. Involucral bracts four.
A rather small shrub; leaves from ovate- to narrow-
lanceolar, pointed, greyish-green, glabrous, somewhat
incurved at the margin ; involucral bracts lanceolar-ovate,
the inner two much ciliolated ; flowers in singly terminal
headlets ; calyx whitish, invested with appressed shining
hairlets ; fruit dry. P. glauca.
Involucral bracts six to eight.
Finally tall ; leaves rather large, spreading, flat, from oval
to lanceolar, almost membranous and glabrous, paler
beneath ; involucral bracts nearly ovate, inside and out-
side beset with appressed hairlets ; flowers comparatively
large, numerous in each headlet, only some fertile-
pistillate ; calyx pale, beset with hairlets ; fruit dry.
F. hypericina.
Q
226 Key to the System of
1059. Involucral bracts beset with hairlets inside ... lf)60
Involucral bracts glabrous on both sides ... ... 1061
1060. Leaves flaccid, rather elongated, flat, their lateral
venules conspicuous.
Finally tall, leaves rather large, spreading, flat, generally
from oval- to elliptical-lanceolar, almost membranous
and glabrous ; involucral bracts usually four, nearly as
long as the flowers, from orbicular to ovate and pointed ;
flowers comparatively large, in singly terminal headlets
numerous ; calyx whitish, beset with appressed hairlets
outside ; fruit dry. P. ligustrina.
Leaves firm, rather abbreviated, incurved at the
margin, their lateral venules inconspicuous.
A mostly slender shrub, never very tall ; leaves glabrous,
from broad- to narrow-lanceolar, pointed ; involucral
bracts four, concave, closely appressed, almost ovate, but
much pointed, inside beset with shining appressed hair-
lets ; flowers in singly terminal headlets ; calyx rather
large, whitish, invested with short silky-shining hairlets ;
fruit dry. P. stricta.
1061. Calyx scantily beset with hairlets.
A slender shrub, never very tall ; leaves from spatular- to
linear-elliptical, glabrous, somewhat incurved at the
margin ; involucral bracts four, mostly lanceolar-ovate;
flowers in singly terminal headlets ; calyx whitish ; fruit
dry. P. spatulata.
Calyx densely beset with hairlets ... 1062
1062. Leaves incurved at the margin.
A slender shrub, never tall ; leaves firm, from lanceolar- to
linear-elliptical, three-nerved, glabrous, their margin and
also lateral venules somewhat prominent; involucral bracts
four, rather rigid, from elliptical to ovate, conspicuously
venulous ; flowers in singly terminal headlets ; calyx
whitish, beset with appressed hairlets ; fruit dry.
P. collina.
Leaves recurved at the margin.
A slender shrub, finally somewhat tall ; leaves from broad-
linear to narrow-elliptical or occasionally somewhat
lanceolar or spatular, glabrous ; involucral bracts four,
usually lanceolar-ovate, dissimilar to the leaves ; flowers
in singly terminal headlets ; calyx whitish, beset with
appressed hairlets ; fruit dry. P. linifolia.
Victorian Plants. 227
1063. Flowers rather large, the calyx equally whitish.
Dwarf ; somewhat herbaceous ; branches beset with hairlets ;
leaves from oval to elliptical, nearly flat, almost glabrous;
involucral bracts four, similar to the leaves, oval, about
as long as the headlet of flowers, somewhat beset with
hairlets inside ; flowers numerous in each headlet ; calyx
invested with appressed shining hairlets ; fruit dry.
F. humilis.
Flowers rather small, the calyx much red-tinged.
A dwarf highland -plant ; leaves small, from lanceolar- to
oval-elliptical, as well as the branches glabrous; involucral
bracts four, about as long as the headlet of flowers, some-
what broader than the leaves ; flowers several in each
headlet ; calyx somewhat beset with short hairlets.
F. alpina.
1064. Flowers in axillary clusters.
Finally tall, almost totally glabrous ; leaves usually elon-
gated and from broad-linear to narrow-lanceolar, some-
what recurved at the margin ; involucral bracts two to
four, very short ; calyx small, nearly glabrous or slightly
beset with short hairlets ; fruit dry. Figure 74.
F. axiflora.
Flowers in terminal headlet s ... ... ... 1065
1065. Fruit succulent 1066
Fruit dry 1067
1066. Calyx beset with short hairlets.
Finally tall ; leaves glabrous, from lanceolar- to broad -linear,
acute, flaccid, somewhat incurved at the margin; involucral
bracts two to four, often shorter and somewhat broader
than the leaves, surpassing the headlets ; flowers very
small, few or several in each headlet, yellow inside ; fruit
yellowish. F. xnicrocephala.
Calyx quite glabrous.
Finally tall, quite glabrous; leaves generally linear-lanceolar;
involucral bracts two, similar to the leaves, but often
somewhat broader, surpassing the headlets, the latter
occasionally rendered axillary ; flowers very small, few
in each headlet or sometimes only two together ; calyx
pale-yellow ; fruit reddish or dark-purplish.
F. pauciflora.
228 Key to the System of
1067. Calyx quite glabrous.
A tall and ample shrub, chiefly maritime ; leaves small, .
firm, crowded, from orbicular- to elliptic-oval, somewhat
concave, glabrous, some occasionally scattered ; involucral
bracts four, similar to the leaves ; flowers very small, few
in each headlet ; calyx always yellow ; fruit almost dry.
P. serpyllifolia.
Calyx beset with short hairlets ... ... ... 1068
1068. Leaves recurved at the margin.
Dwarf; leaves small, from ovate- to elliptic-lanceolar, nearly
glabrous ; involucral bracts two to four, similar to the
leaves; flowers minute ; calyx beset with appressed shining
hairlets ; fruit dry. P. elachantha.
Leaves incurved at the margin.
Finally tall, amply branched ; leaves small, from elliptic-
to orbicular-ovate, glabrous, not rarely assuming a partial
blueish hue ; involucral bracts four, similar to the leaves,
but somewhat larger ; flowers very small ; calyx either
whitish or pale- or bright-yellow, beset with appressed
shining hairlets ; fruit dry. P. flava.
DRAFETES.
1069. Rudimentary petals two to each lobe of the calyx.
Much depressed, compact, somewhat beset with short hair-
lets ; leaves minute, crowded, broadish- or elliptic-linear,
appressed ; flowers very small ; calyx whitish ; stamens
alternating with the lobes of the calyx ; fruit minute.
D. Tasmanica.
ROSACEAE.
ACAENA.
1070. Flowers in spikes.
Perennial, erect, never tall ; leaflets in ten or less pairs, from
elliptic- to orbicular-ovate, indented or almost pinnatifid,
generally glabrous above, often beset with silky-shining
hairlets beneath ; flowers in solitary terminal spikes, only
some fruit-bearing; lobes of the calyx generally five;
fertile stamens five to ten ; fruit- calyx beset with many
short unequal terminally barbed pricklets.
A. oviiia.
Victorian Plants. 229
Flowers in headlets.
Perennial; stems prostrate, often somewhat rooting;
leaflets in four to ten pairs, from oval to orbicular,
closely indented, often beset with hairlets underneath ;
flowers in solitary terminal globular headlets; calyx-lobes
generally four ; stamens two ; fruit-calyx terminating
into four, at the end barbed bristlets.
A. sanguisorbae.
1071. Flowers in paniculate corymbs.
A perennial herb, here alpine, much beset with spreading
soft hairlets ; leaves plaited, from cordate- to renate-
orbicular, short- and broad-lobed, also denticulated, the
lowest on long stalks; stipules somewhat adnate to the
leaf-stalk ; calyx four-lobed, supported by four minute
bracts (or bracteoles) close to the lobes ; stamens four ;
fruitlet often only one. "Lady's Mantle."
A. vulgaris.
GEUItt.
1072. Style jointed at its single twist near the middle.
A perennial erect herb, often beset with hairlets ; basal
leaves several, on long stalks ; their leaflets three to five,
obovate- or rhomboid-cuneate, irregularly serrulated, also
occasionally somewhat lobed ; upper leaves consisting of
one or three leaflets, with smaller two accessory in a
stipular position ; flowers few or several, axillary- terminal;
petals yellow ; upper joint of the style deciduous ; fruitlets
dry. "Avens." G. nrbaiium.
FOT£NTILI,A.
1073. Leaflets generally underneath invested with appressed
silver-shining hairlets.
A perennial creeping herb, the off-shoots rooting ; leaflets
in several or many pairs, mostly from obovate to elliptical
in outline, closely and deeply indented, occasionally
almost devoid of vestiture ; flowers on elongated stalks,
solitary or rarely two together ; bracts supporting the
calyx high-adnate, somewhat indented ; petals yellow ;
fruitlets dry. " British Silver- weed. " P. anseriiia.
ZIUBUS.
1074. Leaves simple.
A tall and prickly climber, much invested with greyish or
oftener brownish hairlets ; leaves from ovate- to orbi-
cular-cordate, indented, above wrinkled and gradually
230 Key to the. System of
glabrescent ; stipules and bracts fringe-like incised or
shortly three- or five-lobed ; panicles at last spreading ;
lobes of the calyx much pointed ; petals whitish or
reddish, hardly emersed ; fruit red, almost globular, con-
sisting of many rather succulent fruitlets.
R. Moluccanus.
Leaves pinnate ... ... ... ... ... 1075
1075. Leaflets from almost orbicular- to cordate- or ovate-
rhomboid.
A somewhat climbing shrub, finally rather tall, much
prickly ; leaflets generally three to five, wrinkled above,
densely invested underneath with whitish hairlets,
irregularly denticulated or indented and often also
slightly lobed, the terminal leaflet the largest ; flowers
few in each corymb or sometimes only two together or
solitary ; stipules and bracts narrow, often entire ; lobes
of the calyx usually much pointed ; petals often reddish,
shorter than the calyx ; fruit bright-red, almost globular,
consisting of several or few or rarely of many very
succulent fruitlets. " Native Raspberry. " Figure 52.
B>. parvifolius.
Leaflets from almost ovate to lanceolar, much
narrowed upwards.
A hardly climbing but prickly shrub, producing suckers,
sprinkled with stalked glandules ; leaflets generally five
to seven, unequally serrulated, slightly or not lobed,
scantily beset with hairlets, green underneath ; corymbs
few-flowered or sometimes paniculated or often reduced
to two or one flower ; stipules and bracts narrow, often
entire ; lobes of the calyx usually much pointed ; petals
often whitish, rather large ; fruit dark-red, longer than
broad, consisting of numerous very small and but slightly
succulent fruitlets. R. rosifolius.
EUCRYFHIA.
1076. Leaves pinnate.
A tree, finally rather tall ; leaflets in three to five pairs,
accompanied by a terminal odd one, mostly from oval- to
lanceolar-elliptical, firm, flat, entire, dark-green and
nearly glabrous above, greyish beneath ; flowers solitary,
comparatively large ; bracts resinously glued together
into a small involucre ; petals white, glabrous, from
cuneate- to orbicular-ovate ; seeds two to four maturing
in each fruitlet, compressed, downward short-appendi-
culated. C. Moorei.
Victorian Plants. 231
SAXIFRAGEAE.
TILLAEA.
1077. Creeping or floating.
Stems sometimes rather elongated ; leaves seldom crowded,
usually from narrow- to linear-lanceolar ; flowers rather
minute, on solitary axillary often conspicuous stalklets ;
petals four, whitish, about as long as the sepals ; discal
scalelets opposite to the petals and fruitlets, alternating
with the sepals and stamens ; fruitlets much pointed ;
seeds usually two or three. T, recurva.
Erect or diffuse ... ... 1078
1078. Flowers mostly on long stalklets.
Quite dwarf, often of reddish hue ; leaves very short ;
flowers very minute, on capillary stalklets ; petals four,
longer than the sepals ; discal scalelets obliterated ;
fruitlets rather blunt ; seeds few. Figure 54.
T. purpurata.
Flowers mostly on short stalklets ... ... ... 1079
1079. Flowers very minute.
Quite dwarf ; leaves generally quite short ; flowers often in
dense leafy clusters ; developed stalklets capillary ; sepals
very acute ; petals four or five, pointed, shorter than the
sepals ; discal scalelets obliterated ; fruitlets four or five,
rather acute ; seeds one or two maturing.
P. verticillaris.
Flowers comparatively large.
Quite dwarf ; leaves short, rather acute ; flowers often in
leafy corymbs ; sepals rather acute ; petals generally four,
as long as the sepals ; discal scalelets obliterated ; fruit-
lets hardly pointed ; seeds few. T. macrantha.
BAUERA.
i. Flowers stalked.
Leaflets small, serrulated ; calyx deeply cleft into six to ten
segments ; stamens numerous ; anthers yellow, almost
roundish; fruit exserted, broad, many-seeded.
B. rubioides.
232 Key to the System of
Flowers sessile.
Leaflets small, almost entire ; calyx cleft to about the middle
into eight lobes ; stamens nine to sixteen ; anthers black,
narrow-ellipsoid ; fruit enclosed, narrow, one- or two-
seeded. Figure 53. B. sessiliflora.
AFHANOPETAXiUBX.
1081. Leaves large, from elliptic- to ovate-lanceolar,
serrulated.
Tall, glabrous ; branchlets granular-rough ; leaves firm,
shining, prominently venuled ; cymes generally few-
flowered ; sepals green, from oval- to lanceolar-elliptical ;
styles high-coherent ; fruit comparatively small.
A. resinosum.
MYRTACX2 AE.
EUGENIA.
1082. Anthers broader than long, their two cells almost
globular.
An umbrageous tree, finally tall ; leaves very firm, short-
stalked, from lanceolar- and rhomboid- to orbicular-
ovate, somewhat pointed, shining, dark-green above,
their secondary venules subtle, pennular- spreading ;
flowers small, in terminal panicles ; calyx almost lobe-
less ; petals minute ; stamens extremely short ; fruits
("Lilipillies ") globular, rather succulent, whitish out-
side, with rosy tinge. Figure 60. E. Sinithii.
ANGOPHORA.
1083. Leaves conspicuously stalked, from ovate- to narrow-
lanceolar.
A rather tall tree, with spreading branches ; stem -bark
rough ; foliage and inflorescence almost or quite glabrous
or the latter somewhat setular-rough ; leaves firm, much
pointed, mostly opposite ; flowers comparatively small,
numerous in each panicle ; calyx streaked by ten longi-
tudinal alternately more prominent lines, its lobes whitish
towards the margin ; fruit rather small ; fertile seeds
few, much larger than the numerous sterile seeds.
A. intermedia.
Victorian Plants. 233
EUCALYPTUS.
1084. Anthers broader than long ; fertile and sterile seeds
in size much alike ... ... ... ... ... 1085
Anthers longer than broad or about as long as broad;
fertile seeds much larger than the sterile seeds ... 1097
1085. Main-venules of leaves nearly longitudinal ... 1086
Main-venules of leaves, except the median, con-
spicuously divergent ... ... 1087
1086. Leaves much elongated.
Finally tall, except in the Alps ; bark smooth, whitish
outside ; leaves very firm, almost lanceolar, unilaterally
somewhat curved, equally green and shining on both
sides ; umbels nearly always solitary ; flowers on very
short stalklets ; tube of the calyx semiovate-obconical,
about twice as long as the hemispheric slightly pointed
lid ; anthers nearly renate ; fruit semi- or truncate-
ovate ; border concave, descending ; valves enclosed.
One of the " White Gum-trees." E. pauciflora.
Leaves much abbreviated.
Never very tall ; bark of the stem mostly rough and dark,
of the branches outside greenish or somewhat bronzy-
brownish ; leaves firm, from oval- to narrow -lanceolar or
rarely linear-lanceolar, almost straight, equally green and
shining on both sides ; umbels solitary, short-stalked ;
flowers very small, unprovided with stalklets ; lid semi-
ovate-conical, acute, shining, about as long as the tube
of the calyx ; anthers renate-cordate ; fruit quite
small, semiovate- or truncate-globular ; valves enclosed.
"Green- branched Gum-tree." E. stellulata,
1087. Leaves paler beneath.
Finally quite tall ; stem-bark rough, dark outside, rather
fibrous inside ; leaves narrow- or elongate-lanceolar,
unilaterally somewhat curved ; their secondary venules
• numerous, subtle, much spreading ; umbels on strongly
compressed stalks, mostly solitary ; stalklets usually
shorter than the calyx ; lid from hemispheric- or broad-
conical attenuated into an acute apex ; anthers renate ;
fruit generally semiovate ; valves enclosed. " Blackbutt."
E. pilularis.
Leaves almost equally green on both sides ... ... 1088
234 Key to the System of
1088. Outer stamens without anthers ... ... ... 1089
All stamens witn anthers .- 1090
1089. Fruit semiovate.
Finally tall ; bark often largely smooth ; leaves firm, from
narrow- to elongate-lanceolar, unilaterally somewhat
curved, shining ; secondary venules moderately spreading ;
- - umbels mostly solitary, their stalks somewhat compressed ;
tube of the calyx about twice as long as the hemispheric
lid ; anthers cordate-renate ; fruit semiovate ; border
depressed or quite flat, reddish ; valves very short, barely
enclosed. One of the "White Gum-trees."
E. haemastoma.
Fruit truncate-ovate.
Finally tall ; persistent portion of bark deeply furrowed,
hard, dark ; leaves firm, from narrow- to elongate-lan-
ceolar, shining, unilaterally somewhat curved ; secondary
venules slightly spreading, rather faint ; umbels mostly
solitary, their stalks compressed ; lid hemispheric ; anthers
almost renate ; fruit-border depressed or quite flat,
reddish; valves very short, barely enclosed. "Spurious
Ironbark-tree." E. Sieberiaiia.
1090. Flowers and fruits unprovided with stalklets.
Finally tall ; bark persistent, fibrous ; leaves firm, from
narrow- to elongate-lanceolar, unilaterally somewhat
curved, shining, often very inequilateral towards the base ;
secondary venules moderately spreading ; umbels mostly
solitary; calyx slightly angular; lid hemispheric ; anthers
renate-cordate ; calycine portion of fruit semiovate ; bor-
der broad, convex, emersed ; valves wholly exserted.
One of the " Stringybark-trees. " E. capitellata.
Flowers and fruits provided with stalklets ... ... 1091
1091. Calyx-lid gradually pointed .. 1092
Calyx-lid rounded-blunt 1094
1092. Fruit valves wholly exserted.
Finally tall ; bark fibrous, persistent on stem and main-
branches ; leaves firm, elongate- or broadish-lanceolar,
somewhat unilaterally curved, shining, equally green on
both sides ; secondary venules moderately spreading ;
umbels mostly solitary ; calyx-lid concavely attenuated,
sharply pointed ; anthers cordate-renate ; calycine portion
Victorian Plants. 235
of fruit nearly hemispheric ; border broad, convex,
emersed; valves short. "Common Victorian Stringy-
bark-tree." E. macrorrhyncha.
Fruit-valves wholly enclosed or slightly exserted ... 1093
1093. Fruit truncate-globular, its border depressed.
Finally very tall ; bark very fibrous, persistent on stem and
main-branches ; leaves from elongate- to broad-lanceolar,
shining and dark -green on both sides, inequilateral
towards the base, much transparently dotted ; lateral
venules subtle, moderately spreading ; umbels mostly
solitary ; lid generally semiovate ; anthers cordate-renate ;
fruit comparatively small ; valves very short ; young
seedlings rough from very short somewhat tufted hairlets.
One of the " Stringy bark-trees. " E. eugenioides.
Fruit truncate-ovate, its border compressed.
Finally tall ; bark fibrous, persistent on stem and main-
branches; leaves from narrow- to rather elongate-lanceolar,
somewhat unilaterally curved, less shining beneath, much
transparently dotted ; secondary venules subtle ; umbels
mostly solitary, on slender stalks; lid broad-conical, acute;
anthers renate ; fruit comparatively small ; valves very
short ; young seedlings rough from very short somewhat
tufted hairlets. " Peppermint-Stringybark-tree."
E. piperita.
1094. Calyx granular-rough 1095
Calyx almost or quite smooth ... ... ... 1096
1095. Leaves broad, conspicuously curved, very inequilateral
towards the base.
Finally 'very tall ; bark fibrous, persistent on stem and main-
branches ; leaves quite firm, from elongate- to broad-
lanceolar, shining and equally green on both sides ;
secondary venules prominent ; umbels mostly solitary,
on slender stalks ; lid hemispheric ; anthers renate ; fruit
truncate-ovate, its border compressed ; valves totally
enclosed. ' ' Messmate-Stringybark-tree. "
E. obliqua.
«
Leaves narrow, slightly curved, almost equilateral.
Shrubby or dwarf-arborescent ; leaves from broad-linear to
narrow-lanceolar ; umbels mostly solitary ; lid nearly
hemispherical ; anthers renate ; fruit truncate-ovate, its
border compressed ; valves enclosed. E. stricta.
236 Key to the System of
1096. Leaves comparatively narrow.
Finally rather tall ; bark largely fibrous and persistent ;
leaves of rather thin texture, from linear- to narrow-
lanceolar, unilaterally curved, shining on both sides,
their secondary venules thin, slightly spreading ; oildots
copious, transparent ; umbels mostly solitary ; flowers
very small ; lid hemispherical ; anthers minute, renate ;
fruit very small, generally truncate-ovate, its border
depressed or nearly flat ; valves enclosed. One of the
" Peppermint-Gumtrees. " E. amygdalina.
Leaves comparatively broad.
At last stupendously tall ; bark outside whitish and smooth,
except at the stem-base ; leaves of rather thin texture,
from elongate- to broad-lanceolar, much unilaterally
curved, shining on both sides, their secondary venules
slightly spreading ; oildots extremely numerous and
pellucid ; umbels mostly solitary ; flowers small ; lid
hemispherical; anthers minute, renate ; fruit quite small,
generally semiovate, its border depressed or nearly flat ;
valves enclosed; leaves of young seedlings opposite,
sessile, cordate-roundish, whitish from waxy bloom.
" Giant-Gumtree" and "Spurious Blackbutt."
£. regnans.
1097. Anthers opening by pores ... ... ... ... 1098
Anthers opening by slits ... ... ... ... 1107
1098. Anthers truncated, opening terminally 1099
Anthers rounded-blunt, opening laterally ... ... 1102
1099. Leaves paler beneath.
Of tener a small than a large tree ; bark persistent, hard and
rough or by outer decortication whitish and smooth
outside ; leaves from narrow- to elongate-lanceolar,
unilaterally somewhat curved J umbels mostly panicu-
lated; Ud thin, almost conical-semiovate; anthers minute,
roundish -quadrangular; stigma much dilated ; fruit trun-
cate-ovate, its border compressed ; valves enclosed.
"Box-Ironbarktree." E. paniculata.
Leaves equally green on both sides ... ... ... 1100
Victorian Plants. 237
1100. Leaves almost orbicular ; umbels paniculated.
Hardly ever tall; bark rough, persistent; leaves occasionally
verging into an ovate form, from dull-green to almost
ashy greyish ; umbels mostly paniculated ; flowers small ;
lid almost hemispheric ; stigma slightly dilated ; fruit
truncate- or semi-ovate, its border compressed ; valves
enclosed. "Red Box-Eucalypt." E. polyaiithema.
Leaves almost lanceolar; umbels mostly solitary ... 1101
1101. Umbels generally three-flowered ; stalklets elongated.
Finally rather tall ; bark either rugged, hard, dark and
persistent, or decorticating and then smooth and whitish
outside ; leaves dull-green, from narrow- to elongate-
lanceolar, unilaterally somewhat curved ; umbels often
pendent, with rather large flowers ; calyx at first pale ;
lid usually semiovate and pointed ; filaments oftener pale
than reddish ; stigma much dilated ; fruit truncate- or
semi-ovate, often comparatively large, its border com-
pressed ; valves four to seven, enclosed. ' ' Victorian
Ironbark-tree." E. Leucoxylon.
Umbels generally several-flowered; stalklets abbre-
viated.
A middle-sized tree, exceptionally very tall ; bark quite
persistent, rough ; leaves dull-green, from narrow- to
broadish-lanceolar, somewhat unilaterally curved; umbels
partly solitary, partly paniculated ; flowers rather small ;
lid generally conic-hemispherical ; stigma much dilated ;
fruit truncate-ovate, its border compressed ; valves four
to six, enclosed. Figure 58. ' ' Yellow Box-Eucalypt. '
E. melliodora.
1102. Outer stamens without any anthers.
Shrubby or dwarf-arborescent ; leaves from almost linear-
to narrow-lanceolar, equally green, shining, their venules
very subtle; umbels solitary; flowers small; calyx
angular ; lid pyramidal- or conic-hemispheric ; anthers
very minute, roundish ; fruit hemi-ellipsoid or somewhat
obconical, longitudinally three- to five-angular, its border
compressed ; valves enclosed. One of the " Mallees."
E. gracilis.
All stamens provided with anthers or rarely few of
the outer sterile ... ... ... 1103
1103. Umbels mostly or all solitary ... ... ... 1104
Umbels mostly or all paniculated ... ... ... 1105
238 Key to the System of
1104. Frutescent ; leaves rather small, with closely ap-
proximated secondary venules.
Always shrubby ; leaves firm, from linear- to narrow-
lanceolar, almost straight, copiously dark- dotted, often
hooked-pointed, their secondary venules subtle, much
spreading ; flowers quite small ; lid usually semi-ovate ;
filaments sharply infracted before expansion, without
flexuosity ; anthers very minute, almost globular ; fruit
small, semi-ovate, its border depressed or flat ; valves
barely enclosed or slightly exserted. One of the
"Mallees." E. iiiicinata.
Arborescent ; leaves rather large, with distant
secondary venules.
A tree, but never tall ; bark persistent, rough, hard ; leaves
firm, from narrow- to broadish-lanceolar, somewhat uni-
laterally curved, their secondary venules rather slightly
spreading ; umbels occasionally short-paniculated ; lid
from broad-conical to pointed-hemispherical ; anthers
minute, almost roundish ; stigma slightly dilated ; fruit
nearly semi-ovate or hemi-ellipsoid, its border compressed
and annular- margined ; valves rather deeply enclosed.
South Australian "Peppermint-tree." E. odorata.
1105. Leaves of thin texture ; calyx-lid double.
Rather tall ; bark persistent, rough ; leaves from narrow-
to rather elongate-lanceolar, equally dull-green, slightly
curved, their secondary venules subtle, moderately
spreading ; oildots numerous, often transparent ; inner
lid hemispheric, less wide than the calyx-tube ; outer
stamens sometimes partially without anthers, the latter
globular, minute ; fruit quite small, usually truncate-
ovate, its border compressed ; valves very short, quite
enclosed. One of the " Box-Eucalypts."
E. largiflorens.
Leaves of thick texture ; calyx-lid single 1106
1106. Leaves dull-green or ashy- whitish; fruit hemi-ellipsoid.
Finally tall ; bark rough, persistent, greyish outside ; leaves
from elongate- to ovate-lanceolar, unilaterally somewhat
curved, their secondary venules prominent and moderately
spreading; calyx somewhat angular, its lid nearly as
long as the tube, semiovate-conical, acute ; fruit-border
compressed; valves deeply enclosed. One of the "Box-
Eucalypts." E. hemiphloia.
Victorian Plants. 239
Leaves bright-green and shining ; fruit truncate-ovate.
Shrubby or somewhat arborescent ; bark smooth ; leaves
from broadish- to ovate-lanceolar, almost straight and
equilateral, their secondary venules prominent and mode-
rately spreading ; flowers quite small ; lid hemispheric,
about half as long as the calyx-tube ; anthers minute,
nearly globular ; fruit small, its border rather depressed ;
valves short, quite enclosed. E. Behriaiia.
1107. Valves of the fruit upwards exceedingly narrow.
Shrubby or somewhat arborescent ; leaves from narrow- to
almost elliptic-lanceolar, unilaterally slightly curved,
equally light-green on both sides, their secondary venules
subtle, much spreading ; umbels on rather slender but
somewhat compressed stalks ; lid semiovate-conical, often
narrowly attenuated ; anthers broadish-ovate or almost
globular ; fruit truncate-ovate, neither large nor streaked,
its border compressed ; valves much pointed, con-
spicuously exserted. One of the " Mallees."
E. oleosa.
Valves of the fruit comparatively broad ... ... 1108
1108. Calyx-lid smooth, conical or hemispheric ... ... 1109
Calyx-lid verrucular-rough, crown-shaped ... ... 1120
1109. Leaves equally green on both sides ... ... ... 1110
Leaves evidently paler beneath ... ... ... 1118
1110. Valves of the fruit enclosed or slightly exserted ... 1111
Valves of the fruit prominently exserted ... ... 1114
1111. Stalklets elongated.
Finally tall ; bark persistent, rough, somewhat fibrous ;
leaves from narrow- to elongate-lanceolar, unilaterally
somewhat curved, their lateral venules numerous, very
thin and regularly much spreading ; umbels two- to four-
flowered, on long slender stalks ; flowers large ; calyx at
first pale, its lid broad-conical and pointed ; fruit large,
bellshaped-semiovate, angular, its border ascendingly
concave. " Woolly Butt. " E. longifolia.
Stalklets abbreviated ... 1112
240 Key to the System of
1112. Umbel-stalks nearly cylindrical.
Finally rather tall, except in the Alps ; bark smooth, whitish
outside ; leaves very firm, from oval- to broadish-lanceolar,
almost equilateral, dark-green and shining on both sides,
their secondary venules rather distant, moderately
spreading ; umbels solitary, generally with several flowers ;
stalklets usually short ; lid shining, hemispheric, short-
pointed ; anthers almost oval ; fruit nearly semiovate, its
border depressed, but narrow ; valves very small, slightly
exserted ; leaves of young seedlings opposite, sessile, from
oval to orbicular. " Cider-Eucalypt." E. Gniinii.
Umbel-stalks broadly compressed. ... ... ... 1113
1113. Leaves comparatively short.
Shrubby or somewhat arborescent ; leaves very firm, from
ovate- to elongate-lanceolar, equally light-green and
shining on both sides, sometimes with a slightly yellowish
tinge ; the secondary venules rather distant, moderately
spreading, much concealed ; umbels solitary ; flowers
often large ; calyx shining, usually streaked with longi-
tudinal prominent lines ; lid turgid towards the base,
usually much narrowed towards the summit ; anthers
from ovate-roundish to elliptical ; fruit generally large,
truncate-ovate, often furrowed, its border compressed ;
valves acute, enclosed. One of the " Mallees."
£. iucrassata.
Leaves comparatively long.
Finally very tall ; bark rough and solid on a portion of the
stem, or by outer decortication largely smooth and
whitish outside ; leaves elongate- or narrow-lanceolar,
considerably unilateral- curved ; secondary venules thin,
moderately spreading ; umbels solitary ; stalklets very
short or obliterated ; lid of calyx pyramidal or hemi-
spheric-conical ; tube lined by two to four prominent
angles ; anthers quadrate-oval ; fruit semiovate- or cubic-
hemiellipsoid, its border narrow, depressed ; valves barely
enclosed ; leaves of young seedlings very broad, opposite,
sessile. Victorian " Spotted Gum-tree. "
E. goniocalyx.
1114. Leaves opposite.
A small or hardly middle-sized tree ; bark fibrous, exten-
sively persistent ; leaves mostly from cordate-orbicular to
ovate, sessile, sometimes stalked and elongated, whitish
or greyish from a waxy bloom ; oil-glandules pellucid ;
umbels solitary, three- or few-flowered ; stalklets almost
none ; lid from hemispheric to broad-conical ; anthers
nearly ovate ; fruit small, semiovate-topshaped, its border
narrow, depressed ; valves small, somewhat exserted
"Mealy Stringy bark-tree." E. pulverulent a.
Victorian Plants. 241
Leaves scattered ... ... ••• ••• 1115
1115. Stalklets inconspicuous or none ; calyx-lid hemispheric
or semiovate and almost or quite pointless ... 1116
Stalklets conspicuous; calyx-lid elongate-conical or
from an hemispheric base sharp-pointed ... ... 1117
1116. Umbels prevailingly several-flowered ; bark rather
fibrous, extensively persistent.
Finally rather tall ; leaves of rather thin texture, narrow-
er elongate-lanceolar, much unilaterally curved ; secondary
venules rather numerous, thin, very spreading ; umbels
solitary ; stalklets very short ; calyx- lid usually hemi-
spherical and slightly pointed, shining ; anthers nearly
ovate ; fruit small, semiovate-topshaped, its border
narrow, rather convex ; valves much protruding, deltoid ;
leaves of young seedlings broad, opposite, sessile. The
"Apple-scented Gum-tree." E. Stuartiana.
Umbels prevailingly three-flowered ; bark rather solid,
extensively deciduous.
Finally tall and sometimes even gigantic ; bark partially
rough or quite smooth and then outside whitish ; leaves
of rather thin texture, generally from narrow- to elongate-
lanceolar, much unilaterally curved ; secondary venules
numerous, thin, regularly much spreading ; umbels
solitary ; stalklets very short ; lid nearly semiovate,
slightly pointed ; calycine portion of the fruit semiovate,
its border somewhat convex ; valves finally quite exserted.
deltoid ; leaves of young seedlings narrow, opposite,
sessile. "Manna-Gum-tree." E. vimiiialis.
1117. Calyx-lid elongate-conical ; outer stamens straight
"before expansion.
Finally tall ; bark extensively smooth and outside whitish ;
leaves generally from narrow- to elongate-lanceolar, often
much unilaterally curved ; secondary venules numerous,
thin, very regularly spreading ; umbels solitary, with
several flowers ; stalks rather elongated ; stalklets con-
spicuous ; tube of the calyx almost semiovate, narrowed
gradually into the stalklet, much shorter than the lid;
anthers nearly oval ; calycine portion of fruit almost
semiglobular ; border convex, protruding ; valves finally
quite exserted, nearly deltoid. "Flooded Gum-tree."
E. tereticornis.
242 Key to the System of
Calyx-lid from below hemispheric upwards sharp-
pointed ; outer stamens inflexed before expansion.
Finally tall ; bark extensively smooth and outside whitish ;
leaves generally from narrow- to elongate-lanceolar, often
much unilaterally curved ; secondary venules numerous,
thin, very regularly spreading ; umbels solitary, with
several flowers ; stalks rather elongated ; stalklets very
conspicuous, quite slender ; tube of the calyx nearly
hemispherical, hardly half as long as the lid ; anthers
nearly oval ; calycine portion of fruit semiglobular ;
border convex, protruding ; valves finally quite exserted,
nearly deltoid. " Red Gum-tree." E. rostrata.
1118. Umbels paniculated.
Finally tall ; bark persistent, rough ; leaves firm, somewhat
flexible, from ovate- to elongate-lanceolar, almost equi-
lateral, dark-green above ; secondary venules almost
pennular-approximated, subtle, nearly transversely
spreading, th6 circumferential venule almost contiguous
to the edge of the leaf ; umbels large -flowered ; stalklets
elongated ; lid short, tearing off on an irregular
transverse line ; filaments light-yellowish ; anthers ovate-
elliptical ; fruit large, ellipsoid -urnshaped, its border
compressed ; valves deeply enclosed ; fertile seeds large,
expanding into a short or narrow appendicular mem-
brane. "Blood wood-tree." E. corymbosa.
Umbels solitary ... 1119
1119. Umbel-stalk broadly compressed ; fruit hemiellipsoid.
Finally tall; bark persistent, dark, rough; leaves elongate or
broadish-lanceolar, slightly unilateral-curved, dark-green
above ; secondary venules almost pennular-approximated,
subtle, nearly transversely spreading ; stalklets of
flowers very short or obliterated ; calyx-lid nearly hemi-
spherical ; anthers almost oval ; fruit slightly angular, its
border compressed ; valves barely enclosed, quite short.
One of the " Mahogany-Eucalypts. " E. botryoides.
Umbel-stalk nearly cylindrical; fruit urnshaped-
ellipsoid.
Finally rather tall ; bark smooth, outside whitish ; leaves
from elongate- to broadish-lanceolar, shining, somewhat
unilaterally curved; secondary venules rather distant,
moderately spreading; umbels sometimes crowded; stalk-
lets conspicuous ; lid almost hemispheric, slightly over-
reaching the rim of the calyx, much shorter than the
tube ; anthers almost oval ; fruit longitudinally streaked,
its border compressed ; valves deeply enclosed. " Sugary
Gum-tree." E. corynocalyx.
Victorian Plants. 243
1120. Leaves of the adult plant very much longer than broad.
Finally very tall ; bark smooth, whitish outside ; leaves
very firm, from narrow- to elongate-lanceolar, unilaterally
much curved ; secondary venules rather distant, mode-
rately spreading ; flowers large, solitary or sometimes two
or three together ; stalks and stalklets almost none ; lid
double, the outer fugacious, the inner crown-shaped ;
anthers ovate -ellipsoid; fruit large, nearly hemispheric- or
obverse-pyramidal, angular, verrucular-rough, its border
broad, depressed ; valves three to six, emergent or
convergent, deltoid ; young seedlings bluish-white from a
mealy somewhat ceraceous bloom, their stem quad-
rangular ; their leaves opposite, sessile, from orbicular-
to ovate-cordate. Figure 59. "Blue Gum-tree."
E. Globulus.
Leaves of the adult plant from hardly longer than
broad to about twice as long.
Shrubby or scarcely arborescent ; leaves very firm, from
oblique-elliptical to 6rbicular, equally green and shining
on both sides; secondary venules rather distant and faint;
umbels capitular, solitary or the flowers singly axillary ;
stalks and stalklets none ; calyx verrucular-rough ; lid
irregularly semiovate or semiglobular ; anthers cordate ;
fruit rather large, hemispheric, its border broad, depressed,
flat or convex ; valves four to six, protruding, deltoid.
£. alpina.
BACK.HOUSXA.
1121. Calyx-lobes nearly equal.
Tall-shrubby or finally arborescent ; somewhat invested
with short soft greyish hairlets ; leaves opposite, on short
stalks, from almost ovate- to broad -lanceolar, always
acute, their secondary venules pennular-spreading; flowers
in cymes ; lobes of the calyx somewhat petaloid, from
ovate- to elliptic-lanceolar, considerably longer than the
almost orbicular petals ; fruit completely enclosed.
B. myrtifolia.
TRZSTANIA
1122. Petals yellow.
Tall-shrubby or finally arborescent ; somewhat invested
with very short hairlets ; leaves firm, scattered, from
narrow- to ovate-lanceolar, pellucidly dotted ; flowers
fragrant, several in each cyme or only three or two
together or occasionally quite solitary ; lobes of the calyx
from semiovate to deltoid, persistent, much shorter
than the tube ; sets of stamens about as long as the
petals ; fruit globular-ovate, exceptionally four-celled ;
valves exserted ; seeds compressed, cuneate-elliptical, the
embryonate seeds provided with a terminal oblique
appendicular membrane. T. lauriiia.
244 Key to the System of
IKEX.AZ.EUCA.
1123. Filaments crimson or purplish or lilac-colored ... 1124
Filaments whitish or yellowish ... 1128
1124. Leaves scattered.
From dwarf to rather tall, much beset with soft hairlets ;
leaves small, spreading, from ovate- to linear-lanceolar,
gradually pointed, lined by three longitudinal venules ;
lowers in terminal or infra- terminal headlets ; lobes of
the calyx deciduous ; connate part of stamens very short ;
filaments purplish or occasionally white ; fruits globular-
ovate, truncate. M. squamea.
Leaves opposite ~. 1125
1125. Leaves narrow in proportion to their length.
Hardly tall, soon glabrous ; leaves small, with broadish
base, sessile, mostly lanceolar-linear ; flowers few or two
or even solitary in each axil or forming leafy headlets ;
lobes of the calyx short, persistent ; connate parts of the
stamens about twice as long as the petals ; filaments red,
f ascicularly emanating ; fruits nearly semi-ovate, emersed.
Figure 57. M. Wilsoni.
Leaves broad in proportion to their length ... ... 1126
1126. Stamens elongated.
Tall-shrubby, glabrous ; leaves rather large, from lanceolar-
to ovate -elliptical, flat or at the margin recurved; carinular
venule prominent; flowers large, in infra- terminal spikes;
connate parts of the stamens much longer than the petals;
filaments crimson, elongated, f ascicularly emanating ;
fruits emersed. M. hypericif olia.
Stamens abbreviated ... ... ... ... ... 1127
1127. Leaves from oval to obovate.
Tall-shrubby, glabrous ; leaves quite small, spreading, from
elliptic to obovate, inflexed at the margin ; flowers small,
in headlets or short spikes, often infra-terminal ; connate
parts of stamens very short ; filaments lilac -purplish ;
fruits much sunk into the branchlets. M. gibbosa.
Leaves from narrow-elliptical to broad-linear.
Tall-shrubby or arborescent, glabrous; leaves small, spread-
ing, in four particularly close rows, at the margin
inflexed ; flowers small, in headlets or short spikes, often
infra-terminal ; connate parts of stamens very short ;
filaments lilac-purplish ; fruits much sunk into the
branchlets. M. decussata.
Victorian Plants. 245
1128. Leaves opposite 1129
Leaves scattered .. ... 1130
1129. Filaments white.
Tall-shrubby, glabrous ; leaves small, from narrow- to
broad-lanceolar, gradully recurved -pointed, somewhat
inflexed at the margin ; flowers in infra-terminal spikes
or some scattered ; lobes of the calyx blunt, persistent ;
connate portions of stamens slightly longer than the
petals ; filaments fascicularly emanating ; fruits globular-
ovate, truncate, emersed. M. acuminata.
Filaments pale-yellow.
From a large shrub to a small or seldom tall tree, often
somewhat beset with soft hairlets ; bark chartaceous-
lamellar, whitish or pale ; leaves small, spreading, from
cordate- to lanceolar-ovate, short-pointed, almost flat,
lined by five to seven longitudinal venules ; flowers
rather small, in terminal or soon infra-terminal spikes ;
connate parts of the stamens very short ; fruits emersed.
M. squarrosa.
1130. Filaments pale-yellow 1131
Filaments almost or quite white ... ... ... 1132
1131. Leaves elongated, recurved-pointed.
Finally from tall-shrubby to arborescent, almost glabrous ;
branches and branchlets hardly spreading; leaves acicular-
cylindrical, narrowly channelled, shining ; headlets of
flowers small, nearly globular ; fruits quite small, spheri-
cally crowded. Uff. uncinata.
Leaves abbreviated, blunt.
Finally from tall-shrubby to arborescent, chiefly maritime
and on wet ground, almost glabrous; leaves broadishly
linear-semicylindrical, slightly or hardly channelled,
often greyish-green, occasionally of a rather bluish hue,
frequently glandular-rough beneath ; flowers in small
occasionally somewhat leafy headlets or some scattered
or short-spiked : fruits emersed, hardly longer than broad
or shorter, their orifice ample, scarcely lobed.
M. pustulata.
246 Key to the System of
1132. Spikes short or capitular.
Finally from tall-shrubby to arborescent, chiefly paludal,
almost glabrous, often many-stemmed ; leaves short,
from narrow- to broad-linear, somewhat semi- cylindrical,
rather straight or slightly curved, hardly pointed, often
smooth ; fruits emersed, scarcely longer than broad or
shorter, their orifice ample, permanently lobed.
3YL ericifolia.
Spikes elongate-cylindrical ............ 1133
1133. Stamens twice or three times as long as the petals,
with fascicular-emanating filaments.
Finally 'from tall- shrubby to arborescent, chiefly maritime
and on dry ground, almost glabrous ; leaves rather short,
from linear- to narrow-lanceolar, almost flat or some-
what semi -cylindrical, recurved-spreading ; calyx-lobes
deciduous ; fruits emersed, lobeless, evidently longer than
broad, much contracted towards the orifice.
M. parviflora.
Stamens several or many times longer than the petals,
with pinnular-emanating filaments.
Finally from tall-shrubby to arborescent, almost glabrous ;
leaves rather long, from narrow- to broad-linear, recurved-
pointed, somewhat channelled ; calyx-lobes persistent ;
fruits emersed, somewhat broader than long, their orifice
ample, permanently lobed. M. armillaris.
1134. Filaments crimson ... ............ 1135
Filaments yellowish or pale-purplish... ... ... 1138
1135. Filaments comparatively short.
From shrubby to occasionally arborescent ; leaves chan-
nelled-linear, pungent ; anthers yellow.
C. brachyandrus.
Filaments quite long ... ... ... ... ... 1136
1136. Anthers yellow.
Shrub, moderately high ; leaves very rigid, usually narrow-
lanceolar, almost flat, beneath often glandular-rough ;
flowers crowded in the spikes. C. COCCiueus.
Anthers reddish-black ............ 1137
Victorian Plants. 247
1137. Leaves lanceolar, flat.
Finally tall-shrubby or occasionally arborescent ; leaves
hardly rigid ; the secondary venules pennular-spreading ;
flowers somewhat crowded in generally elongated spikes.
"Bottle-Brush." C. lanceolatus.
Leaves elongate-linear, channelled.
Shrub, finally tall ; leaves rigid ; flowers particularly large;
fruit-calyx conspicuously contracted at the summit.
C. linearis.
1138. Leaves from broadish to rather narrow, flat.
A shrub, finally tall except in the Alps, occasionally
reaching arboreous height ; leaves from broad-linear to
narrow-lanceolar ; filaments from much elongated to
rather abbreviated, yellowish or less commonly pale-
purplish ; anthers yellow. C. salignus.
Leaves always quite narrow, channelled.
From tall-shrubby to arborescent ; leaves acieular-linear,
pungent ; filaments rather short, yellowish ; anthers
yellow. C. pityoides,
1139. Fruit usually with more than five cells.
Finally from tall-shrubby to arborescent, chiefly maritime
and nearly glabrous; leaves firm, from obovate- to cuneate-
elliptical, flat, without lustre ; flowers generally rather
large ; calyx-lobes finally deciduous ; fruit almost flat-
topped or at the summit slightly convex, scarcely
hardening ; cells ten or less, rarely more, sometimes
reduced to as few as five or even only four ; fertile seeds
compressed, broadish, surrounded by a membranous ap-
pendage. "Sand-stay." L. laevigatum.
Fruit usually with five cells ......... ... 1140
1140. Leaves much pointed.
Finally tall-shrubby, nearly glabrous ; leaves from almost
acicular- to ovate-lanceolar, shining, marginally in-
curved ; flowers sessile; calyx-lobes deciduous; fruit
hard, quite convex at the summit ; valves much pro-
truding ; seeds all very narrow. 1. scoparium.
Leaves hardly pointed .. ......... 1141
248 Key to the System of
1141. Nearly glabrous.
Finally from tall-shrubby to almost arborescent ; leaves
from obovate- to narrow-elliptical, occasionally quite
narrow, often rather blunt and almost flat; flowers
sessile ; calyx-lobes deciduous ; petals white or sometimes
turning slightly yellowish ; fruit hard, quite convex at
the summit ; valves conspicuously protruding ; seeds all
very narrow. L. flavescens.
Beset with short hairlets 1142
1142. Vestiture mostly formed of soft soon spreading hairlets.
Finally from tall-shrubby to arborescent ; vestiture often
extensive ; leaves from obovate- to narrow-elliptical,
sometimes quite narrow, often rather acute and mar-
ginally somewhat recurved ; flowers sessile, not seldom
large ; fruit convex at the summit ; valves conspicuously
protruding ; seeds all very narrow. L. lanigerum.
Vestiture mostly formed of appressed shining hairlets 1143
1143. Flowers sessile.
Rather dwarf-shrubby, spreading ; leaves from spatular- to
lanceolar- and obovate -elliptical, recurved-spreading and
somewhat incurved at the margin ; tube of the calyx
much invested with silver-shining hairlets ; lobes very
short ; petals white or slightly pink.
L. myrsinoides.
Flowers short-stalked.
A shrub, finally tall ; leaves flat, from lanceolar- to linear-
elliptical, sometimes elongated ; flowers small, their
stalklets and calyces somewhat invested with shining-
grey hairlets ; fruit only slightly hardening ; valves
almost enclosed. L. attenuatum.
K.UNZEA.
1144. Petals and filaments white 1145
Petals and filaments yellow or lilac-purplish ... 1147
1145. Flowers on conspicuous stalklets.
From tall-shrubby to finally arborescent, generally glabrous;
leaves linear- or elliptic-lanceolar ; flowers small7 solitary
or two or three together or in corymbs ; fruit from three-
to five-celled, almost dry. X. peduncularis.
Flowers sessile or on very short stalklets ... ... 1146
Victorian Plants. 249
1146. Fruit almost dry.
Finally tall, generally maritime, almost glabrous or somewhat
beset with short greyish hairlets ; leaves from linear- to
narrow-lanceolar, concave, often fasciculated ; flowers
crowded along the leafy branchlets ; fruit three-celled.
K. corifolia.
Fruit quite succulent.
Prostrate, mostly maritime ; leaves from cordate- to ovate-
orbicular; flowers in terminal headlets; fruit ("Muntries")
comparatively large, three-celled, almost globular.
K. pomifera.
1147. Petals and filaments yellow.
. From dwarf to rather tall, always alpine, beset with short
hairlets; leaves very small, mostly semicylindrical-linear,
somewhat channelled ; flowers sessile, mostly crowded
into headlets ; fruit two- or three-celled, almost dry.
K, Mueller i.
Petals and filaments lilac-purplish ... ... ... 1148
1148. Fruit-calyx somewhat beset with short hairlets, its
tube hardly longer than broad.
Shrubby, from quite dwarf to tall ; leaves minute, mostly
from linear- to narrow-elliptical, occasionally rather
channelled ; headlets of flowers small, terminal ; fruit
three-celled, almost dry, finally lateral.
K, parvifolia.
Fruit-calyx densely beset with long hairlets, its tube
fully twice as long as broad.
Shrubby, from dwarf to tall ; leaves rather small, mostly
from obovate- to narrow-elliptical ; headlets of flowers
terminal ; hairlets of the calyx soft and spreading ; fruit
three-celled, almost dry, finally lateral. K. capitata.
BAECKEA.
1149. Imperfectly shrubby, often prostrate.
Usually like all the other Victorian species glabrous ;
leaves rather small, flat, from linear- to elliptic-lanceolar;
flowers rather large, solitary, each 011 a conspicuous stalk
and stalklet ; bracteoles remote from the calyx, long-
persistent ; petals white or somewhat pink ; stamens ten
or rarely five ; fruit depressed-globular, three- celled ;
valves exserted. B. diffusa.
Perfectly shrubby, often erect 1150
250 Key to the System of
1150. Leaves hooked-pointed.
Shrub, finally tall ; branchlets slender ; leaves rather long,
very narrow, linear-cylindrical, slightly channelled,
hardly spreading ; flowers small, generally solitary, their
stalk about as long as the stalklet ; petals white ; stamens
eight to fifteen ; fruit three-celled. B. Behrii.
Leaves pointless or straight-pointed ... ... ... 1151
1151. Leaves elongated ... ... ... ... ... 1152
Leaves abbreviated ... ... ... ... ... 1154
1152. Leaves very narrow.
A rather tall shrub ; branchlets slender ; leaves narrowly
semicylindric-linear, straight-pointed ; flowers always
solitary, small, on short stalklets ; petals white ; fruit
two- celled. B. liiiifolia.
Leaves broadish ... ... ... ... ... 1153
1153. Leaves entire.
A shrub, finally tall or even somewhat arborescent, but
flowering already in a dwarf state ; leaves flat or slightly
recurved at the margin, from linear- to elliptic-lanceolar ;
flowers in pedunculate umbels, from two to nine in each ;
petals white ; stamens eight to fifteen ; fruit three-celled.
B. virgata.
Leaves crenulated.
Finally rather tall ; leaves flat, spreading, from obovate
and elliptical to almost orbicular ; flowers on very con-
spicuous stalks and stalklets, three or two together,
seldom solitary ; petals white ; stamens ten to fifteen ;
fruit three-celled. B. ereiiatifolia.
1154. Leaves almost flat.
A slender, glabrous shrub ; leaves quite small, from oval- to
lanceolar-elliptical ; flowers on very short stalklets or
sessile, solitary or two or three together ; flowers small ;
petals white ; stamens usually fifteen ; fruit three-celled.
B. camphorata.
Leaves trigonous or very turgid ... ... ... 1155
Victorian Plants. 251
1155. Leaves indistinctly angular.
A rather dwarf desert- shrub ; leaves usually minute, from
obovate- to narrow- ellipsoid, particularly turgid beneath;
flowers quite small, on very short stalklets, always
solitary ; bracteoles broadish, fugacious ; petals white ;
stamens ten, rarely more ; fruit three-celled.
B. crassifolia.
Leaves distinctly angular ... ... ... 1156
1156. Stamens fifteen, five strictly opposite to the petals.
A small shrub ; leaves very short, often minute, from semi-
cylindric to ellipsoid, blunt ; flowers sessile, always
solitary, very small ; bracteoles broadish ; petals white
or somewhat reddish ; fruit three-celled. B. ericaea.
Stamens ten or less, none strictly opposite to the
petals.
Alpine shrub, finally quite tall; leaves small, of pleasant
odor, from linear- to lanceolar- or even obovate-trigonous;
flowers very small, always solitary, on short stalklets ;
bracteoles narrow, fugacious ; petals white ; stamens
sometime reduced to five or even four ; fruit two -celled,
B. Cruimiana.
DAB.WXNXA.
1157. Lobes of calyx broadish, rounded-blunt.
A straggling shrub, rarely somewhat arborescent, glabrous ;
leaves small, mostly opposite, triangulate-linear, acute,
somewhat compressed, slightly curved ; flowers two to
four together, mostly terminal, almost sessile ; bracteoles
acute, rather longer than the calyx ; tube of the calyx
five-furrowed, also transversely wrinkled ; petals very
small, whitish or reddish ; style long-exserted, below the
stigma beset with minute hairlets. D. taxifolia.
Lobes of calyx narrow, bristly-pointed.
A straggling shrub, quite glabrous ; leaves small, opposite,
narrowly triangulate-linear, rather acute or almost blunt,
somewhat curved and compressed ; flowers on short
stalklets, axillary at the summit of branchlets ; bracteoles
blunt, rather shorter than the calyx, fugacious ; tube of
the calyx five-furrowed, also transversely wrinkled ;
petals very small , whitish or reddish, transparent, shorter
than the calyx-lobes ; style long-exserted, below the
stigma beset with minute hairlets. D. virgata.
252 Key to the System of
THRYFTOMENE.
1158. Leaves from oval- to cuneate-elliptical, almost flat.
A glabrous shrub, finally rather tall ; leaves small ; flowers
on short stalklets, axillary at and near the summit of
branchlets, often solitary ; bracteoles fugacious ; tube of
the calyx quite broad, compressed, almost smooth ; lobes
of the calyx longer than the petals ; stamens five.
Figure 56. T. Mitchelliana.
Leaves linear- or elliptic-trigonous ... ... ... 1159
1159. Calyx-tube ten-streaked in age.
A small glabrous shrub; leaves very small, linear- trigonous;
flowers quite small, on very short stalklets, axillary at
and near the summit of branchlets; calyx-tube semiovate-
cylindrical ; calyx-lobes longer than the petals ; stamens
five. T. ericaea.
Calyx-tube five-furrowed in age.
A small shrub ; leaves very small, from linear- to elliptic-
trigonous, generally ciliolated ; flowers small, sessile,
axillary at and near the summit of branchlets ; tube of
the calyx broadish ; lobes shorter than the petals ;
stamens five. T. ciliata.
X.HOTZXLYA.
1160. Calyx-tube cylindrical.
Generally beset with short hairlets ; leaves spreading, very
short, semicylindric-linear, somewhat keeled ; flowers
small, crowded between leaves at and near the summit
of the branchlets ; bracteoles connate to near the middle;
petals white, but often also with reddish tinge ; fruit-
calyx longitudinally five-lined. L. genetylloides.
CAX.YCOTHRXX.
1161. Calyx-lobes ending in a very short bristlet.
Rather glabrous ; leaves very short, triangulate -linear ;
flowers small, capitularly or spicately crowded between
leaves at and towards the summit of the branchlets;
bracteoles connate towards the base ; tube of the calyx
comparatively short, attenuated into the summit and
base ; lobes hardly overlapping ; petals white, often with
reddish tinge. C. Sullivani.
Victorian Plants. 253
Calyx-lobes ending in a long bristlet.
Leaves generally almost triangulate- or quadrangulate-
linear ; flowers crowded between leaves at and towards
the summit of the branchlets ; bracteoles almost discon-
nected ; tube of the calyx rather long, turgid up to the
summit ; lobes overlapping ; petals whitish or somewhat
reddish or sometimes slightly yellowish.
C. tetragona.
SALICARIEAE.
X.1TTHRUBX.
1162. Tall, flowers large.
Perennial, here usually much beset with hairlets ; leaves
large, opposite or ternately or quaternately whorled, from
a somewhat clasping base elongate -lanceolar ; flowers
cymosely whorled, forming leafy spikes ; petals six,
purplish-red when fresh ; stamens generally twelve,
alternately longer and shorter, but as well as the style
variable in length. L. Salicaria.
Dwarf, flowers small.
Annual or of short duration, usually glabrous ; leaves
small, the upper scattered, from broad-linear to oval-
elliptical; flowers small, axillary, mostly solitary; stamens
six or less. L. Kyssopifolia.
ATCBXANNXA.
1163. Flowers in small cymes.
Humble, glabrous, annual ; leaves small, opposite, from
linear- to oval -elliptical, dilated and clasping at the base ;
flowers very small ; petals four, minute ; stamens usually
four ; fruit globular, extremely small. A. multiflora.
ONAGREAE.
BPILOBIUM.
1164. Stamens and style shorter than the petals ; stigma
club-shaped.
Erect or ascending herb, often beset with hairlets ; leaves
opposite or scattered, mostly from oval- to linear-elliptical
and somewhat denticulated; flowers axillary and terminal,
solitary ; lobes of the calyx connate towards their base ;
petals bilobed, pink or pale ; stamens almost straight ;
fruit filiform-cylindrical ; tuft of hairlets several times
longer than the seeds.
(E. tetragonum, partly.) E. glabellum.
254 Key to the System of
JUSSIETTA.
1165. Semi-aquatic or floating.
Glabrous or beset with soft hairlets aud bearing cellular
natatory organs ; stipules glandule-shaped ; leaves from
obovate- to elliptical-lanceolar, narrowed into their stalk;
flowers comparatively large, axillary, solitary, conspicu-
ously stalked ; petals five, quite yellow ; stamens ten ;
fruit cylindrical. (J. repens, partly.) J. diffusa.
COLLETIA.
1166. Branchlets articularly inserted on the branches.
Usually a low shrub, glabrous or beset with very short
hairlets ; branches smooth, for a long while greenish ;
branchlets rather robust, cylindrical, pungent ; leaves
scantily developed, but then crowded into clusters, small,
from broad -linear and cuneate to elliptical ; flowers
axillary, few together or solitary, on short stalklets ;
calyx white ; petals present, but minute ; fruit bluntly
somewhat trilobed. C. pubescens.
CRYPTANDRA.
1167. Calyx comparatively small or quite minute ... 116$
Calyx comparatively large ... ... ... ... 1174
1168. Flowers densely crowded ... ... ... ... 1169
Flowers hardly crowded ... ... ... ... 1172
1169. Leaves from linear to elliptical 1170
Leaves from ovate or orbicular to cuneate-obcordate 1171
1170. Clusters of flowers stalked.
Vestiture to some extent velvet-like ; leaves firm, mostly
from linear to elliptical, revolute at the margin, some-
what pointed, above glabrous or somewhat beset with
hairlets ; floral leaves often velvety-whitish above from
short hairlets ; flower-clusters stalked, small ; fruitlets
indehiscent, their endocarp membranous.
C. vexillifera.
Victorian Plants. 255
Clusters of flowers sessile.
Vestiture extensively velvet-like ; leaves from linear to
elliptical, revolute at the margin; upper stipules relatively
large ; flower-clusters head-like crowded, usually sup-
ported by a single floral leaf ; endocarp of f ruitlets
membranous. C. Sllbochreata.
.1171. Leaves from ovate to orbicular, lobeless.
Finally tall, much beset with soft hairlets; leaves often
large, always much wrinkled, somewhat wavy at the
margin ; floral leaves roundish, velvety- whitish also
above ; flower-clusters forming leafy cymes ; f ruitlets
indehiscent. C. Hookeri.
Leaves cuneate-obcordate, short-trilobed at the upper
end.
Prostrate ; leaves always small, hardly wrinkled, their
lobes sometimes indented or the middle lobe wanting ;
flower-clusters arranged in leafy cymes ; floral leaves
velvety-whitish above ; endocarp of fruitlets membranous.
C. obcordata.
1172. Flowers in cymes.
Finally tall, ; vestiture thin, velvet-like ; leaves linear,
spreading, revolute at the margin, glabrous above ;
flowers few in each cyme ; bracts persistent, lanceolar,
pointed. C. D'Altoiii.
Flowers in clusters or leafy spikes ... ... ... 1173
1173. Lobes of the calyx shorter than the tube.
Nearly glabrous ; branchlets often spinescent ; leaves small,
usually from narrow-elliptical to roundish-ovate, some-
what recurved at the margin or almost flat ; flowers
arranged in short leafy spikes ; calyx much longer than
the roundish bracts, with a thinly velvet-like vestiture
outside ; fruitlets longitudinally dehiscent.
C. aniara.
Lobes of the calyx as long as the tube.
Much beset with very short hairlets ; branchlets hardly
spinescent ; leaves very small, recurved at the margin,
usually blunt; flowers quite small, crowded into clusters;
bracts nearly as long as the calyx ; fruitlets longitudinally
dehiscent. C. tonientosa.
•256 Key to the System of
1174. Leaves narrow, at the margin re volute.
Branchlets somewhat spinescent ; leaves very small, much
clustered ; flowers crowded at the end of branchlets ;
calyx with silk-like vestiture outside, its lobes as long as
the tube ; bracts almost rhomboid. C. propinqua.
Leaves broadish, at the margin somewhat recurved
or flat 1175
1175. Leaves lanceolar.
Leaves rather large, above smooth and very shining,
beneath densely beset with short grey hairlets, the
lateral venules concealed ; flowers crowded into dense
sessile headlets, only moderately large ; bracts almost
oval ; calyx enveloped in white intricate hairlets, the
lobes much shorter than the tube; fruitlets longitudinally
dehiscent. C. Scortechinii.
Leaves from obcordate to spatular-ovate.
Leaves densely invested underneath with shining hairlets ;
floral leaves velvety-whitish above ; flowers numerously
crowded at the summit of the branchlets ; bracts from
orbicular to lanceolar, pointed ; calyx with a somewhat
silk-like vestiture outside, the tube elongated, the lobes
much shorter than the tube ; fruitlets longitudinally
dehiscent. C. leucophracta.
FOITCADERRIS.
1176. Flowers with petals 1177
Flowers without petals .. ... ... ... 1180
1177. Panicles large 1178
Panicles small ... ... ... ... ... 1179
1178. Vestiture thick, usually present also on the upper
side of the leaves.
Finally tall ; leaves large, from elliptic or lanceolar to
ovate, flat, entire, generally brownish underneath ; calyx
yellowish inside ; style three-cleft ; fruitlets enclosed to
the middle, opening by a rather large roundish aperture.
F. lanigera.
Victorian Plants. 257
Vestiture thin, usually absent from the upper side
of the leaves.
Finally arborescent ; leaves large, from elliptical-lanceolar
to ovate, almost or quite flat, entire, generally whitish or
greyish underneath ; calyx quite small, yellowish inside ;
anthers in succession touching the stigmas ; style three-
cleft ; fruitlets enclosed to the middle, opening by a
rather large lid. P. elliptica.
1179. Leaves from ovate to nearly orbicular.
Finally rather tall or even somewhat arborescent ; leaves
small, entire, flat, underneath thinly invested with
whitish or greyish hairlets ; fruitlets enclosed only
towards the base, opening marginally.
F. vacciuifolia.
Leaves from narrow-elliptical to nearly oval.
Rather low in stature ; leaves small, entire, almost flat,
underneath invested with whitish shining hairlets ;
flowers only few in each cyme ; fruitlets only enclosed
towards the base, opening marginally. P. ledifolia.
1180. Leaves entire or at the summit two-lobed ... ... 1181
Leaves all around but irregularly denticulated ... 1186
1181. Leaves two-lobed at the summit.
Dwarf ; leaves small, almost wedge-shaped, the lobes entire
or denticulated; umbels crowded; anthers almost cordate;
fruitlets enclosed to the middle, opening by a longitudinal
slit. Figure 61. P. obcordata.
Leaves quite entire ... ... ... ... ... 1182
1182. Pruitlets opening by a slit or roundish aperture ... 1183
Fruitlets opening marginally... ... ... ... 1185
1183. Flowers capitular-crowded.
Finally rather tall ; vestiture thick, brownish ; leaves rather
small, from ovate or somewhat rhomboid to orbicular ;
headlets of flowers short-stalked, surrounded by broadish
bracts ; calyx pale-yellowish ; fruitlets opening by a slit.
P, betulina.
Flowers paniculated ... ... ... ... ... 1184
258 Key to the System of
1184. Vestiture without any lustre.
Finally rather tall or even somewhat arborescent ; vestiture
thin, greyish or whitish ; leaves from elliptic to ovate,
flat, almost smooth above; panicles comparatively ample;
fruitlets opening by a large lid. P. cinerea.
Vestiture very shining.
Finally rather tall ; vestiture grey-brownish, dense ; leaves
ovate-lanceolar, flat, smooth above ; panicles compara-
tively long ; fruitlets opening by a large lid, enclosed to
the middle. P. ligustrina.
1185. Leaves from obcordate- to obovate-orbicular.
Bather tall ; vestiture thin, greyish or whitish ; leaves very
small, flat; flowers few or only two together or even
solitary ; fruitlets much exserted. P. elachophylla.
Leaves from linear- to narrow-elliptical.
Never tall ; vestiture greyish, partly spreading; leaves
quite small, re volute at the margin ; flowers few together,
very small; fruitlets much exserted.
P. phylicifolia.
1186. Leaves and panicles relatively large.
Finally very tall and often arboreous; vestiture greyish
or brownish; leaves from lanceolar to almost ovate but
nearly always acute, usually flat ; calyx-lobes for a long
while persistent ; fruitlets enclosed to the middle,
opening tardily by a rather small aperture.
P. apetala.
Leaves and panicles relatively small 1187
1187. Leaves much wrinkled above.
Finally tall and even somewhat arborescent; vestiture short,
greyish ; leaves from almost elliptical to ovate ; flowers
quite small ; fruitlets much exserted, opening tardily by
a large lid. P. subrepanda.
Leaves slightly wrinkled above ... ... ... 1188
1188. Panicles formed of almost capitular umbels.
Rather tall ; vestiture short, close ; leaves from lanceolar
to elliptical-ovate ; fruitlets high-enclosed, opening by a
rather large lid. P. primifblia.
Victorian Plants. 259
Panicles raceme-like.
Never very tall, often maritime ; vestiture often brownish,
dense ; leaves from ovate to orbicular ; calyx rather large,
with persistent lobes ; fruitlets at least half-enclosed,
opening by a large membranous deciduous lid.
F. racemosa.
VINIFERAE.
VXTZS.
1189. Leaves simple.
Evergreen, finally tall ; young branchlets and inflorescence
much beset with soft brown hairlets ; leaves from almost
ovate to nearly cordate, pointed, conspicuously denticu-
lated except towards the base ; cymes of umbels or
fascicles opposite to leaves ; petals four, disconnected ;
berries globular, black outside. V. Baudiniana.
Leaves compound.
Evergreen, finally almost arborescent ; young branchlets
beset with brown hairlets ; leaflets usually five, on
separate stalklets, firm, glabrous, from almost lanceolar
to nearly ovate, always pointed, hardly denticulated,
greyish-pale beneath, their ultimate venules closely
reticulated ; tendrils simple or double ; cymes of umbels
or fascicles ample, opposite to leaves ; petals four,
yellowish, disconnected ; berries rather large, globular,
bluish-black outside. "Native Grape."
V. hypoglauca.
X.OUDONXA.
1190. Petals normally two.
Slender, glabrous, the whole plant assuming often a
yellowish or somewhat bluish tinge ; leaves rather small,
mostly distant ; flowers in panicles ; calyx expanded into
two longitudinal membranes ; petals yellow ; stamens
usually four ; styles generally two ; fruit biangular or
rarely triangular, the membranous edges conspicuous.
Ii. Behrii.
1191. All leaves entire" ............... 1192
Submerged leaves capillary-pinnatisected ... ... 1194
260 Key to the System of
1192. Leaves scattered.
Dwarf; leaves very small, linear-cylindrical; flowers minute;
stamens two to four ; hairlets of stigmas very minute ;
fruit-calyx lobeless ; fruitlets four, generally smooth.
M. integrifoliuni.
Leaves opposite ... ... ... ... ... 1193
1193. Leaves from broad- to narrow-linear.
Dwarf ; leaves small ; staminate flowers generally stalked ;
stamens eight; hairlets of stigmas rather long; fruit-calyx
short-fourlobed ; fruitlets four, rough.
M. pedunculatum.
Leaves from oval to narrow-elliptical.
Mostly creeping and semi-aquatic ; leaves very small, rarely
trilobed ; staminate flowers generally sessile ; stamens
eight ; fruit-calyx short-fourlobed ; fruitlets four, smooth.
M. amphibium.
1194. Emerging leaves entire ... ... ... ... 1195
All leaves capillary-pinnatisected ... ... ... 1196
1195. Emerging leaves filiform-linear.
Stems and branches usually elongated ; leaves whorled,
lower submerged leaves divided into long capillary
segments, the upper gradually short-lobed or merely
denticulated ; stamens eight ; fruitlets four, often rough.
M. variifolium.
Emerging leaves from oval to narrow-elliptical.
Stems and branches usually elongated ; leaves whorled,
the submerged leaves nearly all divided into long capillary
segments ; stamens eight ; fruitlets four, often smooth.
M. elatinoides.
1196. Leaves whorled.
Stems and branches rather short ; leaves comparatively
small, often greyish-green ; emerged leaves oval in outline,
pinnatifid ; stamens eight ; fruitlets four, very small,
rough. M. verrucosum.
Leaves nearly all simply opposite.
Stems and branches elongated, dotted ; some of the leaves
not seldom ternately whorled ; staminate flowers stalked,
supported by a conspicuous petaloid marginally converging
bract ; stamens eight ; fruitlets four, smooth.
M. Muelleri.
Victorian Plants. 261
HAXiORAGrXS.
1197. Calyx-lobes, petals and pistils constantly two.
Semi-aquatic, glabrous herb ; leaves scattered, pinnatisected,
their lobes or segments very narrow, some occasionally
again divided ; flowers axillary, solitary or two or few
together, very small ; stamens four .; fruit in its entirety
almost compressed- ovate, somewhat pointed, consisting
of two connate fruitlets.
(Meionectes Brownii. ) H. Meionectes,
Calyx-lobes, petals and pistils four or seldom three
or two 1198
1198. Fruit of spongy texture.
A sub- alpine somewhat woody plant, comparatively tall ;
leaves all opposite, rather large, flat, mostly lanceolar,
serrulated ; two of the calyx-lobes deltoid, the two other
truncate-rhomboid ; fruit comparatively large, expanding
into four lateral membranes. H. Baenerleni.
Fruit solid 1199
1199. Petals almost white, relatively long.
Glabrous plant, comparatively tall ; leaves mostly opposite,
generally linear-laiiceolar, hardly denticulated ; floral
leaves also opposite ; flowers solitary or two together at
each floral leaf ; petals gradually pointed ; stigmas four,
smooth ; fruit rather large, somewhat quadrangular,
usually one-seeded. H. mouosperma.
Petals colored, relatively short ... ... 1200
1200. Fruit at the base and at the summit enlarged by
four tooth-like spreading excrescences.
Somewhat invested with short soft hairlets ; leaves mostly
scattered, generally lanceolar, conspicuously denticulated;
flowers clustered within each bract ; stigmas slightly
bearded ; fruit large, quadrangular, the angles protruding
at top and bottom. Figure 55. H. odontocarpa.
Fruit without any regular conspicuous tooth-like
excrescences at either base or summit ... ... 1201
1201. Leaves partly or mostly long- and narrow-lobed.
Weak slender herb, seldom tall, almost smooth ; stem
generally unbranched ; leaves scattered, the lower pro-
ducing three to five narrow lobes, the upper linear and
262 Key to the System of
often entire; racemes spike-like ; calyx-lobes longer than
broad ; stigmas conspicuously beset with short hairlets ;
fruit rather small, roundish-quadrangular, almost smooth
or slightly rough, broadest at the base.
H. heterophylla.
Leaves lobeless 1202
1202. Leaves semicylindric-linear, carnulent, entire.
Glabrous ; leaves scattered, pointed ; flowers forming leafy
racemes, usually clustered within each floral leaf ; stigmas
almost glabrous, as well as the fruit-cells from two to
four; fruit ovate -globular or somewhat quadrangular,
slightly wrinkled or smooth. H. digyiia.
Leaves flat or recurved at the margin, generally
denticulated ... ... 1203
1203. Leaves narrow, recurved along the margin.
Beset with spreading soft hairlets ; leaves mostly scattered,
usually rather long, broad- or lanceolate-linear, entire or
somewhat denticulated ; stigmas beset with minute hair-
lets ; fruit tubercular-rough, longer than broad.
H. elata.
Leaves broadish, flat 1204
1204. Almost or quite erect 1205
Prostrate and somewhat ascending ... ... ... 1207
1205. Fruit rather large.
Almost smooth or somewhat rough, rather rigid, slightly
beset with hairlets ; leaves from broad- to narrow -
lanceolar, often of greyish hue, hardly paler beneath,
the lower opposite, the upper scattered, distinctly or
imperfectly serrated or denticulated or nearly entire ;
flowers one or more in the axil of each floral leaf or
bract ; lobes of the calyx considerably longer than
broad ; stigmas beset with minute hairlets ; fruit rather
large, nearly globular or somewhat quadrangular, often
tubercular-rough. H- aspera.
Fruit very small 1206
1206. Leaves from ovate- to narrow-lanceolar.
Beset with rather rigid hairlets ; leaves mostly opposite,
rather short, serrulated ; bracts scattered; flowers soli-
tary within each bract; fruit pale, globular-quadrangular,
wrinkled and rough, not seldom one-seeded.
H. tetragyna.
Victorian Plants. 263
Leaves from ovate- to orbicular-cordate.
Beset with rather rigid hairlets ; leaves mostly opposite,
rather short, serrulated ; bracts scattered ; flowers soli-
tary within each bract; fruit pale, globular-quadrangular,
wrinkled and rough. H. teucrioides.
1207. Bracts mostly leaf-like.
Alpine ; slightly rough ; leaves mostly opposite, rather
short, almost sessile, from lanceolar- to cordate-ovate,
serrulated ; bracts opposite or scattered ; flowers solitary,
sessile within each bract ; stigmas beset with minute
hairlets; fruit very small, pale, globular-ovate, faintly
eight-streaked, otherwise smooth. H. depressa.
Bracts minute.
Glabrous ; leaves mostly opposite, orbicular-cordate, closely
serrulated ; flowers solitary within each bract, very
small ; stigmas beset with very minute soon evanescent
hairlets ; fruit quite minute, pale, globular, streaked by
eight longitudinal prominent lines, otherwise smooth.
H. micrantha.
CAX.X.XTRXCHX:.
1208. Mostly submerged.
Upper or rarely all leaves from spatular to obovate, lower
leaves linear ; stamen through absence of calyx basal
(hypogynous) ; bracteoles curved ; styles when short
remaining erect, when long much reflexed ; fruitlets very
small, broadly or narrowly margined, connate towards
their inner angle. C. verna.
Mostly creeping.
Leaves all nearly rhomboid ; stamen through absence of
calyx basal; styles short, erect; fruitlets four, very small,
towards their inner angle connate into an obcordate-
orbicular fruit, membraiiously margined.
C. Muelleri.
CERATOPHYLLUIVX.
1209. Segments of leaves sharply denticulated.
Stems and branches elongated ; flowers axillary, solitary,
sessile, the staminate and pistillate flowers distinct, but
on the same plant ; stamens through absence of calyx
basal, without any conspicuous filaments ; fruit often
armed with two almost basal prickles or short ex-
crescences ; cotyledons deeply bilobed.
C. demersum.
264 Key to the System of
ASTROTRXOKA.
1210. Leaves from broad-linear to almost narrow-elliptical.
Vestiture short and dense, often greyish or somewhat
brownish ; leaves generally blunt, at the margin revolute,
above glabrescent, but rough ; umbels paniculated ; vesti-
ture extending also to the outer side of the petals ; fruit
small. A. ledifolia.
FANAX.
1211. Leaflets obliquely elliptic-lanceolar, equally green and
shining on both sides.
Finally tall, almost of palm-like stature; stem straight,
only near the summit branched and never extensively so ;
leaves always simply pinnate; leaflets of rather thin
texture ; umbels racemous-paniculate ; fruit bluish.
P. Murray!.
Leaflets from ovate-lanceolar to almost linear, often
dull-grey underneath.
Shrub, finally arborescent, constantly glabrous ; leaves
simply or compound -pinnate ; leaflets entire or den-
ticulated or variously lobed, of rather firm texture ;
venules much concealed ; umbels irregularly paniculate ;
fruit bluish-white. Figure 52. P. sambucifolius.
UIMBELLIFERAE.
ACTINOTUS.
1212. Bracts large, very much longer than the umbel.
Closely invested with crisped hairlets ; leaves rather large,
cleft into several narrow lobes or segments, at last almost
glabrous above ; umbels on long stalks ; bracts petal-like,
radiating around the umbels, velvety -white ; flowers
densely crowded, the outer staminate only ; petals absent.
A. Heliauthi.
Bracts small, scarcely longer than the umbel.
Slender, slightly beset with hairlets ; leaves rather small,
usually cleft into three somewhat lobed segments ; umbels
on very short stalks ; flowers nearly all staminate and
pistillate ; petals absent ; fruit often densely ciliolated.
A. Gibbonsii.
Victorian Plants. 265
CRANTZIA.
1213. Articulation of leaves conspicuous.
Stem hardly rising from the ground ; leaves somewhat
hollow ; stalks of the umbels generally much shorter than
the leaves ; flowers very small ; fruit rather turgid.
C. lineata.
ACIPHYLLA.
1214. Leaves elongate-linear, blunt, undivided.
Slender alpine plant ; leaves mostly basal, somewhat
channelled, finely streaked ; fruitlets rather large, dorsally
convex ; umbellules few to each umbel. Figure 63.
A. simplicifolia.
Leaves dissected into broad-linear pungent segments.
Robust alpine plant ; leaves large, mostly basal, bi- or
tri-pinnate, their segments only slightly spreading, some-
what channelled, finely streaked, very shining ; fruit-
lets dorsally convex ; umbellules many to each umbel.
A. glacialis.
HUANACA.
1215. Glabrous or slightly beset with hairlets.
Humble alpine plant ; leaves on comparatively long stalks,
from ovate-orbicular to cordate, entire ; umbel solitary ;
length of fruitlets but little exceeding their breadth ;
oil-ducts (vittae) none. H. liyclrocotylea.
1216. Creeping.
Glabrous alpine herb ; leaves from orbicular- to renate-
cordate, bluntly lobed and crenate ; umbels sessile or
short-stalked, capitular ; calyx-lobes about half as long
as the petals, acute ; petals minute, greenish ; fruitlets
dorsally somewhat compressed. A. Mtielleri.
Tufted ............ ...... 1217
1217. Calyx lobes much smaller than the petals, almost
obliterated.
Glabrous alpine herb ; leaves radical, shining, wedge-
shaped, short-lobed or indented at the summit, downward
narrowed into long stalks ; umbels few-flowered or still
more reduced, somewhat paniculate ; petals conspicuous,
white ; fruitlets dorsally quite convex.
A. cuneifolia.
266 Key to the System of
Calyx-lobes white, as large as the petals.
Alpine herb, much beset with spreading hairlets ; leaves
basal, from rhomboidal- to cordate-orbicular, short-lobed
and somewhat crenate ; flowers irregularly umbellate and
somewhat paniculate ; calyx-lobes almost alike to the
petals and along with them deciduous ; fruitlets narrowly
coherent, dorsally hardly convex ; terminal disk broadish.
A. dichopetala.
OREOHXirRRHXS.
1218. Erect.
Hardly or slightly branched ; leaves comparatively large,
much beset with hairlets, their segments numerous and
repeatedly divided ; umbel-stalks often much elongated ;
stalklets not rarely beset with ah appressed vestiture ;
petals minute, white, tinged with red ; fruit rather
turgid, contracted upwards. O. aiidicola.
Prostrate.
Cushion-shaped ; leaves comparatively small, glabrous,
with simple or bi- or tri-fid segments ; umbels few-
flowered, on very short stalks ; anthers dark-red; fruits
always much shorter than the stalklets.
O. pulvinifica.
HYDKOCOTYLE.
1219. Leaves centrifixed.
Perennial, creeping, semiaquatic or floating, of deleterious
properties ; leaves fixed at the centre to their stalk,
orbicular, lobeless, somewhat crenulated ; umbels capitu-
lar and solitary or additionally one to three whorls
of flowers below ; petals minute, pink ; fruitlets quite
compressed. H. vulgaris.
Leaves quite or nearly basifixed 1220
1220. Perennial ... 1221
Annual ... ... ... ... ... ... 1226
1221. Leaves almost or quite entire.
Stem creeping and rooting ; leaves from cordate- to renate-
orbicular, entire or waved-sinuous, occasionally somewhat
denticulated ; umbels capitular, few-flowered or reduced
sometimes even to two flowers ; fruitlets rather large,
considerably compressed. H. Asiatica.
Leaves crenate or lobed 1222
Victorian Plants. 267
1222. Petals white.
Diffuse, lax, almost glabrous ; leaves rather large, deeply
divided into three to seven almost lanceolar denticulated
or lobed segments ; lower leaves suprabasal-stalked ;
umbels many-flowered ; stalklets rather long ; fruitlets
much compressed, their dorsal angle expanded.
H. geranifolia.
Petals greenish or yellowish ... ... ... .. 1223
1223. Leaves lobed to near the base.
Almost glabrous, generally prostrate ; stems very thin ;
leaves quite small, cleft nearly to the base into three or
five wedge-shaped segments, each of the latter denticu-
lated along the summit ; umbels capitular, few-flowered ;
fruitlets minute, somewhat turgid. H. tripartita.
Leaves short-lobed or only crenate ... ... ... 1224
1224. Flowers very numerous in each umbel.
Rather robust, beset with soft hairlets ; leaves cordate-
orbicular, with short blunt and crenate lobes ; umbels of
mainly staminate plants containing flowers with long
stalklets ; umbels of mainly pistillate plants capitular,
the petals of the latter dropping coherently ; fruitlets
nearly truncate, smooth.
(H. laxiflora and H. densiflora. ) H. Canclollei.
Flowers few or several in each umbel. ... ... 1225
1225. Dorsal angle of fruitlets unexpanded.
Creeping, beset with soft hairlets ; leaves from cordate- to
renate-orbicular, blunt- and short-lobed and also crenate ;
umbels capitular; fruitlets quite small, somewhat com-
pressed, slightly angular, smooth. H. hirta.
Dorsal angle of fruitlets broadly expanded.
Creeping, almost glabrous ; leaves from cordate- to renate-
orbicular, slightly lobed and somewhat crenate ; leaf -stalks
often of considerable length ; umbels capitular ; united
fruitlets broader than long. H. pterocarpa.
1226. Majority of leaves divided to near the base.
Small and sometimes very much reduced in size, nearly
glabrous ; leaves mostly divided into three wedge-shaped
somewhat denticulated lobes or segments ; umbels capitu-
lar ; fruitlets with three rather prominent angles and on
each side with a solitary groove, but without any foveoles
and wrinkles. H. callicarpa.
268 Key to the System of
Majority of leaves divided to about the middle ... 1227
1227. Dorsal and lateral angles of fruitlets unenlarged.
Very small, nearly or quite glabrous ; leaves minute,
divided into three entire or somewhat crenulated lobes ;
umbels capitular, few-flowered, without any bracteal in-
volucre ; united fruitlets renate- orbicular, very small,
with three thinly prominent angles and on each side with
a solitary groove, wrinkled and foveolated between the
dorsal and lateral angles. H. capillaris.
Dorsal and lateral angles of fruitlets prominently
margined.
Very small, nearly glabrous ; leaves from rhomboid- to
cordate-orbicular, cleft into three entire or somewhat
crenulated lobes ; umbels capitular ; fruitlets with three
amply prominent angles, between all the angles wrinkled
and foveolated. H. medicagiiioides.
DIDISCUS.
1228. Tall.
Usually much beset with scattered long spreading hairlets ;
leaves large, mostly basal, deeply divided into broadish
again incised lobes or segments ; flowers numerous in
each umbel, on conspicuous stalklets ; petals white ;
fruitlets either both or oftener only one developed, usually
granular-rough. D. pilosus.
Dwarf 1229
1229. Perennial.
An alpine herb ; leaves all basal, in outline from ovate- to
roundish-rhomboidal, incised into a few bluntish lobes ;
petals white ; both fruitlets developed and smooth.
D. lm.mi.lis.
Annual 1230
1230. Generally both fruitlets densely beset with ciliolate
bristlets.
A weak desert-herb, scantily beset with hairlets ; leaves
small, divided into few narrow lobes or segments ; flowers
several in the umbel, head-like crowded ; petals blue.
D. cyanopetalus.
Victorian Plants. 269
One of the fruitlets smooth or dotted, the other
prickly-rough.
Leaves small, deeply divided into few narrow lobes or
segments ; flowers several in the umbel, head-like
crowded ; petals white. D. pusillus.
TR-ACHYIVEENE,
1231. Almost shrubby, robust.
Leaves from orbicular and ovate to narrow-lanceolar, all
entire, turning dark in drying ; fruitlets granular-rough
and somewhat wrinkled. T. Billardieri.
Almost herbaceous, weak ... ... ... ... 1232
1232. Leaves all linear and undivided.
Stems spreading ly branched ; leaves very short and narrow,
quite acute ; fruitlets somewhat wrinkled.
T. ericoides.
Lower leaves cleft into linear lobes.
Stems slightly or hardly branched, slender; upper leaves
very narrow and entire ; fruitlets rather broader than
long, granular-rough. T. heterophylla.
AFXUIK.
1233. Leaves divided into flat segments and lobes.
Perennial, often maritime and usually prostrate, sometimes
fruiting already at a very early age and in quite a minute
state ; segments of leaves from broad-linear to almost
rhomboidal ; umbellules often more than three to each
umbel ; petals white or reddish ; involucral bracts all
absent; ridglets of fruit thick. " Native Celery. "
A. prostratum.
Leaves divided into capillary-filiform segments and
lobes.
Annual, usually erect, very slender ; upper leaves almost
sessile ; umbellules seldom more than three to each umbel ;
involucral bracts all absent ; ridglets of fruit thick.
A. leptophyllum.
270 Key to the System of
XANTHOSIA.
1234. Umbel-stalks elongated.
Perennial, rather tall, slender, soon glabrous ; leaves mostly
basal and long-stalked, divided into three cuneate-rhom-
boidal and at the upper end indented segments ; bracts to
each of the umbellules three, broadish, petal-like, whitish ;
lobes of the calyx almost white ; fruit small.
X. Atkinsoniaua.
Umbel-stalks abbreviated 1235
1235. Leaves lobeless.
Dwarf, perennial, somewhat velvety and besides beset with
scattered hairlets ; leaves small, wedge-shaped, with
three denticles at the summit ; flowers in each umbel
few or occasionally reduced to two or one ; calyx-lobes
fixed above the base. X. trideiitata.
Leaves lobed ... ..- ... 1236
1236. Glabrous.
Dwarf, perennial ; leaves cleft into three narrow often
subdivided segments, the ultimate lobes acute and mostly
narrow ; flowers few or several in the umbel ; calyx-lobes
fixed at the base ; fruit dilated towards the base.
X. dissecta.
Vestiture of soft hairlets ... 1237
1237. Middle lobe of the leaf by far the longest.
Perennial, rather tall, much beset with a dense brownish
vestiture and besides with long scattered hairlets ; leaves
simply sinuous or cleft into three to five lobes ; umbels
few-flowered ; calyx-lobes fixed at the base. X. pilosa.
Middle lobe of the leaf slightly longer than the
others.
Dwarf, beset with spreading hairlets ; leaves on short stalks,
cleft into three elliptic or lanceolar entire or incised seg-
ments ; flowers often only one to three in each umbel ;
calyx-lobes fixed at the base. X. pusilla.
Victorian Plants. 271
SESEXiX.
1238. Segments of lower leaves from lanceolar to broad-
linear and partly subdivided.
Alpine herb, erect, perennial ; leaves on ample clasping
stalks, stem-leaves simply pinnatisected ; primary in-
volucres almost or quite absent ; secondary involucres of
only two or three narrow bracts ; fruit ellipsoid, glabrous.
S. Harvey aiium.
Segments of lower leaves from rhomboidal to cuneate,
incised and at the upper end denticulated.
Alpine, almost prostrate, greyish -green, perennial ; leaves
on ample clasping stalks, the basal leaves simply pinnati-
sected, some of the segments trifid ; primary involucres
reduced to from one to three narrow bracts ; secondary
involucres consisting of several bracts ; fruit truncate-
ovate, only imperfectly known. (Possibly referable to
the following genus. ) S. algens.
SXUIK.
1239. Leaflets of stem-leaves irregularly and deeply serrated
or somewhat incised.
Stem streaked ; leaflets from ovate to lanceolar, sessile ;
umbels chiefly opposite to leaves ; stalklets longer than
the fruit ; oil- ducts about six between the ridges of the
fruitlets, immersed. S. erectum.
All leaflets regularly serrulated.
Deleterious ; stem furrowed ; leaflets from broad- to narrow-
lanceolar, sessile ; umbels chiefly terminal ; stalklets
nearly as long as the fruit ; oil-ducts about three between
the ridges of the fruitlets, prominent. S, latifoliuni.
DAUCUS.
1240. Secondary umbel-stalks few, unequal.
Never tall ; leaves comparatively small, doubly pinnati-
sected, the segments often again incised ; leaf-stalks
slightly dilated ; bracts of secondary involucre very short ;
petals minute, often reddish ; bristlets of fruit barbed
at the apex. D. brachiatus.
272 Key to the System of
ERYHGIUXK.
1241. Erect.
Glabrous ; radical leaves considerably longer than broad,
doubly or simply pinnatifid or sometimes merely indented,
marked by somewhat raised transverse lines, the segments
or lobes generally narrow ; umbels compound, capitular,
mostly terminal, surpassed by the outer almost spinular
bracts ; flowers minute. , E, rostratlim.
Prostrate.
Glabrous ; radical leaves much longer than broad, simply
pinnatifid or merely indented, the lobes generally narrow
and unequal ; umbels compound, capitular, mostly
axillary and short-stalked, much surpassed by the outer
almost spinular bracts ; flowers minute.
E. vesiculosum,
CUCURBITACEAE.
IVIELOTHRIA.
1242. Leaves orbicular-cordate, short-lobed.
Prostrate, rough from minute stiff hairlets ; lobes of leaves
five to seven, somewhat sinuous ; staminate and pistillate
flowers on the same plant, both minute, on very short
stalks ; anthers almost sessile ; fruit rather small, globular,
smooth ; seeds several. Figure 77. M. Muelleri.
SZCYOS.
1243. Fruit beset with barbed bristlets.
Climbing ; leaves almost membranous, from ovate- to
renate-cordate in outline, angularly three- or five-lobed ;
flowers minute ; staminate flowers racemose, pistillate
flowers capitular-crowded, the stalks of either from the
same axis ; fruit small, almost ovate, but acute.
S. aiigulata.
PASSXFX.ORAE.
PASSZFZ.OKA.
1244. Petals and inner side of calyx-lobes crimson.
Nearly glabrous ; leaves of rather firm consistence, deeply
incised anteriorly, dark-green and wrinkled above ; the
lobes mostly ovate-semilanceolar ; leaf -stalks destitute of
glandules ; petals less than half as long as the calyx-lobes ;
circular inner membrane entire, beset with hairlets,
shorter than the outer whorl of thread-like segments.
F. cixmabarina.
Victorian Plants. 273
NOTOTHXXOS.
1245. Leaves mostly from elliptic- to rhomboid-ovate,
beneath usually greyish-yellow from a thin vestiture.
Vestiture somewhat powdery, always much developed on
the young shoots ; leaves opposite, rather flaccid ; clusters
of flowers stalked, generally three together ; frait small,
somewhat succulent. 3ST. subaureus.
I.ORANTIZUS.
1246. Anthers fixed at the back.
Glabrous; leaves from orbicular -ovate to lanceolar- or
linear-elliptical, unilaterally curved when narrow, thick
in structure ; flowers in cymes ; petals elongated, usually
five, often yellowish or somewhat reddish, soon much dis-
connected ; anthers ellipsoid, oscillating ; fruit almost
pear-shaped, yellowish-green. Figure 66.
L. celastroides.
Anthers fixed at the base 1247
1247. Flowers solitary or in pairs.
Glabrous ; leaves firm, from spatular- or narrow-elliptical
to broad-linear, flat ; flower-stalks very short or unde-
veloped ; petals elongated, usually six, long-coherent
below, green at the summit, otherwise red or yellow ;
filaments often black ; anthers narrow ; fruit almost
ovate, somewhat succulent, outside black.
L. Exocarpi.
Flowers in cymes ... 1248
1248. Leaves filiform-cylindrical.
Glabrous or imperfectly invested with very short greyish
hairlets ; leaves sometimes fascicularly crowded ; petals
/ usually five, soon disconnected, reddish inside ; anthers
narrow ; fruit globular, succulent, pale-pink outside.
L. linophyllus.
Leaves flat ... 1249
1249. Flowers mostly provided with ultimate stalklets.
Usually glabrous ; leaves from obovate and lanceolar to
broad-linear, often elongated and then unilaterally curved,
seldom verging into a cordate form ; petals usually five,
elongated, soon disconnected ; fruit brownish-green, quite
viscid, distinctly contracted at the summit.
L. pendulus.
274 Key to the System of
Flowers mostly unprovided with ultimate stalklets.
Always much invested with short grey and often appressed
hairlets ; leaves from ovate- to narrow-lanceolar, occa-
sionally scattered ; cymes often only with two branchlets ;
petals usually five, soon disconnected ; anthers narrow ;
fruit rather succulent, yellowish outside, hardly contracted
at the summit. Ti. Quandang1.
PROTEA.CEAE.
CON03PERMUM.
1250. Leaves elongated.
Much invested with greyish appressed shining hairlets ;
leaves broad-linear ; total inflorescence only moderately
long ; spikes very short, corymbously arranged ; the two
sets of corolla-lobes about as long as the tube.
C. Mitchell!.
Leaves abbreviated ... ... ... ... ... 1251
1251. Leaves very spreading.
Imperfectly invested with appressed short hairlets, scantily
branched ; leaves crowded, ascendingly curved, from
lanceolar- to broad-linear, always acute, considerably
narrowed below the middle ; spikes very short, on much
elongated stalks, the latter from axils of upper leaves ;
the two sets of corolla-lobes shorter than the tube.
Figure 67. C. patens.
Leaves slightly spreading.
Imperfectly invested with short hairlets, scantily branched ;
leaves crowded, from narrow-lanceolar to broad-linear,
always acute, placed vertically and often somewhat
twisted ; spikes very short, on somewhat elongated stalks,
the latter from axils. of upper leaves; the two sets of
corolla-lobes shorter than the tube. C. taxifolium.
XSOFOGO2T.
1252. Involucral bracts longer than the fruit-supporting
bracts.
Never tall ; leaves very rigid, nearly all repeatedly dissected,
narrowed into a long stalk, mostly glabrous, their seg-
ments and lobes comparatively broad, much spreading,
very pungent ; stalk of inflorescence quite short ; corolla
yellow, almost glabrous, its tube very slender ; summit
of style dilated and from the pointed stigma by
constriction somewhat separated. I. ceratophyllus.
Victorian Plants. 275
Involucral bracts shorter than the fruit-supporting
bracts.
Finally tall ; leaves rigid, nearly all doubly or triply
dissected, narrowed into a long stalk, soon glabrous,
their segments and lobes comparatively narrow, spreading,
pungent ; stalk of inflorescence quite short ; corolla
yellow, almost glabrous, its tube very slender ; summit
of style dilated and from the pointed stigma by
constriction somewhat separated. I. aiienionifolius.
ADENANTHOS.
1253. Branches prostrate.
Much beset with hairlets ; leaves crowded, rather small
and flaccid, mostly appressed, their segments from three
to seven, linear-filiform, erect, glandule-bearing at the
apex ; flowers terminal ; corolla elongated ; stigma
slender. A. terminalis.
FERSOONIA.
1254. Leaves elongated ... ... ... ... ... 1255
Leaves abbreviated ... ... ... ... ... 1259
1255. Leaves narrow.
Tall, finally arborescent ; stem-bark thinly lamellar ; leaves
elongate-linear, flat, soon almost glabrous ; flowers soli-
tary ; corolla outside beset with minute hairlets ; fruit
globular-ovate, greenish outside ; cotyledons four to six.
F. linearis.
Leaves broadish ... 1256
1256. Corolla nearly or quite glabrous.
Finally arborescent ; stem-bark thinly lamellar ; leaves
almost vertical, generally elliptic-lanceolar, somewhat
inequilateral and gently curved, flat, soon glabrous,
their venules prominent ; flowers often infra- terminally
approximated and unsupported by floral leaves ; stalklets
conspicuous. F. salicina.
Corolla invested with minute hairlets outside ... 1257
276 Key to the System of
1257. Flowers few or several, crowded into short racemes.
Shrub, hardly tall; leaves mostly from lanceolar- to
elliptical-ovate, flat ; flowers unsupported by floral leaves ;
corolla densely invested with very short brownish hair lets
outside ; fruit small, ellipsoid-ovate ; cotyledons two.
P. confertiflora.
Flowers nearly all dispersed singly between the
leaves 1258
1258. Stalklets of flowers conspicuous.
Very tall, finally quite arborescent ; leaves mostly elliptic-
lanceolar, much elongated, almost flat, beset with subtle
hairlets underneath ; flowers rather large, occasionally
some floral leaves undeveloped ; corolla-lobes distinctly
pointed ; fruit rather large, green-yellowish ; cotyledons
three. P. arborea.
Stalklets of flowers extremely short.
Shrub, rather tall ; leaves from narrow- to broad-lanceolar,
flat, soon or finally glabrous ; venules, except the carinal,
much obliterated ; flowers occasionally two from the
same axil ; ovulary glabrous ; cotyledons four or five.
P. laiiceolata.
1259. Leaves flat or slightly channelled ... 1260
Leaves marginally recurved ... ... ... ... 1262
1260. Corolla glabrous.
Dwarf, almost herbaceous, quite glabrous or very scantily
beset with hairlets ; leaves very spreading, broad -linear,
simply acute, flat or channelled, slightly carnulent, even
the carinular venule concealed ; flowers axillary, solitary ;
fruit oblique-ovate ; cotyledons six. Figure 68.
P. Cliamaepsuce.
Corolla invested outside with hairlets 1261
1261. Leaves acicular-linear.
Shrub, finally tall ; leaves sessile, very spreading, flat or
somewhat channelled, pungent-pointed ; flowers axillary,
solitary ; corolla occasionally almost glabrous ; fruit
ovate -globular; cotyledons four to six. P. juniperiua.
Victorian Plants. 277
Leaves from elliptical- to ovate-lanceolar.
Shrub, hardly tall ; leaves rather rigid, spreading, often
acute, finally glabrous ; flowers almost pendent ; corolla-
lobes very distinctly pointed ; cotyledons four to six.
F. myrtilloides.
1262. Corolla glabrous.
A shrubby plant, diffuse or somewhat prostrate ; leaves
quite small, from lanceolar-elliptical to orbicular, soon
glabrous ; flowers on conspicuous stalklets ; fruit ellipsoid-
ovate. P. oxycoccoides.
Corolla invested with hairlets outside ... ... 1263
1263. Leaves very pale beneath.
A shrub, hardly tall ; leaves from lanceolar- to obovate-
elliptical, blunt, generally retaining some vestiture for a
long while beneath ; flowers solitary, erect ; corolla-lobes
slightly pointed. P. revoluta.
Leaves hardly paler beneath.
Shrub, rather tall, much beset with soft spreading and often
brownish hairlets ; leaves from obovate- and spatular- to
narrow-lanceolar, much narrowed towards the base, irre- v
spective of the vestiture somewhat rough on both sides ;
flowers almost sessile, generally solitary, occasionally a
few together without floral leaves ; cotyledons five.
P. rigida.
TEX.OFEA.
1264. Involucral bracts glabrous.
Finally quite arborescent ; branchlets also glabrous ; leaves
large, firm, mostly obovate-lanceolar, entire, their ultimate
venules subtle ; corolla crimson, slit unilaterally ; glan-
dule at the upper end of the stalklets rather conspicuous.
"Gippsland-Waratah." Figure 72. T. oreades.
X.OXKATXA.
1265. Finally high-arborescent.
Leaves mostly from lanceolar and broad-elliptical to almost
ovate, coarsely serrated, beneath densely beset with
appressed and shining hairlets ; their ultimate venules
faint ; petals provided with much outside vestiture ; pistil
glabrous. L. Fraseri.
Shrubby only 1266
278 Key to the System of
1266. Leaves twice or three times longer than broad.
Leaves from lanceolar- elliptical to nearly ovate, pungent-
serrate, soon almost glabrous, also their ultimate venules
above prominent ; petals glabrescent outside ; pistil
glabrous. L. ilicifolia.
Leaves several or many times longer than broad.
Shrubby or hardly arborescent ; leaves elongated, from
linear- to narrow-lanceolar, distantly serrated, soon
glabrous ; their ultimate venules faint ; petals often
glabrous ; pistil glabrous. L. loiigifolia.
ORZTBS.
1267. Leaves elliptical-lanceolar, flat, lobeless.
Alpine shrub, rather tall ; leaves comparatively small, very
firm, glabrous ; spikes mostly terminal and solitary •
flowers small ; bracts fugacious ; petals whitish, glabrous ;
fruit beset with appressed shining hairlets. Figure 69.
O. lancifolia.
1268. Seeds surrounded by a broadish flat membrane.
Leaves long, linear, lobeless or few-lobed, refracted at the
margin ; racemes elongated ; flowers small ; corolla out-
side densely beset with greyish soft hairlets ; style
glabrous ; stigma somewhat lateral ; ovulary on a con-
spicuous stipes ; fruit almost globular.
G. pterosperma.
Seeds surrounded by a very narrow or somewhat
obliterated membrane ... ... ... ... 1269
1269 Leaves mostly lobed or indented ... ... ... 1270
Leaves constantly lobeless and also otherwise entire 1276
1270. Prostrate.
Leaves from ovate to elliptical, but often cuneate or even
truncate at the base, wavy and prickly denticulated, soon
glabrous ; racemes dense ; flowers small ; corolla outside
beset with appressed grey shining hairlets ; style glabrous ;
stigma almost lateral ; ovulary on a short stipes, invested
with silk-like hairlets. G. repeiis.
Erect or diffuse ., ............. 1271
Victorian Plants. 279
1271. Leaves very large.
Leaves often produced into deltoid or semilanceolar lobes,
invested beneath with short hairlets ; racemes dense,
almost spicate ; flowers small ; corolla outside beset with
minute hairlets ; style glabrous ; stigma slightly lateral ;
ovulary on a very short stipes ; fruit small, pointed.
G. Barklyana.
Leaves moderately large or rather small ... ... 1272
1272. Leaves nearly always simply lobed ... ... ... 1273
Leaves nearly always repeatedly lobed ... 1274
1273. Leaves without denticles at the margin in addition
to the lobes.
Leaves mostly ovate-cuneate in outline, with broadish,
acute lobes, beneath beset with a silk-like or less frequently
with a velvet-like vestiture ; racemes dense, almost
spicate ; flowers rather large ; corolla pale, outside
densely beset with minute hairlets ; style glabrous ;
stigma somewhat lateral ; ovulary on a distinct stipes ;
fruit almost ovate. G. ilicifolia.
Leaves with prickly denticles at the margin in
addition to the lobes.
Leaves from lanceolar- to cuneate- or elliptic-ovate in
outline, somewhat crisped, with broadish, acute lobes,
beneath beset with soft often brownish hairlets ; racemes
dense, almost spicate ; flowers rather large ; corolla out-
side bearing a soft vestiture ; style glabrous ; stigma
slightly lateral ; ovulary nearly sessile, densely beset
with hairlets. G. aquif olium.
1274. Flowers rather large.
Leaves very rigid, simply or doubly pinnatisected, refracted
at the margin, their segments broadish-linear, pungent ;
racemes short ; summit of stalklets much descending ;
corolla red, only near the summit curved, outside beset
with appressed hairlets ; style slightly longer than the
corolla, as well as the ovulary glabrous; stigma almost
lateral ; fruit on a long stipes, much compressed, hard,
oblique-ovate ; seeds plane-convex, broadish. Figure 70.
G. Huegelii.
Flowers very small ... .. ... ... ... 1275
280 Key to the System of
1275. Segments of leaves linear.
Leaves twice or thrice ternately cleft, with very narrow
pungent segments, refracted at the margin; racemes
cylindrical, almost spicate ; flowers very small, corolla
outside beset with hairlets ; style very short ; stigma
quite terminal. G. triteruata.
Segments of leaves elliptic- or lanceolar-cuneate.
Leaves mostly twice trifid ; their segments or lobes indented
at the summit ; racemes cylindrical, almost spicate ;
flowers very small, corolla outside beset with hairlets ;
style very short ; stigma quite terminal.
G. ramosissima.
1276. Corolla partly or quite red ... 1277
Corolla yellow or pale ... ... ... ... 1283
1277. Corolla almost or quite glabrous outside ... ... 1278
Corolla extensively beset with short hairlets outside 1281
1278. Leaves pointed, almost glabrous on the upper side.
Leaves from narrow- to lanceolate-linear, revolute at the
margin, beset with silky-shining hairlets underneath ;
racemes very short, almost corymbous, somewhat bending
downward ; corolla rosy-red except towards and at the
pale summit ; style densely beset with hairlets ; stigma
almost lateral ; ovulary sessile ; fruit nearly ellipsoid.
G. ericifolia.
Leaves blunt, beset with short soft hairlets also
much on the upper side.
- Leaves rather short, from elliptic- to broad-linear, revolute
at the margin ; racemes very short ; corolla reddish,
except at and near its summit ; style beset with short
hairlets, much exserted ; stigma almost lateral ; ovulary
sessile ; fruit nearly ellipsoid. G. lanigera.
1279. Leaves comparatively small ... ... ... •'• 1280
Leaves comparatively large ... ... ... ... 1281
Victorian Plants. 281
1280. Flowers in very short racemes.
Erect or diffuse; leaves from oval to linear-elliptical,
recurved at the margins, underneath beset with an almost
velvety vestiture ; lower portion of corolla deep-red or
orange-colored, upper gradually yellowish ; style only
slightly longer than the corolla ; ovulary sessile, as well
as the style beset with short hairlets ; stigma almost
lateral ; fruit nearly ellipsoid. Never alpine.
(G. Dallachiana. ) G. alpina.
Flowers almost umbellate.
Never tall ; leaves from linear- to elliptic-lanceolar, recurved
at the margin, beneath beset with a silk-like vestiture ;
stalklets of flowers at the summit descendingly truncate ;
corolla rosy-red except towards the pale summit, often
somewhat invested outside ; style conspicuously exserted,
not rarely glabrous ; ovulary on a short stipes, beset with
a short vestiture ; stigma almost lateral ; fruit oblique-
ellipsoid, pointed. G. lavandulacea.
1281. Racemes elongated.
Tall ; leaves usually elongate-lanceolar, beneath beset with
a silk-like vestiture ; racemes bent downward ; corolla
outside invested with almost copper-colored hairlets ;
style nearly glabrous ; stigma almost lateral ; ovulary
glabrous, on a short stipes ; fruit oblique -ellipsoid.
G. Victoriae.
Racemes abbreviated 1282
1282. Pistil considerably longer than the corolla.
Usually somewhat diffuse ; leaves very firm, from narrow-
lanceolar to broad-linear, beneath beset with a silk-like
vestiture ; corolla bright-red, outside invested with
shining appressed hairlets ; style and ovulary glabrous,
the latter on a conspicuous stipes ; stigma almost lateral ;
fruit oblique-ellipsoid. G. oleoides.
Pistil slightly longer than the corolla.
Erect ; leaves mostly from elliptic to ovate, beset with soft
hairlets beneath, the secondary venules rather prominent ;
corolla dull-red, outside laxly invested ; ovulary glabrous,
on a short stipes ; fruit oblique- ellipsoid.
G. Miqueliana.
282 Key to the System of
1283. Corolla quite yellow inside.
Leaves from narrow-elliptical to oval, recurved at the
margin, beset underneath with a velvety vestiture ;
racemes moderately short ; corolla brown-velvety in-
vested outside ; ovulary sessile, as well as the style
densely beset with short hairlets ; style only slightly
exserted; stigma almost lateral; fruit ellipsoid -ovate.
G. iloribunda.
Corolla pale inside ... 1284
1284. Leaves recurved at the margin.
Alpine shrub ; leaves rather small, from narrow- to elliptic-
lanceolar, pungent, beset underneath with silk-like vesti-
ture ; flowers very small, in almost umbel-like racemes ;
corolla beset with grey shining hairlets outside ; ovulary
glabrous ; stigma almost lateral ; fruit nearly ellipsoid.
G. Australis.
Leaves closely repressed at the margin ... ... 1285
1285. Pistil considerably longer than the corolla.
Leaves crowded, linear, rigid, pungent-pointed ; corolla
very small, beset outside with silk-like grey vestiture ;
ovulary glabrous, on a short stipes ; stigma almost lateral.
G. confertifolia.
Pistil hardly longer than the corolla.
Leaves quite linear, slightly pointed ; flowers very small, in
umbel-like racemes; corolla beset with silk -like grey
vestiture outside ; ovulary glabrous ; stigma almost
lateral ; fruit nearly ellipsoid. G. parviflora.
KAK.EA.
1286. Stigma depressed, almost lateral ... 1287
Stigma conical, almost or quite terminal ... ... 1294
1287. Leaves dissimilar in form.
Upper leaves mainly filiform, lower often from channelled-
linear to narrow-lanceolar ; flowers small, in sessile
axillary umbels ; petals whitish, glabrous ; fruit com-
paratively small and particularly narrow, somewhat
ellipsoid, rather compressed, with two very short infra-
terminal points, otherwise blunt. H. microcarpa.
Leaves all similar in form ... 1288
Victorian Plants. 283
1288. Leaves flat 1289
Leaves filiform 1290
1289. Corolla glabrous.
Tall-shrubby ; leaves from narrow- to broad-lanceolar,
occasionally verging into an elliptic form, greyish-green,
the lateral venules subtle and much concealed ; flowers
small, in sessile axillary umbels, fragrant ; petals whitish,
glabrous ; fruit very turgid, but much narrowed towards
the base, attenuated into the slightly truncated apex ;
seeds rather narrow. H. saligna.
Corolla outside beset with a close vestiture.
Tall-shrubby or finally even arborescent ; leaves greyish-
green, elongate -lanceolar, their lateral venules faint and
much concealed ; flowers small, in axillary sessile umbels ;
stalklets beset with short hairlets as well as the petals
outside ; fruit rather large, oblique-ovate, nearly blunt.
H. e riant ha,
1290. Corolla bright-yellow.
Leaves rather short, compressed-filiform ; flowers minute,
. in sessile axillary umbels; petals glabrous; fruit com-
paratively large, oblique -ovate, turgid, nearly blunt, often
verrucular -rough. H. nodosa.
Corolla whitish or pale ... ... ... ... 1291
1291. Flowers in short racemes.
Finally tall ; branches hardly spreading ; leaves greyish-
green, pungently straight-pointed ; flowers small, crowded ;
stalk of inflorescence densely beset with short hairlets ;
petals yellowish-white, nearly always glabrous ; fruit
almost ovate, somewhat compressed towards the summit,
slightly enlarged under the acute apex ; membranous
appendage of the seeds quite pale. H. leucoptera.
Flowers in umbel-like clusters ... ... ... 1292
1292. Terminating membrane of the seeds pale.
, Finally tall ; leaves light-green, pungently curved -pointed ;
umbels axillary, sessile ; petals outside beset with short
brownish hairlets ; fruit nearly ovate, somewhat com-
pressed towards the summit, slightly enlarged under the
acute apex. (H. Pampliniana. ) H. vittata.
Terminating membrane of the seeds dark ... ... 1293
284 Keij to the System of
1293. Fruit ending in two small horn-like excrescences.
Finally rather tall ; leaves very rigid, pungently straight-
pointed, beneath with an imperfect furrow ; umbels
axillary, almost sessile ; stalklets and often also the young
branchlets beset with shining hairlets ; petals whitish or
somewhat pink, glabrous ; fruit comparatively large,
very turgid, wrinkled-rough, suddenly compressed from
near the summit. (H. acicularis.) H. sericea.
Fruit almost or quite blunt.
Leaves much elongated, thinly filiform, rather lax, con-
spicuously pointed, underneath with a slight longitudinal
furrow ; umbels axillary, few-flowered, almost glabrous ;
flowers quite small ; fruit comparatively large, nearly
ovate, very turgid, outside densely verrucular-rough,
except at the much compressed summit.
H. Macraeaua.
1294. Leaves dissimilar in form.
Seldom tall ; leaves from compressed -filiform to trigonous-
linear or the lower flattened to elongate-lanceolar, all
pointed ; umbels axillary, solitary, sessile, glabrous ;
flowers quite small ; fruit oblique-ovate, turgid, simply
acute, almost smooth. (H. flexilis.) H. ulicina.
Leaves all similar in form ... ... ... ... 1295
1295. Fruit pungently straight-pointed.
Leaves generally rather short, spreading, pungent-pointed ;
umbels axillary, sessile, few-flowered ; petals outside in-
vested with short hairlets ; fruit comparatively slender,
beset across the middle with acute excrescences.
H. pugioniformis.
Upper portion of fruit much recurved 1296
1296. Fruit comparatively large.
Seldom tall ; leaves comparatively long, filiform, pungently
straight -pointed ; umbels axillary, sessile ; flowers small ;
petals outside beset with appressed greyish shining hair-
lets ; fruit wrinkled-rough, somewhat turgescent at the
base, -closely recurved in its upper gradually much
attenuated portion. Figure 71. H. rostrata.
Fruit comparatively small.
Never tall ; leaves comparatively short, spreading, filiform,
pungently straight-pointed ; umbels axillary, sessile,
few-flowered ; petals outside beset with appressed greyish
shining hairlets ; fruit wrinkled-rough, its reflexed pro-
longation formed by the much enlarged hardened and
finally split style. H. rugosa.
Victorian Plants. 285
BANK.SIA.
1297. Style permanently hooked.
Tall-shrubby ; leaves broad-linear, sharply serrated, white
underneath from a close thin vestiture ; corolla yellow or
towards the summit reddish, outside beset with appressed
hairlets ; style dark-colored, shining ; fruits glabrous,
B. colliua.
Style finally straight 1298
1298. Leaves acute at the summit.
Finally tall-arborescent ; leaves very firm, from elliptic- to
elongate-lanceolar, usually quite entire, some almost
crowded into whorls, white underneath from a close
vestiture ; ultimate venules rather conspicuous ; style
yellowish ; fruit-vestiture thin. B. iiitegrifolia,
Leaves excised or truncate at the summit ... ... 1299
1299. Leaves irregularly or scantily denticulated or quite
entire.
From dwarf-shrubby to tall-arborescent ; leaves from broad-
linear to elliptic-lanceolar, often recurved at the margin,
sometimes comparatively small, always white underneath
from a close thin vestiture ; ultimate venules much con-
cealed ; corolla yellow, beset with appressed hairlets
outside ; style yellowish ; fruits glabrescent. Figure 73.
B. marginata.
Leaves regularly serrated ... ... ... ... 1300
1300. Corolla outside invested with appressed hairlets.
Finally arborescent ; leaves cuneate-lanceolar, underneath
beset with greyish hairlets ; main-venules costular ;
corolla yellowish j fruit-vestiture conspicuous.
B. serrata.
Corolla outside invested with spreading hairlets.
Permanently shrubby, but tall at last ; leaves cuneate-
elliptical, nearly glabrous underneath ; main-venules
costular ; corolla dull-yellowish or assuming a somewhat
reddish hue ; fruit-vestiture very conspicuous.
B. ornata.
286 Key to the System of
SANTALACEAE.
EXOCARPOS.
1301. Shrubby 1302
Arborescent ... ... ... ... ... 1305
1302. Fruit-stalklet pale-lilac.
Erect, finally tall, often riparian ; branchlets angular ;
leaves rudimentary, linear, pointed ; flowers from very
few in each cluster reduced to two ; fruit-stalklets very
succulent. E, strict a.
Fruit-stalklet bright-red 1303
1303. Erect.
Desert-shrub; branchlets robust, hardly angular; leaves
rudimentary, scale-like ; flowers few in each cluster ;
fruit-stalklets very succulent, broader than long.
E. aphylla,
Depressed 1304
1304. Leaves mostly scattered.
Alpine plant ; branchlets robust, cylindrical, their inter-
nodes rather elongated ; leaves rudimentary, scale-like ;
flowers from very few in each cluster reduced to two,
usually four-lobed ; fruit-stalklets very succulent.
E. humifusa.
Leaves mostly opposite.
Alpine plant ; branchlets slender, compressed, their inter-
nodes much abbreviated ; leaves rudimentary, scale-like,
very minute ; flowers usually five-lobed. E, nana.
1305. Branchlets somewhat spreading.
Finally quite tall ; leaves rudimentary, scale-like ; flower-
spikes very small, short-stalked ; fruit-stalklets bright-red,
very succulent, longer than broad. "Native Cherry-
tree." E, CTipressiformis.
Branchlets pendent.
Leaves slightly elongated, linear, long-pointed ; flowers in
short-stalked small spikes ; fruit-stalklets almost dry,
greenish. Figure 65. E, spartea.
Victorian Plants. 287
SANTAX.T7BI.
1306. Tube of the calyx free in its upper part.
' Leaves from narrow- to lanceolar-elliptical, hardly pointed,
recurved at the margin, dark -green above, paler beneath ;
flowers few in each cyme ; fruit comparatively small,
bluish-black outside. S. obtusifolinm.
Tube of the calyx entirely adnate ... 1307
1307. Inner hard part of the fruit (endocarp) deeply
wrinkled and grooved.
Leaves generally narrow-lanceolar, flat, greyish-green,
curved-pointed ; flowers several in each cyme ; fruit
comparatively large, outside succulent and bright-red.
"Quandang." S. acumiiiatum.
Inner hard part of the fruit slightly wrinkled and
grooved.
Leaves from linear- to narrow-lanceolar, flat, greyish -green,
curved-pointed, occasionally ternate ; flowers several in
each cyme ; fruit comparatively large, outside almost
dry and brownish-red. S. persicarium.
THESIUM.
1308. Racemes spike-like.
Glabrous, slender and weak plant ; leaves, except some of
the lower, almost linear, slightly decurrent ; racemes
lax ; flowers supported by short bracteoles and a narrow
somewhat adnate bract ; tube of the corolla about as long
as the lobes ; fruit from ovate to almost globular.
T. Australe.
OBXPHACOIKERXA.
1309. Leaves entirely absent.
Branchlets rigid, without any prominent angles, subtle-
streaked; flowers sessile, the staminate clustered; corolla-
lobes yellow inside, oftener four than five; stigma
bilobed ; fruit nearly ovate, greenish outside.
O. acerba.
288 Key to the System of
CHORETRUIK.
1310. Flower-clusters arranged in racemes ... 1311
Flowers simply arranged in spikes or scattered ... 1312
1311. Corolla white.
Branchlets rather lax, angular ; leaves minute, pointed ;
flower-clusters short-stalked ; bracts and bracteoles
roundish ; corolla cleft into nearly distinct petals ;
stigma five-lobed ; fruit ovate-globular, greenish.
C. glomeratum.
Corolla yellow.
Branchlets rather lax, angular ; leaves minute, pointed ;
flower-clusters short-stalked ; bracts and bracteoles from
ovate to orbicular ; corolla cleft into nearly distinct
petals ; stigma five-lobed ; fruit globular-ovate, greenish.
Figure 64. C. clirysanthiim.
1312. Flowers quite sessile.
Branchlets rather rigid, slightly streaked ; leaves minute,
curved, much pointed, at first crowded ; flowers solitary,
generally crowded into rather long spikes, each surrounded
by brown bracts and bracteoles ; fruit ovate-globular.
C. spicatum.
Flowers slightly stalked.
Branchlets rather lax, slightly streaked; leaves minute,
much pointed; flowers solitary, each surrounded by
bracts and bracteoles, generally somewhat distant ;
corolla white, each segment beset inside with a tuft of
yellow very minute hairlets ; fruit ovate-globular, pale.
C. lateriflorum.
XiEPTOXKERXA.
1313. Flowers in rather elongated spikes.
Branchlets distinctly angular, bluntish at the apex ; leaves
minute, narrow, pointed ; corolla yellowish-brown ;
stigma five-lobed; fruit globular-ovate, outside reddish.
L. acida.
Flowers in quite abbreviated spikes.
Branchlets very rigid, hardly angular, spinescent ; leaves
minute, pointed, fugacious ; corolla soon black-purplish ;
stigma five-lobed ; fruit from ellipsoid- to globular-ovate,
greenish outside. L. aphylla.
Victorian Plants. 280
RUB X ACE A E.
BXORXNDA.
1314. Climbing or twining.
Glabrous ; leaves rather large, from lanceolar to almost
ovate ; headlets in pairs, on short stalks, with about a
dozen or less seldom more flowers ; calyx lobeless ; corolla
rather small, pale yellow-brownish, its tube slender ; ripe
fruit-masses reddish outside. M. jasminoides.
OPXSRCUX.ARXA.
1315. Fruit-masses on erect stalks.
Erect or diffuse, beset with short rigid hairlets ; leaves
rather small, from linear- to elliptic-lanceolar ; compound
headlets of flowers generally on long stalks ; lobes of the
calyx narrow, pointed, persistent ; stamens four ; seeds
obtusangular. O. scabrida.
Fruit-masses on recurved stalks ... ... ... 1316
1316. Leaves usually twice or three times longer than broad 1317
Leaves usually several times longer than broad ... 1318
1317. Seeds transversely wrinkled.
Erect or diffuse, much beset with hairlets ; leaves rather
small, from lanceolar to ovate ; stalk of inflorescence
short ; headlets ten or less in each inflorescence, small,
three- to five-flowered ; corolla generally five-cleft ;
stamens usually one or two ; seeds without any prominent
longitudinal lines. O. hispida.
Seeds without transverse wrinkles.
Erect or diffuse, not seldom almost glabrous ; leaves from
lanceolar- to rhomboidal-ovate, on very short stalks ;
compound headlets also short-stalked ; calyx-lobes
generally three, semilanceolar ; stamens three to four,
much exserted ; seeds furrowed along the inner side.
O. ovata.
1318. Stamens three to five.
Erect or diffuse, somewhat tall, not seldom beset with short
hairlets ; leaves rather large, from broad- to narrow-lan-
ceolar, almost membranous ; stalk of inflorescence short ;
headlets twenty or variously less in each inflorescence,
from two- to six-flowered ; lobes of the calyx acute ;
corolla three- to five-lobed ; seeds conspicuously wrinkled,
prominently two-lined. O. aspera.
U
290 Key to the System of
Stamens two.
Erect or diffuse, generally beset with short hairlets ; leaves
rather small and firm, from broad-linear to narrow-lan-
ceolar and elliptical ; stalk of inflorescence very short ;
headlets usually three- or four-flowered; lobes of the
calyx very narrow, acute ; seeds somewhat wrinkled,
prominently two-lined. O. varia.
POIIXAX.
1319. Each headlet of flowers on a separate elongated stalk.
Often rather dwarf, usually beset with short hairlets ;
leaves from narrow- to ovate-lanceolar, the floral leaves
mostly whorled ; headlets generally three- or four-
flowered ; encircling calyx-lobes deltoid ; lid above flat
and orbicular, deciduous ; corolla small, three- to five-
lobed ; stamens three to five, conspicuously exserted ;
seeds wrinkled-rough. P. umbellata.
COPROS1KA.
1320. Erect ... 1321
Depressed ... 1323
1321. Flowers few together in each cluster.
Shrubby, minutely rough and usually beset with scattered
very short hairlets ; leaves comparatively large, from
lanceolar-ovate to almost rhomboid, somewhat succulent,
shining, sharp-pointed ; flowers terminal, rarely reduced
to two or even one ; stalklets very short ; denticles of
calyx four or five or rarely more, minute ; lobes of corolla
longer than the tube ; stamens four to seven ; fruit rather
large, red or brown-yellowish outside. C. hirtella.
Flowers solitary 1322
1322. Leaves of thin texture.
Finally tall-shrubby ; branchlets spinescent ; leaves small,
from narrow- to ovate-lanceolar, smooth and glabrous;
flowers axillary, very small ; denticles of calyx four,
minute ; lobes of the corolla longer than the tube ; fruit
pendent, ovate-ellipsoid, bright-red outside.
C. Billardieri.
Leaves of thick texture.
Alpine shrub ; leaves glabrous, quite small, from narrow- to
lanceolar-elliptical, shining, recurved at the margin ;
flowers small; corolla greenish-white, lobes four, longer
than the tube ; fruit from ellipsoid to almost globular,
outside bright-red. C. nitida.
Victorian Plants. 291
1323. Somewhat woody.
Alpine plant, widely prostrate; leaves thick, very small,
blunt, from narrow- to ovate-elliptical, shining ; flowers
solitary ; corolla of staminate flowers with elongated
tube, that of the pistillate flowers with abbreviated tube ;
stamens particularly long-exserted ; fruit ovate-globular,
outside red. C. pnmila.
Quite herbaceous ... ... 1324
1324. Calyx almost lobeless.
Glabrous, forming dense very depressed patches ; leaves
minute, thin, from ovate- to cordate-orbicular ; flowers
solitary ; corolla very short, pale, four-lobed ; stamens
and pistils well developed in most flowers, but the
filaments often abbreviated in the fruit-forming flowers ;
fruit very small, almost globular, red or bright-yellow
outside. C. Nertera.
Calyx conspicuously two-lobed.
Quite dw.arf, somewhat creeping and tufted ; leaves very
small, on short stalks, thin, ovate, slightly pointed, often
beset with short scattered and rather rigid hairlets ;
flowers solitary ; corolla elongated ; fruit nearly ovate,
almost dry. C. reptans.
ASFERULA.
1325. Leaves simply opposite.
Stems and branches rather elongated, lax ; leaves never
whorled, always linear ; flowers minute, well stalked ;
calyx lobeless ; corolla whitish, four-lobed, that of the
main staminate flowers with a conspicuous tube, that of
the main pistillate flowers tubeless ; fruit minute, con-
sisting of two oblique-ovate turgid finally seceding
fruitlets. Figure 75. A. gemiiiifolia.
Leaves from four to eight in each whorl.
Dwarf, erect or diffuse ; leaves small, from linear to oval ;
flowers minute, terminally crowded, but never numerous ;
calyx lobeless ; corolla whitish, four-lobed, that of the
main staminate flowers with a conspicuous tube, that of
the main pistillate flowers tubeless ; fruit minute, slightly
two-lobed. (A. conferta.) A. oligantha.
292 Key to the System of
GALIU1VI.
1326. Fruit smooth and glabrous.
Stems often short and erect, mostly somewhat rough from
minute hairlets ; leaves small, generally four in each
whorl, from broad-linear to ovate-lanceolar ; flowers
minute, axillary crowded, but never numerous ; flower-
stalks mostly abbreviated ; calyx lobeless ; corolla
whitish or yellowish, four-lobed ; fruit minute, slightly
two-lobed. G. nmbrosum.
Fruit rough and beset with hooked hairlets.
Stems often elongated and diffuse or prostrate, mostly beset
with short clinging hairlets ; leaves generally four in
each whorl, from narrow-lanceolar to ovate ; flowerstalks
mostly elongated, with few minute flowers on conspicuous
capillary stalklets ; fruit minute, tardily seceding into
two fruitlets. G. Australe.
CAPRIFOLIACEAE.
SAftXBUCUS.
1327. Arborescent.
Lowest segments of the leaves distant from the branchlets ;
corolla-lobes and stamens three or rarely four ; fruit
yellowish. Figure 76. S. xautliocarpa.
Almost herbaceous.
Lowest segments of the leaves close to the branchlets ;
corolla-lobes and stamens three or rarely four ; fruit
whitish. S. Gandichaudiana.
COmPOSXTAE.
IVIICROSERIS.
1328. Fruits slightly narrowed into the somewhat truncate
summit.
Almost glabrous ; root fascicular, edible, lactescent ; leaves
elongated, their lobes rather short and narrow ; headlets
of flowers amply expanding ; receptacle bractless ; involu-
cral bracts in several rows, acute, the innermost row far
the longest ; corolla of central flowers very narrow ; fruit
slender ; pappus-bristlets mostly biseriate, occasionally
plumous-ciliolated. M. Forsteri.
Victorian Plants. 293
CYMBONOTUS.
1329. Leaves almost ovate, underneath white from a close
vestiture.
Stems generally shorter than the leaves, producing solitary
headlets of flowers ; receptacle very imperfectly bract -
bearing or bractless ; marginal flowers pistillate only ;
fruit glabrous, dorsally turgid and prominently few-
streaked. C. Lawsonianus.
ADENOSTEIVIBIA.
1330. Leaves from elliptical- and cuneate-lanceolar to
rhomboid- and cordate-orbicular.
Leaves rather large, the upper short-stalked or almost
sessile ; involucral bracts narrowly lanceolar-elliptical, of
nearly equal length ; no bracts between the flowers ;
corolla beset with minute hairlets outside ; anthers with-
out any conspicuous terminal appendage ; papjms short;
fruits somewhat rough, few-angular. A. viscosum.
BXDBNS.
1331. Leaves usually three- to five-cleft.
Annual, often glabrous ; leaves occasionally undivided and
sometimes the upper alternate ; segments generally lan-
ceolar, serrated ; outer involucral bracts spreading, longer
than the inner ; long -expanding marginal flowers yellow,
but not rarely absent ; fruits much compressed, obovate,
rough along the margin from reversed asperities.
B. tripartitus.
GLOSSOOYNE.
1332. Segments of leaves linear.
Perennial, glabrous, seldom tall ; segments of leaves rather
short and acute, oftener lobeless than lobed, those of the
upper leaves much reduced ; headlets of flowers compara-
tively small ; stigmas very thin, elongated ; fruits narrow,
longitudinally streaked; pappus-spinules without any
curvature. G. tenuifolia.
ECLIFTA.
1333. Corolla of all flowers yellow, those of the marginal
flowers with broadly flattened lamina.
Perennial, prostrate or ascending, beset with short appressed
rigid hairlets ; leaves entire, from narrow-lanceolar to
broad-linear ; headlets of flowers small, on axillary
generally elongated stalks ; outer involucral bracts
almost lanceolar ; fruit slender, somewhat hollowed at
the summit. Figure 87. E. platyglossa-
294 Key to the System of
SIEGESBECK.IA.
1334. Corolla of the marginal flowers expanding into an
indented lamina.
Rather tall, beset with short hairlets ; leaves from deltoid-
rhomboid to narrow-lanceolar, irregularly indented ;
headlets of flowers small, conspicuously stalked ; outer
involucral bracts few, usually much exceeding the inner
in length, beset with glandule-bearing short hairlets ;
expanding lamina of the marginal flowers very short,
yellow ; fruits somewhat turgid. S. orientalis.
LETJZEA.
1335. Segments of leaves mostly semilanceolar, slightly
indented.
Almost or quite branchless; vestiture scanty, somewhat
cottony or consisting of minute hairlets ; leaves occa-
sionally lobeless; marginal flowers also staminate and
pistillate ; lobes of the corolla rather long, tube very
slender ; fruits truncate, hardly compressed, subtle-
streaked. L. Australis.
VERNONIA.
1336. Leaves from obovate to broad-linear, imperfectly
denticulated.
Herbaceous, often somewhat beset with a thin rather cottony
vestiture ; upper leaves gradually narrower ; headlets of
flowers small, on slender stalks, forming terminal corymbs ;
involucral bracts quite narrow, acute ; fruits closely
invested with short hairlets. V. cilierea.
FLUCHEA.
1337. Headlets of flowers hemiellipsoid-cylindrical.
Shrubby, grey from a thin close vestiture ; leaves small,
from spatular- to obovate-ouneate, sessile, flat, entire, in-
vested on both sides ; headlets of flowers singly terminal,
sessile ; involucral bracts in many rows, blunt ; staminate
and pistillate flowers mainly in separate headlets, never
numerous ; corollas very slender throughout ; fruits thin,
glabrous ; bristlets of pappus slightly plumous.
F. couocephala.
CALOTIS.
1338. Comparatively tall ... ... 1339
Dwarf 1345
Victorian Plants. 295
1339. Expansions of the marginal corollas bluish or violet
or white ... ... 1340
Expansions of the marginal corollas yellow ... ... 1342
1340. Pappus consisting of spinules only.
Much beset with hairlets ; root producing off-shoots ; stems
hardly branched ; lower leaves from ovate- to linear -
cuneate, bluntly short-lobed ; upper leaves few and small ;
headlets of flowers comparatively large ; spinules of
ppus about eight, alternately larger and smaller,
C. scabiosifolia,
pappus
barbed.
Pappus consisting of spinules and scales ... ... 1341
1341. Scales of the pappus broader than long.
Vestiture without glandules ; branches leafy ; leaves lax,
dilated upwards and incised, clasping with broad base ;
headlets of flowers comparatively large ; spinules of
pappus two or three, slender, barbed, alternating with
broad distinct scales. C, cuneifolia.
Scales of the pappus longer than broad.
Beset with short glandule-bearing hairlets ; stems prostrate
or ascendent, leafy ; leaves from obovate- to elliptic-
cuneate, upwards lobed ; headlets comparatively large ;
spinules of pappus two to seven, thin, barbed, alternating
with elliptic-cuneate scales. C. glandulosa.
1342. Spinules of the pappus always two.
Imperfectly beset with hairlets ; branches leafy ; leaves
from linear- to elliptical -cuneate, upwards indented ;
headlets of flowers comparatively large ; spinules of
pappus barbed, dilated downwards, without interjacent
scales. Figure 80. C. cymbacantha.
Spinules of the pappus more than two ... ... 1343
1343. Spinules of the pappus connate towards their base.
Almost glabrous, branched ; leaves distant, from broad- to
lanceolar-linear ; headlets of flowers comparatively large ;
spinules of pappus three to five, nearly equal, broadly
united at the base, hardly barbed, without interjacent
scales. C,' erinacea.
Spinules of the pappus disconnected... ... ... 1344
296 Key to the System of
1344. Pappus longer than the fruit.
Branched, somewhat beset Vith hairlets ; lower leaves
elliptic-cuneate, somewhat indented, the upper narrow
and entire; headlets of flowers comparatively small;
spinules of the pappus four to eight, short, unequal,
barbed. C. lappulacea.
Pappus shorter than the fruit.
Branched, somewhat beset with hairlets ; leaves small,
mostly elliptic-cuneate, often denticulated ; headlets of
flowers minute ; spinules of the pappus six to eight,
exceedingly short, barbed. C, niicrocephala.
1345. Expansions of the marginal corollas minute.
Annual, dwarf or prostrate, much beset with short rigid
hairlets ; leaves small, from obovate- to lanceolar-cuneate,
entire or at the summit indented ; headlets of flowers
small, on short stalks or almost sessile ; spinules of the
pappus four to eight, very short and thin, barbed, mostly
alternating with cleft scales. C. hispichila.
Expansions of the marginal corollas conspicuous ... 1346
1346. Fruits beset with cottony vestiture.
Annual ; leaves from elliptic- to lanceolar-cuneate, entire
or somewhat denticulated ; headlets of flowers small ;
expansions of the marginal flowers violet or white ;
pappus of several or numerous minute capillary barbed
bristlets. C. plumulifera.
Fruits except their spinules glabrous ... ... 1347
1347. Leaves entire or indented.
Almost glabrous; off-shoots rooting; leaves nearly all
radical, in tufts, from linear to narrow-lanceolar, entire
or somewhat denticulated; headlets of flowers small,
singly terminal ; expansions of the marginal flowers
violet or white ; spinules of the pappus several, alter-
nately strong and much thinner, almost barbed with
reversed hairlets. C. scapigera.
Leaves deeply cleft into very narrow segments.
Almost glabrous; off-shoots rooting; leaves nearly all
radical, in tufts, pinnatisected, the lobes linear and
partially subdivided; headlets of flowers small, singly
terminal ; expansions of the marginal flowers violet or
white ; spinules of the pappus six to eight, short, unequal,
barbed. C. ant hem aides.
Victorian Plants. 297
BZZNUaiA.
1348. Expansions of the marginal corollas yellow.
Glabrous desert-plant, never tall, slightly woody ; leaves
very small, semicylindric-linear, greyish-green, often
hooked-curved at the end, somewhat succulent and de-
current ; headlets of flowers very small, on short stalks ;
involucral bracts in about two rows of almost equal
length ; expanding lamina of marginal flowers very
short; pappus tubular towards the base or with some
disconnected bristlets ; fertile fruits glabrous.
M. suaedifolia.
Expansions of the marginal corollas white or bluish 1349
1349. Expansions of the marginal corollas abbreviated.
Desert-plant, neither tall nor woody, either glabrous or
somewhat beset with a cottony vestiture ; leaves from
broad- to linear-lanceolar, greyish-green, entire or dis-
tantly denticulated ; headlets of flowers small, con-
spicuously stalked ; involucral bracts narrow, short ;
marginal flowers numerous, their expanding lamina bluish
or white, very narrow ; pappus of fertile fruits consisting
of disconnected bristlets, that of the sterile fruits much
reduced and in part minutely scale-like.
M. Candollei.
Expansions of the marginal corollas elongated ... 1350
1350. Fruits of the ray-flowers almost glabrous.
Rather tall desert-plant, always glabrous, somewhat woody ;
leaves semicylindric-linear, almost succulent, quite entire,
often acute ; headlets of flowers comparatively large, con-
spicuously stalked ; involucral bracts of unequal length ;
lamina of ray-flowers rather long-extended, generally
whitish ; pappus of marginal flowers consisting of many
capillary disconnected bristlets, that of the central
flowers much reduced, partly scale-like ; fertile fruits
slender. Figure 79. M. Cunningham!.
Fruits of the ray-flowers densely beset with a silk-like
vestiture.
Usually a desert-plant, never tall, often almost glabrous,
hardly woody ; leaves from broad- to narrow-linear,
mostly acute, quite entire ; headlets of flowers com-
298 Key to the System of
paratively large, often conspicuously stalked ; involucral
bracts of unequal length ; lamina of ray-flowers rather
long- extended, generally bluish ; pappus of marginal
flowers consisting of capillary disconnected hairlets, that
of the central flowers much reduced, partly scale-like.
M. leptophylla.
ERXG-BRON.
1351. Headlets of flowers several in a panicle.
Tall perennial sub-alpine plant, branched and nearly
glabrous ; leaves from broad-linear to lanceolar, the
lower elongated and distantly denticulated ; involucral
bracts very narrow, much pointed ; ray-flowers in about
two rows, whitish ; fruits scantily beset with hairlets.
E. conyzoides.
Headlets of flowers singly terminal ... ... ... 1352
1352. Stems branchless.
Perennial, but quite herbaceous, never tall, here alpine ;
radical leaves from obovate- to linear-lanceolar, entire or
somewhat denticulated ; stem-leaves much reduced in
number and size; involucral bracts mostly linear-lanceolar;
ray-flowers in about two rows, the expansions generally
violet; fruits glabrous. E. pappochromus.
Stems branched.
Coast-plant, slightly woody, never tall, generally ascending
or diffuse ; leaves very small, narrow-linear ; ray-flowers
in several rows ; bristlets of pappus comparatively few,
slightly plumous. E. minurioides.
VITTADINIA.
1353. Fruits streaked, shorter than the pappus.
Perennial herb, finally somewhat woody, usually rather
dwarf and much beset with hairlets ; branches leafy ;
leaves often small, from spatular-obovate to narrow-
linear, entire or somewhat indented or even incised, their
upper end often folded inward ; ray-flowers sometimes
reduced to two rows, often bluish ; stigmas pointed ;
pappus-bristlets rather long, occasionally slightly plumous;
fruits somewhat elongated, beset with short hairlets.
V. Australis.
Victorian Plants. 299
ASTER.
1354. Quite herbaceous.
Alpine tufted plant; stems branchless; leaves mostly radical,
from broad -linear to elongate - lanceolar, recurved or
revolute along the margin, clasping with broad base,
beset with a silvery-silklike finally deciduous vestiture
above and with a velvetlike indument underneath ;
stem-leaves much shortened or bract-like ; flower-headlets
large, singly terminal ; involucral bracts acute ; radiating
expansions of marginal flowers white or slightly purplish ;
fruits beset with silk -like vestiture. A, Celmisia.
Nearly or fully shrubby 1355
1355. Leaves opposite or axillary-clustered ... 1356
Leaves scattered 1365
1356. Leaves opposite, large ... 1357
Leaves clustered, small ... ... ... 1359
1357. Leaves comparatively narrow.
Alpine shrub, evergreen and rather tall ; leaves very firm,
elongated, from broad-linear to narrowly lanceolar-ellip-
tical, entire, slightly recurved along the margin, glabrous
above, densely beset with silk-like greyish vestiture
beneath ; headlets of flowers rather small, on slender
stalks in corymbous or trichotomous panicles ; floral ray
whitish ; fruits glabrous. A. alpicola.
Leaves comparatively broad ... ... ... ... 1358
1358. Leaves densely beset with brownish velvet-like
vestiture underneath.
An alpine or sub-alpine shrub, rather tall ; leaves firm, from
elliptical to almost ovate, flat, entire, above glabrous, the
vestiture beneath without lustre ; headlets of flowers in
corymbous panicles ; floral ray white ; fruits invested
with short hairlets. A. megalophyllus.
Leaves thinly beset with whitish silk-like vestiture
underneath.
Finally tall ; leaves of thin texture, from lanceolar to
elliptical, entire, flat, sticky ; headlets of flowers rather
small, in cymous panicles ; flowers comparatively few
within each involucre ; corollas of central flowers pale ;
ray reduced to four or fewer expansions, white or violet-
coloured ; fruits nearly glabrous. A. visGOSUS.
300 Key to the System of
1359. Vestiture much consisting of simple septate hairlets.
Shrub, seldom tall, invested extensively with minute
glandule -bearing hairlets ; leaves short, linear, soon re-
curved along the margin ; headlets of flowers short,
terminally sessile, forming narrow leafy panicles ; floral
ray bluish ; fruits beset with short hairlets.
A. Beiithami.
Vestiture consisting of somewhat cottony hairlets ... 1360
1360. Marginal corollas with a minute flat expansion .. 1361
Marginal corollas with a very conspicuous flat
expansion ... ... .. ... ... 1362
1361. Flowers few within each involucre.
Bather tall; leaves linear, somewhat elongated, revolute
at the margin, many in clusters ; headlets of flowers very
small, axillary, nearly sessile ; involucral bracts blunt ;
expansions of marginal corollas almost obliterated ; fruits
beset with hairlets. A. tubuliflorus.
Flowers several within each involucre.
A coast-shrub, rather tall; leaves somewhat elongated,
from obovate-cuneate to linear, revolute at the margin ;
headlets of flowers axillary, sessile, small ; involucral
bracts blunt ; expansions of marginal corollas almost
obliterated ; fruits usually beset with hairlets.
A. axillaris.
1362. Flowers several within each involucre ... ... 1363
Flowers few within each involucre ... ... ... 1364
1363. Leaves from orbicular- to elliptic-ovate.
Shrub, rather tall, much beset with very minute but usually
spreading hairlets ; leaves very small, recurved at the
margin, many in clusters, somewhat cottony underneath ;
headlets of flowers quite small, mostly on abbreviated
branchlets singly terminal; floral ray white; fruits beset
with very short hairlets. A. iiiicropliyllus.
Leaves almost linear.
Shrub, finally tall, much beset with minute but usually
spreading hairlets ; leaves very small, soon much spread-
ing, recurved at the margin, many in clusters, often
Victorian Plant*. 301
somewhat cottony underneath ; headlets of flowers small,
on abbreviated branchlets terminal ; floral ray usually
white ; corolla of central flowers pale ; fruits generally
beset with hairlets. A. ramulosus.
1364. Leaves soon spreading.
An alpine shrub, finally tall ; branchlets very slender,
their vestiture appressed ; leaves minute, from narrow-
elliptical to almost ovate, recurved at the margin, many
in clusters; headlets of flowers very small, singly terminal,
but crowded into almost leafy paniculate spikes ; involu-
cral bracts comparatively few ; floral ray white ; fruits
generally somewhat beset with hairlets.
A. florulentus.
Leaves permanently appressed.
A shrub, finally rather tall ; vestiture of branchlets some-
what cottony ; leaves very minute, from elliptical to
almost orbicular, recurved at the margin, many in clusters;
headlets of flowers singly terminal on the ultimate
branchlets ; floral ray usually white ; fruits generally
beset with hairlets. A. lepidophyllus.
1365. Corollas of central flowers violet 1366
Corollas of central flowers yellowish or seldom
whitish 1367
1366. Leaves beset with starry vestiture underneath.
Finally tall ; leaves from broad-linear to narrow-elliptical,
blunt, wavy and recurved at the margin, often faintly
lobed ; headlets of flowers rather small, singly terminal,
conspicuously stalked ; involucral bracts almost in two
rows, of nearly equal length ; floral ray bluish ; fruits
often invested with shining hairlets.
A. asterotrichns.
Leaves beset with silk-like vestiture underneath.
Finally tall ; vestiture of branchlets appressed ; leaves quite
small but firm, from elliptic- to spatular-cuneate, recurved
at the margin, entire or at the upper end indented ;
headlets of flowers rather small, singly terminating
branchlets, but often forming leafy corymbs ; involucral
bracts in few rows, bluish at the margin ; floral ray
bluish ; fruits nvested with shining appressed hairlets.
A. ioclochrous.
302 Key to the System of
1367. Finally tall-arborescent.
A sylvan tree of musky scent ; leaves large, rather firm,
mostly ovate-lanceolar, denticulated, underneath beset
with silk-like vestiture ; headlets of flowers small, amply
paniculated ; flowers comparatively few within each in-
volucre ; floral ray white, rather short ; fruits scantily
beset with hairlets. "Musk-tree." A. argophyllus.
Shrubby or rarely somewhat arborescent ... ... 1368
1368. Quite glabrous 1369
Variously invested with hairlets ... ... ... 1374
1369. Leaves decurrent on the branchlets.
A desert-shrub, hardly tall, always sticky; leaves rather
small and distant, mostly from elliptic- to cuneate- linear,
entire or oftener imperfectly indented ; headlets of
flowers small ; floral ray white ; fruits beset with silk-like
vestiture. A. decurrens.
Leaves simply sessile ... ... 1370
1370. Leaves linear-cylindrical.
A swamp-shrub, rather tall and slender, prominently
glandular- dotted ; leaves somewhat elongated, acute,
closely revolute at the margin ; headlets of flowers very
small, corymbously paniculated ; floral ray white ; fruits
beset with silk-like hairlets. A. glandulosus.
Leaves nearly or quite flat ... ... ... ... 1371
1371. Headlets of flowers corymbously terminal.
A coast-shrub, finally rather tall, somewhat sticky ;
leaves linear, rather long, hardly pointed, almost flat or
somewhat revolute at the margin ; headlets of flowers
small, corymbously terminal ; floral ray white ; fruits
scantily beset with hairlets. A. glutescens.
Headlets of flowers singly terminal 1372
1372. Headlets of flowers rather small.
A desert-shrub, scarcely tall, always sticky ; leaves small,
from obovate- to cuneate-spatular, flat, generally some-
what denticulated ; headlets of flowers almost sessile,
terminating branchlets ; floral ray white or slightly
purplish ; fruits beset with silk-like vestiture.
A. Mueller! .
Victorian Plants. 303
Headlets of flowers rather large ... ... ... 1373
1373. Fruits beset with silk-like vestiture.
A desert- shrub, scarcely tall, always sticky ; leaves quite
small, mostly ovate-cuneate, indented ; headlets of flowers
terminating branchlets ; floral ray white.
A. calcareus.
Fruits glabrous.
A desert-shrub, seldom tall, always sticky ; leaves small,
from elliptic- to linear-cuneate, flat, somewhat brittle,
often indented at the upper end ; headlets of flowers
terminating branchlets ; floral ray very conspicuous,
white ; fruits rather long. A, niagniflorus.
1374. Floral ray bluish or purplish 1375
Floral ray white ... ... 1378
1375. Leaves as well as headlets of flowers relatively large.
A desert-shrub, rather tall, rough from rigid jointed
hairlets ; leaves comparatively thin, from obovate- to
lanceolar-elliptical, denticulated, sessile or even clasping ;
headlets of flowers broad, conspicuously stalked, often
somewhat corymbously arranged ; involucral bracts in
two rows of almost equal length, acute ; expansions of
marginal flowers rather narrow ; fruits nearly glabrous.
(Erigeron rudis.) A. exul.
Leaves as well as headlets of flowers relatively small 1376
1376. Leaves appressed.
Shrub, seldom tall, sticky, hardly spreading ; leaves minute,
crowded, linear-cylindrical, blunt ; headlets of flowers
quite small, terminating leafy branchlets ; involucre
remaining much contracted ; fruits glabrous, black ;
pappus short. A. teretifolius.
Leaves spreading .- 1377
1377. Quite shrubby.
, Rather tall, much beset with simple glandule-bearing hair-
lets ; leaves rather long and flaccid, linear, acute, at the
margin revolute ; headlets of flowers solitary or two or
few near together, rather broad ; fruits beset with silk-
like vestiture. A. acleiiopliorus.
304 Key to the System of
Semiherbaceous.
Dwarf, somewhat beset with rigid hairlets ; leaves linear,
sessile, pointed, at the margin revolute ; headlets of
flowers rather small, singly terminal on long and slender
stalks, the latter often slightly cottony towards the
summit ; fruits somewhat or hardly beset with hairlets.
A. Huegelii.
1378. Headlets of flowers usually solitary ... ... 1379
Headlets of flowers racemose or corymbose .. ... 1380
1379. Leaves always large.
Shrub, rather tall, much beset with a velvet-like whitish or
somewhat brownish vestiture ; leaves from cordate- to
elliptic-ovate, entire, but slightly wavy at the margin,
nearly glabrous and much wrinkled above ; headlets of
flowers very large, on long stalks ; floral ray much
elongated, white or somewhat purplish ; fruits beset
with shining appressed hairlets ; bristlets of pappus
copious. Figure 81. A. pannosus.
Leaves small.
A desert-shrub, finally rather tall, much beset with a close
grey vestiture ; leaves mostly from elliptic- to ovate-
cuneate, recurved at the margin ; headlets of flowers
short-stalked ; floral ray white ; fruits densely beset
with hairlets. A. pimeleoides.
1380. Leaves broad ... ... ... ... ... ... 1381
Leaves very narrow ... ... ... ... ... 1382
1381. Vestiture silk-like.
Shrub, from somewhat dwarf to rather tall, much beset
with a silver - shining appressed sometimes reddish
vestiture ; leaves firm, musky scented, from obovate- to
lanceolar-elliptical, often denticulated or occasionally
deeply indented, above glabrous and reticular-venulated ;
headlets of flowers somewhat corymbously arranged or
only three or two together, seldom solitary ; involucre
narrow; few or even only two of the corollas flatly
expanding, their lamina white ; fruits soon glabrous.
A. myrsinoides.
Victorian Plants. 305
Vestiture velvet-like.
Shrub, rather tall ; leaves from elliptical to cordate-ovate,
imperfectly indented, scantily beset with hairlets above ;
headlets of flowers rather large, conspicuously stalked,
few or two together or solitary ; floral ray usually white ;
fruits beset with hairlets. A. dentatus.
1382. Headlets of flowers arranged in corymbs.
From rather dwarf to finally very tall, often riparian ;
leaves from quite small to comparatively large, mostly
lanceolar, occasionally verging into a narrow elliptic or
ovate form, distantly indented or denticulated, usually
much wrinkled above,. closely beset with stellular hairlets
beneath ; headlets of flowers rather small, conspicuously
stalked, often forming corymbs ; floral ray white ; fruits
beset with hairlets. A. stelltilatus.
Headlets of flowers arranged in spike-like racemes.
Desert-shrub, rather tall and slender ; leaves small, linear,
revolute at the margin, beset with hairlets underneath ;
headlets of flowers copious, slender ; involucre hemi-
ellipsoid, somewhat yellowish outside ; floral ray white ;
fruits beset with appressed shining hairlets.
A. Mitchelli.
BRACHirCOTOE.
1383. Corollas of marginal flowers with exceedingly minute
expansions.
An annual dwarf desert-plant ; leaves pinnatifid, the lobes
acute ; headlets of flowers small ; fruit obovate, flat, the
surrounding membrane cleft into hooked lobes ; pappus
absent. B. coliina.
Corollas of marginal flowers with long flat expansions,
forming a ray ... ... ... ... ... 1384
1384. Expansions of marginal corollas yellow.
Perennial desert-plant, beset with short glandule-bearing
hairlets ; leaves mostly at the lower portion of the stem
only, elliptic-cuneate, notched at the upper end ; fruit
brownish, compressed, surrounded by a fringed mem-
• brane ; pappus conspicuous. B.
Expansions of marginal corollas white or bluish ... 1385
x
306 Key to the System of
J ; : : : —
1385. Perennial 1386
Annual ... ... ... ... 1402
1386. Fruits black ... 1387
Fruits brownish ... ... ... ... ... 1388
1387. Leaves indented towards the summit, beset with
minute glandule-bearing hairlets.
Rather dwarf desert-plant ; leaves mostly elliptic-cuneate,
short-lobed towards the upper end ; fruit obovate, some-
what compressed, granular-rough, without any marginal
membrane ; pappus stellular. B. melanocarpa.
Leaves dissected into narrow segments, glabrous.
Much branched, generally glabrous ; leaves pinnatisected,
the segments often again divided ; headlets of flowers
small, on very slender stalks ; fruits narrow-ellipsoid,
slightly compressed, rough, without any membranous
margin ; pappus stellular. . B. multifida.
1388. Pappus absent.
Nearly glabrous, producing offshoots from the root, branch-
less or hardly branched ; leaves linear or the lower
lanceolar-linear, never numerous on the stem ; headlets
of flowers small, on long stalks ; fruits obovate, com-
pressed, with a thick margin, but without any membrane.
B. graminea.
Pappus present ... ... ... ... ... 1389
1389. Stems reduced to leafless flowerstalks ... • ... 1390
Stems bearing leaves 1391
1390. Leaves doubly pinnatisected.
Alpine, glabrous ; leaves all radical, slender-stalked, the
segments very narrow, entire or oftener subdivided ;
fruits much compressed, only the outer broad-mem-
branously margined. B. nivalis.
Leaves only denticulated.
Dwarf, nearly glabrous ; leaves all radical, crowded, from
obovate- to elliptical - cuneate, generally denticulated
towards the summit ; headlets of flowers short- and
strong-stalked, rather large ; involucral bracts purplish-
dark at the edge ; fruits flat, without any membranous
margin ; pappus stellular. " Native Daisy."
B. decipiens.
Victorian Plants. 307
1391. Fruits all or some with a conspicuous marginal
membrane ... ... ... ... 1392
Fruits all without a marginal membrane ... ... 1397
1392. Leaves pinnatisected.
Finally slightly shrubby; branches thin; segments of leaves
narrow, usually entire and acute ; headlets of flowers
quite small ; fruits compressed, mostly granular-rough,
their membranous margin often fringed or ciliolated, but
the outer fruit without any marginal membrane ; pappus
minute. B. ciliaris.
Leaves short-lobed or indented or entire ... ... 1393
1393. Partly beset with hairlets 1394
Nearly or quite glabrous ... ... ... ... 1396
1394. Root producing offshoots.
Beset with scattered much appressed hairlets; radical
leaves long-stalked, acutely lobed ; stem-leaves few,
elliptic-lanceolar, somewhat indented or entire ; headlets
of flowers comparatively large, on long stalks ; fruits
granular-rough, broad-margined. B. heterodonta.
Roots without any offshoots ... ... ... ... 1395
1395. Pappus minute.
Much beset with short jointed and often glandule-bearing
hairlets, seldom almost glabrous ; lower leaves from
obovate- to elliptic-cuneate, bluntly lobed ; upper leaves
narrower and less indented; headlets of flowers com-
paratively large ; involucral bracts very blunt ; fruits flat,
somewhat granular-rough, broadly margined ; pappus
minute. B. stricta.
Pappus conspicuous.
A rather robust desert-herb, imperfectly beset with cottony
vestiture ; stems several, mostly branchless ; leaves from
linear- to lanceolar-cuneate, often acutely short-lobed
towards the summit, the upper leaves sessile ; headlets
of flowers comparatively large, long-stalked ; fruits com-
pressed, granular- or aculeolar- rough, their membranous
margin fringed with upward dilated lobules ; pappus
conspicuous. B. calocarpa.
308 Key to the System of
1396. Leaves from obovate- to elliptic-cuneate.
Often rather tall ; leaves mostly radical, bluntly short-
lobed or merely indented at the upper end, the stem-leaves
distant, sessile and narrower ; headlets of flowers rather
large ; involucral bracts comparatively narrow, acute ;
fruits flat, their membranous margin usually entire ;
pappus-bristlets very short, but somewhat dilated down-
ward. B. scapiformis.
Leaves linear.
Relatively tall; leaves nearly all radical, tufted, much
elongated, entire ; headlets of flowers comparatively
large ; fruits flat, their membranous margin usually
entire ; pappus very conspicuous. B. cardiocarpa.
1397. Roots producing offshoots ... ... ... ... 1398
Roots without any offshoots ... ... ... ... 1399
1398. Pappus conspicuous.
Quite glabrous ; stems slender, branchless ; leaves nearly
all radical, linear, entire or rarely few-lobed ; headlets of
flowers rather large ; involucral bracts broadish, blunt ;
fruits obovate, hardly compressed, few-streaked, thick-
margined ; pappus stellular. B. radicans.
Pappus very minute.
Creeping, somewhat beset with short glandule-bearing hair-
lets ; leaves from linear- to narrow-lanceolar, entire, the
carinular venule prominent ; headlets of flowers rather
small ; involucral bracts acute ; fruits almost elliptical,
distinctly compressed, granular-rough, thick-margined.
B. angustifolia.
1399. Leaves all lobed or indented.
A rather tall and robust herb, generally beset with jointed
hairlets ; lower leaves from obovate to elliptical, mostly
pinnatifid and with broadish incised or indented or entire
lobes ; upper leaves less divided and somewhat clasping
with a dilated base ; headlets of flowers large ; fruits
oblique-ellipsoid, hardly compressed, somewhat angular ;
pappus conspicuous. B. diversifolia.
Leaves all or mostly entire ... ... ... ... 1400
1400. Fruits smooth.
Glabrous ; leaves nearly all radical, from linear- to elliptic-
lanceolar, long-stalked, entire ; headlets of flowers rather
small ; fruits compressed, blunt-edged ; pappus minute.
B. scapigera.
Victorian Plants. 309
Fruits rough 1401
1401. Lower leaves broadish, all entire.
Rather tall, glabrous ; branches hardly spreading ; leaves
greyish-green, the lower from obovate- to elliptic-lanceolar,
the upper narrower ; headlets of flowers relatively small,
slender-stalked; fruits finally turgid ; pappus very minute.
B. basaltica.
All leaves narrow or the lower lobed-dilated.
Somewhat glandular-rough ; branches rather spreading,
slender ; leaves linear, nearly or quite entire, seldom
pinnatilobed, the upper short and distant; headlets of
flowers relatively small ; fruits almost clavate, granular-
rough, bluntly margined ; pappus minute.
B. t rachy carp a.
1402. Fruits with a turgidly or membranously enlarged
margin 1403
Fruits without any enlarged margin ... ... 1405
1403. Fruits very turgid at the margin.
Dwarf ; leaves all radical, mostly pinnatifid, their segments
narrow; headlets of flowers small, on long slender stalks ;
involucral bracts broadish, blunt ; floral ray quite short ;
fruits brownish, slightly compressed, cottony-ciliolated
and on both sides lined by a narrow longitudinal ridglet ;
pappus conspicuous, stellular. B. pachyptera.
Fruits membranous at the margin ... ... ... 1404
1404. Fruits longitudinally streaked on both sides, by three
rough lines.
Dwarf, often glabrous ; leaves pinnatifid, with narrow and
acute lobes ; headlets of flowers small, on long thin
stalks ; involucral bracts rather broad, blunt ; receptacle
almost conical ; fruits small, brownish, much compressed,
ciliolated ; pappus minute. B. ptycliocarpa.
Fruits without longitudinal streaks.
Dwarf, often somewhat beset with hairlets ; leaves pin-
natifid or some trifid, the lobes narrow and acute ;
headlets of flowers small, on very thin and propor-
tionately long stalks ; involucral bracts comparatively
narrow; fruit obovate, flat, brownish, ciliolated ; pappus
stellular, conspicuous. B. debilis.
310 Key to the System of
1405. Leaves deeply cleft into narrow lobes.
Dwarf, often somewhat beset with minute jointed glandule-
bearing hairlets ; leaves acutely lobed or some lobeless ;
headlets of flowers small, on very thin and proportionately
long stalks ; involucral bracts comparatively few, blunt ;
fruits quite small, brownish, narrow, quadrangular, some-
what compressed ; pappus stellular. B. exilis.
Leaves shortly cleft into broadish lobes.
Dwarf, often beset with jointed hairlets ; lower leaves
pinnatifid, upper indented or some of them entire ; head-
lets of flowers rather small ; floral ray quite short ; fruits
angular, granular-rough, the marginal fruits ciliolated ;
pappus stellular. B. goniocarpa.
Z.AGBNOPKORA.
1406. Root producing elongated offshoots.
Rather dwarf ; stems unbranched, slender ; leaves nearly
all basal, from obovate- to cuneate-elliptical, somewhat
indented or distantly denticulated, usually beset with,
short hairlets ; the stem-leaves mostly rudimentary and
bract-like; headlets of flowers quite small, singly terminal;
involucral bracts mostly narrow, in few rows ; expansion
of marginal corollas generally bluish ; perfect fruits com-
pressed, narrowed into a very short stalklet.
L. BiUardieri.
Root without any conspicuous offshoots.
Somewhat tall ; leaves mostly basal, from lanceolar- to
obovate-elliptical, much indented, beset with jointed
hairlets ; stem-leaves quite small, entire ; headlets of
flowers singly terminal ; involucral bracts rather broad,
in several rows ; expansion of marginal corollas generally
bluish ; perfect fruits compressed, oblique-obovate, their
basal attenuation very short. L. Huegelii.
SOIiENOGYNE
1407. Stems robust, about as long as the leaves or shorter.
Dwarf, often densely beset with minute hairlets ; steins
leafless, upwards slightly turgid; leaves radiate-spreading,
elliptic-cuneate ; headlets of flowers quite small ; in-
volucral bracts broadish, blunt ; marginal flowers very
small ; fruits considerably compressed. Figure 78.
(Lagenophora Emphysopus. ) S. Emphysopus.
Victorian Plants. 311
ABROTANEXiXiA.
1408. Leaves rigid, linear.
Depressed into ramified patches, glabrous ; leaves shining,
spreading, at the base clasping ; headlets of flowers very
small, singly terminal, sessile or short- stalked ; in-
volucral bracts streaked by three transparent vemiles ;
fruit bluntly angular. Figure 89. A. nivigena.
COTUIiA.
1409. Annual.
Erect, slender, almost glabrous ; leaves threadlike-linear ;
headlets of flowers on elongated stalks ; involucral bracts
few, very broad ; marginal flowers in one row, without
corolla and stamens, their fruits on distinct stalklets and
each surrounded by a thin membrane ; fruits of the
central flowers flat, smooth, without any membranous
margin. C. filifolia.
Perennial ... ... 1410
1410. Leaves indented or some entire.
Diffuse or partly prostrate and creeping, glabrous ; leaves
from elliptic- to linear-lanceolar, occasionally rather
long-lobed, generally dilated towards the clasping base ;
headlets of flowers comparatively large, on elongated
stalks ; marginal flowers in one row, without any
corolla and stamens; on conspicuous stalklets, and each
surrounded by a thin membrane ; fruits of the central
flowers turgidly margined. C. COronopifolia.
Leaves pinnatisected ... ... ... ... 1411
1411. Marginal flowers without any corolla ... ... 1412
Marginal flowers with a minute corolla ... ... 1413
1412. Headlets of flowers on elongated thread-like stalks.
Diffuse, lax, much beset with soft hairlets ; leaves flaccid,
short-stalked, their segments mostly cleft into narrow
lobes ; headlets of flowers very small ; marginal flowers
in several rows, each on a distinct stalklet, surrounded
by a narrow membrane ; fruits of the central flowers
without any expanding margin. C. Australis.
Headlets of flowers on short, rather thick stalks.
An alpine dwarf glabrous plant, somewhat creeping ; leaves
short-stalked, their segments rather narrow, entire or
slightly incised ; marginal flowers in several rows, each
on a minute stalklet, their fruits thickly margined and
often somewhat ciliolated. C. alpiiia.
312 Key to the System of
1413. Involucral bracts few, nearly orbicular.
Chiefly a coast-plant, creeping, dwarf, nearly glabrous; -leaves
somewhat succulent, long-stalked, their segments rather
broad, incised ; receptacle conical ; flower-stalks with
leaf-stalks from nodes of the creeping stems, much
elongated \ marginal flowers in several rows, their fruits
bluntly margined. C. reptans.
Involucral bracts several, nearly oval.
An alpine dwarf plant, much beset with, soft hairlets ;
leaf-segments rather broadish, often somewhat indented ;
headlets of flowers on short and robust stalks ; receptacle
conical ; marginal flowers in several rows, their fruits
unprovided with stalklets, thickly margined. •
C. Filicula.
CENTIFHDA.
1414. Mostly prostrate.
Perennial odorous herb, rather weak; leaves mostly elliptic-
cuneate, towards the base narrow and entire ; headlets of
flowers somewhat stalked, almost hemispherical ; invo-
lucral bracts hardly membranous at the margin ; flowers
emersed ; -outer flowers in several rows, their corolla
minute; fruits upwards ellipsoid, streaked to the summit.
"Sneeze- weed." C. orbicularis.
Mostly erect ... ... ... 1415
1415. Headlets of flowers almost hemispherical.
Perennial odorous herb, rather robust ; leaves also towards
the dilated base denticulated, often somewhat crisped ;
headlets of flowers relatively large, sessile ; involucral
bracts membranous at the margin ; flowers emersed ;
outer flowers in numerous rows, their corolla minute ;
fruits upwards cylindrical and there streakless. Figure 88.
C. Cunningham!.
Headlets of flowers almost semiovate.
Perennial desert-herb ; leaves denticulated also towards the
dilated base ; headlets of flowers relatively large, sessile ;
involucral bracts membranous at the margin ; flowers
enclosed ; outer flowers in few rows ; corolla of all flowers
turgid towards the base ; fruits upwards cylindrical and
there streaked. C. thespidioides.
Victorian Plants. 313
23PALTES.
1416. Leaves mostly from obovate- to spatular-cuneate.
Depressed or ascending perennial herb; leaves conspicuously
stalked; headlets of flowers almost ' sessile or on very
short stalks, broader th^an long ; involucral bracts from
ovate to orbicular, bending considerably inward ; flowers
enclosed ; non - stammate flowers numerous ; fruits
slender, glabrous, subtle-streaked. E. Australis.
ELACHANTHUS.
1417. Scalelets of pappus subtly pennular-streaked.
Leaves quite short, linear-semicylindrical ; involucral bracts
from ovate-lanceolar to elliptical ; flowers within each
involucre rather few ; corolla of the non-stamiriate flowers
gradually attenuated upwards into its minute lobeless
summit ; pappus-scalelets from few to several, very
minutely denticulated, or those of the central flowers
more evidently serrulated; fertile fruits almost obovate,
beset with a silk-like vestiture. E. ptisillus.
ETHULIOFSIS.
1418. Somewhat dichotomously branched.
Erect ; leaves sessile, the upper gradually much reduced in
size ; denticulation irregular, sometimes lobular and
crisped ; involucral bracts in few rows of unequal length,
broadish and slightly yellowish ; corollas pale ; pappus
of the staminate flowers formed of only few somewhat
flattened and ciliolated bristlets ; fertile fruits clavate-
and oblique-ellipsoid, glabrous, with a narrow decurrently
prominent line along the inner. side. Figure 82.
(Epaltes Cunninghami.) E. Cunningham.!.
PODOSPBBMA.
1419. Involucre elongated, comparatively narrow.
Erect or ascending, never tall, branchless or scantily
branched ; leaves nearly or quite linear, somewhat dis-
tant, relatively long, but the floral leaves abbreviated ;
involucre at first almost cylindrical, at last broadly
obconical ; involucral bracts narrow, acute ; corollas long,
very slender to near the summit, hardly exserted ; brist-
lets of pappus few ; fruits beset with hairlets.
(Podotheca angustif olia. ) P. angustifolium.
314 Key to the Sy stern of
IXZO&AENA.
1420. Leaves much narrowed at the base.
Scantily beset with cottony vestitnre; leaves from linear- to
elliptic-lanceolar, often recurved at the margin ; headlets
of flowers on elongated distantly bracteate stalks, broader
than long ; involucral bracts generally beset with minute
glandule-bearing hairlets, the inner ending in a minute
scarious lamina ; flowers somewhat exserted ; bristlets of
the pappus usually several, shorter than the corolla,
slightly ciliolated ; fruits almost glabrous.
I. leptolepis.
Leaves conspicuously clasping at the base.
Much beset with cottony vestiture'; leaves mostly from
narrow- to broad -lanceolar, pointed, revolute at the
margin ; headlets of flowers on rather short stalks, longer
than broad ; flowers hardly exserted ; pappus-bristlets
usually many, about as long as the corollas, very slightly
ciliolated ; fruits almost glabrous. I. tome lit osa.
FODOXiEFXS.
1421. Headlets of flowers almost hemiellipsoid-cylindricaL
Erect desert-plant ; leaves elongated, from broad- to narrow-
lanceolar, recurved along the margin, the upper sessile
and clasping at the base ; headlets of flowers usually few
or several together at the summit of branchlets ; in-
volucral bracts yellowish, wrinkled, all sessile, pointed ;
marginal flowers similar to all others and hardly longer ;
fruits somewhat papillular-rough.
F. rutidochlaniys.
Headlets of flowers almost hemispherical ... ... 1422
1422. Headlets of flowers relatively large ... 1423
Headlets of flowers relatively small ... . ... ... 1426
1423. Involucral bracts much wrinkled.
Perennial coast- or desert-plant, often somewhat beset with
cottony vestiture, hardly or scantily branched ; leaves
from elliptic- to linear -lanceolar or the upper quits linear;
headlets of flowers quite large, solitary, on elongated
Victorian Plants. 315
transparently bracteate stalks ; involucral bracts yellow-
ish or brownish, mostly blunt, stalk -like at their base ;
marginal flowers much longer than all the others, their
corollar expansion flat, at the summit incised ; fruits
somewhat papillular-rough. P. rugata.
Involucral bracts nearly smooth ... ... • .. 1424
1424. Annual.
Desert plant, never tall, somewhat beset with cottony vesti-
ture ; leaves lanceolar or the upper gradually linear,
recurved along the margin ; headlets of flowers rather
large, singly terminal on thin transparently bracteate
stalks ; involucral bracts yellowish, much pointed, the
inner with stalk-like base ; marginal flowers somewhat
longer than the rest, their corollar expansion flat, incised
at the summit. F. canesceiis.
Perennial ... ... ... ... ... .. 1425
1425. Stalk-like base of the inner involucral bracts quite
enclosed.
Often rather tall and soon nearly glabrou.s; lower leaves
from elliptic- to elongate-lanceolar, the upper gradually
narrower and clasping ; headlets of flowers quite large,
singly terminal on conspicuous rather robust bracteate
stalks; involucral bracts yellowish, mostly acute, their
stalk-like base concealed ; marginal flowers much longer
than the rest, their corollar expansion either flat or some-
what tubular, conspicuously lobed ; fruit papillular-rough.
F. acuminata.
Stalk-like base of the inner involucral bracts partly
exserted.
Often rather tall and soon nearly glabrous ; lower leaves
from elliptic- to elongate-lanceolar, the upper narrower
and clasping, recurved along the margin ; headlets of
flowers solitary or oftener two or few together at and
towards the summit of the stem or branches ; involucral
bracts lax, yellowish, even the outermost often stalk -like
somewhat narrowed ; marginal flowers much longer than
the rest, their corollar expansion flat, conspicuously lobed;
fruits papillular-rough. F. loiigipedata,
316 Key to the System of
1426. Marginal flowers about as long as any of the others.
Annual desert-plant, seldom tall; branches thin ; stem -
leaves rather small, from ovate- to elliptic-lanceolar,
sessile, clasping, particularly underneath beset with
somewhat cottony vestiture ; headlets of flowers solitary,
on long thread-like often dark-purplish bractless stalks ;
involucral bracts closely oppressed, yellowish, quite
smooth, very shining ; pappus of the marginal flowers
usually absent, of the others reduced to eight or less
bristlets. P. Lessoni.
Marginal flowers longer than any of the others.
Annual desert-plant, almost glabrous ; branches very thin,
usually numerous ; leaves filiform-linear, quite short ;
headlets of flowers on long thread-like bractless stalks ;
involucral bracts blunt, pale-yellowish, quite smooth,
very shining; marginal flowers with whitish corollar
expansion and without any pappus ; fruits glabrous.
F. Siemssenia.
CASSZNIA.
1427. Herbaceous.
Tall, robust, much beset with interwoven hairlets ; leaves
large,, from ovate- to elongate-lanceolar, mostly clasping
and somewhat decurrent ; headlets of flowers broadish,
in an ample lax panicle ; involucral bracts pale-brownish
or pale-yellow, shining, transparent; fruits streaked.
C. spectabilis.
Shrubby - 1428
1428. Involucral bracts pale-yellowish ... ... ... 1429
Involucral bracts white *... ... ... ... 1430
1429. Much beset with a close vestiture.
A desert-shrub ; leaves crowded, cylinclric-linear, quite
short, often recurved-pointed ; headlets of flowers in
rather elongated somewhat pyramidal panicles ; in:
volucral bracts transparent, shining ; flowers four or
less within each involucre. Figure 84. C. arcuata.
Almost glabrous.
Leaves rather long, cylindric-linear, smooth ; headlets of
flowers in somewhat abbreviated panicles ; involucral
bracts shining ; flowers few within each involucre.
C. quiii quef aria.
Victorian Plants. 317
1430. Leaves cylindric-linear.
Much beset with very short but usually rigid and spreading
hairlets ; leaves from rather short to comparatively
long, crowded, mostly rough above ; headlets of flowers
narrow, in corymbously contracted panicles ; involucral
bracts without lustre outside ; flowers from few to several
within each involucre. C. aculeata.
Leaves from narrow- to elongate-lanceolar.
Imperfectly beset with a short vestiture ; leaves always
comparatively long, glabrous and smooth above, flat or
somewhat recurved at the margin ; headlets of flowers
narrow, in corymbously contracted panicles ; involucral
bracts without lustre outside ; flowers few or several
within each involucre. C. longifolia.
XXODIA.
1431. Involucres from the base to the petaloid ray green,
viscid-shining.
Shrub, finally rather tall, glabrous ; leaves from broad-
linear to narrowly elongate-lanceolar, sessile ; headlets
of flowers corymbously crowded ; involucral bracts
appressed ; corollas whitish or somewhat purplish ;
fruits papillular-rough. I. acliilloid.es.
AXKlKOBXTTttX.
1432. Involucral bracts nearly all upwards white and most
of them soon spreading.
Erect, rather tall herb ; branches lined with leafy ex-
pansions ; lower leaves lanceolar, flat, much decurrent
011 their elongated stalk ; upper leaves gradually smaller,
distant, sessile ; headlets of flowers comparatively large ;
fruits angular. A. alatum.
ATKRXXIA.
1433. Corollas of marginal flowers without any ligular
expansions.
Annual, dwarf, somewhat beset with interwoven hairlets ;
upper leaves linear, revolute along the margin ; lower
leaves broader and flattened ; headlets of flowers small,
on elongated rigid thread-like dark-colored stalks ; in-
volucral bracts ciliolated ; marginal non-stamiiiate flowers
few ; bristlets of pappus very few, plumously expanded
towards the summit. A. teuella,
318 Key to the System of
HEXiXFTERUai.
1434. Perennial 1435
Annual ... ... 1437
1435. Glabrous except the fruits.
Never tall ; stems mostly unbranched, leafy to near the
summit ; leaves numerous, short, linear, minutely im-
pressed-dotted, the uppermost passing into bracts ;
headlets of flowers singly terminal, almost hemispherical ;
outer involucral bracts broad, brownish, mostly blunt ;
inner bracts forming a white ray ; receptacle somewhat
conical ; fruits beset with silk-like vestiture.
H. aiitliemoides.
Partially or almost entirely beset with interwoven
hairlets ... ... ... 1436
1436. Fruits beset with silk-like vestiture.
Never tall, often branched ; leaves from narrow-lanceolar
to linear, soon nearly glabrous, often somewhat incurved
at the margin, the uppermost passing into bracts ; head-
lets of flowers almost hemispherical ; involucral bracts
all shining and white or the outer pale-yellowish, very
pointed, the inner forming rays ; receptacle somewhat
conical ; bristlets of pappus rather few.
H. floribundum.
Fruits glabrous.
Never tall ; stems almost or quite branchless ; leaves flaccid,
from elliptic-lanceolar to narrow-linear, permanently and
densely beset with short hairlets, the lower elongated,
often recurved at the margin ; headlets of flowers singly
terminal, comparatively large, almost hemispherical,
hygroscopic ; outer involucral bracts whitish or yellow
or sometimes purplish or brownish, the inner forming
white or yellow or outside partly reddish rays ; fruits
pale, slightly papular-rough, somewhat attenuated at
the summit ; pappus short-plumous, upwards yellowish.
H. in can u 111.
1437. Glabrous, except portions of the involucral bracts
and the fruits 1438
Beset with interwoven hairlets ... ... 1439
Victorian Plants. 319
1438. Involucre almost hemispherical.
Never tall ; leaves from elliptic- to cunea'te- linear, the
lower often opposite ; headlets of flowers singly terminal ;
involucral bracts in few rows, the outer broad, blunt
and often somewhat brownish, the inner forming a yellow
or white ray ; fruits beset with silky vestiture.
H. polygalifolium.
Involucre almost hemiellipsoid.
Seldom tall ; leaves from elliptic- to linear-lanceolar,
greyish-green ; headlets of flowers singly terminal on
the stem or • on stalk-like branches ; involucral bracts
in few rows, the outer brownish, the inner forming a
small white or yellow ray ; flowers comparatively few
within each involucre ; fruits beset with silky vestiture,
those of the central flowers imperfect. H. strictuin,
1439. Inner involucral bracts forming a conspicuous ray ... 1440
Inner involucral bracts forming a minute ray or
unexpanding ... ... ... ... 1443
1440. Headlets of flowers singly terminal 1441
. Headlets of flowers crowded ... .. ... ... 1442
1441. Fruits turgid.
Never tall, somewhat beset with cottony hairlets ; leaves
from cylindric- to narrow-linear, rather short ; headlets
of flowers almost hemispherical ; outer involucral bracts
broadish, "inner forming a white or yellow ray ; fruits
wrinkled-rough, glabrous, those of some of the central
flowers imperfect ; pappus upwards yellowish.
H. Cotula.
Fruits flat.
Always dwarf, nearly glabrous or beset with cottony
hairlets ; leaves from filiform- to narrow-linear ; headlets
of flowers turbinate-hemispherical, on scariously bracteate
stalks ; outer involucral bracts yellow or of tener brownish,
inner forming a yellow ray ; fruits glabrous ; pappus
yellow towards the summit. H. hyalosperiimm.
1442. Headlets of flowers rather large.
Never tall, closely beset with interwoven hairlets ; leaves
flaccid, from linear- to lanceolar-elliptical ; headlets
of flowers almost semiovate, exceptionally solitary ;
receptacle elevated ; outer involucral bracts blunt,
320 Key to the System of
brownish-yellow, transparent, inner forming a white
ray ; fruits beset with silk-like vestiture, those of some
of the central flowers imperfect.
H. corymbiflorum.
Headlets of flowers quite small.
Quite dwarf, slightly beset with cottony hairlets ; leaves
from filiform- to narrow-linear, the lower often opposite,
the upper reaching the inflorescence ; head lets of flowers
almost cylindrical; outer involucral bracts brownish,
shining, transparent, ' inner forming a minute white
ray ; flowers few within each involucre ; fruits beset
with silk -like vestiture, those of the central flowers
imperfect. H. pygmaeum.
1443. Involucral bracts rigid.
Quite dwarf, somewhat beset with mostly scattered hair-
lets ; leaves from linear- to narrow-lanceolar, flat ; head-
lets of flowers scattered, sessile, semiovate, axillary and
terminal ; outer involucral bracts pale, shining, acute,
conspicuously ciliolated, inner semicoherent, particularly
rigid ; receptacle elevated ; fruits slightly rough ; pappus
of the marginal flowers absent, of the others consisting
of one to four flattish ciliolated bristlets.
H. dimorpholepis.
Involucral bracts tender-membranous .:. ... 1444
1444. Flowers from two to five within each involucre.
Never tall, closely beset with somewhat cottony vestiture ;
lower leaves from ovate- to spatular-cuneate, upper from
elliptic- to narrow-lanceolar and clasping ; headlets of
flowers quite small,, hemiellipsoid-cylindrical, densely
crowded at the summit of branches ; involucral bracts
from brownish- to pale-yellowish, transparent, none
expanding ; fruits almost glabrous, but quite concealed
within intricate hairlets from the nearest bracts ; bristlets
of pappus capillary, extremely delicate.
II, moschatum.
Flowers many within each involucre.
Very minute, somewhat branched, slightly beset with hair-
lets ; leaves from filiform- to narrow-linear ; headlets of
flowers almost semiovate, sessile ; involucral bracts from
reddish-brown or greenish to yellowish, shining, trans-
parent, none expanding ; fruits glabrous.
H-. exiguuni.
Victorian Plants. 321
HELICHRYSU1VI.
1445. Quite or almost herbaceous ... ... ... 1446
Quite shrubby ... 1458
1446. Involucral bracts forming a ray ... ... ... 1447
Involucral bracts forming no ray ... ... ... 1456
1447. Involucral ray usually yellow or somewhat brownish 1448
Involucral ray white or somewhat reddish ... ... 1450
1448. Involucral bracts smooth.
Usually rather tall and robust, glabrous or scantily
beset with hairlets, though often minutely rough; stem
branchless or sparingly branched ; leaves long, from
elliptic-lanceolar to linear or the lower occasionally
cuneate-obovate, mostly recurved along the margin ;
flower-headlets large, terminal, solitary or two or few
near together, almost hemispherical, often supported
by one or more floral leaves ; involucral bracts broad,
rigid, shining, yellow or outside reddish-brown, rarely
whitish, the majority soon spreading, the form of the
lower gradually passing into that of the upper ; fruits
glabrous. Principal " Everlasting." H. lucidum.
Involucral bracts wrinkled or crisped ... ... 1449
1449. Involucral bracts comparatively large.
Somewhat tall, partly beset with cottony hairlets ; stems
often branchless ; lower leaves from spatular- to narrow-
lanceolar, the upper gradually broad-linear and shortened,
the ultimate bract-like ; headlets of flowers almost hemi-
spherical, singly terminal ; involucral bracts lax, yellow
or the outer reddish-brownish, very exceptionally white,
the inner forming rather suddenly a short ray ; some of
the marginal flowers without stamens ; fruits glabrous.
H. scorpioides.
Involucral bracts comparatively small.
Never tall, partly beset with somewhat cottony hair-
lets ; stems often branched and not rarely depressed ;
leaves from elliptic-lanceolar to gradually broad-linear,
frequently recurved at the margin ; headlets of flowers
relatively small, almost hemispherical, singly terminal ;
involuci-al bracts lax, tender-membranous, yellow or
the outer red-brownish, the inner forming a very short
ray ; some of the marginal flowers pistillate only, with
a rudimentary or without any pappus ; fruits glabrous.
H. rutidolepis.
322 Key to the System of
1450. Pappus-bristlets plumously dilated at the summit.
Much beset with an appressed somewhat cottony vestiture ;
leaves short, linear-cylindrical, at last glabrous 011 the
outer side ; headlets of flowers comparatively large, nearly
hemispherical, singly terminating stems or branches ; in-
volucral bracts acute, ciliolated, the outer brownish, the
expansions of the inner rather narrow ; some of the
marginal flowers destitute of stamens and pappus ; fruits
smooth ; pappus-bristlets few. H. Baxter!.
Pappus-bristlets minutely ciliolated or denticulated
up to the summit ... ... ... ... ... 1451
1451. Finally very tall.
Robust, occasionally remaining rather dwarf, sometimes
sticky, partly beset with somewhat cottony vestiture ;
leaves large, mostly on clasping stalks, from ovate-
to narrow-lanceolar, soon glabrous on the upper side ;
headlets of flowers large, almost hemispherical, singly
terminating stems or corymbously approximated branch-
lets ; involucral bracts narrow, pointed, shining, white
or tinged with rosy -red ; some of the marginal flowers
destitute of stamens ; fruits somewhat papillular-rough.
H. elatum.
Never very tall ... ... ... ... ... 1452
1452. Glandular-rough.
From dwarf to somewhat tall ; leaves from lanceolar- to
narrow-linear, revolute along the margin, the upper
clasping at their base ; headlets of flowers comparatively
large, almost hemispherical ; involucral bracts all white
or the outer pale -brownish ; fruits smooth.
H. adenophorum.
Vestiture without any glandules ... ... 1453
1453. Stems or branches leafless towards the summit.
Weak and dwarf ; branchless or sparingly branched, much
beset with a closely appressed whitish shining vestiture ;
leaves rather firm, mostly basal and from spatular- to
elliptic-lanceolar, nearly flat, soon on the upper side
glabrous, the upper leaves much reduced in size or
obliterated ; headlets of flowers rather large, almost
hemispherical, singly terminal ; outer involucral bracts
brownish or reddish ; some of the marginal flowers
destitute of stamens ; fruits somewhat papillular-rough.
H. dealbatum.
Stems or branches leafy throughout ... ... ... 1454
Victorian Plants. 323
1454. Leaves rather short, quite blunt.
Partly beset with an appressed whitish close shining
vestiture ; leaves small, rigid, broad-linear, nearly flat,
on the upper side smooth ; headlets of flowers rather
large, almost hemispherical, singly terminating branches;
outer involucral bracts brownish ; expansions of the
inner bracts bluntish ; some of the marginal flowers
destitute of stamens and pappus ; fruits papillular-rough.
H. obtusifoliuin.
Leaves rather long, somewhat pointed ... ... 1455
1455. Headlets of flowers always singly terminating the
stems or branches.
Imperfectly beset with interwoven hairlets ; leaves from
ovate- or spatular- to linear-elliptical, mostly sessile, on
the upper side usually rough from minute rigid hairlets ;
headlets of flowers large, almost hemispherical, supported
by floral leaves ; involucral bracts white or somewhat
rosy-red, shining, the shortened lower bracts gradually
passing into the upper ; fruits smooth. '
H. leucopsidium.
Headlets of flowers usually more than one at or near
the summit of the stems or branches.
Never tall, branched only at the summit, densely and
extensively beset with somewhat cottony vestiture ;
leaves from elliptic- to linear-lanceolar, flaccid ; head-
lets of flowers comparatively large, almost hemispherical ;
involucral bracts pointed, the outermost densely invested
with interwoven hairlets exteriorly ; the expansions of
the inner bracts often tinged with rosy-red ; fruits
papillular-rough. H. Blandowskiaiium.
1456. Headlets of flowers singly terminal.
A desort plant, much branched, beset with glandular or
somewhat cottony vestiture ; leaves from elliptic- to
linear-lanceolar, mostly claspingly sessile, often recurved
along the margin, the upper leaves diminutive ; headlets
of flowers small, almost hemispherical ; involucral bracts
yellow, shining, ciliolated, acute ; some of the marginal
flowers without stamens and pappus ; fruits glabrous,
slightly attenuated at the summit ; pappus-bristlets some-
what plumously dilated at their summit.
H. ambiguum.
Headlets of flowers few or several or many approxi-
mated 1457
324 Key to the System of
1457. Somewhat woody.
Rather tall, often but imperfectly beset with somewhat
cottony vestiture, sometimes sticky ; leaves mostly
linear, occasionally quite short ; headlets of flowers
small, crowded into generally ample corymbs, almost
bellshaped-semiovate; involucral bracts yellow, seldom
brownish, always shining, ciliolated, acute, mostly curved
outward ; fruits glabrous ; pappus-bristlets plumously
dilated at their summit, on some the marginal flowers
absent or reduced. H. semipapposum.
Quite herbaceous.
Rather dwarf, often extensively beset with a somewhat
cottony or appressed and rather shining vestiture ; leaves
mostly from elliptic- to linear-lanceolar, flaccid and
often flat ; headlets of flowers small, few or several
crowded terminally, almost bellshaped-semiovate, hardly
ever solitary ; involucral bracts yellow, seldom brownish,
only exceptionally white or red, always shining, ciliolated,
acute ; fruits glabrous ; pappus-bristlets few, plumously
dilated at their summit, on some of the marginal flowers
absent or reduced. H, apiculatum.
1458. Inner involucral bracts forming a short white ray ... 1459
Involucre rayless ... ... ... ... ••. 1462
1459. Leaves minute.
An alpine shrub, much branched, somewhat sticky ; leaves
closely crowded, concealing the branchlets, sessile,
appressed, from ovate- to cordate-orbicular, repressed
at the margin, soon almost glabrous above; headlets of
flowers very small, few or several closely together at the
summit of most of the numerous short branchlets, sessile ;
outer involucral bracts pale-yellowish ; flowers few within
each involucre ; fruits papillular-rough.
H. baccharoides.
Leaves elongated ... ... ... ... ... 1460
1460. Leaves revolute along the margin.
An alpine shrub, rather tall, usually much beset with a
short close vestiture, not seldom sticky ; leaves firm,
broadish-linear, often blunt, revolute, occasionally
abbreviated, usually rough on the upper side ; headlets of
flowers quite small, numerous, densely crowded into com-
pound corymbs; outer involucral bracts often brownish
or reddish ; expansions of the inner bracts sometimes
tinged with red ; flowers rather few within each in-
volucre ; fruits papillular-rough.
H. rosmarinifolium.
Victorian Plants.
Leaves almost flat ... ... ... ... 1461
1461. Leaves mostly from elongate- to narrow-lanceolar.
Shrub, finally tall ; leaves of rather thin consistence, flat or
slightly recurved at the margin, greyish or brownish
on the under side from a thin vestiture ; headlets of
flowers very small, slender, densely crowded into com-
pound corymbs; outer involucral bracts pale-yellowish
or brownish, almost transparent, shining ; flowers few
within each involucre ; fruits somewhat beset with minute
hairlets. H. ferruginemn.
Leaves mostly cuneate-elliptical.
Shrub, rather tall ; leaves of rather thin consistence, often
crisped at the margin, otherwise almost or quite flat,
greyish or brownish on the under side from a close vesti-
ture ; headlets of flowers quite small, slender, densely
crowded into corymbs ; outer involucral bracts pale-
yellowish or brownish, almost transparent, shining ;
flowers few within each involucre ; fruits beset with
minute hairlets. H. cuneifblium.
1462. Leaves mostly ovate-obcordate.
Shrub, hardly tall ; leaves quite small, of firm consistence,
occasionally obovate-elliptical, greyish on the under side
from a thin vestiture ; headlets of flowers very small,
numerously and densely crowded into compound corymbs,
unexpanding; involucral bracts pale-yellow, almost trans-
parent, shining ; flowers fe\v within each involucre, one
or more destitute of stamens and pappus ; fruits slightly
rough. H. obcordatum.
Leaves mostly linear or somewhat cuneate ... ... 1463
1463. Headlets of flowers almost hemiellipsoid.
A coast-shrub, robust and finally rather tall, somewhat
sticky ; leaves firm, simply sessile, broadish-linear, often
yellowish at the base, revolute along their margin, beset
on the under side with a close short vestiture ; headlets
of flowers small, crowded into corymbs, at last somewhat
bell-shaped ; involucral bracts pale-yellowish, the inner
occasionally terminating in a rudimentary white lamina ;
flowers rather numerous within each involucre, a few of
the marginal flowers without stamens ; fruits papillular-
rough. H. cinereum.
Headlets of flowers cylindric- or turgid-ovate ... 1464
326 Key to the System of
1464. Leaves strongly decurrent.
A desert-shrub ; leaves very small, linear, truncate at the
summit, wrinkled -rough, shining ; headlets of flowers
very small, crowded into corymbs, almost unexpanding,
hardly turgid ; iiivolucral bracts yellowish-white ; flowers
several within each involucre ; fruits papillular-rough.
H. decurrens.
Leaves faintly decurrent.
A desert-shrub; leaves quite small, cuneate-linear, repressed
at the summit, revolute along the margin, smooth or
occasionally rough on the upper side, beset with short
vestiture on the lower side ; headlets of flowers very
small, crowded into compound corymbs, quite unexpand-
ing, turgid ; involucral bracts pale-yellowish or sometimes
reddish, almost glabrous, shining ; flowers rather few
within each involucre, two or three of the outer without
stamens and pappus ; fruits papillular-rough.
H.
retusum.
WAITZIA.
1465. Terminal attenuation of the fruit very thin, longer
than the seed-bearing portion.
Erect, somewhat beset with short hairlets ; leaves never
quite short, the uppermost reaching the inflorescence ;
headlets of flowers almost corymbously arranged ; in-
volucral bracts broadish, very acute, shining, yellow or
white or the lower red, the upper spreading or even
repressed ; the laminas of all similar in form and mostly
in size, minutely ciliolate ; fruits somewhat papillular-
rough. W. corymbosa.
LEPTORRHYNCHOS.
1466. Involucral bracts mostly blunt ... ... ... 1467
Involucral bracts mostly pointed ......... 1468
1467. Involucral bracts tender-membranous, dull- and pale-
colored.
Annual, rather robust, somewhat beset with cottony vesti-
ture ; leaves from lanceolar- to broad-linear, recurved
along the margin ; headlets of flowers comparatively
large, from semiovate to finally hemispherical ; involucral
bracts almost colorless and nearly without lustre, slightly
wrinkled, the outer somewhat elliptical ; pappus-bristlets
rather numerous ; fruits terminated by a thin attenuation.
L. Waitzia.
Victorian Plants.
Involucral bracts firm, shining, bright- or brownish-
yellow.
Perennial, never tall, scantily beset with somewhat cottony
vestiture ; leaves from broad- to narrow-linear ; headlets
of flowers soon hemispherical ; involucral bracts some-
what spreading, mostly oval ; pappus-bristlets rather
numerous ; fruits terminated by a short and thin
attenuation. L. nitidulus.
1468. Pappus-bristlets few or several ... ... ... 1469
Pappus-bristlets rather numerous ... ... ... 1471
1469. Marginal non-staminate flowers unprovided with any
pappus.
Perennial, rather tall, very slender ; leaves all linear and
along the margin revolute, the radical leaves considerably
elongated, all above nearly glabrous ; headlets of flowers
quite small, on very long and almost capillary stalks,
turbinate-semiovate ; involucral bracts in many rows,
quite minute, ciliolated and somewhat cottony invested ;
pappus-bristlets from four to six, plumously dilated at
the summit ; terminal attenuation of fruit very short.
L. teiiuifolius.
All flowers provided with a pappus ... ... ... 1470
1470. Pappus-bristlets of staminate flowers usually from
eight to twelve.
Perennial, from somewhat dwarf to rather tall, imperfectly
or scantily beset with cottony vestiture ; leaves mostly
from elliptic- to linear-lanceolar, usually bearing on the
upper side scattered hairlets, flat or somewhat recurved
at the margin ; headlets of flowers small, on elongated
much bracteate stalks, semiovate-bellshaped ; involucral
bracts in many rows, minute, ciliolated ; pappus-bristlets
of the non-staminate flowers from three to five ; terminal
attenuation of fruit very short. L. sc[iiaiiiatus.
Pappus-bristlets of staminate flowers usually four.
Annual, never tall, imperfectly or scantily beset with
cottony vestiture ; leaves mostly from lanceolar- to
narrow-linear, usually recurved along the margin, often
becoming glabrous above ; headlets of flowers quite
small, on elongated very thin much bracteate stalks,
turbinate-semiovate ; involucral bracts in many rows,
minute, conspicuously ciliolated, shining, pale-yellowish,
transparent ; pappus - bristlets of the non - staminate
flowers two or three ; terminal attenuation of fruit
very short. L. pulch.eU.US.
328 Key to the System of
1471. Fruits terminated suddenly by a long and very thin
attenuation.
Annual, never tall, usually much beset with scattered and
often glandule-bearing hairlets ; leaves from narrow-
lanceolar to broad-linear ; headlets of flowers rather
large, almost hemispherical, on elongated much bracteated
stalks ; involucral bracts in rather few rows, the outer
lax, shining, whitish, glabrous ; corollas bright-yellow ;
seed-bearing portion of the fruit turgid, nearly smooth.
L. medius.
Fruits terminated gradually by a short attenuation.
Perennial, rather tall and robust, usually much beset with
scattered and often glandule -bearing hairlets ; leaves
comparatively long, from narrow-lanceolar to broad-
linear ; headlets of flowers relatively large, almost hemi-
spherical, on much elongated and copiously bracteated
stalks ; involucral bracts in rather few rows, the outer
lax, shining, whitish, glabrous ; corollas pale-yellow or
almost whitish ; fruits comparatively long, glandular-
rough. L. elongatus.
GNAFHALITTIVI.
1472. Annual ... 1473
Perennial ... ... ... 1474
1473. Usually somewhat tall.
Densely beset with somewhat cottony vestiture; leaves
flaccid, from obovate- or elliptic-cuneate to lanceolar-
or broadish-linear, the upper sessile ; headlets of flowers
crowded at or near the summit, generally unsupported
by floral leaves ; involucral bracts pale-yellowish, shining ;
fruits cylindric, glabrous. G. luteo-album.
Always quite dwarf.
Beset with somewhat cottony vestiture ; leaves flaccid,
from broad- to narrow-linear ; clusters of flower-headlets
surrounded by narrow leaves ; involucral bracts yellowish
or brownish, transparent ; fruits almost glabrous.
G. indutum.
1474. Headlets of flowers singly terminal.
Alpine, dwarf, densely beset with lax somewhat cottony
vestiture ; leaves nearly all radical and from obovate-
to cuneate- or spatular-elliptical ; stem-leaves very few,
narrow ; involucral bracts pale-brownish or reddish,
shining, narrow, transparent ; fruits subtly beset with
hairlets. G. Traversii.
Victorian Plants. 329
Headlets of flowers in mostly terminal clusters ... 1475
1475. Clusters of flower-headlets surrounded by mostly
narrow floral leaves.
Partly beset with somewhat cottony often appressed
vestiture, occasionally rather tall ; leaves firm, the
lower mostly from elliptic- to elongate-lanceolar, the
upper distant and narrower, all soon glabrescent above ;
headlets of flowers capitular-crowded ; involucral bracts
brownish, shining ; fruits glabrous, slightly compressed.
G. Japonicum.
Clusters of flower-headlets surrounded by mostly
broad floral leaves.
Alpine, extensively beset with somewhat cottony vestiture ;
root emitting offshoots ; radical leaves from elliptic- to
lanceolar-ovate ; stem-leaves mostly narrow-lanceolar ;
floral leaves often again broader, all flat and usually
velvetlike-invested also on the upper side ; some of
the headlets with prevailingly fertile fruits, others
with predominantly sterile fruits ; involucral bracts pale-
brownish, shining ; fruits glabrous.
G. alpigenum.
ANTENNARIA.
1476. Headlets of flowers singly terminal, almost sessile.
Alpine, .dwarf and depressed, scantily beset with somewhat
cottony vestiture ; leaves firm, mostly linear, acute,
slightly channelled, glabrous ; headlets with perfect
fruits more slender than the others ; pappus -bristlets
equally thin throughout ; fruits very slender, glabrous.
A. imiceps.
XiEONTOPODXUBX.
1477. Expanding in ample depressed patches.
Alpine, whitish or greyish from a thin appressed vestiture ;
leaves very small, crowded on stems and branches,
spreading, from obovate- to cuneate-elliptical, flat, at
their base clasping ; flower-headlets singly terminal on
crowded branchlets, small, sessile, slightly exceeding
the floral leaves ; ray-like expansion of involucre short,
white ; fruits slender, beset with very minute hairlets ;
bristlets of the pappus thickened at the upper extremity,
particularly those of the sterile fruits. Figure 83.
L. catipes.
330 Key to the System of
STUARTINA.
1478. Headlets few-flowered, capitular-crowded.
Often quite dwarf, beset with somewhat cottony vestiture ;
leaves very small, flaccid, flat, occasionally verging into
an elliptic form ; headlets minute, their clusters surpassed
by the floral leaves ; involucres rather dark -colored ;
fruits glandular-rough. S. Muelleri.
XtUTXDOSXS.
1479. Annual, minute.
Glabrous or scantily beset with interwoven hairlets ; leaves
quite short, linear, some opposite ; headlets of flowers
extremely small, often several terminally placed together,
each supported by floral leaves ; involucral bracts whitish,
blunt, smooth, entire ; corolla sometimes greenish ; pappus-
scalelets spatular- or lanceolar-ovate, often placed ob-
liquely, without any ciliolation ; fruits papillular-rough.
B. Pumilo.
Perennial ... 1480
1480. Leaves mostly radical.
Somewhat beset with interwoven hairlets ; stems hardly
branched ; leaves mostly broad-linear, revolute along the
margin, soon almost glabrous ; headlets of flowers rather
large, singly terminal, nearly hemispherical ; involucral .
bracts pale-yellowish, acute, neither wrinkled nor cilio-
lated, the inner acute, the outer blunt ; pappus-scalelets
elliptic-spatular, subtle-ciliolated. K». leiolepis.
Leaves scattered ... ... ... ... ... 1481
1481. Involucral bracts smooth.
Scantily beset with interwoven hairlets ; stems hardly
branched ; leaves mostly broad-linear, revolute along
the margin, the upper abbreviated ; headlets of flowers
singly terminal, nearly hemispherical ; involucral bracts
yellowish, somewhat foliaceous towards their base, the
inner ciliolated towards the summit ; pappus-scalelets
narrow-lanceolar, plumously ciliolated ; fruits papillular-
rough. H. leptorrhynchoides.
Involucral bracts wrinkled.
Finally somewhat tall, closely or imperfectly beset with in-
terwoven hairlets ; stems branchless or scantily branched ;
stem-leaves broad-linear, revolute along the margin, the
upper gradually shortened, the lowest somewhat dilated ;
Victorian Plants. 331
headlets of flowers singly terminal, nearly hemispherical ;
involucral bracts lax, bright-yellow, ciliolated ; pappus-
scalelets spatular-elliptical, without any cilioles ; fruits
papillular-rough. R. lieliclirysoicl.es.
HU3XEA.
1482. Leaves very broad.
Tall, herbaceous, beset with scattered glandule-bearing hair-
lets, strong-scented ; leaves very large, from ovate- to
elongate-lanceolar, much wrinkled, stem-clasping at the
base or decurrent ; headlets of flowers in a very elongated
largely pendent-branched and minutely bracteate panicle ;
involucral bracts shining-red or almost copper-colored,
transparent ; flowers three or four within each involucre ;
corollas upwards conspicuously widened and purplish ;
fruits glandular-rough. H, elegans,
Leaves very narrow or quite minute .. 1483
1483. Involucral bracts pale-yellowish.
Shrubby, partly beset with appressed somewhat cottony
vestiture ; leaves cylindric-linear, glabrescent on the
outer side ; headlets of flowers in a corymbously con-
tracted panicle; flowers from three to seven within
each" involucre ; corollas slightly widened upwards and
yellowish ; fruits glabrous. Figure 85.
H. ozothamuoides.
Involucral bracts white.
Shrubby, glabrous, somewhat sticky ; leaves crowded,
minute, scale-like, from lanceolar- to narrow-elliptical,
appressed ; headlets of flowers in corymbously contracted
panicles ; flowers generally four or five within each in-
volucre ; corollas pale-yellowish ; fruits slightly glandular-
rough. H. squamata.
CALOCEFHALTJS.
1484. Shrubby.
Coast-plant, much branched and spreading, closely beset
with an appressed whitish or greyish vestiture ; leaves
scattered, minute, linear ; clusters of flower-headlets
globular, whitish ; flowers two or three within each
involucre ; pappus-bristlets plumous almost throughout.
C. Brownii,
Herbaceous ... ... ... .. ... ... 1485
332 Key to the System of
1485. Clusters of flower-headlets whitish.
Slender plant, scantily branched, closely beset with a greyish
appressed vestiture ; leaves linear, mostly opposite, often
blunt ; clusters of flower-headlets from ellipsoid to nearly
globular ; flowers two or three within each involucre ;
pappus -bristlets plumous only at the summit.
(C. Lessingi, partly.) C. lacteus.
Clusters of flower-headlets yellow ... ... ... 1486
1486. Leaves mostly opposite.
Slender plant, scantily branched closely beset with a greyish
appressed vestiture ; leaves linear, often acute ; clusters
of flower-headlets from ellipsoid to nearly globular ;
flowers two or three within each involucre ; pappus-
bristlets plumous towards the summit.
(C. Lessingi, partly.) C. citreus.
Leaves mostly scattered.
Beset with a somewhat cottony vestiture ; leaves linear ;
clusters of flower-headlets from ovate to globular : flowers
two or three within each involucre ; pappus -bristlets
unequal, plumous only at the summit. C. Sonderi.
ANCJIANTHUS.
1487. Pappus developed ... 1488
Pappus undeveloped or quite rudimentary ... ... 1490
1488. Clusters of flower-headlets attenuated at their base.
Dwarf, beset with somewhat cottony vestiture ; leaves
short, from cuneate- elliptical to linear ; headlets supported
by floral leaves, forming yellow or brownish shining
almost ellipsoid spikes ; involucral bracts four or five ;
flowers usually two within each involucre ; pappus very
short, consisting of a torn membrane, usually without
any capillary elongations. A, bracliy pappus.
Clusters of flower-headlets almost truncate at their
base 1489
1489. Clusters of headlets unsupported by floral leaves.
Dwarf, beset with somewhat cottony vestiture ; leaves
short, from cuneate-elliptical to linear ; flower-headlets
forming yellow shining short-cylindric spikes ; involucral
bracts four or five ; flowers one to three within each
involucre ; pappus producing two or three capillary, at
the summit plumously dilated bristlets.
A. tomentosus.
Victorian Plants. 333
Clusters of headlets supported by floral leaves.
Dwarf, imperfectly beset with somewhat cottony vestiture ;
leaves mostly linear ; flower-headlets forming yellow
shining short -cylindric spikes ; involucral bracts generally
four ; flowers usually two within each involucre ; pappus
almost placed laterally, producing one slightly fringed
scalelet, with a solitary or without any capillary
elongations. A. pleuropappus.
1490. Clusters of headlets gradually much attenuated to-
wards their base.
Annual, dwarf, scantily beset with somewhat cottony
vestiture ; branches capillary-slender ; leaves very short,
from ovate- to linear- cuneate ; clusters of headlets
unsupported by floral leaves, forming almost club-shaped
yellow or brownish shining spikes ; involucral bracts
four to six ; flowers one to three within each involucre ;
pappus reduced to a minute ring. A. pusillus.
Clusters of headlets slightly attenuated towards their
base.
Annual, very dwarf, scantily beset with somewhat cottony
vestiture ; branches capillary-slender ; leaves very short,
from elliptic to linear ; involucral bracts only three ;
flowers usually two within each involucre ; clusters of
headlets unsupported by floral leaves, forming very short
ovate- or cylindric-ellipsoid yellow or brownish shining
spikes ; pappus absent. A. teiielliis.
SK.IRROPKORUS.
1491. Floral leaves from ovate- to narrow-lanceolar.
Annual, quite dwarf, imperfectly beset with somewhat
cottony vestiture ; stem-leaves short, linear, pointed,
some opposite ; clusters of flower-headlets capitular ;
involucral bracts broadish ; flowers two within each
involucre ; pappus reduced to a minutely denticulated
ring. ( Angianthus Preissianus. ) S. Freissianus.
Floral leaves quite linear, recurved-pointed.
Annual, quite dwarf, imperfectly beset with somewhat
cottony vestiture ; leaves all quite short, very narrow
and acute, some opposite ; clusters of flower-headlets
capitular, often almost ovate ; involucral bracts narrow ;
flowers solitary within each involucre ; pappus absent.
(Angianthus strictus.) S. strictus.
334 Key to the System of
GNEPHOSIS.
1492. Flowers solitary within each involucre.
Annual, rather dwarf, beset with somewhat cottony vesti-
ture ; leaves short, linear, extending to the inflorescence ;
clusters of flower-headlets capitular, surrounded by a short
universal involucre ; general receptacle invested with
rather long hairlets ; pappus tubular towards the base,
lobed towards the summit. G. skirrophora.
CRXOCHXiAZKYS.
1493. Pappus quite absent.
Rather dwarf, extensively beset with somewhat cottony vesti-
ture, usually much branched ; leaves very short, linear,
extending to the inflorescence ; flower-headlets very small,
coherent by densely intricate hairlets, capitular-crowded,
seldom few together or solitary ; general receptacle some-
what elevated; corollas generally bearing some slight
crisp vestiture outside ; fruits glabrous. E. Behrii.
CHTHONOCEPHALUS.
1494. Stemless, the flower-headlets crowded and sessile
within the tuft of flat radical leaves.
Annual, very dwarf, beset with somewhat cottony vestiture ;
leaves flaccid, from lanceolar- to spatular-elliptical ; head-
lets of flowers very small, closely approximated into a
depressed mass, seldom only few together or solitary ;
flowers many within each involucre ; fruits minute,
compressed, glabrous ; pappus absent.
C. pseudevax.
HITALOLEPIS,
1495. Almost or quite stemless, the flower-headlets crowded
within a general involucre of numerous transparent
and shining bracts.
Quite dwarf, occasionally somewhat branched ; leaves
comparatively long ; headlets of flowers in dense almost
hemispheric clusters ; general involucral bracts in many
rows, pale, somewhat radiating and cottony-ciliolated ;
general receptacle depressed ; involucres of headlets
consisting of three narrow bracts ; fruits slender, some-
what beset with hairlets ; pappus consisting of a single
capillary bristlet or undeveloped.
(Myriocephalus rhizocephalus.) H. rllizocepliala.
Victorian Plants. 335
ISOETOPSIS.
1496. Stemless, the flower-headlets crowded and sessile
within tufts of very narrow radical leaves.
Quite dwarf ; leaves comparatively long ; headlets of flowers
small, their involucral bracts rather few ; marginal flowers
devoid of stamens ; fruits of central flowers imperfect and
almost destitute of any pappus. I. graminifolia.
GNAFXXAXiODES.
1497. Pappus-bristlets rigid, compressed, conspicuously cilio-
lated.
Very dwarf, extensively beset with short greyish vesti-
ture ; stems very short and prostrate or undeveloped ;
leaves small, mostly from spatular to obovate, flat,
some opposite, the uppermost with their flower-headlets
forming depressed clusters ; headlets few together or
two or rarely solitary, their outer involucral bracts
pale, from lanceolar to ovate and spreading, inner
appressed and blunt, all coherent by intricate vestiture ;
flowers of each headlet numerous ; bristlets of pappus
occasionally six ; fruits glabrous. G. uliginosa.
1498. Pappus-bristlets plumously ciliolated.
Rather robust, extensively beset with cottony or glandule-
bearing hairlets ; stems usually branchless ; leaves much
elongated, from lanceolar- to broad-linear, the stem-
leaves sessile, the uppermost generally terminated by
a petaloid-bracteal apex ; flower-headlets forming large
clusters, often somewhat stalked ; involucral bracts of
headlets broadish, shining, transparent, fringy-ciliolated ;
flowers several or numerous within each involucre ; fruits
densely beset with silk-like vestiture. Figure 86.
(Myriocephalus Stuartii. ) "P. Stuartii.
CRASFEDIA.
1499. Clusters of flower-headlets often from two to five
together.
Scantily beset with somewhat cottony vestiture, mostly
branchless ; leaves flaccid, from narrow-lanceolar to
almost linear, the lower rather long ; clusters of flower-
headlets from ovate to globular ; general involucre rather
conspicuous; general receptacle cylindrical; flowers from
336 Key to the System of
three to six within each involucre ; corolla bright-yellow,
its lobes rather long; anthers and stigmas often exserted;
pappus-bristlets yelhyvv at the summit ; fruits beset with
silk-like vestiture. C. pleiocephala.
Clusters of flower-headlets always singly terminal ... 1500
1500. Pappus-bristlets throughout white.
Perennial, rather tall, branchless or scantily branched from
near the base, often beset with short either scattered or
interwoven hairlets ; lower leaves large, from ovate- to
narrow-lanceolar ; stem-leaves gradually narrower and
shorter, clasping at their base, all flaccid ; clusters of
flower-head] ets large, globular, surrounded by con-
spicuous, ovate, somewhat transparent, dark-margined
bracts ; involucres of headlets without any yellow tinge,
five- to eight-flowered ; corolla very turgid above the
middle, oftener bright-yellow than pale-yellowish, rarely
whitish; general receptacle almost semi-globular; pappus-
bristlets softly plumous-ciliolated ; fruits beset with silk-
like vestiture. C. Ricliea.
Pappus-bristlets yellow at the summit ... ... 1501
1501. Pappus-bristlets plumously ciliolate above the middle.
Usually branchless, beset with appressed somewhat cottony
vestiture; leaves lax, broad-linear, the upper shortened,
all becoming usually glabrous above ; clusters of flower-
headlets from ovate to globular, comparatively small ;
general involucre rather inconspicuous ; general receptacle
ovate-cylindrical ; headlets four- to eight-flowered ; corolla
bright-yellow, its lobes unusually short; anthers enclosed;
pappus-bristlets rather rigid, connate at the base ; fruits
beset with silk-like vestiture. C. chrysantha.
Pappus-bristlets plumously ciliolate throughout.
Perennial, often tall, usually branchless, closely beset with
a thin interwoven whitish or greyish vestiture ; lower
leaves from elliptic- to liiiear-lanceolar, provided with
three prominent longitudinal venules ; stem-leaves shorter
and narrower, the upper distant ; clusters of flower-
headlets large, globular ; general involucre rather in-
conspicuous ; general receptacle convex, hollow ; headlets
five- to eight-flowered ; corolla bright-yellow ; anthers
and stigmas often enclosed ; pappus-bristlets free to their
base, their plumous ciliolation rather short ; fruits beset
with silk-like vestiture. C. globosa.
Victorian Plants. 337
TOXANTHUS.
1502. Involucral bracts soon recurved at the upper end.
Somewhat or extensively beset with cottony vestiture ;.
leaves quite short, linear j headlets of flowers sessile ;
involucral bracts three to five, narrow, downward
coherent ; corolla long-persistent, bearing some cottony
hairlets towards its base, its tube recurved ; fruits much
pointed. T. perpusillus.
Involucral bracts remaining straight to the upper end.
Beset with short scattered glandule-bearing hairlets ; leaves
quite short, linear, some opposite ; headlets of flowers
sessile ; involucral bracts narrow ; corolla long-persistent,
its tube recurved ; fruits half-emerged, slightly pointed,
somewhat beset with extremely minute hairlets.
T. Muelleri.
1503. Pappus-bristlets nearly as long as the corolla, hardly
ciliolated.
Somewhat or extensively beset with an appressed or rather
cottony vestiture ; leaves flaccid, from spatular-elliptical
to narrow-linear ; involucral bracts few ; headlets singly
terminating stems or branches ; flowers rather numerous
in each headlet ; corolla often pale ; fruits slender, some-
what rough. M. tenuifolia.
ERECHTXTES.
1504. Involucral bracts rather numerous.
Perennial, beset with a rough or somewhat cottony vesti-
ture ; leaves from elliptic- to linear-lanceolar, either
entire or indented or lobed ; headlets of flowers com-
paratively broad, in a contracted panicle ; accessory bracts
at the base of the involucre conspicuous ; fruits circularly
margined at the summit. E. hispidula.
Involucral bracts several ... ... ... ... 1505
1505. Headlets of flowers relatively long.
Tall, generally somewhat beset with cottony vestiture ;
leaves from narrow-lanceolar to elongate-linear, entire
or scantily indented, often recurved at the margin ;
headlets of flowers very numerous, in an ample panicle,
quite slender ; corollas of staminate flowers often four-
denticulated ; fruits slender, streaked.
E. quadridentata.
Headlets of flowers relatively short ........ 1506
338 Key to the System of
1506. Headlets in a contracted panicle.
Mostly rough from short rigid hairlets ; leaves from elliptic-
to linear-lanceolar, indented or lobed, the stem-leaves
clasping with their dilated base ; fruits beset with very
minute hairlets, circularly margined at the summit.
E. arguta.
Headlets in an ample panicle.
Tall, nearly glabrous ; leaves almost membranous, from
linear- to elliptic-lanceolar, often much elongated and
rather regularly denticulated ; fruits beset with very
minute hairlets, circularly margined at the summit.
E. prenauthoides.
SBNECZO.
1507. Corollas of the marginal flowers flatly much expanded 1508
Corollas of all flowers tubular to near the summit ... 1517
1508. Annual ... 1509
Perennial ..> ... ... ... 1510
1509. Headlets of flowers always singly terminal.
Desert-plant, quite glabrous, never tall ; leaves greyish-
green, from narrow- to lanceolar-linear, usually entire,
the upper sessile ; headlet of flowers rather large, its
stalk dilated at the summit ; involucre ample, without
any accessory basal bracts ; marginal corollas broadly
ligular-expanding ; fruits streaked." S. Gregorii.
Headlets of flowers generally few together.
Desert-plant, rather robust but never tall, almost glabrous ;
leaves mostly somewhat pinnatifid ; lobes often indented ;
headlets of flowers comparatively large, their stalks dilated
at the summit ; involucre ample, with hardly any accessory
basal bracts ; marginal corollas broadly ligular-expanding ;
fruits beset with very short hairlets. S. platylepis.
1510. Headlets of flowers solitary or few together.
Alpine plant, always dwarf, nearly glabrous, often branch-
less ; basal leaves pinnatifid or regularly short-lobed ;
stem-leaves suddenly or gradually much reduced in size
and indented only ; marginal corollas conspicuously
ligulate ; involucre supported by very small accessory
bracts ; fruits slender, glabrous. S. pectiuatus.
Headlets of flowers several or numerous ... ... 1511
Victorian Plants. 339
1511. Conspicuously beset with somewhat cottony vestiture.
Somewhat branched, slightly woody, never tall ; leaves
firm, rather small, almost linear, revolute at the margin,
curved-pointed at the summit, above finally glabrous ;
headlets of flowers usually several, comparatively small,
their stalks also bearing minute bracts ; ligular expansions
of marginal corollas rather short ; fruits somewhat beset
with hairlets. S. Belirianus.
Almost or quite glabrous ... ... ... ... 1512
1512. Upper leaves stalked or only slightly clasping ... 1513
Upper leaves very amply clasping ... ... ... 1515
1513. Headlets of flowers small-rayed.
Comparatively tall, very odorous, often riparian ; leaves
rather long, from linear- to broadish-lanceolar, entire or
somewhat serrated ; base of the stem-leaves frequently
slightly dilated ; headlets of flowers numerous, small ;
fruits usually glabrous. S. dryadeus.
Headlets of flowers large-rayed ... .. ... 15H
1514. Accessory bracts much elongated, spreading.
Forest-plant, amply and laxly spreading ; leaves large,
flaccid, somewhat pinnately cleft into broadish unequal
acute segments, the latter again acutely lobed or distantly
indented, the terminal segment far the largest; upper
leaves less divided ; headlets of flowers relatively large,
few or several together, acutely rayed ; involucral bracts
conspicuously pointed, outside blackish, papillular-rough ;
fruits glabrous, longitudinally furrowed and transversely
wrinkled. Figure 90. S. vagus.
Accessory bracts much abbreviated, appressed.
Seldom tall, of erect or diffuse growth ; leaves or their lobes
from narrow-lanceolar to linear, entire or indented or in-
cised, occasionally more dilated and sometimes succulent ;
uppermost leaves almost reduced to bracts ; headlets of
flowers few or several together ; accessory bracts often
black-spotted ; fruits generally beset with minute hair-
lets. S. lantus.
340 Key to the System of
1515. Leaves all denticulated.
Coast-plant, somewhat shrubby, comparatively tall ; leaves
from narrow-elliptic to obovate, perceptibly succulent ;
headlets of flowers rather large, few or several corymbously
together, long-rayed ; involucre conspicuously supported
by accessory small bracts ; fruits streaked, often glabrous.
S, spatulatus.
Upper leaves mostly entire ... ... ... ... 1516
1516. Headlets of flowers rather large, few together.
Desert-plant, hardly tall ; leaves greyish-green, firm, mostly
from elliptic- to lanceolar- ovate, often acute, at the base
bilobed ; headlets of flowers large-rayed ; accessory bracts
few or almost obliterated ; fruits beset with minute hair-
lets. S. magnificus.
Headlets of flowers rather small, many together.
Forest-plant, comparatively tall ; leaves almost mem-
branous, greyish-green, mostly from spatular- to elliptic-
ovate, often obtuse ; headlets of flowers bluntly rayed ;
accessory bracts few or almost obliterated ; fruits usually
beset with minute hairlets. S. velleyoides.
1517. Inflorescence axillary.
Sylvan, finally arborescent and even of considerable height,
densely invested with whitish or greyish stellular hair-
lets ; leaves large, firm, from lanceolar to elliptical,
almost or quite entire, soon glabrous above ; headlets
of flowers rather small, in axillary panicles or racemes
or clusters ; involucral bracts also beset with stellular
hairlets ; corollas much exserted ; alveoles of receptacle
prominent ; fruits streaked, glabrous ; pappus-bristlets
in a single row. S. Bedford!.
Inflorescence terminal ... ... ... ... 1518
1518. Conspicuously beset with cottony vestiture.
Somewhat woody, seldom tall ; leaves firm, from lanceolar
to linear, entire or somewhat denticulated, rarely lobed,
often recurved at the margin ; headlets of flowers small,
few or several together ; involucral bracts acute, also
beset with close vestiture ; fruits generally bearing
minute hairlets. S. Georgianus,
Almost or quite glabrous ... ... ... ... 1519
Victorian Plants. 341
1519. Leaves broad, clasping at the base.
Comparatively tall, somewhat woody, strong-scented ;
leaves mostly from elliptic- to lanceolar-ovate, indented
or denticulated, almost glabrous or underneath scantily
or seldom densely beset with a thin somewhat cottony
vestiture ; headlets of flowers numerous, quite small
and particularly slender ; corollas almost half-emerged ;
fruits somewhat beset with minute hairlets.
S. odoratus.
Leaves narrow, without or with slight basal dilatation 1520
1520. Perennial, tall.
Somewhat branched and woody, usually glabrous ; leaves
firm, from narrow-lanceolar to broad-linear, entire or
some indented or denticulated ; headlets of flowers very
small, several together ; corollas nearly half-exserted ;
fruits beset with minute hairlets. S. Cunningham!.
Annual, dwarf.
Often branchless ; leaves from linear- to narrow-lanceolar,
entire or somewhat denticulated or distantly short-lobed ;
headlets of flowers quite small, few together ; marginal
corollas provided with a rudimentary extremely minute
ligular expansion ; fruits beset with a very short vestiture.
S. brachyglossus.
CANBOI.X.BACBA&.
CANDOXiXiEA.
1521. Perennial ... 1522
Annual ... .-. ... ... ... ... 1523
1522. Flowers in spikes.
Somewhat tall, unbranched, quite erect ; leaves all radical,
tufted, rigid, elongate-linear or slightly lanceolar, im-
perfectly ciliolar-denticulated ; stem constituting an
elongate stalk of the spike, as well as the latter beset
with scattered glandule-bearing hairlets ; flowers rather
small; corolla from pale- to intense-red; base of each
corolla-lobe bearing minute appendages ; fruit turgidly
ovate, terminated by the persistent calyx-lobes, two-
celled, many-seeded. C. serrulata.
342 Key to the System of
Flowers in corymbs.
Never tall ; leaves all radical, copiously and densely tufted,
rather short, linear-cylindrical, ending in a bristlet, the
tufts connected by thread-like offshoots ; inflorescence
beset with glandule-bearing hairlets ; corolla small, red,
the fifth minute lobe bearing two pointed appendages;
fruit almost ovate, terminated by the short calyx-lobes,
two-celled ; seeds very numerous, almost rhomboid-ovate.
Figure 92. C. sobolifera.
1523. Leaves scattered.
Minute, erect, glabrous; leaves extremely short, from
ovate- to linear-lanceolar ; flowers few in a corymb ;
corolla very minute, white or somewhat pink, its lobes
without appendages ; fruit linear-cylindrical, terminated
by the very short calyx-lobes, two-celled, many-seeded.
C. despecta.
Leaves all radical ... ... ... ... 1524
1524. Corolla produced downwards into a tubular pointed
appendage.
Very small, erect, beset with scattered glandule-bearing
hairlets ; leaves few or several, extremely short, from
narrow-elliptical to orbicular ; flowers quite small in a
corymb, seldom numerous, exceptionally reduced to two
or one ; corolla white, often red-spotted, its lobes some-
what indented, without appendages, its tube usually
replaced by a slender downward prolongation ; fruit
almost globular, two-celled, many-seeded, hardly as long
as the persistent calyx-lobes. C. calcarata.
Corolla without any basal appendage.
Minute, erect, scantily beset with scattered glandule-
bearing hairlets ; stem capillary ; leaves extremely
short, from linear- to ovate-elliptical or spatular, never
numerous ; flowers few in a corymb or two or solitary ;
bracts unilaterally paired, somewhat succulent ; corolla
very small, white, its upper lobes about half as long
as the lower, red-spotted at the base, all only uni-
denticulated and without any appendages ; gynostemium
extremely short ; fruit quite small, almost globular, two-
celled, many-seeded, terminated by the persistent calyx-
lobes ; placentaries turgid. C . perpusilla.
Victorian Plants.
LEEWENHOEKIA.
1525. Leaves mostly from narrow-elliptical to lanceolar-
or spatular-obovate.
Minute, erect, copiously beset with short glandule -bear ing
hairlets ; leaves very short ; flowers axillary, solitary,
forming with the upper leaves a foliate corymb or
raceme ; corolla very small, without any appendages,
all its lobes white ; stigmas very narrow, divergent ;
fruit almost globular, one-celled, terminated by the
persistent lobes of the calyx ; placentary spherical ;
seeds numerous, turgidly ovate, streaked and dotted.
Figure 93. L. chibia.
Leaves mostly from cordate- to rhomboidal-orbicular.
Minute, erect, copiously beset with short glandule-bearing
hairlets ; leaves very short, the upper sessile ; flowers
axillary, solitary, forming with the upper leaves a
foliate corymb or raceme ; corolla very small, without
any appendages, its very minute fifth lobe dark-
purplish ; fruit almost globular, one-celled, many seeded,
terminated by the persistent lobes of the calyx.
L. Sonderi.
CA3VIPANULACEAE.
WAZZZiENBCRCZA.
1526. Flowers on long stalks, singly terminating stems or
branches.
A perennial herb, flowering already during the first year
of its growth, or in a minute state passing away as an
annual, from dwarf to rather tall, usually somewhat beset
with spreading short hairlets ; lower leaves scattered or
some opposite, mostly from obovate or spatular to harrow-
lanceolar ; upper leaves gradually more linear and distant
or quite undeveloped, all entire or slightly denticulated ;
flowers from minute to rather large ; lobes of the calyx
and corolla as well as the number of stamens five or also
not rarely four ; corolla blue or outside pale, exceptionally
Suite white, its tube about as long as the calyx or
Dnger, hardly shorter than its lobes, only slightly turgid ;
filaments much dilated towards the base ; stigmas and
ovulary-cells three or rarely two ; fruit above the calyx-
tube valvular-dehiscent at its short free summit. " Aus-
tralian Bellflower." W. gracilis.
344 Key to the System of
ISOTOMA.
1527. Leaves large, pinnatilobed.
Perennial, ascending or erect, excessively acrid, of un-
Eleasant odour, glabrous except portions of the flower ;
javes scattered, irregularly dissected or lobed, the
segments or lobes narrow ; flower-stalks elongated, some-
times very long, all axillary and solitary ; flowers very
large ; corolla usually outside pale, the lobes inside
blue or somewhat violet, the tube longer than the
lobes, slightly curved ; filaments and style beset with
short hairlets ; anthers exserted ; fruit obconic -ellipsoid,
terminated by the narrow calyx-lobes, two-celled ; seeds
numerous, foveolar-rough. I. axillaris.
Leaves small, lobeless.
A small perennial creeping plant, beset with very minute
hairlets ; leaves scattered, firm, from linear- to ovate-
elliptical, entire or somewhat denticulated ; flower-stalks
from as long as the leaves to much longer ; flowers small ;
corolla blue or not rarely almost white, the tube inside
as well as the filaments beset with short hairlets ; fruit
small, nearly hemi-ellipsoid, two-celled, terminated by
the short lobes of the calyx ; seeds many, smooth.
I. fluviatilis.
LOBELIA.
1528. Flowers terminal 1529
Flowers axillary 1532
1529. Flowers singly terminating very elongated stalks.
Ascendant, glabrous ; lower leaves mostly cuneate-obovate,
incised, the others from lanceolar to nearly linear and
somewhat indented ; flowers rather large, on thin elon-
gated stalks, terminating stems and branches ; corolla
blue inside, its lowest lobe ovate-cuneate ; fruit some-
what bulging on the upper side ; seeds numerous, minute.
L, rhombifolia.
Flowers forming unilateral racemes ... ... ... 1530
1530. Stems somewhat turgid and succulent.
Annual, glabrous ; stem usually branchless ; leaves narrow-
linear or thread-like, usually entire; bracts linear, pointed;
stalklets shorter than the flowers ; corolla blue inside, its
upper lobes curved and much pointed, glabrous, lower
lobes narrow-lanceolar and pointed ; fruit very bulging
on the upper side ; seeds brown, very minute, almost
dust-like. L. microsperma.
Victorian Plants. 345
Stems slender, hardly succulent ... ... ... .1531
1531. Fruits much bulging on the upper side.
Annual, glabrous, hardly branched ; leaves linear, the
lower broader and denticulated ; corolla blue inside,
its upper lobes somewhat beset w\th minute hairlets,
pointed; lower lobes rather acute; seeds very minute,
almost dust-like. L. Browniana.
Fruits slightly bulging. on the upper side.
Often rather tall ; leaves mostly narrow and indented, the
lower not rarely lanceolar ; flowers rather large ; corolla
blue, rarely pink inside, its upper lobes somewhat beset
with minute hairlets ; all lobes acute ; seeds small, ovate-
triangular. L. simplicicaulis.
1532. Flower-stalklets much elongated 1533
Flower-stalklets much abbreviated ... ... ... 1534
1533. The two upper lobes of the corolla much narrower
than the three lower.
Perennial, lax, glabrous ; leaves often almost membranous,
from ovate- to elliptic-lanceolar, irregularly denticulated ;
flowers axillary, solitary; stalks very thin, gently re-
curved ; corolla purplish or inside whitish ; upper lobes
of the corolla very acute ; perfect stamens and pistils in
distinct flowers, mostly on separate plants ; fertile fruits
obconic-hemiellipsoid ; seeds ovate. Figure 91.
L. purpurascens.
All the lobes of the corolla nearly of equal size.
Creeping, beset with minute hairlets ; leaves small, almost
membranous, from ovate- to orbicular-rhomboid ; flowers
small, axillary, solitary ; lobes of the corolla above
white, beneath pale-violet; perfect stamens and pistils
in distinct flowers, mostly on separate plants ; fertile
fruit obconic-hemiellipsoid ; seeds ovate.
L. pedunculata.
1534. Corolla-lobes turned unilaterally.
Perennial, rather dwarf, glabrous ; leaves from lanceolar-
to elliptic-ovate, conspicuously denticulated, often some-
what crisped ; flowers axillary, solitary ; lobes of the
corolla equal, usually whitish on the upper side ; perfect
stamens and pistils in distinct flowers, mostly on separate
plants ; fertile fruit ovate -globular. L. concolor.
346 Key to the System of
Corolla-lobes turned bilaterally ... 1535
1535. Fruits much compressed.
Creeping, glabrous ; sap hardly whitish ; leaves succulent,
from elliptic- to lanceolar-ovate, entire ; flowers small,
axillary, solitary ; lobes of the corolla nearly equal, white
inside ; tube very- short ; perfect stamens and pistils in
distinct flowers, mostly on separate plants ; fertile fruit
" T large, elliptic.
L. platycalyx.
roundish-ovate ; seeds comparatively large, elliptic.
Fruits turgid or cylindrical ... ... ... 1536
1536. Leaves from orbicular to ovate.
Alpine plant, creeping, beset with very short hairlets ;
leaves quite small, somewhat denticulated ; flowers
minute, axillary, solitary ; perfect stamens and pistils
in distinct flowers, mostly on separate plants.
L. Benthami.
Leaves from cuneate-lanceolar to linear ... ... 1537
1537. Beset with very short hairlets.
Creeping ; leaves small, denticulated ; flowers quite small,
axillary, solitary ; corolla blue or occasionally purplish,
its lobes nearly equal ; perfect stamens and pistils in
distinct flowers, mostly on separate plants ; fertile fruit
oblique-ovate. L. pratioides,
Quite glabrous ... 1538
1538. Fruit almost globular.
Alpine small creeping plant ; leaves very short, nearly
linear, entire ; flowers minute, axillary, solitary, almost
sessile ; lobes of the corolla nearly equal, white inside ;
tube very short ; fertile fruit very small. L. gelida.
Fruit almost cylindrical.
Lax, occasionally somewhat creeping, sometimes quite tall
and rambling ; stem and branches prominently triangular ;
lower leaves often ovate-cuneate, the upper from elliptic-
to linear-lanceolar, all entire or some slightly denticulated;
flowers small, axillary, solitary, usually on short stalklets;
corolla small, generally bluish inside, its upper lobes much
narrower than the lower. 1. anceps.
Victorian Plants. 347
BRUNONXA.
1539. Stems leafless, except at the base, terminated by
solitary capitular clusters of small flowers.
Perennial, densely or imperfectly beset with short hairlets ;
stems branchless, peduncular ; leaves from narrow- to
spatular- or obovate-lanceolar, entire ; flowers singly
surrounded by bracts and bracteoles, constituting in-
volucrated headlets ; calyx-lobes very narrow, plumously
ciliolated, usually glandular- tipped, forming a pappus ;
corolla and stamens inserted below the ovulary ; filaments
connate towards the base ; cover of the stigma bilobed,
without marginal ciliolation ; ovulary uni-ovulate ; seed
without any albument. B. Australis.
DAZKPXERA.
1540. Leaves almost flat ... ... 1541
Leaves recurved at the margin ... ... ... 1542
1541. Branchlets hardly angular.
Somewhat shrubby ; leaves from orbicular to ovate and
elliptical, clothed with stellular-branched hairlets under-
neath, occasionally indented ; flowers generally few and
somewhat distant on each of the axillary and terminal
stalks ; corolla densely beset outside with dark plumously
branched hairlets; fruit very small, ellipsoid, one-seeded.
D. Brownii.
Branchlets very angular.
Almost herbaceous ; leaves firm, from elliptic to linear or
the lower almost ovate or cuneate, often indented and
glabrous ; corolla outside beset with a brownish velvet-
like vestiture ; fruit very small, one-seeded.
D. stricta.
1542. Lower side of leaves almost concealed by their
revolute margin.
Somewhat shrubby, but never tall, partly beset with short
hairlets; branchlets hardly angular, though streaked ;
leaves often small, from elliptic- to broad-linear, blunt,
generally soon almost glabrous above, sometimes fascicular-
crowded ; corolla beset with a rather dark vestiture out-
side, its expanding membranes blue or not rarely purplish
or white ; fruit very small, one-seeded.
D. rosmarinifolia.
Lower side of leaves partly covered by their recurved
margin ... 1543
348 Key to the System of
1543. Corolla beset with starry-velvety vestiture outside.
Somewhat shrubby, but never tall, extensively invested
with branched often greyish hairlets ; branchlets hardly
angular ; leaves from narrow-elliptic to ovate ; flowers
from one to three on each stalk, rather small ; fruit very
small, one-seeded. D. xnarifolia.
Corolla beset with a plumous-velvety vestiture out-
side.
Somewhat shrubby ; branches hardly angular, but streaked ;
leaves from linear- to elliptic-lanceolar, occasionally
somewhat indented, slightly beset with a short vestitur-e
underneath ; flowers often in compound leafy racemes ;
hairlets of the corolla dark ; fruit very small, one-seeded.
D. lanceolata.
1544. Stem undeveloped.
Alpine, dwarf, often beset with scattered spreading hairlets ;
leaves all crowded at the root and usually surpassing
the inflorescence, from elliptic- to spatular-obovate, entire
or slightly denticulated ; bracteoles narrow ; segments
of calyx three, elliptic-lanceolar; corolla small, dingy-
yellowish ; seeds without any marginal expansion.
V. montana.
Stem developed ... ... ... ... ... 1545
1545. Bracts disconnected.
Seldom quite glabrous; leaves all radical, from obovate
to elliptic- and narrow-lanceolar, often deeply incised ;
flowers in a dichotomous cyme ; bracts opposite, quite
foliaceous, the lower large and generally lobed or
indented ; segments of calyx five, four of them narrow-
lanceolar or elliptical, the fifth larger and more ovate ;
corolla large, yellow, with a basal conic-cylindrical
protrusion ; seeds brownish, surrounded by a broad
membranous expansion. V. paradoxa.
Bracts connate.
Rather tall desert-plant, glabrous and greyish -green; leaves
all radical, from obovate to elliptic- or elongate-lanceolar,
entire or indented ; flowers in a dichotomous cyme ; bracts
firm, opposite, large, entire, acute ; segments of calyx
five, from deltoid to ovate-lanceolar, the uppermost
largest ; corolla purplish, the expanding membranes of
its lobes narrow or rudimentary ; seeds brownish,
surrounded by a broad membranous expansion. Figure
95. V. conuata.
Victorian Plants. 349
SELLIERA.
1546. Creeping, glabrous.
Perennial plant, chiefly maritime ; leaves from ovate- to
linear-spatular, entire ; flowers on rather short stalks,
solitary or two or three together ; corolla small, rigid ;
stigma-cover with only slight or hardly any ciliolation ;
fruit small, turgidly ovate ; seeds without any mem-
branous margin. S. radicans.
SCABVOZ.A.
1547. Quite shrubby 1548
Almost herbaceous ••• ... .. ... ... 1549
1548. Thorny-branched.
A desert-shrub ; spinules sometimes ramified ; leaves
generally small, from obovate- to linear-elliptical, entire,
often clustered ; flowers small, on short stalks, solitary
or two or few together ; corolla yellowish inside, its lobes
somewhat fringed ; fruit succulent. S. spine SC ens.
Thornless.
A coast- shrub, viscid, glabrous ; leaves large, very firm,
flat, from orbicular to spatular-obovate, occasionally
verging into a lanceolar form, closely denticulated except
towards the base ; flowers in spikes ; floral leaves reduced
to bracts ; corolla blue inside, glabrous outside, its ex-
panding membranes narrow ; ciliolation of the stigma-
cover faint ; fruit rather small, dry. S. crassifolia.
1549. Prostrate 1550
Erect 1552
1550. Leaves quite entire.
A robust coast-plant, widely spreading, beset with appressed
shining hairlets ; leaves often very large, rather carnu-
lent, mostly from obovate to almost spatular-elliptical
or the upper narrower ; flowers in terminal spikes ; corolla
blue or outside purplish, bearing inside towards the base
many short very narrow tipped processes ; fruit compara-
tively large, succulent, purplish outside.
S. suaveoleiis.
Leaves indented ... ... ... 1551
350 Key to the System of
1551. Flowers distinctly stalked.
Creeping, generally beset with scattered spreading hair-
lets ; leaves from elliptic- to ovate-lanceolar, irregularly
indented; flowers axillary, solitary, on short stalks,
supported by broadish foliaceous bracteoles ; corolla
whitish inside ; stigma-cover without any conspicuous
marginal ciliolation; fruit small, dry. S. Hookeri.
Flowers almost sessile.
Often diffuse and much beset with generally short hairlets ;
leaves rather small, mostly cuneate-ovate and indented,
the floral leaves gradually much diminished in size ;
corolla blue or whitish inside except towards the base ;
its expanding membranes narrow ; style as well as the
inner base of the corolla invested with soft hairlets ;
ovulary one-celled ; fruit minute, dry.
S. microcarpa.
1552. Flowers almost sessile.
Never tall, somewhat beset with short hairlets ; leaves rather
flaccid, from cuneate- to elliptic-obovate, indented, the
lower comparatively large ; corolla rather large, blue
inside except towards the base ; stigma- cover densely
invested with soft almost purplish hairlets irrespective
of the marginal ciliolation ; ovulary two-celled ; fruit
small, dry. S. aeimila.
Flowers on long stalks ... ... ... ... 1553
1553. Corolla-lobes expanding into broad • marginal mem-
branes.
Beset with spreading rather long and rigid hairlets ; leaves
very long, from broad-linear to elliptic -lanceolar, some
distantly indented ; flowers quite large, few together or
solitary, supported by very long foliaceous bracteoles ;
calyx-lobes elongated; corolla blue and invested with
soft hairlets towards the base inside ; stigma-cover con-
spicuously beset with hairlets ; fruit dry. S. hispida.
Corolla-lobes with hardly any marginal expanding
membranes.
Beset with rather rigid hairlets ; leaves from linear- to
cuneate- and elliptic-lanceolar, somewhat indented ;
flowers rather large, solitary, supported by linear elon-
gated foliaceous bracteoles ; lobes of calyx conspicuous,
narrow ; corolla glabrous inside and lilac except towards
the base ; style nearly glabrous ; fruit small, dry.
S. apterantha.
Victorian Plants. 351
GOODENIA.
1554. Shrubby 1555
Herbaceous ... ... ... * ... 1558
1555. Membranes of the corolla purplish.
Beset with short glandule-bearing hairlets ; leaves short,
from broad-linear to somewhat lanceolar, entire, revolute
at the margin ; flowers solitary, on axillary conspicuously
bracteolate stalks ; corolla except its expanding mem-
branes outside invested with stellular hairlets ; fruit
small, turgidly ovate ; dissepiment very short ; seeds
two, slightly compressed, rather pale, quite smooth and
shining, with a small carnulent appendage.
G. barbata.
Membranes of the corolla yellow ... ... ... 1556
1556. Leaves sessile, clasping.
Beset with glandule -bearing hairlets ; leaves from cordate
to elliptic- or lanceolar-ovate, closely denticulated ;
flowers solitary or two or three together in the axils, on
very short stalks ; corolla invested with glandular hairlets
outside ; fruit ellipsoid ; seeds pale-brownish, without
any marginal expansion. G. amplexans.
Leaves stalked 1557
1557. Leaves of rather thin texture, closely denticulated.
Tall, glabrous, viscid ; leaves from almost cordate- to
lanceolar-ovate ; flowers several together on rather short
axillary stalks ; corolla glabrous outside ; fruit compara-
tively narrow, dissepiment extending far through the
cavity ; seeds flat, pale, ovate, without any marginal
expansion. G. ovata.
Leaves of rather thick texture, imperfectly denticu-
lated.
Glabrous, viscid ; lower leaves from orbicular to ovate,
upper from ovate- to linear-lanceolar, gradually narrowed
downward ; flowers solitary or two or few together, on
axillary rather short stalks ; corolla glabrous outside, its
expanding membranes narrow ; style towards the summit
beset with a whitish vestiture ; fruit rather short, almost
ellipsoid ; seeds flat, pale, elliptical, without any marginal
expansion. G. varia.
352 Key to the System of
1558. Membranes of corolla purplish.
Subtilely beset with glandule-bearing short hairlets ; leaves
flaccid, deeply lobed, the terminal lobe the largest and
usually from cordate- to lanceolar-ovate, all denticulated ;
flowers large, axillary, solitary, on rather short stalks ;
corolla nearly glabrous outside, with a lateral narrow
protrusion towards the base ; fruit almost ellipsoid ; seeds
flat, pale-brownish, without any marginal expansion.
Figure 94. G. Macmillani.
Membranes of the corolla yellow, rarely pale ... 1559
1559. Erect or ascending ... ... 1560
Prostrate or diffuse 1566
1560. Seeds numerous, minute ... 1561
Seeds several or few, comparatively large ... ... 1563
1561. Panicle placed hardly beyond the basal leaves.
Dwarf ; leaves nearly glabrous, the radical leaves crowded,
from elliptic- to linear-lanceolar, entire, the floral leaves
much reduced in size ; panicle beset with very short
spreading hairlets ; flowers rather small, few or several
in each panicle ; all corolla-lobes on both sides equally
membranous-expanded ; style bearing soft hairlets ; fruit
very small ; seeds orbicular, shining, somewhat turgid.
G, hum ills.
Panicle placed much beyond the basal leaves ... 1562
1562. Basal leaves from narrow-lanceolar to almost linear,
mostly entire.
Never tall, nearly glabrous ; radical leaves crowded ; stem-
leaves few, very narrow, gradually shortened ; flowers
small, usually many in each panicle ; all corolla-lobes on
both sides equally membranous-expanded ; fruit quite
small, almost ovate ; seeds shining, smooth.
G. gracilis.
Basal leaves from obovate to almost lanceolar, mostly
indented.
Never tall, often beset with minute spreading hairlets ;
radical leaves crowded ; stem-leaves linear, few or almost
none ; floral leaves reduced to bracts ; flowers small,
usually many in each panicle ; all corolla-lobes on both
sides equally membranous-expanded ; style bearing soft
hairlets ; fruit quite small, almost ovate ; seeds pale-
brownish, orbicular, shining, somewhat turgid.
G. paniculata.
Victorian Plants. 353
1563. Flowers somewhat clustered into a spike-like raceme.
Stems branchless ; leaves firm, mostly basal and glabrous,
elongated-linear, nearly or quite entire ; floral-leaves
bract-like ; flowers rather large ; corolla, except its mem-
branous expansions, outside densely beset with partly
stellular hairlets, its upper lobes unequally membranous-
expanded ; fruit ellipsoid ; seeds flat, without any mar-
ginal expansion. G. stelligera.
Flowers on long scattered stalks ... ... ... 1564
1564. Corolla, except its expanding membranes, beset with
silk-like vestiture outside.
Never tall, nearly glabrous ; stems slender, branchless ;
leaves greyish-green, from ovate- to narrow-lanceolar,
entire or seldom indented ; flowers somewhat fragrant,
axillary and terminal, solitary ; bracteoles absent ; lobes
of the calyx longer than the tube or as long ; corolla-lobes
all on both sides broadly expanded into pale-yellow
membranes ; transparent appendages of the upper corolla-
lobes for protection of the stigma- cover conspicuous ;
style invested with short soft hairlets ; fruit turgid ;
dissepiments considerably shorter than the fruit-cavity;
seeds pale-brownish, with a broad marginal expansion.
G. glauca.
Corolla almost or quite glabrous outside ... ... 1565
1565. Leaves entire or remotely denticulated.
Slender, occasionally dwarf, somewhat beset with generally
appressed hairlets ; leaves from almost ovate- to narrow-
laiiceolar, the stem-leaves scattered and distant ; flowers
mostly axillary ; bracteoles absent ; all the corolla-lobes
broadly expanded on both sides into bright-yellow mem-
branes ; style short ; cover of stigma invested with short
hairlets ; fruit small, its long stalk finally reversed ; seeds
plano-convex, dull-brownish, hardly margined.
G. elongata.
Basal leaves mostly pinnatisected.
Somewhat beset with appressed hairlets or rarely glabrous ;
leaves mostly radical, their lobes usually narrow ; stem-
leaves often only at the base of the flower-stalks, generally
diminutive ; flowers usually rather large, mostly or all
terminal, either solitary or two or few near together, on
separate stalks ; bracteoles absent ; upper lobes of the
corolla only unilaterally broad-expanded ; cover of stigma
beset with short soft hairlets ; dissepiment considerably
shorter than the fruit-cavity, semi-circularly excised ;
seeds flat, black, expanded into a broad pale margin.
G. piuuatifida.
2 A
354 Key to the System of
1566«. Flowers quite minute.
Annual, scantily beset with spreading hairlets ; basal leaves
crowded, pinnatilobed or some merely short-incised ; stem-
leaves present only at the inflorescence, small, from
rhombous-cuneate to lanceolar, scantily indented or entire;
stalks elongated, corymbously or racemously approxi-
mated, unprovided with bracteoles ; lobes of the calyx
comparatively broadish ; expansions of the corolla from
yellow turning white or purplish ; fruit globular -ovate,
nearly unilocular ; seeds few, rather large, collateral,
blackish when ripe, surrounded by a pale broadish
margin. G. pusilliflora.
Flowers rather small or of conspicuous size ... 1566&
1566&. Upper corolla-lobes almost dimidiated ... ... 1567
All corolla-lobes on both sides equally expanded ... 1568
1567. Ripe seeds brownish.
Nearly glabrous, producing very slender offshoots ; leaves
rather small, tufted at the base and at the upper end of
the stems, from broad- to linear-lanceolar, mostly entire ;
flowers small, solitary, on rather long and thin stalks,
crowded among leaves at and near the summit, rarely at
the base of the stems ; bracteoles usually absent ; corolla
outside beset with appressed shining vestiture ; fruit
small, roundish-ovate ; dissepiment extending far into
f;he fruit-cavity ; seeds flat, expanded into a pale rather '
narrow margin. G. heteromera.
Ripe seeds black.
Seldom much elongated, sometimes erect, beset with minute
spreading hairlets ; leaves throughout approximated,
basal and scattered, from rhomboid -ovate to narrow -
lanceolar, denticulated or occasionally some incised ;
flowers rather small, solitary, axillary, on conspicuous
stalklets ; bracteoles absent ; corolla with an unilateral
protrusion towards the base, its outside vestiture subtile,
very short, without any lustre, all its lobes on both sides
equally membranous-expanded ; fruit roundish, com-
pressed, almost unilocular ; seeds few, comparatively
large, orbicular, all placed at the same level, surrounded
by a broad marginal pale expansion.
G. cycloptera.
Victorian Plants. 355
1568. Leaves scattered along elongated stems.
Here chiefly -alpine, widely prostrate ; leaves from cordate-
orbicular to rhomboid-ovate, irregularly denticulated,
here usually beset underneath with a dense white vesti-
ture ; flowers from one to three on long axillary stalks ;
bracteoles somewhat distant from the flowers ; calyx
comparatively small ; corolla outside beset with minute
hairlets ; fruit ovate ; seeds flat, without any marginal
expansion. G. hederacea.
Leaves tufted on abbreviated or almost obliterated
stems.
Partially or extensively beset with somewhat cottony or
only slightly interwoven vestiture ; leaves from almost
obovate to lanceolate-linear, distantly denticulated ;
flowers rather large, always solitary, on very long almost
radical stalks ; bracteoles distant from the flowers, at the
angular junction of the stalk and stalklet ; corolla outside
densely beset with hairlets ; fruit turgidly ovate ; seeds
flat, elliptical, without any marginal expansion.
G. geniculata.
L1MNANTHSMUM.
1569. Erect, semiaquatic.
Leaves on long stalks, from ovate- to renate-cordate, all
basal and without any denticulation ; flowers in a cymous
panicle ; corolla yellow, its tube short, its lobes neither
fringed nor crested, but minutely denticulated and inside
towards the base much beset with tender hairlets ; fruit
towards the summit longitudinally dehiscent ; seeds
appendiculated, lenticular-ovate, never numerous.
Ii. exalt at um,
Floating ......... ...... 1570
1570. Lobes of corolla crested along the middle by a fringed
broad membrane inside.
Leaves from the nodes of the stem, mostly cordate-orbicular,
long-stalked, notched-denticulated, beneath dotted with
glandules ; flowers solitary or two or more together on
long stalklets ; corolla yellow, its tube short, its lobes
conspicuously fringed at the margin and also much beset
with tender hairlets inside towards the base ; stigmas
fringed ; fruit almost indehiscent ; seeds numerous, ovate,
smooth. Ii. crenatum.
356 Key to the System of
Lobes of corolla without any crested membrane along
the middle inside.
Leaves from the nodes of the stem, from cordate- to rehate-
orbicular, long-stalked, without any denticulation; flowers
solitary or two or three together on long stalklets ; corolla
yellow, its tube short, its lobes slightly or hardly fringed
along the margin, sparingly beset with tender hairlets
inside towards the base ; fruit almost indehiscent ; seeds
numerous, biconvex. L. gexninatum.
ERYTHRAEA.
1571. Flowers nearly sessile, often forming somewhat uni-
lateral and cymous spikes.
Never tall, on exposed coasts often very dwarf; leaves
sessile, from oval- to narrow -elliptic ; flowers small,
occasionally reduced to three or two or .even one ; corolla
rosy-red, much oftener five- than four-lobed ; style undi-
vided ; stigma somewhat bilobed ; fruit ellipsoid, enclosed.
(E. Australis.) E. spicata.
SEBAEA.
1572. Corolla bright-yellow, five-lobed.
Never tall, always glabrous ; leaves small, sessile, from
ova be to cordate-orbicular, sometimes slightly pointed ;
cyme simple or compound, the middle stalklets abbrevi-
ated, the others elongated ; segments of calyx five, acute,
the carinular venule of each prominent ; lobes of the
corolla pointed ; stamens high-inserted on the corolla ;
fruit ellipsoid-ovate. S. OVata.
Corolla yellowish-white, four-lobed.
Never tall, always glabrous, restricted to brackish soil ;
leaves small, sessile, mostly ovate or the lower roundish,
somewhat succulent, their venules inconspicuous ; cyme
simple ; none of the stalklets elongated ; segments of
calyx four, obtuse, the carinular venule of each slightly
prominent ; lobes of the corolla blunt ; stamens high-
inserted on the corolla ; fruit ovate-ellipsoid. Figure 96.
S. albidiflora.
GENTXANA.
1573. Corolla with appendages between its lobes.
Very dwarf, annual, glabrous ; leaves quite small, from
almost orbicular to ovate, slightly pointed ; flowers very
small, generally terminal and solitary, nearly sessile ;
Victorian Plants. 357
lobes of the calyx mostly ovate -semilanceolar ; corolla out-
side greenish, inside blue or whitish,- its lobes about half
as long as the tube, the appendages minute ; fruit almost
ovate, compressed. S. quadrifaria.
Corolla without any appendages between its lobes.
Rather tall, mostly alpine and perennial, always glabrous ;
leaves from orbicular-ovate to linear-lanceolar, the basal
leaves crowded ; flowers comparatively large, fragrant, on
long stalklets, often forming corymbs, sometimes panicu-
late or occasionally reduced to few or two or one ; lobes of
the calyx narrow- semilanceolar ; corolla rather long-lobed,
whitish except towards the yellowish base,, its venules
generally blue ; stamens low-inserted on the corolla ; fruit
ellipsoid-cylindrical. G. saxosa.
J ASIYHNEAE.
JASaXXNUBX.
1574. Leaves consisting of three narrow and rather long
leaflets.
A desert-plant, often beset with minute hairlets ; leaves on
comparatively short stalks ; leaflets from narrow-lanceolar
to broad-linear, or occasionally somewhat elliptical ;
flowers in cymous or. almost racemous panicles ; lobes of
the calyx denticular-short; corolla whitish inside, yellowish
outside ; fruit succulent, developing usually only one
globular fruitlet, shining-black outside ; seeds without
albument. J. lineare.
NOTELAEA.
1575. Leaves from ovate- to broad-lanceolar, their secondary
and ultimate venules prominent.
Finally arborescent ; leaves firm ; flowers in axillary hardly
stalked racemes ; petals yellowish ; anthers almost sessile,
clasped by the petals ; fruit from ovate to nearly globular,
bluish-black outside ; seeds provided with albument.
N. lougifolia.
Leaves from narrow- to linear-lanceolar, their secondary
and ultimate venules faint.
Finally arborescent, sometimes then a large tree, always
restricted to forest- valleys ; leaves firm ; flowers in axil-
lary hardly stalked racemes ; anthers almost sessile,
clasped by the petals ; fruit white or variously red or
purplish outside ; seeds provided with albument. Figure
100. N. ligustrina.
358 Key to the System of
IVXITRASACIttE.
1576.- Calyx four-cleft or four-lobed ... 1577
Calyx two-lobed ............ ' ... 1580
1577. Calyx cleft to near the base.
A very small alpine herb, perennial and prostrate, almost
glabrous ; leaves from orbicular- to elliptic -obovate ;
flowers axillary, solitary, short-stalked or almost sessile ;
outer calyx-segments resembling in form diminutive
leaves, inner still smaller and lanceolar ; lobes of the
corolla considerably shorter than its tube ; stamens high- -
inserted ; styles from beginning of growth quite separated,
soon divergent ; fruit almost deltoid, dry, dehiscent
between the styles. M. moiitana.
Calyx lobed to about the middle ... .. ... 1578
1578. Erect.
Perennial, scantily or copiously beset with hairlets ; leaves
small, from elliptic- to linear-lanceolar, recurved along
the margin ; flower-stalks elongated, bearing an irregular
umbel ; stalklets almost capillary ; lobes of corolla about
as long as its tube, beset with minute hairlets at. and near
the base ; fruit roundish, dry, dehiscent between the
styles. M, polyniorpha.
Prostrate ..... ......... . ..... 1579
1579. Lobes of the corolla longer than its tube.
Perennial, weak, scantily beset with hairlets ; leaves very
small, from ovate- to lanceolar-elliptical ; flowers axillary,
solitary, nearly sessile ; corolla glabrous, its tube ex-
tremely short ; stamens emerging ; fruit roundish, dry,
dehiscent between the styles. M. serpillifolia.
Lobes of the corolla shorter than its tube.
Perennial, somewhat firm, usually much beset with rather
rigid hairlets ; leaves small, from orbieular- to lanceolar-
ovate ; stalklets axillary, solitary, from about as long as
the flowers to much longer ; corolla at its orifice beset
with minute hairlets; stamens enclosed, low - inserted ;
fruit dry, roundish but with an excised summit, dehiscent
between the styles. M. pilosa.
Victorian Plants. 359
1580. Styles permanently united at and near the summit.
Annual, erect, often very small, almost or quite glabrous ;
stem and branches wiry ; leaves very small, from linear -
to elliptic-lanceolar, sometimes hardly any developed at
the base of the stem ; flowers in terminal umbels or only
three or two together or singly terminal ; their stalklets
much elongated, thread-like but rigid ; lobes of the calyx
usually shorter than its tube, often deltoid ; corolla
glabrous, hardly emerging, its tube much longer than its
lobes ; stamens low-inserted ; fruit dry, enclosed, some-
what roundish, dehiscent between the styles.
M. paradoxa.'
Styles quite separated from each other.
• Annual, always very small, mostly erect, glabrous, branchless
or scantily branched ; leaves from elliptic- to narrow-
linear ; flowers minute, often singly terminal or some
axillary or occasionally two or three together, their stalk -
lets thread-like, rather elongated ; lobes of the calyx
always shorter than its tube, from hardly deltoid to nearly
truncate ; corolla glabrous, almost enclosed ; styles from
beginning of growth disconnected ; fruit dry, somewhat
square, dehiscent between the styles. ME. distylis.
XiOQANIA.
1581. Leaves very diminutive.
A desert-plant, almost herbaceous, occasionally somewhat
twisted, partly beset with minute hairlets ; leaves from
deltoid to semilaiiceolar ; flowers small, in almost sessile
clusters or some solitary ; lobes of the calyx acute ; corolla
inside partly beset with subtile hairlets ; fruit almost
ovate -ellipsoid, towards its summit dehiscent; seeds
black, narrow -ellipsoid, channelled beneath. Figure 97.
(Euosma nuda.) L. nuda.
Leaves well developed ... ... ... ... 1582
1582. Leaves recurved at the margin.
A riparian plant, tall-shrubby ; leaves firm, elongated, from
narrow-lanceolar to broad-linear, occasionally almost flat,
always pale underneath ; flowers small, mostly in axillary
cymous panicles, only some fruit-bearing ; lobes of the
calyx obtuse ; stamens enclosed ; fruit rather small, dehis-
cent towards its summit ; seeds black, oval.
(Euosma albiflora.) L. floribunda.
Leaves flat 1583
360 Key to the System of
1583. Leaves broad-linear.
A desert-plant, dwarf-shrubby ; leaves firm, rather short,
blunt or pointed ; flowers small, in compact stalked mostly
terminal cymes, only some fruit-bearing ; lobes of the
calyx blunt ; corolla nearly glabrous inside ; fruit small,
almost ellipsoid-ovate, dehiscent towards its summit ;
seeds black, oval.
(Euosma linifolia.) L. linifolia.
Leaves from almost orbicular to lanceolar-elliptical.
A literal plant, dwarf-shrubby, almost glabrous ; leaves
firm, nearly sessile ; flowers small, in compact mostly
terminal cymes, only some with fertile pistil ; lobes of
the calyx blunt ; corolla beset with minute hairlets at and
near its orifice ; fruit small, almost ellipsoid-ovate, pointed,
dehiscent towards its summit ; seeds black, oval.
(Euosma ovata.) L. ovata.
FLANTAOO,
1584. Leaves rather thin, flaccid.
Perennial but flowering in the first year of its growth,
generally beset with short hairlets ; leaves all basal, from
elliptic- to linear-lanceolar, entire or short-lobed ; spikes
on elongated stalks, formed by several or many flowers
or occasionally reduced to three or two flowers ; ovules
four in each ovulary. P. varia.
Leaves thick, rigid ... ... ... 1585
1585. Leaves rather large.
Alpine, perennial ; leaves all basal, shining, glabrous, from
broad- txriiarrow-lanceolar, entire, radiatingly arranged ;
spikes on short stalks, capitular, few-flowered or rarely
the flowers reduced to two or one ; ovules eight in each
ovulary. Figure 98. P. stellaris.
Leaves minute.
Alpine, perennial, very depressed, forming large patches by
emitting suckers ; leaves from narrow- to linear-lanceolar,
in star-like tufts ; flowers usually one or two on each
stalk ; ovules eight in each ovulary.
P. Gunnii.
Victorian Plants. 361
SOX.A.ZTACBAB.
SOLANUIVX.
1586. Annual.
A poisonous herb, often beset with short hairlets ; leaves
flaccid, almost ovate or verging into a rhomboid form,
somewhat denticulated or sinuous ; flowers very small,
drooping, in lateral umbel-like cymes ; corolla white,
deeply cleft, its lobes acute ; anthers coherent ; fruit
quite small, globular, black or green outside. (Probably
. immigrated.) S. nigrum.
Perennial, either herbaceous or shrubby ... ... 1587
1587. Always without any prickles ... ... ... 1588
Usually prickly 1590
1588. Fruit orange-colored, mostly egg-shaped.
Shrubby, tall, glabrous ; branches cylindrical, dark-purplish ;
leaves distinctly stalked, often lanceolar, undivided or
oftener some with few entire semilanceolar elongated
lobes ; corolla large, five-cleft to the middle, inside violet,
outside often whitish ; filaments shorter than the anthers,
the latter disconnected ; fruit large, poisonous.
S. aviculare.
Fruit greenish, mostly globular ... ... ... 1589
1589. Leaves long-lobed.
Shrubby, finally tall, glabrous ; branches robust, green,
very angular ; leaves large, sessile, decurrent, often lan-
ceolar, undivided or oftener some with few semilanceolar
elongated lobes ; corolla large, violet, slightly lobed ;
filaments about as long as the anthers, the latter discon-
nected ; fruit large. Figure 103. S. vescum.
Leaves hardly lobed.
Somewhat shrubby, seldom tall, always glabrous, .scantily
branched ; leaves generally narrow-lanceolar, rather elon-
gated, entire or near the base short-lobed ; corolla violet
inside ; anthers disconnected ; fruit moderately large,
nodding. S. simile.
362 Key to the System of
1590. Almost glabrous.
A nearly herbaceous forest-plant, somewhat tall or depressed;
prickles reddish-yellow, numerous all over the plant ;
leaves rather large, quite thin, in outline from almost
. ovate to lanceolar-elliptical, acutely lobed ; flowers in
often short racemes or sometimes reduced to two or even
only one ; corolla violet, beset with stellular hairlets out-
side ; fruit spherical', whitish- and green-mottled outside.
S. armatum.
Beset with stellular hairlets 1591
1591. Vestiture consisting of mostly scattered hairlets.
A nearly herbaceous forest-plant, never tall ; prickles
reddish-yellow, numerous all over the plant ; leaves
rather large, thin, from roundish- to elliptic-ovate, with
usually short acute lobes ; flowers two together or solitary,
without any stalk to the stalklets ; corolla violet ; fruit
yellowish outside. S. pungetium.
Vestiture consisting of mostly close-approximated
hairlets ... 1592
1592. Prickles numerous all over the plant.
A dwarf nearly herbaceous desert-plant, beset with a thin
somewhat velvet-like vestiture ; prickles reddish-yellow ;
leaves in outline from almost ovate to elliptical, sinuous-
pinnatifid, above soon nearly glabrous, their lobes blunt ;
flowers few in each raceme or only two together ; corolla
deeply cleft into acute lobes ; fruit globular, yellowish
outside. S. lacunarium.
Prickles scantily dispersed over the plant or almost
absent.
A dwarf herbaceous desert-plant, beset with a very thin
somewhat velvet-like vestiture ; prickles short, reddish-
yellow, occasionally quite absent ; leaves from ovate- to
narrow- or lanceolar-elliptical, entire or towards the base
slightly sinuous ; flowers few in each raceme or only two
together ; corolla violet, short-lobed ; fruit rather small,
yellowish outside. S. esuriale.
X.YCXTT1K.
1593. Leaves small, turgid and carnulent.
A rather dwarf desert-shrub, glabrous; branchlets rigid,
spinescent ; leaves slightly compressed, broadly clavate,
often somewhat clustered, almost succulent ; flowers
small, solitary, their stalklets about as long as the calyx ;
corolla white, violet-streaked, its tube much longer than
its lobes ; stamens of unequal length, all enclosed ; fruit
ovate-globular, bright-red outside. L. Australe.
Victorian Plants. . -363
NICOTZANA.
1994. Corolla somewhat greenish outside, the lobes on the
upper side whitish or slightly yellowish.
Herbaceous, often tall and much beset with viscid hairlets ;
lower leaves from almost ovate to somewhat spatular ;
upper leaves few, mostly sessile, from nearly cordate to
lanceolar or occasionally absent ; flowers generally soon
distant, in simple or somewhat compound racemes,
varying from rather small to quite large ; lobes of the
corolla roundish, considerably shorter than its tube;
fruit almost ovate ; seeds very numerous, minute.
" Native Tobacco-plant. " N. suaveolens.
ANTKOCEZtCXS.
1595. Flowers rather large, in leafy panicles.
Tall, imperfectly beset with very short hairlets ;' leaves
large, from elliptic to lanceolar, glabrescent ; flowers few
together or only two or sometimes solitary on each branch
of the inflorescence ; corolla whitish, its lobes acute,
somewhat unequal ; anthers almost one-celled ; fruit
globular- ovate, few-seeded. A. Eadesii.
.Flowers very small, solitary.
Dwarf, beset with short glandule-bearing hairlets ; leaves
small, sessile, from oval to narrow-elliptical and broad-
linear, often recurved at the margin ; flowers on short
stalklets ; corolla whitish, its lobes obtuse, somewhat
unequal ; anthers almost one-celled ; fruit globular-ovate,
few-seeded. A. myosotidea.
PRIMULA-CEAE.
SAMOX.US.
1596. Leaves almost or quite membranous.
Leaves from roundish- to lanceolar-ovate ; flowers quite
small, in racemes ; lobes of. calyx deltoid, soon shorter
than the tube ; corolla tender, whitish or pink ; filaments
shorter than the corolla-tube ; anthers minute, cordate ;
fruit small, globular, slightly emerged. S. Valerandi.
Leaves firm, somewhat succulent.
Leaves from narrow- to lanceolar-linear or the lower verging
into an obovate form, the upper occasionally diminutive ;
flowers rather large, in racemes, or exceptionally quite
solitary on a dwarf short- and broad-leaved state of the
plant ; lobes of calyx narrowly semilanceolar, longer than
its tube ; corolla firm, whitish or pink ; anthers ovate,
pointed; fruit ovate, half emerged. S. repens.
364 . Key to the System of
XiirSXlKACHXA.
1597. Flowers in racemes, with yellow corolla.
Erect, tall ; leaves scattered or ternately approximated,
from elongate- to narrow-lanceolar, somewhat trans-
parently dotted ; racemes simple or compound ; flowers
'rather large ; lobes of the calyx margined ; stamens
slightly connected at the base ; style thin, deciduous ;
fruit globular. L. salicifolia.
ANAGALLZS.
1598. Flowers minute, with whitish four-lobed corolla.
Annual, very small ; leaves scattered, mostly lanceolar-
ovate ; flowers axillary, solitary, almost sessile ; stamens
four ; fruit globular. (Possibly immigrated.)
A. Centunculus.
ITCYRSINE.
1599. Leaves large, from elliptic- to lanceolar-obovate.
Arborescent, finally tall-arboreous ; leaves occasionally some-
what denticulated ; flowers on conspicuous stalklets, only-
some fruit-bearing ; corolla greenish, its segments con-
tiguous at the margin before expansion; anthers almost
sessile ; fruit quite small, globular. Figure 99.
Iff. variabilis.
EPACRIDEAE.
BRACHYXiOBXA.
1600. Sepals and corolla reddish.
Rather dwarf ; leaves small, almost flat, from lanceolar- to
broad-linear, pointed, minutely denticulated ; flowers
axillary, solitary, nearly sessile ; sepals blunt,, rather
transparent ; corolla-tube enclosed ; lobes obtuse, inside
somewhat beset with hairlets ; fruit globular.
B. ericoides.
Sepals pale; corolla whitish ... ... ...... 1601
1601. Leaves almost blunt.
Erect ; leaves small, from oval- to lanceolar-elliptical,
almost flat ; flowers solitary, axillary or lateral ; sepals
minute ; corolla-lobes acute, only slightly overlapping,
inside hardly or scantily beset with hairlets ; fruit small,
globular. B. daphnoides.
Victorian Plants. 365
Leaves pungent-pointed ... ... 1602
1602. Leaves short-pointed.
Dwarf ; leaves very small, flat, from ovate- to elliptic-
lanceolar, minutely denticulated ; flowers very small,
axillary, solitary ; corolla-lobes acute, inside hardly beset
with hairlets ; fruit minute. B. ciliatum.
Leaves long-pointed.
Diffuse; leaves small, mostly linear-lanceolar, soon spreading;
flowers very small, axillary, solitary or crowded ; sepals
long-pointed, equal in length to the corolla-tube ; corolla-
lobes acute, inside beset with minute' hairlets ; fruit ovate,
reddish outside. B. depressum.
STVPHEXilA.
1603. Prostrate ... ... 1604
Erect or diffuse ... ... ... ... ... 1608
1604. Corolla always bright-red.
Leaves small, from narrow-lanceolar to almost linear,
pungent, denticular-ciliolated ; flowers solitary, axillary,
nearly sessile ; sepals comparatively large ; corolla-tube
elongated-cylindrical ; corolla-lobes inside densely beset
with short somewhat reddish hairlets ; fruit rather large,
ovate-globular, dark-greenish outside. S. humifusa.
Corolla never bright-red * ... ... ... ... 1605
1605. Corolla inside or wholly white ... ... ... 1606
Corolla never white ... ... ... .... ... 1607
1606. Leaves minute.
Leaves crowded, from ovate- to broad-lanceolar, subtile-
pointed, denticular-ciliolated, often recurved at the
margin ; flowers solitary or two together, axillary, almost
sessile ; corolla very small, its lobes inside densely beset
with short white hairlets ; fruit minute.
S. attenuata.
Leaves of rather conspicuous size.
Alpine or subalpine ; leaves from oval- or lanceolar- to
linear- elliptical, pungent-pointed, almost flat, slightly
denticular-ciliolated, hardly spreading ; flowers axillary,
solitary, almost sessile ; corolla-tube cylindrical, exserted ;
lobes inside densely beset with white hairlets; fruit ovate-
ellipsoid, outside slightly succulent. S. Fraseri.
366 . Key to the System of
1607. Corolla yellowish or pale-reddish, the lobes inside •
densely beset with hairlets.
Leaves mostly appressed and lanceolar, pungent-pointed,
denticular-ciliolated, paler on the underside ; flowers
axillary, solitary, nearly sessile; sepals rather large, some-
what reddish ; corolla-tube elongated, lobes also long, its
hairlets lax and elongated ; stamens much emerging ;
anthers long and narrow ; fruit comparatively large,
ovate-globular, outside greenish.
S. adscendeus.
Corolla wholly green,, the lobes only at the summit
beset with hairlets.
Leaves small, spreading, from lanceolar- to broad-linear,
pungent-pointed, almost flat, denticular-ciliolated ; flowers
quite small, in axillary or lateral or seldom terminal
clusters ; corolla-tube exserted ; fruit globular, whitish
'outside. S. serrulata.
1608. Corolla-lobes inside beset with hairlets 1609
Corolla-lobes on both sides glabrous ... ... ... 1629
1609. Corolla white inside ... 1610
Corolla either red or yellowish and greenish ... 1628
1610. Corolla-lobes only at the summit beset with hairlets.
Maritime ; leaves small, thick, from cordate-oval to narrow-
elliptical, flat ; flowers minute, in axillary or lateral,
clusters ; fruit very small. S. ovalifolia.
Corolla-lobes inside completely beset with hairlets ... 1611
1611. Flowers solitary or two or rarely more together ... 1612
Flowers in spikes or clusters 1618
1612. Leaves mostly ovate or orbicular or cordate ... 1613
Leaves mostly linear or lanceolar ... ... ... 1615
Victorian Plants. 367
1613. Flowers on a recurved conspicuous stalk.
Desert-plant, always dwarf ; leaves very small, appressed,
from ovate- to narrow-elliptical, somewhat concave ;
flowers very small, solitary or two together, axillary ;
lobes of the corolla inside densely beset with white
hair lets ; fruit ellipsoid, bent downward. S. Woodsii.
Flowers almost sessile ... ... ... ... 1614
1614. Leaves towards the margin incurved.
Desert-plant ; leaves often distant, from cordate- to lanceolar-
ovate, pungent-pointed, minutely denticulated ; flowers
fragrant, solitary or two or three together, axillary ;
corolla whitish or occasionally somewhat reddish, its lobes
inside densely beset with hairlets, its tube enclosed ; fruit
ellipsoid, outside greenish. S. rufa.
Leaves towards the margin recurved or flat.
Desert-plant ; leaves short, very firm, divergent, "from
orbicular- to ovate-cordate, minutely pointed, without
any denticulation ; flowers small, solitary or two or few
together, axillary ; calyx slender ; lobes of the corolla
inside densely beset with white hairlets ; tube enclosed ;
fruit ellipsoid-ovate, greenish outside. S. cordifolia.
1615. Leaves appressed.
Leaves mostly crowded and very short, from broad- to
narrow-lanceolar, pungent-pointed, very concave, minutely
denticulated ; flowers quite small, solitary or two or three
together, axillary ; lobes of the corolla inside densely beset
with white hairlets; tube enclosed; ovulary with five
ovules. S. appressa.
Leaves spreading ... ... ... ... ... 1616
1616. Ovulary with two cells.
Leaves mostly scattered, rather long, almost flat, from
broad- to narrow-lanceolar, pungent-pointed, minutely
denticulated ; flowers quite small ; lobes of the corolla
inside densely beset with white hairlets ; tube enclosed ;
hypogynous disk or scalelets absent ; ovulary with only
two ovules ; fruit small, ellipsoid, compressed, dry.
S. esquaniata.
Ovulary with more than two cells ... ... ... 1617
368 Key to the System of
1617. Flowers nearly sessile.
Leaves small, from elliptic - lanceolar to. narrow-linear,
pungent - pointed ; sepals much pointed; corolla -tube
cylindrical, lobes inside thinly beset with white hairlets ;
fruit very small, turgid-ovate, succulent, outside yellowish
or orange-colored. S. juniperina.
Flowers on a recurved stalk.
Leaves quite small, from elliptic- to linear - lanceolar,
pointed ; flowers very small, .solitary or two together ;
corolla-lobes inside densely beset, with white hairlets;
fruit as yet unknown. S. bifiora.
1618. Flowers in abbreviated spikes ... 1619
Flowers in elongated spikes ... ... ... ... 1626
1619. Venules of leaves five, prominent.
Leaves quite small; thick, from cordate- to lanceolar-ovate,
rather blunt, the lateral vehules divergent ; flowers •
small, crowded and mostly situated at the summit of the
branches ; corolla-lobes inside densely beset with white
hairlets ; fruit very small. S. costata.
Venules of leaves faint ... ... ... ... 1620
1620. Leaves much twisted.
Leaves quite small, mostly linear-lanceolar, slightly ciliolar-
denticulated ; flowers very small ; lobes of the corolla
inside densely beset with white hairlets ; ovules two ;
fruit minute. S. glacialis.
Leaves almost straight ... ... ... ... 1621
1621. Leaves along and towards the margin incurved.
Leaves small, from narrow- to linear-lanceolar, gradually
pointed ; tube of the corolla enclosed, lobes inside densely
beset with white hairlets; flowers very small; ovules
five; fruit minute, dry. S. virgata.
Leaves flat or along their margin recurved 1622
1622. Leaves nearly or quite flat ... ... ... ... 1623
Victorian Plants. 369
Leaves distinctly recurved along the margin ... 1624
1623. Sepals long-pointed.
Leaves minute, from orbicular- to linear-elliptical, blunt ;
flowers quite small ; lobes of the corolla inside densely
beset with white hairlets ; ovules two ; fruit very small,
dry, ellipsoid. S. microphylla.
Sepals blunt.
Alpine, tall ; leaves small, mostly ovate, blunt ; flowers
very small ; tube of the corolla enclosed, lobes inside
densely beset with white hairlets ; fruit globular, some-
what succulent, red outside. S. Macraei.
1624. Leaves blunt or hardly pointed.
Leaves rather or quite small, from oval- to linear-elliptical,
occasionally flat ; inflorescence mostly terminal ; flowers
very small, only exceptionally solitary or two together ;
lobes of the corolla inside densely beset with white hair-
lets ; ovules two ; fruit minute. * S. collilia.
Leaves distinctly pointed. .... ... ... ... 1625
1625. Inflorescence mostly axillary.
Leaves quite small, from elliptic- to broad-linear ; flowers
very small, occasionally only two or three together ; lobes
of the corolla inside densely beset with white hairlets ;
ovules five ; fruit small, ellipsoid, sometimes curved.
S. ericoides.
Inflorescence mostly terminal.
Leaves very small, mostly elliptic-lanceolar, often recurved
also at the apex ; flowers very small ; lobes of the corolla
inside densely beset with white hairlets ; ovules three or
four; fruit ellipsoid-ovate, angular. S. thymifolia,
1626. Flowers in interrupted spikes.
Tall ; leaves flat, mostly lanceolar, longitudinally lined
with strong venules ; flowers very small ; lobes of the
corolla inside densely beset with white hairlets ; fruit
compressed, ovate, two-celled, outside red and succulent.
S. laiiceolata.
Flowers in dense spikes ... ... ... 1627
2 B
370 Key to the System of
1627. Leaves distinctly recurved along the margin.
Tall ; leaves elongated, mostly narrow -lanceolar, longi-
tudinally lined with strong venules ; flowers very small';
lobes of the corolla inside densely beset with white hair-
lets ; fruit depressed-globular, five-celled, outside yel-
lowish and succulent. Si Australis.
Leaves almost flat.
Maritime, tall, finally somewhat arborescent ; leaves mostly
elliptic-lanceolar, broader above the middle, longitudinally,
lined with strong venules ; flowers very small; lobes of
the corolla inside densely beset with white hairlets ; fruit
ovate-globular, equally turgid, normally five-celled, out-
side whitish and succulent. S. Hicliei,
1628. Corolla fiery-red.
Leaves rather small, from narrow-lanceolar to broad-linear,
pungent-pointed, recurved at the margin, greyish beneath ;
flowers comparatively large, axillary, solitary, nearly
sessile, exceptionally yellowish; sepals elongated, shining,
reddish ; corolla-lobes inside densely beset with hairlets ;
fruit comparatively large, globular- or ovate-ellipsoid,
outside dark-green. Figure 110. S. Sonderi.
Corolla red towards the base, "but from yellowish
gradually green towards the summit.
Leaves crowded, narrow-linear, pungent-pointed, almost
acicular, revolute at the margin, greyish beneath ; flowers
axillary, solitary, almost sessile ; sepals comparatively
large ; corolla-tube long-cylindrical, much exserted, lobes
imperfectly beset inside with hairlets ; fruit rather large,
almost globular, outside dark-green. S. pinifolia.
1629. Corolla pale-yellowish.
Leaves crowded, many appressed, from narrow- to linear -
lanceolar, gradvially pungent-pointed, concave, generally
greyish-green ; flowers rather large ; corolla rarely reddish, .
its tube enclosed, its lobes rather long, occasionally beset
with hairlets on the inner side ; fruit nearly globular.
S. urceolata.
Corolla white 1630
1630. Flowers solitary in the axils.
Often maritime, seldom arborescent ; leaves very rigid
and spreading, from lanceolar- to narrow-linear, pungent-
Victorian Plants. 371
pointed, recurved at the margin, greyish beneath; flowers
axillary, often solitary, short - stalked ; corolla - lobes
glabrous or somewhat beset with short hairlets inside ;
fruit depressed-globular, red outside. S. Oxycedrus,
Flowers in clusters or spikes or racemes ... ... 1631
1631. Finally arborescent.
Chiefly maritime ; leaves rather large, from ovate- to linear-
elliptical, almost flat, greyish or whitish underneath ;
flowers minute, in short racemes or occasionally only two
together or even solitary ; perfect staminate and perfect
pistillate flowers often on distinct plants ; corolla white ;
ovule only one ; fruit minute, ovate-ellipsoid, oiitside red
or orange-colored. S. elliptica.
Low-shrubby ... ... 1632
1632. Fruit minute, one-celled.
Leaves small, from lanceolar- to elliptic-linear, pointed,
somewhat or quite recurved along the margin, greyish
or whitish underneath ; flowers minute, few in each
small axillary spike or cluster or occasionally only two
together or even solitary ; corolla white ; ovule only
one; fruit minute. &• scoparia.
Fruit of rather conspicuous size, five-celled ... ... 1633
1633. Leaves almost blunt.
Alpine ; leaves small, from narrow- to linear-elliptical,
somewhat recurved along the margin, beneath greyish ;
flowers quite small, in short mostly terminal spikes ;
corolla white, its lobes glabrous or sometimes inside beset
with hairlets ; stamens and the pistil often perfected only
in distinct flowers ; fruit globular, outside bright-red.
. S. montana.
Leaves pungent-pointed.
Leaves small, spreading, from broad- to narrow-linear ;
flowers rather small, in short racemes or occasionally
only two together ; corolla white or slightly reddish,
its tube cylindrical, much, longer than the lobes, the
latter seldom beset with hairlets inside ; fruit depressed -
globular, succulent, outside -pale-yellowish.
S. strigosa.
372 Key to the System of
TROCHOCARPA.
1634. Fruit normally five-seeded, outside bright-red.
Alpine, prostrate ; leaves generally minute and appressed,
from oval- to narrow-elliptical, somewhat concave ; flowers
very small, solitary, almost sessile ; tube of the corolla
narrow ; lobes densely beset with very short white hair-
lets inside ; fruit small, globular, somewhat succulent.
T. Pumilio.
Fruit normally ten-seeded, outside dark-bluish.
Alpine, dwarf ; leaves small, spreading, from ovate- to
lanceolar-elliptical, almost flat ; spikes very short, few-
flowered ; tube of the corolla greenish, wide, the lobes
purplish and glabrous upwards inside ; fruit comparatively
large, depressed-globular, pulpy, edible. T. Clarkei.
EPACRIS.
1635. Tube of the corolla much longer than the calyx ... 1636
Tube of the corolla about as long as the calyx ... 1637
1636. Tube of the corolla red, the lobes white.
Straggling ; leaves small, spreading, from cordate to
lanceolar-ovate, sharp-pointed ; flowers bent downward,
solitary, axillary ; tube of the corolla very long, ex-
ceptionally white ; style elongated ; fruit small, almost
globular. E. longiflora.
Corolla equal-colored, either red or white.
Slender, erect ; branches generally few ; leaves small,
spreading, from ovate- to linear-lanceolar, sharp-pointed ; '
flowers solitary or rarely two or exceptionally more
together, axillary, somewhat bent downward, forming -
leafy rather unilateral spikes ; corolla white or variously
red, with five impressions near the base; style elongated;
fruit small, almost globular. E. impressa.
1637. Leaves blunt ... ... 1638
Leaves pungent-pointed ... ... ... ... 1641
1638. Tube of the corolla conspicuously turgid.
Alpine, depressed ; leaves minute, thick, mostly oval and
appressed; flowers crowded near the summits of the
Victorian Plants. 373
branches ; bracts and sepals blunt, the latter very short ;
corolla always white, its lobes obtuse ; style abbreviated ;
fruit small, almost globular. E. petrophila.
Tube of the corolla almost cylindrical 1639
1639. Prostrate.
Leaves small, thick, from obovate to narrow-elliptical ;
flowers scattered along the branchlets ; bracts and sepals
blunt ; corolla always white ; style rather elongated ;
fruit small, almost globular. E. crassifolia.
Erect '. 1640
1640. Leaves from obovate to orbicular.
Rather tall ; leaves small, spreading, thick ; flowers crowded
at and near the summit of branchlets ; bracts and sepals
blunt ; -corolla always white, the lobes obtuse ; style
rather elongated ; fruit small, almost globular.
E. robust a.
Leaves almost narrow-elliptical.
Rather tall and slender ; branches few ; leaves small, thick,
appressed or hardly spreading ; flowers fragrant, scattered
along the branches, but forming leafy almost unilateral
spikes ; bracts and sepals nearly blunt ; corolla always
white ; style rather elongated ; fruit small,' almost
globular. E. obtusifolia.
1641. Leaves from linear to quite lanceolar ... ... 1642
Leaves from ovate to cordate ... ... ... 1643
1642. Bracts and sepals fringed with minute hairlets.
Tall, bushy, often literal ; leaves small, pointed, appressed
or hardly spreading; flowers axillary, solitary, but crowded
near the summit of branchlets ; bracts and sepals acute ;
corolla always white, its tube narrow-cylindrical ; style
somewhat beset with hairlets ; fruit small, ovate-globular.
E. lanuginosa.
Bracts and sepals glabrous.
Tall, bushy, often alpine ; leaves small, appressed or hardly
spreading ; flowers axillary, solitary, but crowded near
the summits of branchlets ; bracts and sepals acute ;
corolla always white, its tube narrow- cylindrical ; style
glabrous ; fruit small, ovate -globular. E. paludosa.
374 Key to the System of
1643. Bracts and sepals blunt.
Rather tall ; leaves small, spreading, rigid, mostly cordate
and gradually sharp-pointed, curved inward; flowers
short, axillary and solitary, but forming leafy spikes ;
corolla always white ; style abbreviated ; fruit small,
almost globular. E. microphylla.
Bracts and sepals pointed ... ... ». ... 1644
1644. Leaves slightly pointed.
Alpine, rather dwarf ; leaves quite small, often almost ovate,
thick, nearly or quite flat ; corolla always white ; fruit
small, almost glpbular. E. serpillifolia.
Leaves conspicuously pointed.
Alpine, tall, exceptionally arborescent ; leaves small, from
rhomboid- to lanceolar-oyate, generally somewhat concave;
flowers axillary, solitary, crowded towards the summit of
branchlets ; corolla always white ; style rather elongated ;
fruit small, almost globular. E, keteronema.
SPRSNGELIA.
1645. Corolla pink, deeply cleft, about as long as the calyx.
Finally tall, often of intricate growth ; branches tough ;
leaves rather small, cylindrically incurved towards the
base, channelled-semilanceolar and divergent towards
the pointed summit ; flowers terminal, few together or
two or one ; sepals comparatively large, purplish ; lobes of
the corolla narrow, almost contiguous before expansion ;
stamens free from the corolla ; anthers frequently beset
with minute papillules, often coherent ; fruit small,
globular-ovate. S. incarnata.
RICHEA.
1646. Panicle spike-like, dense, with deciduous bracts and *
bracteoles, generally distant from the spreading
leaves.
Alpine, shrubby, moderately tall ; branches robust, tough ;
leaves rather large, very rigid, from a broad base semi-
laiiceolar, gradually much narrowed upwards ; spikes
terminal ; corolla very short, whitish, separating by
transverse basal fissure ; stamens free from the corolla ;
fruit small, almost globular. R, Gunnii.
Victorian Plants. 375
ERICACEAE.
OAT7LTHERIA.
1647. Fruit-calyx carnulent, white.
Alpine or subalpine, erect, finally tall, much beset with
somewhat reddish hairlets ; leaves rather large, from
elliptic- to narrow-lanceolar, serrulated ; racemes mostly
terminal ; bracts small ; corolla white ; fruit compara-
tively large, depressed -globular. G. hispida.
WITTSTEINIA.
1648. Corolla green-yellowish.
Subalpine ; leaves scattered, rather large, mostly from
almost elliptic to ovate, somewhat distantly denticulated
or indented, glabrous, paler beneath ; flowers axillary,
solitary or two together ; lobes of the calyx conspicuous ;
corolla rather large, sometimes slightly reddish ; stamens
finally somewhat emerging ; anthers longitudinally de-
hiscent ; style elongated ; ovulary two- or three-celled ;
fruit almost globular, greenish- or reddish-white outside ;
seeds few or several. Figure 109. W. vacciniacea.
CONVOZ.VULACEAE.
CUSCTJTA.
1649. Stalklets shorter than the flowers.
Stems and branches thread-like, yellowish ; flowers Usually
in clusters, almost without stalklets, glandular-dotted;
corolla transparent, very turgid, contracted towards the
summit, with five scale-like fringy ciliolated appendages
below the stamens ; styles two ; stigmas blunt ; fruit
depressed-globular. "Dodder." C. Australis.
Stalklets longer than the flowers.
Stems and branches thread-like, yellowish ; corolla trans-
parent, almost bell-shaped, with five scale-like fringy
ciliolated appendages below the stamens ; styles two ;
stigmas blunt ; fruit almost globular. "Dodder."
C. Tasmanica.
CONVOLVULUS.
1650. Bracteoles minute, distant from the calyx.
Dwarf, but perennial, often beset with hairlets ; leaves from
cordate-arrowshaped to Ovate-lanceolar or some linear,
their basal lobes either diverging or obliterated ; lateral
lobes present .or oftener absent; flowers rather small,
axillary, solitary, conspicuously stalked ; corolla pink
or pale ; fruit completely two-celled. C. erubescens.
376 Key to the System of
Bracteoles large, equalling or surpassing the calyx ... 1651
1651. Flowers rather small.
Sylvan, rather extensively climbing, often glabrous ; leaves
from lanceolar-arrowshaped and deltoid to narrow -
lanceolar, the basal lobes diverging, acute ; flowers
axillary, solitary, on very angular stalks ; bracteoles
from ovate- to orbicular- cordate ; corolla pink or pale ;
fruit incompletely two-celled. C. marginatus.
Flowers very large.
Riparian, widely climbing or trailing or on coast-land
creepingly prostrate ; sap copious, white ; leaves large,
from cordate- to ovate-arrowshaped, almost membranous,
or on maritime plants renate and somewhat succulent,
the basal lobes often angular ; flowers axillary, solitary,
long-stalked ; bracteoles mostly lanceolar-ovate ; corolla
rosy red, pale -pink or quite white ; fruit one-celled.
C. sepium.
WIX.SONXA.
1652. Somewhat shrubby.
Restricted to saline ground, never tall, but much branched,
thinly but closely beset with grey silky:shining vestiture,
occasionally spinescent ; leaves minute but thick, mostly
crowded in two rows, sessile, from lanceolar- to orbicular-
ovate, above concave ; flowers very small, axillary, solitary,
sessile ; corolla-tube about as long as the calyx ; fruit en-
closed, globular-ovate. W. huniilis.
Quite herbaceous ... ... ... 1653
1653. Corolla-tube about as long as the calyx.
Quite dwarf, somewhat invested with scattered hairlets ;
• leaves minute, from orbicular to ovate, thick, rather flat ;
flowers very small, axillary, solitary, sessile ; calyx
outside beset with silk-like vestiture ; fruit enclosed,
ovate-globular. W. rotundifolia.
Corolla-tube conspicuously longer than the calyx.
Quite dwarf, almost glabrous ; leaves from elliptic to broad-
linear, somewhat succulent ; flowers small, axillary,'
solitary, sessile ; calyx without any outside vestiture ;
corolla whitish ; stamens long -exser ted ; fruit enclosed,
ovate -globular. W. Backhousii.
Victorian Plants. 377
CRESSA.
1654. Stamens much exserted.
Dwarf, densely beset with greyish mostly appressed hairlets ;
leaves firm, usually from ovate to lanceolar ; flowers
axillary, solitary, but often crowded at and towards the
summit of branchlets, almost sessile ; corolla quite small,
whitish or somewhat pink ; fruit nearly enclosed, almost
globular. C. Cretica.
DXCHONDRA.
1655. Stems generally rooting at the nodes.
Small weak herb, much beset with greyish often appressed
vestiture ; leaves usually scattered, on long stalks, from
cordate- to renate- orbicular, entire ; flowers very small,
solitary, axillary, on conspicuous stalks; corolla yellowish-
white, minute ; fruitlets ovate-ellipsoid, rarely two-seeded.
D. repens.
SARCOSTSBXaiA.
1656. Branches robust, pale-green, evenly cylindrical.
Desert-plant, jointed-ramified, glabrous ; flowers small, in
lateral umbel-like fascicles, their stalklets rather short ;
corolla pale, . deeply cleft, its segments blunt ; gyno-
stemium surrounded by an undivided disk; fruitlets
dehiscent by a single longitudinal fissure ; seeds much
shorter than their tuft of hairlets. S. Australe.
TYX.OPHORA.
1657. Corolla very small, dark-violet, beset with minute
hairlets inside.
Sylvan plant ; leaves from broad- to lanceolar-ovate, pointed,
almost membranous, always glabrous ; umbels axillary,
solitary or two together, on slender stalks ; gynostemium
black -purplish outside ; fruitlets much pointed, dehiscent
by a single longitudinal fissure. T. barbata.
1658. Corolla dark-purplish, deeply cleft, conspicuously
beset with soft hairlets inside.
Desert-plant ; leaves linear, rather long, glabrous ; umbels
stalked, few-flowered, axillary ; corolla-segments acute ;
gynostemium surrounded «by a narrow almost undivided
disk, terminated by five much pointed appendages ; fruit-
lets dehiscent by a single longitudinal fissure ; seeds
shorter than their tuft of hairlets. Figure 102.
D. quinquepartita.
378 Key to the System of
IVXARSDENIA.
1659. Leaves narrow.
Desert-plant, greyish -green, often invested with minute
hairlets ; leaves elongate- and broadish-linear ; flowers
rather large, in simple axillary umbels ; lobes of corolla
glabrous, hardly as long as the tube ; fruit very turgid,
dehiscent by a single longitudinal fissure. " Doubah."
M. Leichardtiaua.
Leaves broad ... ... 1660
1660. Flowers in simple umbels.
Sylvan plant, comparatively robust ; leaves on long stalks,
from ovate to cordate-orbicular, pointed ; flowers fragrant ;
corolla whitish with a green-yellowish tinge, its lobes
blunt, inside imperfectly beset with short hairlets ; fruit
very turgid, dehiscent by a single longitudinal fissure.
M. rostrata.
Flowers in compound cyme-like umbels.
Sylvan plant, often invested with minute hairlets ; root
producing tubers ; leaves on short stalks, from oval- to
lanceolar-elliptical ; flowers quite small ; corolla greenish-
yellow, the lobes glabrous ; fruit rather slender, dehiscent
by a single longitudinal fissure. M. flavescens.
APOCYNEAE.
AX.1TXXA.
1661. Leaves from orbicular- to elliptic-obovate.
Mostly maritime, occasionally somewhat trailing, glabrous ;
leaves very firm, comparatively small, recurved at the
margin, their lateral venules concealed ; flowers small,
terminal, few together, almost sessile, fragrant ; corolla
brownish- or reddish-yellow outside, whitish inside ;
stamens enclosed ; fruitlets orange-colored outside, often
one-seeded or occasionally with two to four seeds and
constricted between them.
(Gynopogonbuxifolius.) A. buxifolia.
LYONSIA.
1662. Leaves from ovate- to linear-lanceolar.
Sylvan, amply winding, robust ; roots producing tubers ;
leaves very firm, comparatively long, greyish • beneath ;
Victorian Plants. 379
flowers small, in cymes, provided with a very thin vesti-
ture ; corolla yellowish inside, its lobes only at the base
beset with hairlets ; anthers exserted, coherent ; f nutlets
very slender, longitudinally connate, on the inner side by
a single fissure dehiscent, the inflexed edges of their peri-
carp inserted on a membranous two-plated dissepiment.
Figure 101. L. straminea.
ASFERIFOLIAE.
EHRETIA.
1663. Finally tall-arboreous.
Sylvan tree, with annually deciduous foliage ; leaves from
ovate- to lanceolar-elliptical, pointed, almost or quite
glabrous, serrulated ; flowers small, in panicles ; stalklets
very short ; corolla whitish ; stamens much exserted ;
fruit small, globular, reddish outside.
E. acnminata.
KAZ.GANZA.
1664. Leaves rather thin, indented towards the summit.
Somewhat sticky, often bearing scattered rigid appressed
hairlets and also a thin glandular vestiture ; leaves from
obovate- to linear-cuiieate, somewhat conduplicated, wavy
or crisped at the margin, occasionally truncated ; flowers
in cymous corymbs, sometimes only three or two together ;
corolla deep-blue, its lobes generally acute ; fruit wrinkled.
H. cyanea.
Leaves thick, entire.
Desert-plant, rather sticky ; leaves from elliptic- to narrow-
lanceolar, recurved at the margin, beset beneath with
a thin whitish velvet-like vestiture ; flowers in small
corymbs ; corolla deep -blue ; anthers viscid, outward
dark and glabrous ; fruit ovate-ellipsoid'. Figure 106.
H. lavandulacea.
BOCHEX.XA.
1665. Calyx usually cleft into more than five segments.
Annual desert-plant, prostrate or ascending, beset with
rigid hairlets ; leaves linear, entire ; flowers mostly
extra-axillary, arranged in leafy racemes ; calyx-segments
narrow, flexuous ; corolla minute, its lobes white ; stamens
often four only ; fruitlets triangular-ovate, pointed.
R. Maccoya.
380 Key to the System of
CYNOGLOSSUBI.
1666. Leaves from almost orbicular to nearly ovate.
Perennial forest-plant, flaccid, often elongated and straggling,
granular-rough, scantily beset with very rigid hairlets ;
leaves rather thin, frequently inequilateral ; flowers small,
in leafy racemes or extra-axillarily scattered; stalklets
elongated, soon recurved ; corolla-lobes blue or white ;
asperities of fruitlets doubly hooked. C. latifolium.
Leaves from elliptic to narrow-lanceolar ..." ... 1667
1667. Flowers in leafy racemes.
Perennial, rather dwarf, erect, slender, much beset with
appressed somewhat rigid hairlets ; lower leaves stalked,
upper sessile ; stalklets elongated, soon recurved ; flowers
intensely fragrant ; corolla very small, its lobes white,
its appendages bright-yellow ; asperities of fruitlets
doubly hooked. C. suaveolens.
Flowers in leafless racemes.
Perennial, rather tall, erect, comparatively robust, much
beset with appressed somewhat rigid hairlets ; leaves
mostly stalked ; stalklets of flowers abbreviated, the
lowest sometimes axillary ; flowers small, scented ; corolla-
lobes often blue, occasionally pink or white ; asperities of
fruitlets doubly hooked, those at the margin longest.
C. An st rale.
XiAFFTJXiA.
1668. Fruitlets at the margin beset with spinular processes,
at the back impressed -hollowed and somewhat
granular-rough.
Annual, dwarf, erect or ascending, somewhat beset with
generally appressed hairlets ; leaves from ovate- to linear-
elliptical ; flowers in leafy almost one-sided racemes, very
small, on short stalklets ; lobes of the corolla usually blue ;
margin of fruitlets prominent : spinular asperities rather
few, somewhat barbed. L. concava.
ERITRICHUItt.
1669. Lower leaves generally opposite.
Annual, dwarf, erect or ascending, somewhat beset with
generally appressed yellowish or greyish hairlets ; leaves
quite small, from narrow-elliptical to broadish-linear, the
upper scattered ; flowers in one-sided spike-like foliaceous-
bracteated racemes ; corolla minute, its lobes white ;
fruitlets rather acute, reticular- and wrinkled-rough.
E. Australasicum.
Victorian Plants. 381
1VXYOSOTIS.
1670. Stamens almost enclosed.
Beset with short hairlets ; stem rather short and quite thin ;
leaves from obovate- to lanceolar- or linear-elliptical ;
stalklets very short ; bracts none ; flowers very small, all
turned to one side ; hairlets of the calyx hooked ; lobes
of corolla white or blue ; fruit enclosed.
M. Anstralis.
Stamens much exserted.
Perennial, sylvan, beset with rather rigid hairlets ; stem
rather tall and robust ; leaves from elliptical to narrow -
lanceolar, rather elongated, usually sessile or somewhat
decurrent ; stalklets short ; bracts none ; flowers relatively
large, fragrant; hairlets of the calyx hooked; lobes of
corolla oftener white than bluish ; fruit enclosed.
M. suave olens.
HEXiXOTROPIUlK.
1671. Glabrous.
.Prostrate, grey-greenish, somewhat succulent ; leaves from
oval to almost linear ; lateral venules concealed ; spikes
usually two together ; flowers small, all turned to one
side ; lobes of the corolla white ; bracts none ; stigma
depressed ; fruit very short and broadish.
H. Curassavicum.
Beset with hairlets 1672
1672. Vestiture consisting of short and mostly appressed
hairlets.
Erect or ascending; leaves conspicuously stalked, rather
smooth, entire, from elliptic- to lanceolar-ovate ; spikes
. usually two together; bracts none; flowers very small,
all turned to one side ; lobes of the corolla white ; stigma
elongate-conical ; fruit wrinkled -rough.
H. Europaeum.
Vestiture consisting of elongated rigid and mostly
spreading hairlets.
Desert-plant, erect or ascending ; leaves from elliptic to
almost lanceolar, mostly sessile, waved and recurved at
the margin ; spikes usually two together ; flowers closely
approximated, all turned to one side ; lobes of the corolla
white ; stigma slender-conical. H. asperriuinm.
382 Key to the System of
X. ABI ATAE.
SALVIA.
1673. Flowers almost minute, supported by very small bracts
or floral leaves.
Herbaceous, much beset with short hairlets ; leaves all
stalked, f rom lanceolar to elliptical, irregularly crenulated,
wrinkled above ; whorls of flowers distinct ; denticles of
the calyx blunt ; corolla slightly exserted, pale-purplish ;
fruitlets minute, ellipsoid. S. plebeja.
1674. Inflorescence terminal, short, almost cylindrical, with
roundish somewhat purplish bracts.
Never tall, somewhat beset with hairlets ; leaves from
elliptical- to lanceolar-ovate, distantly indented or almost
entire, only the uppermost sessile ; bracts from cordate
to renate-orbicular, pointed, ciliolated ; flowers small ;
upper side of the calyx truncate and minutely denticu-
lated at the summit ; corolla violet ; fruitlets very small,
triangular-ellipsoid.
(Prunella vulgaris.) B. vulgar is.
FL£CTRANTHUS.
675. Leaves long-stalked, from cordate- to ovate-orbicular,
crenular-indented.
Usually rather tall ; stem slightly pellucid ; leaves wrinkled
above, occasionally assuming a somewhat purplish hue ;
inflorescence leafless, consisting of distinct whorls ; bracts
fugacious ; corolla pure-blue, semiemergent, its lowest
lobe enlarged, concave ; two of the stamens somewhat
longer than the corolla ; fruitlets smooth. .
P. parviflorns.
X.1TCOPUS.
1676. Leaves from broad- to narrow-lanceolar, serrated.
Swamp-plant, rather tall, scantily beset with minute rigid
hairlets ; leaves comparatively long, but on short stalks
or almost sessile, their denticles somewhat distant ;
flowers quite small, their stalks and stalklets almost
absent ; bracts short, narrow, pointed ; corolla whitish,
usually but little emerging ; fruitlets smooth, somewhat
turgidly margined. Ii. Australis.
Victorian Plants. 383
WESTRINGIA.
1677. Corolla violet.
Forest-plant, nearly glabrous ; leaves generally three in a
whorl, from ovate- to lanceolar-elliptical, almost flat ;
bracteoles much shorter than the calyx; lobes of the
calyx about as long as the tube ; corolla beset with
minute hairlets outside. W. glabra.
Corolla white ... 1678
1678. Leaves generally three in a whorl ... ... ... 1679
Leaves generally four or six in a whorl ... ... 1680
1679. Leaves elongated.
Riparian plant, imperfectly beset with minute hairlets';
leaves linear, somewhat recurved at the margin, nearly
glabrous beneath ; lobes of the calyx rather shorter than
the tube. W. longifolia.
Leaves abbreviated.
Desert-plant, much beset with minute hairlets; leaves
mostly linear-lanceolar, somewhat pungent, refracted at
the margin ; lobes of the calyx considerably shorter than
the tube. W. rigida.
1680. Leaves generally four in a whorl.
Coast-plant ; leaves from elliptic- to linear-lanceolar, re-
curved at the margin, beset with a close white rather
shining vestiture underneath ; lobes of the calyx nearly
as long as the tube ; corolla outside beset with appressed
hairlets. W. rosinariniforztiis.
Leaves generally six in a whorl.
Highland -plant, much beset with rather long whitish hair-
lets ; leaves mostly lanceolate-linear, revolute at the
margin ; lobes of the calyx about as long as the tube.
W. senifolia.
1VIENTHA.
1681. Tall, erect ... 1682
Dwarf, diffuse 1683
384 Key to the System of
1682. Leaves almost ovate, much indented.
Sylvan ; leaves rather large ; flowers numerous in each
whorl, on conspicuous stalklets ; lobes of the calyx semi-
lanceolar ; corolla much longer than the calyx, often
lilac-colored ; upper portion of stamens generally exserted.
M. laxiflora.
Leaves almost lanceolar, entire or scantily indented.
Often riparian ; flowers numerous in each whorl, on very
short stalklets ; lobes of the calyx narrow ; corolla some-
what longer than the calyx, lilac-colored or white ; upper
portion of stamens generally exserted. M. Aus trails.
1683. Leaves rather small, lanceolar-ovate.
Often in valleys, rather dwarf ; leaves almost entire, on
rather conspicuous stalks ; flowers small, rather few in
each whorl, on very short stalklets ; lobes of the calyx
quite short ; corolla hardly exceeding the calyx, often
lilac-colored ; stamens generally -quite enclosed.
M. gracilis.
Leaves very small, from oval to narrow-elliptical.
Often on ridges, very dwarf ; leaves entire,, almost sessile ;
flowers small, few in each .whorl, on very short stalklets ;
lobes of the calyx quite short, densely beset with minute
hairlets inside ; corolla hardly longer than the calyx,
lilac-colored or white ; stamens generally quite enclosed.
M. saturejoides.
AJUGA.
1684. Flowers more than one in each axil, with upwards
pure-blue corolla.
Perennial, usually branchless, variously beset with soft
hairlets ; lower leaves from obovate to lanceolar- or
narrow-elliptical, often sinuously indented ; floral leaves
narrower, sessile, gradually entire, mostly longer than
the whorls ; flower-stalks and stalklets hardly developed ;
lobes of the calyx generally shorter than its tube ; corolla
rarely pink or white, its lowest lobe the longest ; fruitlets
reticular- and faveolar-rough. A. Australis.
TEUCRIUltt.
1685. Flowers nearly sessile.
Always dwarf, but perennial ; somewhat beset with short
hairlets and with copious glandules ; leaves in outline
from rhomboid- to linear-cuneate, three- to five-lobed,
recurved at the margin, the lobes entire or cleft again ;
floral leaves bractlike- shortened, slightly indented;
flowers small, in dense short somewhat leafy spikes ;
corolla short-exserted. T. sessiliflorum.
Victorian Plants. 385
Flowers stalked 1686
1686. Beset with somewhat scattered short hairlets.
Perennial, usually rather tall ; leaves from nearly ovate to
broad-lanceolar, indented or somewhat lobed, wrinkled,
the floral leaves gradually diminished in size ; flowers in
stalked opposite cymes, thence arranged in leafy panicles ;
corolla white ; fruitlets invested with minute hairlets.
T. corymbosum.
Beset with whitish closely approximated minute
hairlets.
Principally a desert-plant, perennial, usually rather dwarf ;
leaves mostly small, from elliptic- to linear-lanceolar,
entire or slightly denticulated or exceptionally three-
lobed, occasionally crisped ; flowers often solitary in the
axils, on rather elongated stalks, forming generally a
simple partly leafless raceme ; stalklets elongated ; corolla
white ; fruitlets thinly invested with hairlets.
T. racemosum.
SCUTEXiXiARXA.
1687. Rather tall, often beset with soft hairlets.
Perennial ; leaves comparatively long, mostly from ovate- to
lanceolar-elliptical ; flowers axillary, solitary, all turned
to one side, their supporting leaves gradually smaller ;
upper lobe of the calyx deciduous ; corolla relatively
large, upwards blue, its lower lobes conspicuously longer
than the upper, its tube rather short ; fruitlets enclosed.
S. niollis.
Rather dwarf, often almost glabrous.
Perennial ; leaves comparatively short, mostly from cordate,
to orbicular-ovate ; flowers axillary, solitary, all turned
to one side ; upper lobe of the calyx deciduous ; corolla
relatively small, upwards blue, its lower lobes slightly
longer than the upper, its tube quite short ; fruitlets
enclosed. S. htiniilis.
FROSTANTHERA.
1688. Corolla bright-red.
Desert-plant, never tall, beset with very short but rigid
hairlets ; leaves very small, from oval- to linear-elliptical,
slightly recurved towards the apex, often somewhat
crowded into axillary fascicles ; flowers axillary, on con-
spicuous stalklets; calyx rather elongated; upper division
of the corolla longer than the lower, its orifice spotted
with blackish dots; anther-appendages hardly longer
than the cells. P. coccinea.
20
386 Key to the System of
Corolla white or green or blue or lilac-colored ... 1689
1689. Corolla greenish ... 1690
Corolla white or bluish or lilac-colored ... 1691
1690. Corolla streakless.
Desert-plant, never tall, beset with short but rigid hairlets ;
leaves very small, from rhomboid- to elliptic-ovate, some-
what recurved at the margin ; flowers axillary, on
conspicuous stalklets ; calyx rather elongated, open when
fruit-bearing ; upper division of the corolla longer than
the lower ; anther-appendages shorter than the cells.
F. chlorantha.
Corolla violet-streaked.
Rather tall, partially beset with short hairlets ; leaves
rather small, from rhomboid- to elliptic-oval, entire or
scantily denticulated, recurved at the margin ; flowers
quite large, singly axillary, on conspicuous stalklets ;
upper division of the corolla somewhat longer than the
lower ; lateral lower lobes semilanceolar, pointed ; anther-
appendages shorter than the cells. F; Walter!.
1691. Corolla upwards blue- or lilac-colored ... ... 1692
Corolla nearly or quite white ... ... 1699
1692. Thorny.
Never tall, branchlets acicular-spinescent ; leaves quite
small, from orbicular- to lanceolar-ovate, almost entire
and glabrous ; flowers all singly axillary, on conspicuous
stalklets ; corolla spotted towards its orifice with brownish-
yellow dots, upwards lilac-colored ; one of the anther-
appendages much longer than the cells. Figure 107.
F. spinosa.
Thornless 1693
1693. Leaves comparatively long.
Tall ; leaves rather large, flat, flaccid, mostly rhomboid-
ovate, remotely indented, almost glabrous ; flowers in
terminal racemes or some axillary ; lobes of the calyx of
about equal length ; corolla lilac- or somewhat violet-
colored ; anther-appendages hardly longer than the cells.
F. melissifolia.
Leaves comparatively short ... ... ... ... 1694
Victorian Plants. 387
1694. Leaves deeply indented.
Tall ; leaves flat, from elliptic- to lanceolar-ovate, scantily
indented ; flowers in terminal racemes or the lower axil-
lary ; lower calyx-lobe longer than the upper ; corolla
lilac- or somewhat violet -colored ; anther-appendages
about as long as the cells. P. incisa.
Leaves entire or shortly indented ... ... 1695
1695. Leaves from rhomboid- to ovate-orbicular ... ... 1696
Leaves from lanceolar- to linear-elliptical ... ... 1697
1696. Leaves hardly or slightly indented, evidently stalked.
Tall, mainly sylvan, often beset with minute hairlets;
leaves rather small, usually of somewhat thick texture,
slightly indented or almost entire ; flowers in part singly
axillary, forming short partly leafy racemes ; corolla
lilac-colored ; anther -appendages hardly longer than the
cells. P. rotundifolia.
Leaves distinctly indented, almost sessile.
Never tall, much beset with short spreading hairlets;
leaves quite small, occasionally minute, generally recurved
along the margin, wrinkled above ; flowers in terminal
corymbous racemes, rather small ; lower lobe of the
calyx narrower ; corolla-lobes lilac-colored, the orifice
dark-violet or rarely the whole corolla white ; anther-
appendages hardly longer than the cells.
F, violacea.
1697. Corolla upwards deep-blue.
Dwarf, beset with appressed hairlets ; leaves quite small,
from linear- to narrow -elliptical, blunt, flat or slightly
recurved at the margin, equally green on both sides ;
flowers all singly axillary ; lower lobes of the corolla
much longer than the upper, orifice spotted with brown-
yellow dots ; one of the anther-appendages somewhat
longer than the cells. P. debilis.
Corolla upwards lilac-colored... ... ... 1698
1698. Leaves rather small, the bract-like floral leaves blunt.
Beset with short rigid hairlets ; leaves never large, firm,
from ovate- to lanceolar- and narrow-elliptical, revolute
at the margin, paler green beneath ; flowers in somewhat
leafy interrupted racemes ; corolla towards the orifice
spotted with dark-purplish dots ; anther-appendages
hardly longer than the cells. P. hirtula.
388 Key to the System of
Leaves quite small, the bract-like floral leaves pointed.
Never tall, somewhat beset with short hairlets ; leaves
almost sessile, from ovate- to linear-lanceolar, often
broadest towards the base and rough above, entire, re-
curved at the margin, some fascicular-crowded at the
axils ; flowers in somewhat leafy interrupted racemes ;
corolla towards the orifice violet ; one of the anther-
appendages somewhat longer than the cells.
F. deuticnlata.
1699. Leaves comparatively long ... 1700
Leaves comparatively short ... ... 1701
1700. Leaves from ovate- to elongate-lanceolar, serrulated.
Mainly sylvan, finally arborescent, with even a tall and
stout trunk ; leaves large, but usually of thin texture,
glabrous, mostly flat or occasionally somewhat recurved
at the margin ; flowers in often paniculated leafless
racemes ; corolla beset with minute hairlets, towards
the orifice spotted with purplish dots ; one of the anther-
appendages much longer than the cells.
F. lasiantha.
Leaves broad-linear, entire.
Tall, generally glabrous ; leaves somewhat incurved at the
margin, equally green on both sides ; flowers rather large,
solitary in each axil ; upper lobe of the calyx much larger
than the lower ; corolla spotted towards the orifice with
brownish- or greenish-yellow dots ; one of the anther-
appendages conspicuously longer than the cells.
F. iiivea.
1701. Leaves from orbicular- to obovate-cuneate, almost en-
tire.
Alpine, somewhat beset with short hairlets ; leaves rather
small, of thick texture, mostly flat ; flowers axillary,
but forming leafy racemes ; calyx deeply lobed ; corolla
towards the orifice spotted with purplish dots ; one of
the anther-appendages much longer than the cells.
F. cuneata.
Leaves from oval- to linear-elliptical ... ... 1702
1702. Leaves incurved along the margin or flat ... ... 1703
Leaves recurved along the margin ... ... ... 1704
Victorian Plants. 389
1703. Lobes of the calyx nearly equal in length.
Rather dwarf, somewhat invested with appressed hairlets ;
leaves very small, but firm, from elliptical to broad-
linear ; flowers axillary, on very short stalklets ; calyx
quite small ; corolla outside beset with short hairlets ;
one of the anther-appendages somewhat longer than the
cells. F. saxicola.
Upper lobe of the calyx considerably longer than
the lower.
Finally tall, much invested with whitish appressed hairlets;
leaves rather small, of thick texture, from oval- to linear-
elliptical, entire ; flowers singly axillary ; corolla outside
beset with short hairlets ; one of the anther-appendages
much longer than the cells. P. Beliriana.
1704. Leaves rather small, the marginal curvature leaving
below an open space.
Sub-alpine, rather tall ; leaves of thick texture, from
narrow- to linear-elliptical, often beset with minute
hairlets ; flowers axillary, hardly surpassing the sup-
porting leaves ; corolla white, towards the orifice spotted
with yellowish dots ; one of the anther-appendages some-
what longer than the cells. P. phylicifolia.
Leaves minute, through marginal curvature cylin-
drical.
Sub-alpine, seldom tall, somewhat beset with short rigid
hairlets ; leaves firm, crowded and spreading into four
rows, very slender ; flowers quite small, but surpassing
the supporting leaves, singly axillary ; anther-appendages
about as long as the cells. P. decussata.
OBtOBANCHBAB.
OROBANCHE.
1705. Stamens inserted near the middle of the corolla-tube.
Annual or of short duration beyond a year, robust but
never tall ; base of stem turgid ; bracts ovate, pointed,
about half as long as the flowers, powdery-rough,
venular-streaked ; venules of sepals few ; corolla rather
large, curved downward, short-lobed, beset with minute
glandular hairlets ; anthers pointed ; style glabrous ;
fruit longitudinally dehiscent.
(0. cernua.) O. Australiana.
390 Key to the System of
LENTIBULARINAE.
UTRICUX.A.B.XA.
1708. Leaves submerged, repeatedly divided into capillary
segments.
Floating, branched ; leaves distantly beset with numerous
minute roundish vesicular pitchers ; flowers in racemes ;
corolla yellow ; style very short ; fruits on thickened and
reflexed stalklets. U. flexuosa.
Leaves all radical, usually minute ... ... ... 1707
1707. Flowers few or several, terminal.
Stem often rather tall, always branchless ; leaves from
ovate to almost linear, seldom conspicuously elongated ;
pitchers few ; flowers rather large, opposite or ternate,
in one or two or few sets, but occasionally one or two
flowers constituting the whole inflorescence ; corolla
generally violet- colored ; fruit globular.
U. dichotoina.
Flowers two or few, lateral.
Dwarf, branchless ; stem exceedingly thin ; leaves almost
ovate ; pitchers very few ; flowers very small, distant
along the stem, purplish, almost sessile, exceptionally one
only developed ; fruits minute. TJ1. lateriflora.
POXiYPOBXPHOX.YX.
1708. Quite dwarf, with very small flowers.
Leaves very short, from elliptical and lanceolar to linear,
cuneate at the base ; flowers three or two or one ; corolla
rose-red, but orange -colored and yellow at the orifice;
its basal elongation conical, reaching the ends of the
lower lobes; style hardly developed; fruit globular.
Figure 105. P. tenella.
GESNERIACEAE.
FIEIiDIA.
1709. Fruit pulpy, whitish outside.
Epiphyte, chiefly on fern-trees ; stem and main-branches
somewhat woody ; leaves flaccid, mostly from ovate- to
narrow-lanceolar, serrate except towards the base, much
beset with soft brownish or finally greyish hairlets,
alternately smaller and larger, the smaller occasionally
quite undeveloped ; flowers large, axillary, solitary, from
Victorian Plants. 391
conspicuous stalklets pendent, almost unilaterally sup-
ported by two partially connate upwards narrowed
bracteoles ; corolla greenish- or yellowish-white, some-
what transparent, its tube broad-cylindrical, slightly
inflated, many times longer than the roundish hardly
unequal lobes ; fertile stamens about as long as the
corolla, fixed to its base, the fifth stamen rudimentary ;
anthers disconnected, cordate-roundish; style elongated;
disk annular, adnate ; fruit rather large ; placentaries
two-plated ; seeds brown outside. P. Australia.
SCROPHULARINAE.
LIMOSELLA.
1710. Flowers sessile.
Leaves comparatively large, nearly always ovate, occa-
sionally on very long stalks ; lobes of the calyx
remaining much shorter than the tube ; corolla quite
enclosed, greenish-white; filaments particularly short;
fruit relatively of conspicuous size, indehiscent or very
tardily bursting ; seeds furrowed, dark-brown outside.
Ii. Curdieana.
Flowers on conspicuous stalklets.
Leaves comparatively small, from oval and spatular to
linear ; lobes of the calyx soon as long as the tube ;
corolla partly exserted, white or rosy-red ; stamens rarely
two ; fruit very small, but somewhat exserted, two-
valved ; seeds minute. L. aquatica.
GX.OSSOSTXGBXA.
1711. Stalklets of flowers usually exceeding the leaves.
Quite glabrous, rooting at the nodes ; leaves minute, from
narrow-elliptical to almost linear ; calyx often three-
lobed ; corolla very short, white, its lobes without any
ciliolation ; stamens four, generally reaching the end of
the corolla-lobes ; fruit minute, globular, enclosed, two-
valved. G. Drummondi.
Stalklets of flowers usually exceeded by the leaves.
Rooting at the nodes, intricately ramified, depressed;
leaves very small, on stalks of moderate length, from
spatular- to narrow-elliptical; calyx often four-lobed ;
corolla pale-bluish, its lobes fringy ciliolated ; stamens
four, generally much shorter than the corolla-lobes ;
ripe fruit unknown. G. elatinoides.
392 Key to the System of
EITPHRASIA.
1712. Perennial.
Somewhat beset with short hairlets ; leaves firm, sessile,
deeply serrated or short-indented at least towards the
summit ; flowers relatively large, several or many in each
spike, supported by floral leaves ; corolla upwards violet
or lilac or white, but the ample orifice often yellowish ;
anthers black, often amply beset with minute white
hairlets, the cells downwards minutely and equally
appendicular-pointed ; fruit somewhat exserted, almost
ellipsoid, two-valved, many-seeded. E. Brownii.
Annual ..................... 1713
1713. Corolla upwards yellow.
Sometimes biennial ; copiously beset with short glandule-
bearing hairlets ; leaves sessile, often incised, the lobes
rather acute ; flowers relatively large, several or many in
each spike, supported by floral leaves ; corolla-lobes
rather short in proportion to the tube ; anthers somewhat
beset with minute hairlets, the cells downwards minutely
and equally appendicular-pointed ; fruit about as long as
the calyx, almost ellipsoid, two-valved, many-seeded.
E. scabra.
Corolla upwards white.
Dwarf but erect, beset with short glandule-bearing hairlets;
leaves sessile, incised or pinnatifid, the lobes narrow,
blunt ; spikes few-flowered ; lobes of the calyx obtuse ;
corolla-lobes streaked with dark-purplish lines ; orifice
yellowish ; anthers scantily beset with minute hairlets,
the cells downwards minutely and equally appendicular-
pointed ; fruit orbicular -ovate, enclosed, two-valved,
much compressed, few-seeded. E. antarctic a.
BXAZUS.
1714. Leaves from obovate to cuneate-elliptical.
Dwarf but perennial ; leaves mostly basal, irregularly
denticulated, rarely quite entire ; flowers several or few
in each raceme or occasionally reduced to two or one;
stalklets rather long, soon recurved; bracts minute or
undeveloped ; corolla upwards almost violet-colored ;
fruit enclosed, two-valved. Bd. pumilio.
1715. Erect.
Glabrous, never tall ; leaves small, from lanceolar- to
linear-elliptical, sessile, entire or occasionally scantily
Victorian Plants. 393
denticulated; flowers on long stalklets ; calyx promi-
nently angular ; corolla usually upwards blue, at the
orifice beset with minute white hairlets ; fruit almost
ellipsoid, enclosed, two-valved. IVL gracilis.
Prostrate ... 1716
1716. Glabrous.
Leaves quite small, somewhat succulent, from orbicular- to
elliptical-ovate, sessile, entire ; flowers on short stalklets,
axillary, solitary ; angles of the calyx blunt ; corolla
upwards lilac- or violet-colored, at the orifice yellow and
dotted and there beset with minute hairlets ; fruit almost
globular, enclosed, tardily two-valved. Hfl[. repens.
Beset with minute hairlets.
Leaves very small, from narrow- to linear-elliptical, sessile,
entire; flowers small, on rather long stalklets; corolla
upwards bluish, its tube semiexserted and remarkably
slender, the orifice yellowish ; fruit almost ellipsoid,
two-valved. M, prostratus.
STEIKODIA.
1717. Placentaries connate, interposed to the inflexed
margins of the fruit-valves.
Erect perennial desert-plant ; leaves oftener simply opposite
than ternately whorled, never large, from lanceolar to
broad-linear, entire or somewhat denticulated ; calyx
divided to near the base into narrow almost equal seg-
ments ; flowers solitary, supported by short and narrow
bracteoles ; corolla upwards bluish, its tube rather
slender j fruit almost ovate-ellipsoid, four-valved.
S. Morgania.
GRATXOX.A.
1718. Flowers on elongated stalklets.
Usually erect, beset with short glandule-bearing hairlets ;
leaves from almost elliptic- to narrow-lanceolar, sessile,
somewhat denticulated or some entire ; flowers axillary,
solitary, supported by narrow bracteoles ; corolla upwards
pale-pink ; staminodia absent ; fruit ovate-globular, four-
valved. G. pedunculata.
Flowers almost sessile ... ... .- ... 1719
394 Key to the System of
1719. Leaves rather large, mostly serrated.
Ascending or erect, generally riparian, often glabrous, of
C'ticularly bitter taste ; leaves from orbicular to
ceolar-ovate, sessile ; flowers axillary, solitary, sup-
ported by narrow bracteoles ; corolla upwards pale-pink ;
staminodia present ; fruit ovate-globular, four-valved.
G. Feruviaua.
Leaves quite small, hardly denticulated.
Dwarf, often creeping, beset with very short hairlets or
glabrous ; leaves from obovate- to cuneate-elliptical,
sessile; flowers quite small, axillary, solitary, supported
by narrow bracteoles ; corolla upwards pale -pink ;
staminodia present ; fruit globular -ovate, four-valved.
G. liana.
VERONICA.
1720. Annual.
Usually erect, never tall ; leaves quite small, from obovate-
to linear-elliptical, almost without denticulations, mostly
sessile ; flowers very small, in leafy spike-like racemes ;
calyx four-cleft ; corolla bluish or almost white ; fruit
obcordate, compressed against the dissepiment. (Probably
immigrated.) V. peregrina.
Perennial 1721
1721. Herbaceous 1722
Somewhat shrubby ... ... ... ... ... 1729
1722. Flowers nearly all singly terminal.
Alpine, very dwarf, amply tufted ; leaves quite small, of
thick texture, crowded into four rows, sessile, mostly
ovate, concave, entire ; flowers sessile ; calyx five- cleft ;
corolla pink, its tube rather long, lobes sometimes five ;
fruit obcordate, compressed parallel to the dissepiment.
Figure 104. V. densifolia.
Flowers in bracteate or leafy racemes ... ... 1723
1723. Leaves nearly or quite entire ... ... ... 1724
Leaves indented or pinnatisected ... ... ... 1725
Victorian Plants. 395
1724. Leaves from lanceolar- to broad-linear.
Rather dwarf and flaccid, slender, nearly glabrous, scarcely
branched ; leaves entire or seldom somewhat indented ;
flowers few, in partly terminal racemes or some solitary ;
stalks thread-like, occasionally much elongated ; stalklets
rather long ; calyx four- cleft ; corolla blue ; fruit from
obcordate to almost renate, compressed against the
dissepiment. V. gracilis.
Leaves from obovate to elliptical.
Here alpine, never tall, ascendant ; leaves small, firm, the
lower occasionally orbicular, the floral leaves somewhat
lanceolar, scattered, the upper changed into bracts ;
racemes comparatively long ; flowers very small ; calyx
four-cleft ; corolla generally white with bluish venules ;
fruit obcordate- or renate-orbicular, compressed against
the dissepiment. V. S63
1725. Leaves pinnatisected.
Alpine, robust, nearly glabrous ; leaves carnulent, shining,
their segments linear, from entire to pinnatifid ; flowers
in rather long racemes ; calyx five-cleft ; corolla small,
white or bluish ; fruit obcordate, compressed against the
dissepiment. V. nivea.
Leaves indented 1726
1726. Leaves and racemes comparatively long.
Lax forest-plant ; stems elongated, ascending, often partly
creeping ; leaves flaccid, stalked, from ovate- to elongate-
lanceolar, serrated ; racemes mostly axillary, generally
many-flowered ; stalklets rather long ; calyx four-cleft ;
corolla small, pale, streaked by lilac venules ; fruit almost
obcordate, compressed against the dissepiment.
V. notabilis.
Leaves and racemes comparatively short ... ... 1727
1727. Fruit almost orbicular.
Stem slender, often elongated, beset with minute hairlets ;
leaves flaccid, from cordate- and deltoid- to orbicular-
ovate ; racemes seldom much elongated ; calyx four-cleft;
corolla small ; fruit compressed against the dissepiment.
V. plebeja.
Fruit almost obcordate ... ... ... ... 1728
396 Key to the System of
1728. Corolla relatively small, bluish.
Creeping or short-tufty, often conspicuously beset with
hairlets ; leaves from cordate- to deltoid- or rhomboid-
ovate or the upper more lanceolar, indented, wrinkled
above ; racemes axillary, few-flowered ; calyx compara-
tively large, four-cleft ; corolla hardly exserted ; fruit
compressed against the dissepiment. V. calycina.
Corolla relatively large, white.
Chiefly a coast-plant, creeping, dwarf, beset with recurved
short hairlets ; leaves firm, almost sessile, somewhat
rough, from deltoid- to elliptic-ovate, distantly indented ;
racemes corymbous, axillary ; calyx small, four-cleft ;
corolla bluish-streaked, partly exserted ; fruit compressed
against the dissepiment. V. distans.
1729. Leaves entire, mostly connate at the base, never
much elongated.
Tall, quite glabrous ; leaves firm, greyish -green, from ovate-
to lanceolar- deltoid, occasionally disconnected and then
clasping, rarely indented, exceptionally ternate-whorled ;
flowers in elongated racemes ; calyx four-cleft ; corolla
blue, purplish-streaked ; fruit almost oval, compressed
parallel to the dissepiment. V. perf oliata.
Leaves serrulated, sessile, elongated.
Chiefly riparian, quite tall, often nearly glabrous; leaves
from ovate- to narrow -lanceolar, gradually pointed ;
flowers in much elongated partly terminal racemes ;
stalklets short ; calyx small, four -cleft ; corolla white
or blue ; fruit almost oval, compressed parallel to the
dissepiment. V. Derwentia.
BIGNONIACEAE.
TBOOttA.
1730. Calyx relatively small, minutely denticulated.
Tall-climbing and twining, mostly sylvan ; leaflets generally
in three to five pairs, the terminal leaflet solitary, all
firm, from ovate- to narrow-lanceolar, often entire,
glabrous, shining above, or in desert-plants without
lustre, less firm and narrower ; rachis of the leaves
dilated ; flowers in axillary panicles, moderately large ;
corolla whitish, upwards slightly pink, its tube almost
cylindrical, much longer than the lobes, its orifice
marked by dark -purplish dots and spots; fruit rather
large, almost ellipsoid ; pericarp hard ; seeds of con-
spicuous size, flat. T. Australis,
Victorian Plants.
VERBENACEAE.
AVICENNIA.
1731. Lobes of the corolla above glabrous.
Tall shrub, finally arborescent ; leaves from ovate- to
narrow-lanceolar, of very thick texture, very pale be-
neath ; flowers capitular-crowded, on robust stalks ;
corolla firm, its lobes ovate-lanceolar, reddish-yellow
above ; stigmas sessile ; fruit from ellipsoid- to roundish-
ovate, from a very thin vestiture greyish outside ; seed
solitary, soon free from its integument, germinating
before dropping. A. offi.cin.alis.
CXXX.OANTXXES.
1732. Leaves decurrent on the branchlets, much wrinkled
above, recurved along the margin.
Finally rather tall, invested with crisped hairlets ; leaves
simply opposite, of soft texture, from lanceolar- to broad-
linear, rough above ; flowers solitary, mostly axillary,
on very short stalklets ; calyx deeply cleft ; corolla
bluish, dark-dotted, its tube comparatively short but
rather wide, orifice beset with conspicuous hairlets ;
fruit turgid, tardily seceding into halves, with a cavity
between the cells. C. parviflora.
VEKBENA.
1733. Spikes extremely slender.
Perennial, erect, imperfectly beset with appressed minute
but rigid hairlets ; lower leaves mostly cuneate-obovate,
irregularly indented ; upper leaves from rhomboid to
lanceolar in outline, incised or pinnatilobed and also
partly indented ; spikes soon elongated ; bracts minute ;
flowers quite small ; calyx denticulated ; corolla upwards
pale-pink or lilac-colored, the lobes through the union of
the two upper almost equal ; stamens four, enclosed ;
fruitlets dry. "Vervain." V. officinalis.
1VI YOP ORINAE.
miropoxtuar.
1734. Fruit very turgid, three- or more-celled 1735
Fruit quite compressed, two-celled ... ... ... 1740
398 Key to the System of
1735. Dwarf, sometimes prostrate.
Branchlets often glandular-rough ; leaves from narrow-
elliptical to cuneate- or broad-linear, usually obtuse,
entire or oftener bluntly denticulated, sometimes rather
succulent ; flowers solitary or two or three together, on
generally long stalklets ; fruit small, nearly globular,
three- to four-celled. M. huinile.
Tall, sometimes arborescent ... ... ... ... 1736
1736. Leaves denticulated .. 1737
Leaves quite entire ... ... ... ... ... 1738
1737. Leaves of thick texture, often succulent.
Chiefly a coast-species, finally arborescent, occasionally
quite a tall tree ; leaves from broad- to narrow-lanceolar,
of thick texture and somewhat carnulent, bluntly and
rather distantly denticulated ; fruit globular, three- or
four-celled, the outer portion succulent, externally
purplish-blue. 3VL. insulare.
Leaves of thin texture, never succulent.
Never very tall ; branchlets glandular-rough ; leaves from
orbicular-ovate to broad -lanceolar, usually rather short,
thinly stalked, closely serrulated ; flowers axillary, few
or several together ; fruit small, ovate-globular, almost
dry, often three-celled. M. viscosum.
1738. Fruit yellowish outside.
A desert-species, seldom very tall ; leaves very firm, from
lanceolar- to broad-linear, rather short ; flowers compara-
tively small, solitary or two together, on conspicuous
stalklets ; stamens oftener five than four ; fruit small,
gldbular-ovate, two- or three-celled, its outer portion
succulent. M. deserti.
Fruit bluish or purplish outside ... ... ... 1739
1739. Leaves from elongate- to narrow-lanceolar.
A desert-species, often tall ; leaves firm, rather long, much
pointed ; flowers axillary, two or few together ; fruit
ellipsoid -ovate, three- to five-celled, its outer portion
succulent. M. Dampieri.
Victorian Plants.
Leaves from broad- to ovate-lanceolar.
A sylvan species, finally very tall; leaves rather long,
usually of rather thin texture ; flowers axillary, two or
few or several together ; fruit mostly ovate-globular,
often four-celled, its outer portion succulent.
M. tenuifolium.
1740. Fruit gradually pointed.
A desert-species, finally arborescent, quite sticky, somewhat
glandular-rough ; leaves firm, from elongate- to linear-
lanceolar, towards the summit distantly serrulated ;
flowers few or several together, on rather conspicuous
stalklets ; fruit small, dry, almost ovate, narrow-edged.
M. platycarpum.
Fruit truncate-blunt.
Seldom very tall, usually quite sticky ; somewhat glandular-
rough ; leaves from narrow-lanceolar to broad- or elongate-
linear, closely serrulated in their whole length, often of
thin texture, sometimes recurved at the margin ; flowers
few or several together, occasionally as many as ten from
one axil, their stalklets short ; fruit small, dry, quadrate-
or rhomboid-orbicluar, their narrow edge prominent.
M. floribundum.
EREXIXOFHXX.A.
1741. Segments of the calyx usually four.
A desert-species ; branchlets rigid, spinescent ; leaves small,
firm, from elliptic- to cuneate-linear, entire, generally
glabrous ; flowers rather small, solitary or seldom two
together, sessile; segments of the calyx lanceolar, pointed;
corolla bluish or exceptionally white and almost undotted,
outside invested with minute branched hairlets, its lobes
iparatively short, the lowest slightly longer than broad,
eked with darker dots and towards the base densely
corny
marl
invested with hairlets ; stamens nearly enclosed ; fruit
dry, gradually much pointed. £. divaricata.
Segments of the calyx always five ... ... ... 1742
1742. Corolla white 1743
Corolla reddish or bluish ... ... ... ... 1745
1743. Segments of the calyx membranous in texture, obtuse.
A tall desert-species, finally quite arborescent, often exten-
sively beset with minute greyish or slightly yellowish
hairlets ; branchlets lax ; leaves opposite or partly
400 Key to the System of
scattered, from lanceolar- to elongate-linear, recurved-
pointed, entire, sometimes channelled ; flowers compara-
tively large, axillary, solitary, on rather short stalklets;
segments of calyx from cuneate- to spatular-elliptical,
quite attenuated towards the base, their veinlets con-
spicuous ; lowest lobe of the corolla about as broad as
long ; stamens slightly exserted ; fruit relatively small,
from narrow- to ovate-ellipsoid, dry, invested with short
hairlets. E. oppositifolia.
Segments of the calyx foliaceous in texture, acute ... 1744
1744. Leaves mostly linear.
A desert -species, never tall; branchlets rigid, very
spreading ; leaves distant, very narrow, somewhat
channelled, quite entire, glabrous ; flowers large, axillary,
solitary, on conspicuous stalklets ; segments of the calyx
from cordate- to ovate-lanceolar, recurved-pointed; corolla
glabrous outside, its tube ample, its lowest lobe about as
broad as long, yellowish and dotted towards the orifice ;
stamens quite enclosed; fruit dry, ellipsoid-ovate, gradually
much pointed. ZS. polyclada.
Leaves mostly elongate-lanceolar.
A tall and glabrous desert-species, finally somewhat ar-
borescent ; branchlets lax, often pendent, rather sticky ;
leaves long, from narrow- to linear-lanceolar, quite entire ;
flowers large, axillary, solitary, on rather conspicuous
stalklets, often bent downward ; segments of calyx firm ;
corolla much dotted inside, its lowest lobe broader than
long, slightly cleft ; longest stamens somewhat emerging ;
fruit comparatively large, dry, generally ovate-globular.
Figure 108. E. bignoniflora.
1745. Leaves much elongated.
A tall desert-species, finally somewhat arborescent, much
beset with minute greyish hairlets ; branchlets lax,
somewhat pendent ; leaves long, from narrow- to linear-
lanceolar, gradually pointed, quite entire ; flowers axillary,
solitary or two together on usually short stalklets ; calyx
quite small ; corolla dull-reddish, also externally invested
with hairlets, much dotted inside, its lowest lobe longer
than broad ; stamens enclosed or slightly exserted ; fruit
comparatively small, nearly globular, the outer portion
succulent, externally blackish. E. longifolia.
Leaves hardly elongated or quite abbreviated ... 1746
Victorian Plants. 401
1746. Stalklets of flowers elongated 1747
Staiklets of flowers abbreviated or undeveloped ... 1748
1747. Leaves from semicylindric to linear.
A desert-species, finally tall, granular-rough from resinous-
glandular prominences ; leaves linear, . channelled, re-
curved-pointed, seldom verging into a lanceolar form ;
flowers large, axillary, solitary ; lower portion of stalklets
descending, upper ascending ; outer segments of calyx
almost ovate, inner nearly orbicular ; corolla outside
reddish, inside dotted with dark-purplish spots, four of
its lobes quite short, forming an upper set, the fifth
elongated, much longer than broad ; stamens all shorter
than the corolla ; fruit dry, upwards gradually and often
much attenuated. E. alternifolia.
Leaves from broad- to narrow-lanceolar.
A desert-species, finally rather tall ; branchlets rigid ;
leaves very firm, from ovate- to narrow-lanceolar, never
very long, seldom verging into a linear form, quite entire ;
flowers la.rge, axillary, solitary ; lower portion of stalklets
descending, upper ascending ; corolla very much longer
than the calyx, outside reddish, inside dotted with dark-
purplish spots, exceptionally bright-yellow, four of its
lobes quite short, forming an upper set, the fifth elon-
gated, much longer than broad ; two of the stamens
exceeding the corolla ; fruit comparatively large, almost
globular, dry. E. inaculata.
1748. Lowest lobe of the corolla much longer than broad.
A desert-species, finally rather tall, almost completely or
oftener imperfectly beset with minute hairlets ; leaves
from ovate-elliptical to narrow-lanceolar, exceptionally
linear, usually quite entire ; flowers rather large, axillary,
on short stalklets, solitary or occasionally two together ;
corolla very much longer than the calyx, reddish, rarely
green or bright-yellow, four of its lobes very abbreviated
and forming an upper set, the fifth lobe elongated, but
narrow ; stamens much exserted ; fruit globular, the
outer portion succulent, externally dark-colored.
E. Brownii.
Lowest lobe of the corolla hardly longer than broad 1749
1749. Leaves opposite.
A desert-species, slender, densely beset with silver-shining
scalelets ; leaves firm, linear, somewhat channelled,
recurved-pointed, quite entire ; flowers rather small,
2D
402 Key to the System of
axillary, solitary, on very short stalklets ; calyx very
small ;* corolla dull-bluish inside, much narrowed to-
wards the base, its lobes comparatively short ; stamens
quite enclosed ; fruit dry, somewhat pointed.
E. scoparia.
Leaves scattered.
Never tall ; leaves very small, narrow, broadly sessile,
mostly appressed, at the lower side convex and there
beset with several or few resinous -glandular roundish
prominence's ; flowers comparatively small, axillary,
solitary, sessile ; segments of calyx upwards linear ;
corolla inside partly beset with rigid hairlets, its lobes
quite short ; stamens quite enclosed ; fruit very small,
nearly ellipsoid, much compressed, dry.
E. gibbosifolia.
COIf IFERAE.
CAXiZiXTXIXS.
1750. Strobile-segments closely contiguous before expansion.
A desert-species, fruiting already as a shrub, but attaining
to high-arborescent size ; branchlets very slender, hardly
angular ; strobiles almost globular, solitary or few to-
gether ; margins of the segments neither conspicuously
angular nor forming furrows, the dorsal space often
granular-rough, without any prominence ; fruits seed-
like ; cotyledons two or three. C. verrucosa.
Strobile-segments separated externally by slight fur-
rows before expansion ... ... ... 1751
1751. Three of the strobile-segments conspicuously dilated
upwards, with a large pointed prominence near the
middle.
Generally a hill-species, often attaining to high-arborescent
size ; branchlets rather slender, somewhat angular ;
strobiles almost globular, often clustered ; fruits seed-
like ; cotyledons two or three. Figure 111.
C. cupressiforxnis.
Three of the strobile-segments hardly dilated upwards,
with a small pointed prominence near the summit.
Here either a coast- or hill-species, attaining to arborescent
size ; branchlets rather slender, somewhat angular ;
strobiles usually clustered, almost ellipsoid-ovate ; fruits
seed-like ; cotyledons two or three. C. ealcarata.
Victorian Plants. • 403
NAGEIA.
1752. Often amply depressed.
On alpine summits prostrate, in valleys erect but never tall ;
leaves quite small, often turning into two rows, spreading,
very rigid, from elliptic- to broad-linear, thickened at the
margin, whitish or greyish beneath ; staminate spikes
very short, generally solitary ; racheoles pointed ; fruit
quite small, oblique-ovate, its stalk bright-red, somewhat
bilobed at the summit. IT, alpina.
ORCXXXDEAE.
DXPODXUXK.
1753. Scale-like rudiments of leaves crowded towards the
base of the stem, distant upwards.
Parasitic on roots ; stem comparatively tall, reddish-dark ;
rudimentary leaves or leaf -stalks broadly clasping ; raceme
many-flowered ; calyx-lobes and petals of almost equal
length, reddish or seldom pale-greenish, always spotted
with dark-red dots ; lowest petal (labellum) short-bilobed
below the middle, thence elliptical and partly beset with
minute hairlets on the upper side ; gynostemium short,
scarcely dilated ; fruit turgid at and towards the middle.
D. punctatum.
GASTRODXA.
1754. Lower petal narrowed towards the base, much dilated
towards the middle, thence crisped upwards.
Parasitic on roots ; stem somewhat tall ; rudimentary leaves
or leaf -stalks broadly clasping, distant ; flowers few or
several or many in the raceme, turned upside down ; calyx
anteriorely short-slit, obliquely turgid above the ovulary ;
upper petals free only from between the calyx- lobes ;
lower petal much larger, free from the calyx-tube except
at the base, lined by two upwards confluent yellowish
ridgelets, slightly longer than the gynostemium ; stigma
basal ; fruit oblique-turgid. Cr. sesanioid.es.
3ENBROBIUIVX.
1755. Leaves from ovate- to elongate-elliptical.
Generally a rock -plant, always tall ; stems marked by
transverse distant lines ; leaves very large, few, terminally
crowded, rigidly firm ; racemes long, somewhat curved
downward ; flowers large, numerous, turning upside down
through the curvature of the raceme, cream-colored or
pale-yellow ; bracts very small ; calyx -lobes and lateral
petals narrow -lanceolar, but the lower calyx-lobes
404 . Key to the System of
obliquely dilated towards the base, all of nearly equal
length ; lower petal considerably shorter, white with
purple spots, its middle lobe rather broader than long ;
gynostemium short ; fruit turgid. D. speciosum.
Leaves narrow-cylindrical.
Generally a rock -plant, always dwarf, amply rooting, thin-
branched ; leaves pointed, somewhat curved ; flowers
solitary, on elongated stalks, turning upside down,
whitish-yellow, reddish-streaked ; bract minute ; calyx-
lobes about as long as the petals, almost lanceolar, but
the lower towards the base obliquely dilated ; lower petal
quite as long as the others, whitish, its middle lobe'
nearly semielliptical in outline, crisped ; gynostemium
truncate - ellipsoid, very short ; fruit rather turgid.
Figure 112. D. striolatum.
SARCOCHXIiTJS.
1756. Calyx-lobes and lateral petals greenish, the lower
calyx-lobes distant from the upper.
Epiphytal, chiefly on branches of the musk-tree ; stem very
short or obliterated ; leaves few or several, narrow-
lanceolar, rather curved ; flowers from few to many in
axillary raceme-like spikes, fragrant ; bracts quite small ;
calyx-lobes and lateral petals almost lanceolar; lower
petal whitish ; its lateral lobes very conspicuous, oblique-
elliptical, red-spotted ; its middle lobe' minute, but
terminating a thick often dilated and blunt basal pro-
trusion ; gynostemium very short ; fruit many times
longer than broad. S. parviflorus.
CALEYA.
1757. Labellum fixed above its lower end to the stalk-like
base.
Hather tall ; leaf broad-linear, basal ; stem with one empty
bract near the middle ; flowers large, one to three, with
an additional rudimentary one, dark-purplish except the
calyx-tube ; stalklets short ; paired calyx-lobes inserted
close to the third lobe ; labial petal (labellum) roundish -
ovate, pointed, concave beneath ; gynostemium very
large ; fruit slender. C. major.
Labellum gradually narrowed into the stalk-like base.
Rather dwarf; leaf narrow-linear; stem without any empty
bract ; flowers small ; paired calyx-lobes inserted at some
distance from the third lobe and from the paired petals ;
labial petal laiiceolar-ovate, close to the paired calyx-
lobes ; fruit slender. C. Sullivani.
Victorian Plants. 405
CB.VPTOSTVZ.ZS.
1758. Labellum soon reflexed along the margin.
Rather tall ; leaves elongate- or elliptical-lanceolar, varying
occasionally to roundish-ovate, but always acute ; empty
bracts usually two or three ; flowers from three to twelve,
their stalklets very short ; floral bracts conspicuous ;
calyx -lobes and paired petals greenish ; labial petal
large, from a slightly bilobed base somewhat elliptical,
mostly dull-purplish ; its small double protuberance infra-
terminal ; gynostemium extremely short ; fruit rather
slender. C. longifolia.
PRASOPHVXiXiUBX.
1759. Usually robust and tall ... ... .. ... 1760
Usually slender and dwarf ... ... ... •» 1763
1760. Labellum almost straight, its membranous portion
narrow and but slightly surpassing the callous
portion ... ... ... ... 1761
Labellum quite bent back from the middle, its mem-
branous portion broad and far surpassing the callous
portion ... ... ... ... ... :.. 1762
1761. Paired calyx-lobes partially or much connate.
Often remarkably tall and robust ; leaf from far above the
base of the stem, occasionally abbreviated or almost
deficient; spike many-flowered, sometimes very long;
flowers comparatively large, dark-colored or yellowish- •
greenish ; paired petals broadish-lanceolar, labellum
'sessile, its membranous margin paler, slightly crisped ;
fruit hardly turgid. P. elatum.
Paired calyx-lobes quite disconnected.
Often less tall and robust ; leaf from far above the base of
the stem; spike with several or many flowers; flowers
dark-colored or greenish ; paired petals linear-lanceolar ;
labellum sessile, its membranous margin paler, flat ;
fruit somewhat oblique-turgid. P. fuscum.
1762. Paired calyx-lobes quite disconnected.
Leaf from far above the base of the stem; spike with
several or many flowers ; calyx-lobes greenish or slightly
yellowish ; paired petals rather narrow, nearly blunt,
pale ; labellum sessile, its membranous portion whitish
and crisped ; fruit somewhat oblique-turgid.
P. patens.
406 Key to the System of
Paired calyx-lobes partially or much connate.
Leaf from far above the base of the stem, sometimes rather
short ; spike with several or many flowers ; calyx-lobes
and paired petals greenish, pointed, somewhat dark-
streaked ; labellum sessile, concave at the base, its mem-
branous portion whitish and crisped ; fruit hardly turgid.
F. australe.
1763. Labellum wit.hout any ciliolation ... ... 1764
Labellum with a conspicuous ciliolation ... ... 1766
1764. Labellum gradually much pointed.
Very slender, leaf undeveloped or proceeding separately
from the flowering stem ; spike very short, with a folia-
ceous bract or rudimentary leaf near below it ; flowers
very small, dark-reddish ; paired calyx-lobes disjointed ;
labellum almost straight, reddish, slightly denticulated ;
as well as the other petals narrow-lanceolar ; fruit some-
what oblique-turgid. P. despectans.
Labellum hardly pointed or blunt ... ... ... 1765>
1765. Paired calyx-lobes bulging at the base.
Very slender ; leaf undeveloped or proceeding separately from
the flowering stem or developed at a different time ; spike
very short, .with a foliaceous bract or rather rudimentary
leaf near it below ; flowers very small, dark-purplish and
somewhat greenish ; paired calyx-lobes disjointed ; paired
petals deltoid -lanceolar ; labellum lanceolar-ovate, ex-
tremely short ; fruit somewhat turgid. P. nigricans.
Paired calyx-lobes almost flat at the base.
Quite slender ; leaf proceeding separately from the flowering
stem, but often simultaneously ; spike very short, with a
rudimentary leaf or foliaceous. bract near it ; flowers
minute, closely approximated, reddish ; paired calyx-lobes
disjointed^ as well as the paired petals and labellum
almost lanceolar ; fruit oblique-ellipsoid. P. rufum.
1766. Length of the labellum hardly double that of its
breadth.
Very slender ; leaf undeveloped or proceeding separately
from the flowering stem ; spike very short, rather distant
from the rudimentary stem-leaf ; flowers quite small,
yellowish and reddish ; paired calyx-lobes disjointed,
much longer than the paired petals ; labellum extremely
short, almost ovate, its ciliolation very minute ; fruit
oblique-ellipsoid. P. iiitricatum.
Victorian Plants.
Length of the labellum fully triple that of its breadth 1767
1767. Labellum rather dilated towards the upper end.
Very slender ; leaf undeveloped or proceeding separately from
the flowering stem ; spike very short, somewhat distant
from the rudimentary stem-leaf ; flowers quite small, dull-
reddish ; paired calyx -lobes disjointed, somewhat bulging
and then contracted at the base ; paired petals streaked ;
labellum narrow- elliptical, conspicuously fringed ; fruit
oblique-ellipsoid. . P. fimbriatum.
Labellum rather attenuated towards the upper end.
Very slender ; leaf undeveloped or proceeding separately
from the flowering stem ; spike usually few-flowered,
with a rudimentary leaf close to it ; flowers rather small ;
paired calyx-lobes somewhat pale ; petals deltoid-lanceolar,
pointed, reddish, streaked ; labellum lanceolar-elliptical,
dark -purplish, conspicuously fringed ; fruit oblique -ellip-
soid. P. Archeri.
SFIRANTHES.
1768. Flowers small, with the exception of the white
labellum red.
Lowest or lower leaves often from broad- to linear-lanceolar,
upper gradually shorter and clasping, sometimes quite
diminutive ; spike elongated, bearing numerous closely
approximated spirally uniseriate flowers, often somewhat
beset with hairlets ; bracts hardly as long as the flowers or
shorter, rarely longer ; labellum upwards dilated, crisped
and denticulated ; fruit very small, quite turgid.
S. Australia.
1769. Calyx-lobes and petals bluish or violet or almost
greyish ... ......... 1770
Calyx-lobes and petals reddish or yellowish ... ... 1774
1770. Appendages of the gynostemium bright-yellow, rough.
Bather dwarf, slender ; lower leaf linear, channelled ; upper
leaves bract-like ; flowers few or two or one, violet-blue ;
appendages of the gynostemium firm, nearly elliptical,
somewhat distant, much longer than the interjacent
terminal plate ; fruit almost ellipsoid.
T. Mackibboni.
Appendages of the gynostemium terminated each by
a tuft of hairlets ............... 1771
408 Key to the System of
1771. Lower leaf narrow ... 1772
Lower leaf broadish ... ... ... ... ... 1773
1772. Bearded appendages reaching only the height of the
hood-like entire or slightly bilobed middle summit
of the gynostemium.
Hardly or somewhat tall ; lower leaf from broadish- to
narrow-linear, channelled ; upper leaves much abbreviated ;
calyx -lobes and petals dotless ; smooth portions of the
appendages of the gynostemium shorter than the tuft of
hairlets ; fruit almost narrow-ellipsoid. T. longifolia.
Bearded appendages reaching much beyond the sharply
denticulated middle summit of the gynostemium.
Hardly or seldom tall, often rather slender ; lower leaf
channelled-linear ; upper leaves diminutive ; calyx-lobes
and petals somewhat dotted inside ; smooth portions of
the appendages of the gynostemium longer than the tuft
of hairlets ; denticulation between them irregular ; fruit
almost ellipsoid. T. ixioides.
1773. Calyx-lobes inside and petals bluish.
Quite tall, comparatively robust ; .longitudinal venules of
leaf thick and beneath prominent ; upper leaves two or
three, rather conspicuous, though very much shortened ;
flowers many in the raceme ; gynostemium nearly twice '
as long as broad, its terminal crest bright-yellow ; the .
narrow glabrous portion of the two appendages about as
long as the tuft of hairlets ; no lobes between the crested
summit and the lateral . appendages ; anther minutely
apiculate ; fruit almost ellipsoid. T. aristata.
Calyx-lobes inside and petals almost greyish.
Quite tall, comparatively robust ; longitudinal venules of
leaf thick and beneath prominent ; upper leaves two or
three, conspicuous, though much shortened ; flowers many
in the raceme, opening tardily ; petals inside somewhat
bluish ; gynostemium hardly longer than broad, the
narrow glabrous portion of the two appendages much
shorter than the tuft of hairlets ; terminal crest of the
gynostemium pale-yellowish, two semilanceolar connivent
lobes between the crested summit and the appendages;
anther conspicuously pointed ; fruit almost ellipsoid.
T. epipactoides.
Victorian Plants. 409
1774. Calyx-lobes and petals wholly reddish ... ... 1775
Calyx-lobes and petals wholly or partly yellowish ... 1776
1775. Appendages extending in height to the summit of
the gynostemium.
Slender ; lower leaf linear, channelled ; upper leaves bract-
like; flowers small, few or two or sometimes one;
appendages of the gynostemium bright-yellow, hardly
rough, separated by the slightly crested and undivided
middle-summit ; fruit almost narrow-ellipsoid.
T. carnea.
Appendages extending much beyond the summit of
the gynostemium.
Slender, rather dwarf ; lower leaf linear, channelled ; flowers
few or two or one ; gynostemium without hood or
conspicuous plate at the summit ; its two appendages
bright-yellow, crenulated, elliptic-cuneate, approximated,
overtopping the anther ; fruit almost narrow-ellipsoid.
T. Llacmillaiii.
1776. Gynostemium terminated by two purplish-dark smooth
appendages.
Slender, rather dwarf ; leaves narrow-linear, channelled ;
flowers rather large, few or two or one, yellow inside,
often somewhat reddish outside ; gynostemium without
hood or terminal plate ; it appendages ovate- or obcordate-
cuneate ; fruit almost narrow-ellipsoid.
T. antennifera.
Gynostemium terminated by two orange-yellow rough
appendages.
Slender, rather dwarf ; lower leaf narrow-linear, channelled ;
flowers rather small, two or one, yellow inside, often
somewhat reddish outside ; plate at the middle-summit
of the gynostemium shorter than the anther ; fruit almost
narrow-ellipsoid. T. flexuosa.
CALOCIIILUS.
1777. Narrowed apex of the labellum extremely short.
Hardly tall ; lower leaf elongated, broad-linear, channelled ;
upper leaves much abbreviated; bracts mostly equal in
length to the flowers or surpassing them ; flowers generally
several in the raceme, rather large ; calyx-lobes greenish ;
labellum exserted, its hair-like processes purplish or some-
what yellowish and brownish ; gynostemium lined by a
transverse callosity across the base ; anther short-pointed ;
fruit clavate-ellipsoid. C. Hobertsoni.
410 Key to the System of
BXXCROTIS.
1778. Flowers variously small, but never minute.
Hardly dwarf, very slender ; flowers light-green ; bracts
very short ; fruit quite short, obovate-ellipsoid.
M. porrifolia.
Flowers always very minute.
Very dwarf ; remarkably slender ; flowers yellowish-green,,
only through decay or exsiccation blackish ; bracts ex-
tremely short ; fruit minute.
(M. atrata.) M. minutiflora.
DIURXS.
1779. Petals lilac-colored.
Tubers thick, occasionally bilobed ; basal leaves broad-
linear, channelled, usually two ; rudimentary leaves one
to three, almost bract-like ; flowers five or less, rarely
reduced to one ; bracts conspicuous ; lower, lobes of
the calyx much longer than the labellum, greenish or
somewhat brownish ; petals spotless, narrowed into a
stalk-like base ; middle lobe of the labellum semiorbicular-
rhomboid, with two longitudinal white but purplish-
dotted narrow elevations towards the base ; lateral lobes
much shorter ; fruit slightly turgid.
(D. elongata.) D. pimctata.
Upper calyx-lobe and petals white or yellowish or
somewhat brownish... ... ... .« . ... 1780
1780. Upper calyx-lobe and petals white.
Tubers thick, occasionally lobed ; basal leaves usually two>
broad -linear, channelled ; rudimentary leaves two or three,,
bract-like ; flowers generally two or three ; bracts con-
spicuous ; lower lobes of the calyx much longer than the
labellum, greenish and somewhat brownish ; petals spot-
less, narrowed into a stalk-like base ; middle lobe of the-
labellum more than twice as long as -the lateral lobes,
often slightly pink, almost rhomboid, with two narrow
dotted elevations towards the base ; lateral lobes some-
what indented ; fruit slightly turgid. (Possibly a variety
of the former.) D. alba.
Upper calyx-lobe and petals yellowish or somewhat
purple-brownish ... ... ... ... ... 1781
Victorian Plants. 411
1781. Flowers comparatively small.
Dwarf ; basal leaves narrow-linear, usually more than two ;
flowers few or reduced to two or one ; petals yellowish,
marked with several dark spots ; lower calyx-lobes some-
what longer than the labellum, greenish or rather
brownish ; the latter with two narrow longitudinal
elevations towards the base, its middle lobe very blunt,
slightly exceeding the lateral lobes ; fruit rather slender.
D. palustris.
Flowers comparatively large ... ... ... ... 1782
1782. Middle lobe of the labellum less than twice as long
as the lateral lobes, obtuse ... ... ..." ... 1783
Middle lobe of the labellum more than twice as long
as the lateral lobes, acute ... ... ... ... 1784
1783. Upper calyx-lobe and petals confluently yellowish
and brownish.
Root-fibres tuberously thickened ; basal leaves usually two
or three, broad - linear, somewhat channelled ; upper
leaves one or two, almost bract-like ; flowers few,
occasionally reduced to two or even one; bracts con-
spicuous ; lower calyx-lobes hardly twice as long as the-
labellum ; paired petals narrowed into a short stalk-like
base, with the upper calyx-lobe and labellum rarely
turning plain-yellowish ; labellum without prominent
longitudinal narrow elevations towards the base, its
middle lobe dilated upwards ; fruit rather slender.
D. longifolia.
Upper calyx-lobe and petals yellow, all dark-spotted.
Tubers thick ; basal leaves usually two, broad-linear,
channelled ; flowers few or several ; lower calyx -lobes
about twice as long as the labellum, greenish or partly
brownish, somewhat turning across each other ; paired
petals narrowed into a stalk-like base; labellum with
two longitudinal narrow elevations towards the base ;
its middle lobe hardly longer than broad, of scarcely
double the length of the lateral lobes or even shorter;
fruit slender. D. maculata.
1784. Upper calyx-lobe and petals in part dark-blotched.
Tubers rather slender; basal leaves usually two, broad-
linear, channelled ; upper leaves generally bract-like ;
flowers six or fewer, occasionally only two ; bracts con-
spicuous ; lower calyx-lobes about twice as long as the .
412 Key to the System of
labellum, brownish-green ; upper calyx-lobe and petals
of nearly equal length, light-yellow, the spots large,
generally two on the upper calyx-lobe and labellum ;
paired petals with short stalk-like base ; middle lobe of
the labellum rather acute, without prominent longitudinal
narrow elevations towards the base, much' exceeding the
short lateral lobes ; fruit rather slender.
D. sulplrurea.
Upper calyx-lobe and petals in part minutely dotted.
Tubers thick ; basal leaves few or several, from broad- to
narrow -linear, often rather short ; upper leaves two or
three, very much abbreviated or bract-like ; flowers few or
two, seldom one, the lower on rather long stalklets ; lower
calyx-lobes greenish or somewhat brownish, little longer
than the labellum ; paired petals yellow, acute, narrowed
into a very short stalk-like base ; labellum with two
narrow prominent longitudinal elevations towards the
base, these beset with very minute hairlets ; its middle
lobe quite acute, downward dilated, very much exceeding
the minute lateral lobes ; fruit rather slender.
D. peduncnlata.
ORTHOCERAS.
1785. Paired calyx-lobes much extending beyond the other
parts of the flower.
Somewhat tall ; longest leaves at and towards the stem-
base approximated ; flowers rather distant, comparatively
large ; bracts conspicuous ; lateral lobes of the labellum
quite short ; fruit oblique-ellipsoid. O. strictum.
CORYSANTHES.
1786. Upper-calyx lobe gradually narrowed to the base.
Quite dwarf ; leaf green also underneath ; flower of con-
siderable size, purplish-dark except part of the outer side
of the upper calyx-lobe ; labellum conspicuously contracted
towards the base, slightly or shortly denticular-fringed, its
upper portion dilated, curved forward and streaked ; fruit
slender- ellipsoid. C. pruinosa,
LYFERANTHUS.
1787. Radical leaf present at the flowering time.
Somewhat dwarf, but robust, turning black in drying ; basal
leaf rather large, from ovate to orbicular-cordate, of thick
texture, sessile ; flowers large, several, few or two, largely
reddish, but to some extent colorless and transparent ;
Victorian Plants. 413
bracts very conspicuous; calyx-lobes and petals much nar-
rowed upwards ; upper calyx-lobe arched ; labellum down-
ward longitudinally inflexed, upwards recurved, fringed
and gradually narrowed ; fruit somewhat turgid.
L. nigricans.
Eadical leaf absent at the flowering time.
Quite dwarf ; basal leaf rather small, ovate -lanceolar, of thin
texture ; flowers rather small, one to three ; calyx-lobes
and petals reddish-brown and partly whitish ; labellum
almost as broad as long, slightly denticulated, truncate-
blunt ; fruit rather slender. 3j. Burnetti.
ACXANTHUS.
1788. Upper lobe of the calyx very much elongated.
Mostly dwarf and slender ; leaf sessile, somewhat pointed,
purplish underneath ; flowers except the calyx-tube dark-
or dull-purplish ; bracts very short ; calyx-lobes very
narrow, the lower many times longer than the petals ;
labellum very short, gradually pointed ; gynostemium
very narrow ; fruit slender. A. caudatus.
Upper lobe of the calyx quite short.
Dwarf and slender ; leaf sessile, somewhat pointed, purplish
underneath ; flowers few or several, very small, except
the calyx-tube pale-pink ; bracts very short ; calyx-lobes
pointed, about twice as long as the petals, the upper
almost erect ; labellum narrow, acute, smooth or slightly
papillular ; gynostemium very narrow ; fruit slender.
(A. Brunonis.) A. exsertus-
CYRTOSTYX.XS.
1789. Flowers small, except the calyx-tube pale- or dull-
purplish.
Always dwarf, quite slender ; leaf sessile, shining, green
on both sides or reddish below ; bracts very small ;
calyx-lobes and petals delicately membranous, nearly of
equal length ; labellum comparatively narrow, yet broader
than the lower calyx-lobes and other petals, blunt, lined
with two dark-red elevations ; gynostemium dilated to-
wards the summit ; fruit slender. C. reniformis.
ERIOCKIZiirS.
1790. Labellum ovate -cuneate, much recurved, slightly
fringed.
Never tall, always very slender ; basal leaf from cordate- to
lanceolar-ovate ; stem-leaves none ; flowers rather small,
three or two or one ; lower lobes of the calyx very tender,
414 Key to the System of
from ovate- to narrow-lanceolar, pointed, much narrowed
towards the base, about twice as long as the petals, white
or slightly pink ; upper calyx-lobe and petals somewhat
red ; gynostemium narrow ; fruit slender.
E. autuninalis.
Labellum semiorbicular - cuneate, nearly flat, con-
spicuously fringed.
Never tall, always very slender ; basal leaf lanceolar-ovate,
not rarely accompanied by a second ; stem-leaf distant,
elliptic -lanceolar, somewhat or considerably shorter ;
flowers rather small, one or less commonly two ; lower
lobes of the calyx narrowly elliptic-lanceolar, reddish,
• about as long as the petals ; gynostemium narrow ; fruit
rather slender. Figure 113. E. finibriatus.
CALADENIA.
1791. Paired petals erect, longer than the calyx-lobes and
much narrower.
Never tall, slightly beset with hair lets ; basal leaf almost
glabrous, from broad-lanceolar to nearly ovate, usually
much shorter than the stem ; upper leaf bract-like ;
flowers one or two, the lower if present on a rather long
stalklet ; bracts conspicuous ; calyx-lobes mostly pale-
reddish ; paired petals almost linear, dark-red ; labellum
transversely striped, its glandules yellow, its middle lobe
upwards much narrowed and recurved ; fruit somewhat
turgid. C. Menziesii.
Paired petals spreading and similar to the calyx-
lobes ... 1792
1792. Calyx-lobes as well as the paired petals much
narrowed upwards and thus conspicuously elongated.
Often somewhat tall, but slender, always conspicuously
beset with soft spreading glandule -bearing hairlets ;
basal leaf from linear- to elongate-lanceolar ; stem-leaf
diminutive ; bracts conspicuous ; flowers large, one or
two, seldom more, almost white or variously reddish or
somewhat greenish or pale-yellowish, except the calyx-
tube ; labellum broad, variously fringed or denticulated
and callous-glandular, the middle lobe often more deeply
colored ; glandules variable in copiousness, arrangement,
shape and color, but mostly seriated ; gynostemium
upwards dilated; fruit somewhat turgid. "Spider-
Orchid." C. Fatersoni.
Calyx-lobes slightly narrowed upwards 1793
Victorian Plants. 415
1793. Flowers except the calyx-tube pink, whitish or
reddish- or brownish-yellow ... ... 1794
Flowers except the calyx-tube blue ... ... ... 1797
1794. Quite glabrous.
Rather tall, somewhat robust ; basal leaf much elongated,
from lanceolar- to broad-linear; stem-leaves two or three, •
diminutive, bract-like ; flowers two or oftener few or
several, nearly sessile, often reddish or brownish upwards
and yellowish towards the base ; bracts very conspicuous ;
upper lobe of the calyx narrow- or linear-lanceolar ; lower
calyx-lobes as well as the petals almost linear; labellum
arched-curved, slightly trifid, generally white towards the
base and pale-yellowish towards the summit, the lateral
lobes dark -red, its middle lobe almost semielliptical ;
glandules copious, yellow ; fruit slender.
C, snaveolens.
More or less beset with hairlets ... ... ... 1795
1795. Basal leaf elongate- or elliptic-lanceolar.
Much beset with soft hairlets ; stem-leaves one or two,
diminutive ; bracts conspicuous ; flowers, mostly two or
three, seldom more ; calyx-lobes and petals almost elliptic-
lanceolar, pink or occasionally whitish ; labellum com-
paratively short, conspicuously trifid, the middle lobe
narrow -lanceolar, glandular -notched ; glandules con-
verging in the middle of the labellum ; fruit slender.
C. latifolia.
Basal leaf broad-linear ...... ... 1796
1796. Glandules of the labellum yellow or whitish or
reddish.
Slender, usually rather dwarf ; somewhat beset with often
glandule-bearing hairlets ; stem-leaf diminutive, bract-
like ; bracts conspicuous ; flowers one to five, rather
small ; calyx -lobes and petals almost lanceolar, pink or
whitish, or outside somewhat brownish or greenish ; the
upper calyx-lobe somewhat curved inward ; labellum
slightly trifid, as well as the gynostemium transversely
streaked ; the middle lobe semilanceolar-deltoid, re-
curved, pointed, smooth or somewhat glandular, slightly
fringed ; fruit slender. C. carnea.
Glandules of the labellum purplish-black.
Slender, beset with minute glandule-bearing hairlets ; flowers
one to three, pink ; calyx-lobes and petals almost lanceolar ;
labellum deeply trifid, the middle lobe semi-lanceolar,
recurved, quite covered with glandules ; fruit slender.
(Perhaps a variety of the preceding.) C. congesta.
416 Key to the System of
1797. Glandules of the labellum mostly yellow.
Dwarf, slender, slightly beset with glandule-bearing hair-
lets ; basal leaf linear, evidently shorter than the stem ;
stem-leaf bract-like ; flower rather small, solitary ; calyx-
lobes and petals elliptic-lanceolar, outside dotted ; labellum
recurved, slightly trifid, transversely streaked ; its middle-
lobe white towards the base, yellow towards the summit;
glandules occupying almost only the longitudinal 'axis of
the labellum ; fruit slender. C. coerulea.
1797&. Glandules of the labellum mostly blue.
Dwarf, slightly beset with glandular-hairlets ; basal leaf
broad-linear, about as long as the stem ; stem-leaf diminu-
tive ; flower solitary, fragrant ; calyx-lobes and petals
nearly lanceolar-elliptical, outside dotless ; labellum re-
curved, almost entire, completely blue, denticular-fringed,
... its glandules occupying nearly the whole surface of the
labellum, their basal attenuation whitish and rough ;
fruit slender. C. deformis.
GX.OSSODXA.
1798. Labellum provided at the base with a slender shortly
bilobed appendage.
Rather tall, conspicuously beset with soft spreading hairlets ;
basal leaf from broad- to narrow-lanceolar, much shorter
than the stem ; upper leaf one, bract-like ; flowers one or
seldom two, rather large ; calyx-lobes and paired petals
elliptic-lanceolar, bluish inside, often pale outside, rarely
•quite pink -or white on both sides; lower portion of the
labellum dilated, bulging, beset with minute white hair-
lets ; upper portion bluish and gradually pointed, hardly
curved ; summit of the appendage yellow ; fruit slender.
G. major.
Labellum provided at the base with two parallel
linear somewhat club-shaped appendages.
Rather dwarf, very slender, much beset with soft spreading
hairlets ; basal leaf almost lanceolar ; upper leaf one,
bract-like ; flowers rather small, usually solitary ; calyx-
lobes and paired petals elliptic-lanceolar, bluish inside,
rather whitish outside ; . lower portion of the labellum
dilated, bulging, beset with white minute hairlets ; upper
portion bluish, deltoid, pointed; summit of the appendage
dark-purplish ; fruit slender. G. minor.
Victorian Plants. 417
CHIIiOGLOTTIS.
1799. Upper lobe of the calyx quite narrow ; labellum
broadest upward.
Slender, never tall ; leaves mostly elliptic- or elongate-
lanceolar, generally almost sessile ; flowers except the
calyx-tube and gynostemium dull-purplish ; upper calyx-
lobe somewhat dilated near or above the middle ; paired
petals lanceolate-linear, bending downward ; labellum
almost rhomboid, more narrowed towards the base, above
imperfectly beset with small glandular usually numerous
callosities, and bearing a nearly central callous depressed
appendage ; gynostemium narrow, greenish ; fruit rather
turgid. C, diphylla.
Upper lobe of the calyx quite broad ; labellum broadest
downward.
Usually dwarf, but rather stout ; leaves mostly ovate-
lanceolar and short-stalked ; flower comparatively large,
dull-purplish or greenish ; bract conspicuous ; upper lobe
of the calyx lanceolar-ovate, lower quite narrow ; paired
petals oblique -lanceolar ; labellum nearly sessile, almost
cordate-ovate, somewhat pointed, beset with small cal-
losities towards the middle and base only ; fruit rather
turgid, its stalklet sometimes very much elongated.
C. Gunnii.
PTESLOSTYLIS.
1800. Flowers two or more in the raceme or spike, excep-
tionally one ... ... ... ... ... ... 1801
Flower always one only ... ... ... ... 1806
1801. Lower and upper calyx-lobes nearly parallel ... 1802
Lower calyx-lobes divergent from the upper ... 1803
1802. Calyx-lobes acute.
Basal leaves small, few, on a shoot distinct from the flowering
stem, rhomboid-ovate ; stem-leaves two or three, almost
bract-like, distant ; bracts rather conspicuous ; flowers
small, from two to several, anteriorely often somewhat
tinged with red ; lower calyx -lobes connate to beyond the
middle, hardly reaching to the summit of the upper calyx-
lobes ; labellum glabrous, linear-elliptical, its basal ap-
pendage slightly setular ; gynostemium suddenly dilated
near the summit, and bearing two minute linear erect
segments ; fruit somewhat turgid. P. parviflora.
2 E
418 Key to the System of
Calyx-lobes obtuse.
Often dwarf ; basal leaves small, few, on a shoot distinct
from the flowering stem and usually appearing at a
different time, rhomboid-ovate ; upper leaves about four,
very small, almost bract-like, nearly lanceolar, approxi-
mated at the lower half of the stem ; flowers small, from
two to several, exceptionally one only, anteriorely often
somewhat tinged with red ; lower calyx-lobes transparent
and almost colorless, connate to near the summit ;
gynostemium suddenly dilated near the summit and
bearing two minute linear erect segments ; fruit some-
what turgid. Perhaps variety of the preceding.
P. aphylla.
1803. Basal leaves absent or early perishing ... ... 1804
Basal leaves always present ... ... ... ... 1805
1804. Upper calyx-lobe lined with narrow streaks.
Often rather tall ; stem-leaves several, from lanceolar to
broad-linear, sessile, somewhat clasping, those towards
the middle of the stem the largest ; the basal leaves
stalked, much shorter and broader, but early fugacious ;
flowers rather small, several or many in the raceme or
occasionally few only ; bracts very conspicuous, the lower
leaf -like ; lower calyx-lobes connate to beyond the middle,
pendent ; labellum rough, bidenticulated or truncate-
blunt, anteriorely turgid near the base ; gynostemium
suddenly dilated upwards, somewhat fringed ; stigma
distant from the anther ; fruit ovate -ellipsoid.
F. longlfolia.
Upper calyx-lobe banded with broad streaks.
Rather robust, often dwarf ; stem -leaves several, mostly
narrow-lanceolar, sessile, somewhat clasping, those towards
the middle of the stem the largest ; bracts leaf -like ; flowers
rather large, almost axillary, somewhat reddish-banded,
few or several in the raceme, very seldom reduced to one,
provided with an extremely thin vestiture ; upper calyx-
lobe very bulging, its streaks dull-purplish ; lower calyx-
lobes connate to near the summit, pendent, brownish-red ;
labellum slightly fringed, truncate-blunt, emitting ante-
riorely from the base a semilanceolar minute appendage ;
gynostemium gradually expanded towards the middle, its
terminal appendages quadrate and downward narrowly
lobed ; fruit ovate-ellipsoid. P. vittata.
1805. Flowers usually large, the calyx-lobes pointed.
Hardly ever tall ; basal leaves from ovate- to elliptic-
laiiceolar, crowded; stem-leaves two or generally more,
Victorian Plants. 419
clasping, almost bract-like ; flowers rather large, two or
oftener few or several, somewhat brown-reddish ; lower
calyx-lobes pendent, generally transparent between the
reticular ventilation, from rather short-pointed to much
filamentous-elongated; labellum blunt, variously ciliolated
and at the anterior base turgidly swollen ; gynostemium-
appendages ciliolated, both its angles blunt or the upper
slightly pointed ; fruit somewhat turgid. P. rufa.
Flowers always small, the calyx-lobes blunt.
Dwarf; basal leaves from orbicular- to lanceolar-ovate,
rather short ; stem-leaves from few to several, approxima-
ted, clasping, almost bract-like ; flowers few or oftener
several or many in the spike ; bracts rather short ; lower
calyx-lobes connate to near the summit; labellum glabrous,
almost orbicular-ovate, its appendage anteriorely basal,
almost clubshaped, dark-green upwards ; gynostemium-
appendages truncate at the summit, blunt-lobed down-
ward ; fruit somewhat turgid. P. mutica.
1806. Lower calyx-lobes diverging from the upper.
Dwarf ; basal leaves rather short, from ovate to narrow -
lanceolar, crowded ; stem-leaves few, with exception of
the lowest almost bract-like ; flower large, its stalklet
usually much extending beyond the bract ; upper calyx-
lobe nearly straight and erect, short-pointed ; lower two
quite narrow, semi-connate ; labellum elongated, almost
filiform, long-exserted, much beset with yellow hairlets,
ending in a small purplish glabrous dilatation ; gynoste-
mium-appendages very narrowly protracted at the upper
angle ; fruit truncate-ovate. P. barbata.
Lower calyx-lobes placed across the upper .. ... 1807
1807. Basal leaves absent at flowering time ... ... 1808
Basal leaves present at flowering time ... ... 1810
1808. Labellum quite blunt.
Never tall ; stem-leaves three or four, short, narrow-lanceolar,
much pointed and clasping, the largest towards the flower ;
basal leaves roundish-ovate, only occurring in the early
stage of the plant ; flower rather large, sometimes ante-
riorely slightly reddish ; bract similar to the stem-leaves ;
calyx-lobes ending in narrow elongations, the lower from
above their junction separated by a wide sinus, extending
far across the upper ; labellum very much longer than
broad, blunt, smooth ; appendages near the summit of the
gynostemium glabrous, acute upwards, obtuse downward ;
fruit rather slender. P. obtusa.
420 Key to the System of
Labellum gradually pointed ... ... 1809
1809. Upper calyx-lobe extended into a short and but
slightly incurved elongation.
Never tall ; stem-leaves small, few, from linear- to narrow -
lanceolar, the largest towards the flower ; bracts in size
and shape quite leaf-like ; lower calyx-lobes from above
their junction separated by a rather wide sinus, hardly
surpassing the upper ; labellum pointed ; upper angle of
the gynostemium-appendages acute, lower obtuse ; fruit
rather turgid. Probably to be united with the following.
(P. alata.) P. praecox.
Upper calyx-lobe extended into a long arched-
incurved elongation.
Never tall ; stem-leaves small, few, from linear- to narrow-
lanceolar, the largest towards the flower ; bract in size and
shape quite leaf-like ; flower often large, sometimes an-
teriorely slightly reddish ; lower calyx-lobes from above
their junction separated by a rather narrow sinus, much
surpassing the upper ; labellum upwards gradually much
narrowed, at the base provided with a brush-like appen-
dage; upper angle of the gynostemium-appendages
pointed, lower blunt and ciliolated ; fruit rather slender.
F. reflexa.
1810. Labellum excised at the summit.
Dwarf and slender ; basal leaves rather small, nearly
ovate or somewhat rhomboid ; stem-leaf one only, bract-
like ; flowers comparatively small ;. bract near the calyx-
tube ; upper calyx-lobe simply acute, sui-passed by the
almost setular ends of the lower lobes ; labellum several
times longer than broad, glabrous, its basal appendage
brush-like ; upper angle of the gynostemium-appendages
much pointed ; fruit somewhat turgid. P. conciiina.
Labellum entire also at the summit ... 1811
1811. Flower quite small 1812
Flower large or of moderate size ... ... ... 1813
1812. Labellum cordate-ovate.
Dwarf, very slender ; leaves quite small, from rhomboidal-
to lanceolar-ovate, all basal or one at some distance from
the stem-base and often conformous ; all three calyx -lobes
Victorian Plants. 421
upwards almost setular; labellum very short, ovate- or
orbicular- cordate, glabrous, its basal appendage almost
brush-like ; gynostemium upwards much pointed ; fruit
slender. F. pedaloglossa.
Labellum linear-elliptical.
Dwarf; basal leaves quite small, from orbicular- to
rhomboidal-ovate ; stem-leaf one only, bract-like ; upper
calyx-lobe simply acute ; lower calyx-lobes upwards almost
setular, the wide sinus between them bearing a minute
inflexed lobule in the middle ; labellum short, blunt, its
appendage imperfectly penicillar ; upper angle of the
gynostemium-appendages pointed ; fruit rather' slender.
I*, jiana.
1813. Basal and stem-leaves of nearly equal size.
Rather tall, occasionally very much so ; basal leaves few,
large, sometimes very long, rather firm, from ovate- to
elongate -1 an ceolar ; stem-leaves one or two, nearly as
long as the others but narrower ; bract large, quite leaf-
like ; flower very large, its stalklet soon elongated ;
upper calyx-lobe short-pointed ; lower calyx-lobes almost
setularly narrowed, reaching across and somewhat beyond
the upper ; labellum glabrous, narrowly elliptical-lanceolar,
hardly pointed, its basal appendage brush-like ; append-
ages of the gynostemium minutely apiculated, glabrous ;
fruit somewhat turgid. I*. CUCUllata.
Basal leaves much larger than the stem-leaves. 1814
1814. Flower much bent downward.
Somewhat tall or comparatively dwarf; basal leaves from
lanceolar-to roundish-ovate ; stem-leaf only one, generally
near the others but much smaller or bract-like ; flower on
a long stalklet ; bract conspicuous ; upper calyx-lobe
longitudinally much curved inward, slightly pointed,
about equal in length to the two lower ; labellum narrow-
elliptical, blunt, glabrous, its basal appendage somewhat
brush-like; upper angle of the gynostemium-appendages
ending in very narrow and pointed lobules ; fruit rather
slender. P. nutans.
Flower hardly or slightly bent downward ... ... 1815
1815. Labellum much pointed.
Never tall ; basal leaves from lanceolar- to orbicular-ovate ;
stem -leaves one or two, bract-like; flower large, much
incurved from above the middle longitudinally ; upper
422 Key to the System of
calyx-lobe short-pointed from between the summit of the
adherent petals ; lower calyx-lobes upwards very narrow,
much pointed, reaching across and somewhat beyond the
upper ; labellum glabrous, gradually much narrowed up-
wards, its basal appendage brush-like ; upper angle of
the gynostemium-appendages ending in a minute pointed
lobule ; fruit rather slender. P. acuminata.
Labellum hardly pointed or quite blunt ... ... 1816
1816. Lower calyx-lobes almost or quite surpassed by the
upper, their free portion separated by a wide sinus.
Often somewhat tall ; basal leaves from lancelolar- to
orbicular-ovate ; stem -leaves one or two, bract-like ;
flower large, its stalklets soon elongated ; upper calyx-
lobe hardly pointed or somewhat blunt, about as long as
the lower or somewhat longer ; labellum linear-elliptical,
glabrous, its basal appendage brush-like ; upper lobule
of the gynostemium-appendages very narrow and acute,
the lower broadish, blunt and ciliolated ; fruit rather
slender. P. curta.
Lower calyx-lobes considerably surpassing the upper,
their free portion separated by a rather narrow sinus.
Seldom tall ; basal leaves from lanceolar- to roundish-ovate ;
stem-leaves one or two, clasping, almost bract-like ;
flower of moderate size, on a long stalklet, often ante-
riorely somewhat reddish ; upper calyx-lobes simply acute ;
lower calyx-lobes almost setular upwards ; labellum lan-
ceolar-elliptical, glabrous, its basal appendage somewhat
brush-like; both angles of the gynostemium-appendages
pointed, more acutely the upper ; fruit rather slender.
P. peduncnlata.
HYDRO CH ABIDE AE.
OTTELIA.
1817. Leaves mostly floating, very firm, from narrow-
elliptical to broad-ovate.
Leaves somewhat succulent, their venulation reticular ;
flowers rather large, but of two sizes, those with smaller
Eetals more copiously seed -bearing ; involucre and calyx
rm ; petals upwards white ; fruit nearly ovate ; seeds
ellipsoid. Figure 115. O. ovalifolia.
Victorian Plants. 423
VALLISNERIA.
1818. Leaves largely or totally submerged, somewhat trans-
parent.
Leaves broad -linear, almost blunt, with any denticulation
only at and near the summit ; sepals of the staminate
flowers minute, ovate-lanceolar, membranous ; calyx-lobes
of the pistillate flowers rather firm, lanceolar-ovate ;
stigmas sessile, cleft, subtile-papillular ; fruit thinly cylin-
drical ; seeds minute, ellipsoid. V. spiralis.
HAXiOPHXXiA.
1819. Leaves from narrow- to broad-elliptical, long-stalked.
Dwarf, submerged, creeping ; leaves basal, transparent,
entire, occasionally five times longer than broad ; primary
venules three, one carinular, two intra-marginal ; second-
ary venules subtile, costular ; anthers cordate-ovate,
almost sessile ; fruit ovate-ellipsoid, the surrounding
calyx-tube pellucid ; seeds almost globular.
(H. ovalis.) H. ovata.
EXiODEA.
1820. Leaves usually from elliptical- to linear-lanceolar,
often serrulated.
Much submerged, elongated, branched ; leaves three or four
or seldom more in the numerous whorls or some simply
opposite, of tender texture ; flowers solitary ; the stami-
nate on a short stalklet, the pistillate sessile ; stamens
and stigmas usually three ; fruit slender ; seeds few or
several, ellipsoid, but the outer membrane slightly pro-
tracted at both extremities.
(Hydrilla verticillata. ) E. verticillata.
DE AE.
SISYRINCHIUBI.
1821. Calyx-lobes and petals blue.
Often somewhat tall ; leaves long, rather rigid, broad-linear,
much pointed, mostly distichous -basal ; floral leaves
shortened ; flowers rather large, in paniculated clusters,
each lasting only one day ; bracts broad, crowded, con-
cealing the calyx-tubes ; calyx-lobes and petals almost
obovate ; stamens and pistil shorter than the petals ;
filaments almost disconnected ; fruit ellipsoid, somewhat
angular ; seeds brown. S. cyaneum.
424 Key to the System of
Calyx-lobes and petals white... ... 1822
1822. Calyx-lobes as well as the petals ovate-elliptical and
all of almost equal size.
Dwarf; leaves comparatively short, rather lax, linear, acute,
pointed, mostly distichous-basal ; flowers small, on very
thin elongated stalklets, in somewhat paniculated umbels
or fascicles ; bracts narrow ; stamens and pistil about as
long as the petals ; filaments almost disconnected ; style
shorter than the stigmas ; fruit small, nearly globular,
slightly angular ; seeds few in each fruit-cell, reddish-
brown. S. pulckellum.
Calyx-lobes from linear- to elliptic-lanceolar, con-
siderably smaller than the elliptical-obovate petals.
Rather tall ; leaves long, somewhat flaccid, broad-linear,
pointed, mostly distichous-basal ; flowers rather small, in
much paniculated umbels or fascicles ; bracts narrow ;
stamens nearly as long as the petals ; filaments connate
towards the base ; style hardly or considerably shorter
than the stigmas ; fruit globular-ovate, slightly angular ;
seeds several in each fruit-cell, reddish-brown.
S. paniculatum.
PATERSONXA.
1823. Quite glabrous ... 1824
Somewhat beset with silk-like vestiture ... ... 1825
1824. Stems abbreviated.
Usually rather dwarf ; stems leafless, hardly compressed ;
leaves rigid, greyish -green, narrow-linear, pointed, convex
on both sides, usually much exceeding the stems ; outer
bract rigid, streaked ; tube of the calyx upwards filiform,
somewhat exserted ; filaments connate towards the base ;
summit of style continuing erect ; fruit slender. Figure
114. P. glauca.
Stems elongated.
Stems somewhat compressed, leafless ; leaves firm, broad-
linear, elongated, much pointed, flat, surpassed by the
stems ; outer bract rigid, pointed, almost smooth ; tube of
the calyx very slender, enclosed ; summit of style soon
turned downward; fruit slender. P. longiscapa.
Victorian Plants. 425
1825. Stem leafless.
Stems long, blunt-edged, silky-cottony towards the summit ;
leaves elongated, linear, pointed, flat, beset with short
somewhat cottony vestiture on the edge ; outer bracts
rigid, acute, streaked, also somewhat invested ; calyx-tube
very slender, enclosed ; summit of style soon turned
downward ; fruit narrowly trigonous-ellipsoid, somewhat
beset with vestiture ; seeds numerous, dark-brown, short-
cylindrical, streaked. P. sericea.
Stem leafy below the middle.
Stem somewhat compressed; leaves in two rows, but spread-
ing, flexile, elongated, narrow -linear, flat, very imperfectly
beset with silky-cottony vestiture ; outer bract rigid,
much pointed, narrow in proportion to its length, slightly
beset with silky-cottony vestiture ; summit of style soon
turned downward ; fruit gradually attenuated at the base
and apex ; seeds numerous, rhomboid -ovate, angular, light-
brown. P. glabrata.
DXPX.A.RRHENA.
1826. Flowers large, unsymmetrical.
Comparatively tall ; stem compressed, occasionally branched;
perfect leaves mostly basal, narrow-ensate ; flowers on
conspicuous stalklets ; lobes of the calyx petaloid, from
orbicular- to cuneate-ovate, somewhat inflexed at the
margin, the upper larger and more concave ; petals about
half as long as the calyx-lobes, not rarely violet-venuled
and yellow towards the summit ; stamen disconnected ;
third filament unprovided with an anther ; fruit trigonous-
ellipsoid ; seeds brown, orbicular. D. Moraea.
AMARYLLIDEAE.
CALOSTEItfMA.
1827. Flowers pink or purplish.
Seldom tall ; bulb nearly globular ; stem leafless, rather
robust ; leaves developed later than the flowers, few,
broad-linear, of thick and somewhat succulent texture ;
flowers on conspicuous stalklets ; calyx-tube narrowed
downward, dilated again around the ovulary ; calyx -
lobes and petals cuneata-elliptical, deciduous ; connecting
membrane of the stamens ending often in denticles between
the filaments ; style capillary ; stigma undivided ; fruit
small globular. C. purpureum.
426 Key to the System of
CRINUIVI.
1828. Lobes of the calyx from cuneate- to lanceolar-elliptical,
shorter than the tube.
Tall; leaves comparatively broadish, lax; flowers the
largest in the Victorian vegetation, somewhat greenish
outside ; calyx-tube long and very slender ; stamens
nearly as long as the petals or shorter ; anthers compara-
tively short, oscillating ; style longer than the stamens,
ascending ; stigma very small, undivided ; fruit on a
short stalklet. " Murray -Lily." Figure 116.
C. flaccichim.
KVPOXIS.
1829. Beset with hairlets.
Dwarf ; vestiture of rather long soft scattered hairlets ;
bulb small ; leaves all basal, from broadish- to narrow-
linear, channelled, pointed, usually surpassing the stem ;
flowers one to five, rather small, somewhat greenish out-
side ; calyx -lobes and petals of equal length, persistent,
mostly lanceolar-elliptical ; bracts one for each flower ;
anther- cells much divergent downward ; style short;
stigmas three ; fruit nearly obovate-ellipsoid ; seeds
black. H. hygrometrica.
Quite glabrous.
Very dwarf, occasionally somewhat taller ; bulb very small,
almost globular ; leaves all basal, from broadish- to narrow-
linear, channelled, pointed, usually surpassing the stem ;
bract large or small, distant from the flower or near it ;
flower one only, from small to almost minute, somewhat
greenish outside ; calyx-lobes and petals of equal length,
from lanceolar- to narrow-elliptical, persistent ; anther-
cells throughout parallel ; style short or almost oblite-
rated ; stigmas three ; fruit from ellipsoid to almost
globular ; seeds black. H. glabella.
LILIACEAE.
SMILAX.
1830. Leaves very firm, from lanceolar- to cordate-ovate,
with usually five longitudinal venules.
Somewhat shrubby and prickly, quite glabrous ; leaves on
short stalks, of nearly equal green on both sides, some-
times assuming a slightly purplish hue, always quite
entire ; umbels mostly scattered ; flowers small, greenish
or slightly reddish, when in bud clavate-ellipsoid ; sepals
lanceolar-elliptical ; petals slightly narrower ; filaments
from twice to four times as long as the anthers ; fruit
globular, black outside ; seeds exteriorely reddish -brown,
smooth. Figure 117. S. Australis.
Victorian Plants. 427
RHXFOGONT7IK.
1831. Racemes spike-like, glabrous, undivided.
Somewhat shrubby and prickly ; leaves very firm, on jointed
short stalks almost opposite or ternately whorled or some
scattered, mostly fromlanceolar to nearly ovate, with three
or five longitudinal venules ; flowers small, fragrant,
somewhat distant ; bracts minute ; sepals and petals
nearly ovate, of almost equal length, whitish, anthers
curved-pointed; style very short, almost undivided,
slightly surpassing the stamens ; fruit globular, dark-red
outside ; seeds exteriorely brownish. R. album.
DRYIVIOFHILA.
1832. Fruit outside blue.
Never tall, branchless or scantily branched ; leaves placed
somewhat vertically, sessile, from linear to elliptical-
lanceolar, finely venular-streaked, none near the root ; the
lowest leaves or leaf-stalks scale-like shortened ; flowers
small, on conspicuous stalklets, bractless, turned somewhat
downward ; sepals and petals membranous, spreading,
white, deciduous ; styles very short ; stigmas revolute ;
fruit globular or somewhat ovate ; seeds brownish, smooth,
shining. D. cyanocarpa.
SCHEXiHAXKlKERA.
1833. Flowers often singly terminating the branches.
Dwarf, often diffuse, usually branched ; root-fibres ending
into very small tubers ; leaves of thin texture, sessile,
slightly clasping, from almost lanceolar to ovate, at the
margin somewhat crisped ; flowers on conspicuous stalks,
bractless, occasionally two together ; sepals and petals
membranous, spreading, almost lilac, nearly lanceolar-
elliptical, deciduous ; stamens short ; anthers dark-
purplish ; style longer than the stigmas ; fruit globular,
slightly three-lobed ; seeds globular, their appendage
S. undulata.
BT7RCHARDXA.
1834. Fruit sharply triangular, gradually much pointed.
Seldom tall ; stem annual, usually branchless ; leaves few,
linear, the lower on a cylindric stalk, the upper shortened
and clasping ; umbels one or rarely two or three, supported
by narrow and short bracts ; flowers rather small, occa-
sionally reduced to three or two ; sepals and petals spread-
ing, from lanceolar to almost elliptical, white or somewhat
reddish -tinged, deciduous; anthers almost horizontal,
either black-purplish or yellow ; style very short ; stigmas
acute ; fruit generally trigonous-ellipsoid, soon three-
pointed ; seeds many, small, brown. B. umbellata.
428 Key to the System of
WURnXBXSA.
1835. Sepals and petals almost or entirely disconnected.
Always dwarf and branchless; leaves two or three, filiform-
linear, but — unless the lowest excepted — towards the
clasping base dilated, the floral one sometimes bract-like
shortened ; flowers quite small, bractless, occasionally
bisexual ; sepals and petals persistent, from narrow- to
ovate-elliptical, usually white, often with a reddish tinge
and spotted across by a dark -purplish doubly glandular
line below the middle ; stamens short ; styles dis-
connected ; fruit from globular to ovate, somewhat
trigonous ; seeds many, brown, turgid-ovate or almost
globular. Figure 118. W. dioica.
ASTELIA.
1836. Stem always much exceeded by the basal leaves, often
quite abbreviated.
Bather dwarf and truly alpine, forming ample patches ;
silk-like vestiture extensive and copious ; basal leaves
from linear to elongate-lanceolar, rather crowded ; stem-
leaves only near the flowers and much shortened ; panicle
short, that of the pistillate flowers almost condensed into
a cluster ; flowers small ; sepals and petals persistent,
generally narrow-lanceolar ; style obliterated ; stigmas
very short; fruit almost ellipsoid-ovate, red outside; seeds
several, shining-black, somewhat angular. A. alpiiia.
XEROTES.
1837. Flowers in whorls or clusters ... ... ... 1838
Flowers scattered ... ... ... ... ... 1841
1838. Staminate flowers in simple whorls.
Often rather tall ; leaves flat or channelled, blunt, longer
than the stem ; panicle occasionally reduced to a raceme ;
branches of the panicle whorled ; bracts very short ;
sepals and petals equal in height ; staminate calyx very
gradually narrowed into a capillary conspicuous stalklet,
somewhat purplish outside ; pistillate calyx almost sessile ;
petals yellowish ; fruit wrinkled ; seeds trigonous-ovate.
X. Browuii.
All flowers in clusters ... ... ... ... 1839
Victorian Plants. 429
1839. Clusters of flowers in a whorled panicle.
Tall ; leaves long, tough, flat or channelled, from broad- to
narrow-linear, always excised and sometimes additionally
denticulated at the summit ; flower-stem compressed ;
panicle with occasionally simply opposite branches or
even reduced to a spike ; primary bracts narrow, often
elongated and pungent ; sepals outside towards the
summit brownish or sometimes blackish ; petals yellow ;
stamens very short ; style obliterated ; fruit ovate-
globular, smooth, pointed ; seeds trigonoiis-ellipsoid.
X. longifolia.
Clusters of flowers in a spike or headlet ... ... 1840
1840. Petals upwards bright-yellow.
Dwarf ; leaves usually short, flat or channelled, often blunt,
seldom twisted ; bracts abbreviated ; flowers quite small ;
clusters of staminate flowers arranged in a short usually
interrupted and rarely ramified spike ; clusters of pistil-
late flowers singly solitary ; sepals and petals very small,
blunt, somewhat succulent, equal in height, the sepals
also yellow but sometimes purplish outside ; stamens very
short ; fruit small, slightly wrinkled. X. glauca.
Petals upwards whitish.
Tall ; leaves usually much elongated ; clusters of flowers
very dense, two or more separately superposed or some-
times singly solitary or occasionally forming a cylindric
uninterrupted spike ; bracts breaking up into capillary
fringes ; sepals and petals membranous, the latter slightly
yellowish, downward connate into a tube, the sepals
pellucid and but faintly colored ; fruit smooth ; seed
trigonous-ovate. X. lencocephala.
1841. Flowers comparatively large.
Almost prostrate ; leaves long, linear, channelled, excised
and sometimes additionally denticulated at the summit;
flowers in an almost sessile spreading panicle, fragrant,
singly dispersed or less frequently two or three together ;
stalklets mostly very conspicuous ; sepals and petals
transparent, upward gradually much pointed; stamens
very much shorter ; fruit longitudinally somewhat
streaked ; seeds trigonous-ovate, brownish outside.
X. effusa.
Flowers minute ... 1842
430 Key to the System of
1842. Petals dark-colored.
Leaves narrow- or channelled-filiform, streaked beneath ;
flowering stem slender and often short ; flowers in a
panicle or in a somewhat branched raceme ; bracts all
very small; fruit quite small, depressed-globular, smooth.
X. micrantha.
Petals yellow.
Leaves very narrow, channelled or nearly flat, seldom
somewhat filiform ; flowering stem slender and often
short ; flowers in a panicle or in a somewhat branched
raceme ; stalklets usually conspicuous, recurved ; sepals
membranous, blunt, shining, pale at the margin, brownish
towards the summit ; petals without lustre, slightly
succulent, nearly disconnected ; fruit generally ovate-
globular, smooth. X. Thuiibergi.
XANTHORRXXOEA.
1843. Tufty, comparatively dwarf, constantly trunkless,
the spike rather thin and always short.
Leaves rather long, often somewhat channelled, the carinular
angle very prominent ; spikes shorter than their slender
bractless stalks, generally several or many from each
plant; floral bracts from cuneate- to filiform-linear,
glabrous, enclosed ; sepals short, hard, greenish, narrow,
wider upwards ; petals quite glabrous or at the summit
slightly beset with hairlets, hardly longer than the sepals
and thinner, dilated and whitish towards the upper end ;
stamens about half exserted ; filaments white ; style
thin ; stigma undivided ; fruit somewhat exserted, short-
pointed ; seeds black outside. X. minor.
Comparatively tall, the trunk almost undeveloped or
oftener conspicuously elongated, the spike rather
thick and usually very long.
Trunk occasionally divided ; leaves very long, slightly
angular or flattened above, prominently angular beneath ;
spikes usually longer than their robust bractless stalks,
generally one only from each tuft of leaves ; sepals
hard, pointed, glabrous ; petals hardly longer than the
sepals but thinner, whitish upwards and slightly beset
with hairlets towards the summit ; stamens usually less
than half exserted ; filaments white ; fruit hardly
emerged ; seeds trigonous-ovate, black outside.
X. Aus trails.
Victorian Plants. 431
EUSTREPHUS.
1844. Flower-stalklets from the axils of leaves.
Root-fibres ending into small tubers ; leaves almost sessile,
from broad-linear to lanceolar-ovate, dull-green beneath,
without any distinct basal articulation, thus long per-
sistent ; flowers rather small, their stalklets jointed
towards or near the middle, often rather long ; sepals
and petals dull-purplish or pale-pink, deciduous ; fila-
ments wholly connate into a membranous tube ; anthers
conniving ; style filiform ; fruit rather large, almost
globular, brownish-yellow or orange-colored outside ;
seeds numerous, externally black, shining, provided with
a small appendage. E. Browiiii.
GEITONOPLESIUM.
1845. Flowers in stalked cymes or umbels.
Minutely and scantily prickly ; leaves on very short stalks,
with a basal articulation, thus readily seceding, very
shining, from broad-linear to lanceolar-ovate, their venti-
lation subtile ; cymes often paniculate ; flowers rather
small, their stalklets unjointed near the middle, often
rather short ; sepals and petals often greenish, deciduous;
filaments disconnected ; anthers conniving ; style filiform
fruit almost globular, bluish-black outside, nearly indehis-
cent ; seeds several, externally shining-black.
(Calcoacymosa.) G. Cymosum.
1846. Stem leafy along its lower portion.
Leaves long, broad-linear, nearly flat, rough at the margin
and cariiiular angle, when along the stem distichous,
when terminating branches f ascicular ; clasping leafstalks
closed ; stalklets often shorter than the flowers, the latter
somewhat pendent ; anthers very narrow, pale-yellow,
twice or three times as long as the thickened orange-
colored portion of the filament ; style filiform ; stigma
minute ; fruit nearly globular ; seeds few or several,
shining-black outside. D. coerulea.
Stem almost leafless ... ... ... ... ... 1847
1847. Leaves comparatively broad, rough at the margin.
Leaves very rigid, almost ensate, hardly recurved along
the margin, there as well as on the carinular angle rough ;
clasping leafstalks closed, compressed ; sepals and petals
from the down-bent flowers soon verging towards the
432 Key to the System of
stalklet ; anthers yellow, broadish, hardly as long as the
large thickened orange-colored portion of the filament or
shorter ; style filiform ; stigma minute ; fruit rather
large, from globular- to cylindric-ovate ; seeds few or
several, shining-black outside. D. Tasmanica.
Leaves comparatively narrow, smooth at the margin 1848
1848. Anthers yellow.
Leaves long, nearly flat ; clasping leafstalks quite opened
towards the summit, posteriorely almost blunt ; sepals and
petals of the down-bent flowers soon verging towards the
stalklet ; anthers about twice as long as the small orange-
colored thickened portion of the filament ; style filiform ;
stigma minute ; fruit nearly globular ; seeds few or
several, shining-black outside. D. loiigifolia.
Anthers almost black.
Leaves long, very rigid, soon recurved or re volute along the
margin ; clasping leafstalks closed ; anthers three or more
times as long as the small thickened bright-yellow portion
of the filament ; style filiform ; stigma minute ; fruit
nearly globular ; seeds few or several, shining-black
outside. D. revoluta.
BUX.BZNZS.
1849. All filaments beset with hairlets.
Root bulbous-tuberous ; leaves usually rather thick, all
basal ; flowers comparatively large, fragrant ; bracts
small ; filaments from very partially to quite extensively
invested ; style filiform ; stigma minute ; fruit small,
. globular ; seeds few, black outside. B. blllbosa.
Three of the filaments quite glabrous.
Root entirely fibrous ; leaves usually rather slender, all
basal ; flowers comparatively small ; bracts very short ;
style filiform ; stigma minute ; fruit small, globular ;
seeds few, black outside. B. semibarbata.
TRICOHVNE.
1850. Stem branched.
Almost ever-flowering ; root procurrent, fibrous ; stem and
branches wiry ; leaves distantly scattered, flaccid, the
upper gradually bract-like ; umbels more than one, with
few or several flowers ; sepals and petals almost alike,
quite yellow or outside partly reddish ; style filiform ;
stigma minute ; fruitlets very small, oblique- or clavate-
ovate, one-seeded. T. elatior.
Victorian Plants. 433
Stem unbranched.
Leaves lax, grass-like ; umbel singly terminal, with many
flowers ; sepals and petals almost alike, quite yellow or
outside partly reddish ; style filiform ; stigma minute ;
fruitlets very small, one-seeded. T. simplex.
STYFANDRA.
1851. Leaves in two rows along the stem and branches.
Often tall, somewhat woody at last ; branches often
somewhat twisted ; leaf-stalks closed ; leaves numerous,
broad-linear, acute, somewhat curved, the floral leaves
much shortened ; flowers on recurved stalklets, in an
often elongated panicle ; sepals and petals acute, always
blue ; upper portion of the filaments tumid from yellow
densely approximated papillular hairlets, lower portion
glabrous ; fruit small, almost ellipsoid ; seeds several or
many, nearly ovate -ellipsoid, outside dull-black.
S. glauca.
Leaves nearly all basal.
Leaves broad-linear, their stalks opened ; floral leaves much
shortened ; flowers on straight stalklets, often umbellate -
corymbous, occasionally only two together or solitary
from their axil ; sepals and petals almost blunt, inside
blue or pale-yellowish ; filaments in their whole length
beset with yellow extremely short papillular hairlets ;
fruit somewhat ellipsoid ; seeds compressed-ellipsoid,
outside shining-black. S. caespitosa.
ARTKROFODXUM.
1852. Hairlets of stamens quite along and around the upper
part of the filaments ... ... ... ... 1853
Hairlets of stamens restricted to two short protrusions
from near the base of the anthers ... ... ... 1854
1853. Comparatively tall.
Root-fibres elongated, ending in slender tubers ; leaves
broad-linear, mostly basal ; panicle often amply branched ;
flowers rather small ; stalklets jointed towards their
upper end, soon bent downward ; bracts short ; sepals
and petals long-persistent, purplish, occasionally quite
pale or even whitish, the latter broader and somewhat
crisped, about as long as the stamens ; filaments longer
than the elliptic anthers, only towards the base glabrous ;
fruit small, globular ; seeds several, angular, black
outside. A. paniculatum.
^ P
434 Key to the System of
Comparatively dwarf.
Root-fibres abbreviated, ending in small slender tubers ;
leaves narrow -linear ; flowers quite small, in a simple or
hardly branched raceme ; sepals and petals purplish ;
filaments longer than the ovate anthers ; its hairlets
yellowish ; fruit quite small, globular ; seeds few.
(Probably a variety of the preceding. ) A. minus.
1854. Fruit-bearing stalklets almost erect.
Root-fibres ending in somewhat turgid tubers ; leaves almost
all basal ; panicle scantily branched ; flowers rather large,
fragrant ; stalklets often scattered ; bracts conspicuous ;
sepals and petals purplish, the former acute, the latter
obtuse and somewhat crisped ; stamens considerably
shorter than the sepals and petals ; anthers longer than
the filaments, almost linear, usually dark-colored ; style
filiform ; stigma minute ; fruit rather small, globular ;
seeds several, black outside. A. strictum.
Fruit-bearing stalklets reflexed.
Root-fibres ending in somewhat turgid tubers ; leaves
almost all basal ; panicle scantily branched ; flowers
rather large, fragrant ; stalklets often two or more to-
gether ; bracts conspicuous ; sepals and petals purplish,
the former acute, the latter obtuse and slightly fringy ;
stamens considerably shorter than the sepals and petals ;
anthers longer than the filaments, almost linear, usually
yellow ; style filiform ; stigma minute ; fruit rather
small, globular ; seeds several, black outside.
(A. laxum.) A. fimbriatum.
THYSANOTUS.
1855. Twining.
Dwarf ; root-fibres tuberously thickened ; stem branched ;
basal leaves few, very short, channelled, linear ; upper
leaves rudimentary or nearly obliterated ; flowers rather
small, solitary or two together ; bracts quite short ; sepals
narrow, firm, in part greenish ; petals broad, tender, mem-
branous, extensively purplish; anthers six, very slender;
style filiform ; stigma minute ; fruit quite small,
trigonous-globular ; seeds few, black outside.
T. Fatersoni.
Erect ... 1856
1856. Stem much branched from near the base.
Often rather tall and rigid ; root irregularly thickened, its
fibres without tubers ; basal leaves somewhat short,
linear or nearly obliterated or very fugacious ; lowest
Victorian Plants. 435
branches often flowerless ; flowers intricate-paniculated ;
bracts quite short ; sepals narrow, firm, acute, in part
greenish ; petals broad, obtuse, extensively purplish,
tender membranous ; anthers six, particularly slender
upwards ; fruit small, globular ; seeds few, black outside.
T. dichotomus.
Stem unbranched in its lower portion ... ... 1857
1857. Flowers in an interrupted seldom divided raceme.
Dwarf ; root-fibres tuberously thickened towards the outer
end ; leaves all basal, linear, abbreviated, flaccid, fugacious;
stalklets two or three together or umbellately more, often
quite short ; sepals narrow, firm, acute ; petals broad,
obtuse, tender-membranous, extensively purplish ; anthers
six, slender particularly upwards ; seeds few, black
outside. Figure 119. T. Baueri.
Flowers in a panicle.
Often rather dwarf ; root-fibres tuberously thickened towards
the outer end ; basal leaves usually elongated, flaccid,
linear, somewhat channelled ; stalklets solitary or from
two to four together ; sepals narrow, firm, acute, in part
greenish; petals extensively purplish, broad, obtuse,
tender - membranous ; anthers six, slender particularly
upwards ; fruit small, almost globular ; seeds few, black
outside. T. tuberosus.
HERFOIiIRION.
1858. Flowers almost sessile between the short rigid leaves.
Leaves linear, acute, somewhat distichous ; sepals and
petals elongated, persistent, bluish particularly inside ;
the former lanceolar-linear ; the latter almost elliptic-
linear ; anthers narrow, yellow ; style filiform, rather
long ; stigma minute ; fruit very small, globular ; seeds
several, somewhat ellipsoid. H. Novae Zelandiae.
SOWERBAEA.
1859. Sterile filaments present between the antheriferous
stamens.
Never tall ; stem branchless and bractless ; leaves almost
filiform, somewhat rigid ; umbel many-flowered ; bracts
small, but forming an involucre ; stalklets short ; flowers
rather small ; sepals slightly pointed ; petals blunt ; anthers
less than half as long as the sepals and petals ; fruit
very small, globular ; seeds slightly rough, black out-
outside. S. juncea.
436 Key to the System of
CAXiSXA.
1860. Flowers blue.
Seldom tall; tubers turgid; leaves rather broadly linear,
lax, mostly basal; flowers generally somewhat pendent,
small, irregularly compound-racemous ; stalklets two or
more together ; filaments often blue at the middle ; fruit
small, somewhat depressed ; seeds rough, black outside,
their appendage pale. C. vittata.
Flowers pale.
Tubers slender ; leaves rather narrowly linear, lax, mostly
basal ; flowers very small, in a scantily or hardly divided
raceme ; fruit quite small ; seeds black outside, their
appendage pale. C. parviflora.
CHABXAESCXXiZjA.
1861. Stem up to the inflorescence undivided.
Leaves often shorter than the stem; inflorescence occasionally
reduced to two flowers or one, rarely with numerous
flowers ; producing rather long stalklets ; sepals and petals
blunt, tender, considerably longer than the stamens ; fruit
small, upwards broader ; seeds shining-black.
C. corymbosa.
COHYNOTHECA.
1862. Ramification almost wiry and often dichotomous.
Desert-plant ; basal leaves short, linear, fugacious ; upper
leaves distant, bract-like ; flowers bending downward,
their stalklets very short ; fruitlets very small, from ovate-
to clavate-ellipsoid ; seeds shining-smooth, as well as their
appendage black. C. lateriflora.
BARTX.XNCXA.
1863. Flower-headlets on much elongated terminal stalks.
Never tall ; stem thin but rigid, branched ; leaves some-
what fasciculated, thinly filiform, pointed, shining, the
lower rather long ; leaf -stalks membranously dilated and
somewhat fringed ; headlets almost hemispherical, involu-
crated by bracts ; sepals and petals persistent, the latter
less shining and somewhat longer ; anthers roundish ;
style very short ; fruit quite small, ovate-globular, short-
pointed ; seeds several, angular, black outside.
B. gracilis.
Victorian Plants. 437
Jlower-headlets on very short stalks.
Very dwarf, hardly erect, well branched ; some scattered
fulcrating rigid root-fibres partly above the ground,
originating occasionally far up on the stem; leaves often
fascicular, quite short, trigonous-filiform, almost acicular,
often somewhat curved and rough ; stipular expansions
of the leaf -stalks fringed ; headlets very small, on generally
recurved stalks ; outer bracts blunt ; flowers occasionally
reduced to two or one ; sepals and petals transparent ;
anthers roundish, purplish-black ; fruit globular-ovate,
slightly trigonous ; seeds usually three, black outside,
without any lustre. B. sessiliflora.
CAX.ECTASXA.
1864. Branches hard, closely beset with rigid pungent leaves.
Root-fibres rigid; leaves from their clasping persistent
stalk soon spreading or remaining appressed, somewhat
trigonous, occasionally beset with minute hairlets ; flowers
sessile ; lower portion of the calyx tubular, densely beset
with appressed hairlets ; calyx-lobes and petals almost
narrow-lanceolar, somewhat elastic, outside imperfectly
invested, occasionally purplish ; filaments hardly as long
as the conniving anthers or shorter ; style capillary-
filiform ; stigma minute ; fruit glabrous, narrow -ellipsoid,
pointed, enclosed in the calyx-tube ; seeds about three
times longer than broad. C, cyanea.
A.LISIVI ACE AE.
AXiXSlKA.
1865. Fruitlets several or many, smooth.
Usually tall ; leaves large, long-stalked, from lanceolar-
to elliptic- or cordate-ovate, their primary venules five to
nine, longitudinal, their secondary venules transverse ;
flowers rather small, in paniculate whorls ; sepals rather
firm ; petals larger, very tender, often somewhat pink ;
fruitiets quite small, almost obovate, much compressed.
A. Plantago.
DAIKASONXUIK.
1866. Fruitlets normally nine.
Usually dwarf ; leaves rather small, conspicuously stalked,
from cordate-ovate to lanceolar, their primary venules
three or five, longitudinal ; their secondary venules trans-
verse ; flowers quite small, whorled in an usually short
panicle ; sepals shorter and firmer than the petals ; fruitiets
semilanceolar-deltoid. Figure 121. D. Australe.
438 Key to the System of
PHILHYDREAE.
1867. Sepals much longer than the petals.
Leaves narrow-ensate, passing gradually into their much
compressed stalks, the uppermost shortened into bracts ;
spike occasionally branched ; flowers comparatively large,
bending their bract downward ; spike somewhat inter-
rupted ; bracts exceeding the flowers, much pointed ;
sepals and petals yellow ; fruit ellipsoid ; placeiitaries fixed
to the walls of the fruit-cells ; seeds numerous, minute,
ovate-ellipsoid. P. lanuginosum.
XYRIDEAE.
XYRIS.
1868. Paired sepals hardly keeled.
Rather tall, quite slender ; leaves often somewhat twisted,
narrow - linear ; flower - headlets rather small, usually
ellipsoid-ovate ; bracts scarcely seriated, dark, but paler
towards the middle ; flowers few ; base of the petals very
narrow ; stigmas undivided ; fruit without any prominent
dissepiments ; placeiitaries very short, almost disunited ;
seeds numerous, minute, ellipsoid. Figure 122.
X. gracilis.
Paired sepals distinctly keeled.
Rather tall ; leaves long, hardly ever twisted, compressed-
filiform ; flower-headlets usually globular-ovate, their axis
elongated ; bracts dark, lax, irregularly arranged in five
rows, glabrous, soon torn at the margin, the lower empty
and gradually smaller ; petals orbicular-obovate ; stigmas
globular ; fruit bursting transversely, producing three-
imperfect dissepiments ; placentaries highly extended,
downward somewhat united ; seeds numerous, minute.
X. operculata.
TYPH^CEAS.
TYPHA.
1869. Upper spike often conspicuously separated from the
lower.
Quite tall, unbranched : leaves of soft texture, very long,
but narrow, plan-convex, blunt, without any prominent
venulation ; both spikes usually much elongated, but the
lower occasionally interrupted, the upper externally
yellowish, the other externally brown, both on the same
rhachis ; sepals and petals pappus-like ; stamens usually
three, somewhat connate ; stigma unilateral ; fruit quite-
concealed, oblique, narrowed into a stalk-like base.
T. angustifolia.
Victorian Plants.
SPARGANItrm.
1870. Inflorescence branchless or scantily branched.
Generally riparian, rather dwarf or somewhat tall ; leaves
broad-linear, keeled, the lower much elongated, the floral
leaves gradually more abbreviated ; headlets several or
many, sessile, rather distant along the flexuous upper
portion of the stem ; stamens three or more, surpassing
the sepals and petals ; anthers many times shorter than
the filaments; stigma unilateral, elliptical- or linear-
lanceolar, occasionally doubled ; fruits small, globular- or
ellipsoid -obovate, pointed by the persistent style.
S. angustifolium.
X. E M W A C E A E .
1871. Root-fibre one only ...... ... 1872
Root-fibres two or more ... ... ... ... 1873
1872. Fronds almost lanceolar, submerged.
Fronds quite small, membranous, transparent, finally
stalked, slightly serrulated towards the upper end, often
crosslike-coherent through new shoots, and occasionally
connected into extensive masses ; fruit one-seeded.
L. trisulca.
Fronds from elliptic to ovate, floating.
Fronds minute, firm, almost flat ; shoots sessile, soon de-
tached; fruit one-seeded. "Duck-weed." L. minor.
1873. Root-fibres two or few.
Fronds floating, very small, from elliptic to ovate, slightly
convex underneath ; shoots sessile, soon detached ; fruit
unknown. L. oligorrhiza.
Root-fibres several.
Fronds floating, firm, comparatively conspicuous, roundish-
ovate, somewhat convex on both sides, purplish under-
neath ; shoots sessile, soon detached ; fruit imperfectly
known, two-seeded. L. polyrrhiza.
WOX.FFXA.
1874. Fronds extremely minute, but very convex underneath.
Increasing readily by offshoots ; fronds rather solid, sonorous
when touched in masses ; anther sessile ; fruit one-seeded.
W. Michelii.
440 Key to the System of
FLUVI ALES.
TRIGZ.OCKZN.
1875. Annual 1876
Perennial ... 1877
1876. Flowers minute, with very slender pistils.
Very dwarf and thin ; leaves almost setular-linear ; lower
flowers in the spike often with three sepals and one
stamen only ; terminal flower with six stamens ; fruitlets
longitudinally adnate, very narrow, three fertile and
bidenticulate at the base. T. centrocarpa.
Flowers rather small, with comparatively thick pistils.
Rather dwarf ; leaves filiform ; lower flowers in the spike
mostly with one stamen only ; terminal flower with three
stamens ; fruitlets six, longitudinally adnate, alternately
sterile and fertile, the latter truncate and terminated by
the spreading style. T. mucronata.
1877. Somewhat tall, quite slender.
Root producing offshoots ; leaves filiform-linear ; flowers
generally numerous, with three stamens ; fruitlets six,
three sterile and three fertile, placed alternately, the
latter oblique-orbicular, dorsally streaked. T. striata.
Usually tall and robust.
Root producing tubers ; leaves very long and propor-
tionately broad, somewhat succulent, sometimes floating ;
spike quite long; flowers numerous, comparatively large ;
fruitlets usually six, all fertile, from almost orbicular to
occasionally obliquely lanceolar-ellipsoid, adnate only
towards or at the base, often somewhat twisted.
T. procera.
POTAlttOCETON.
1878. Leaves of two very distinct forms ... ... 1879
Leaves all alike or similar in form ... ... ... 1880
1879. Floating leaves firm.
Leaves all scattered and stalked ; floating leaves from
cordate- to elliptic-ovate; submerged leaves membranous,
narrow-lanceolar, quickly decaying ; stipules long-pointed ;
stalks of the spikes rather thick ; fruitlets comparatively
large, when fresh at the outer margin blunt, their style
very short. P. natans.
Victorian Plants. 441
All leaves membranous.
Leaves all scattered and short- stalked ; floating leaves from
cordate- to elliptic-ovate ; submerged leaves almost lanceo-
lar ; stipules blunt ; stalks of the spikes slender ; fruitlets
comparatively small, when fresh at the outer margin blunt,
their style obliterated. P. plaiitagineus.
1880. Leaf-stalks none or unclasping ... ... ... 1881
Leaf-stalks elongated, almost cylindrically clasping... 1885
1881. Leaves much crisped.
Branches compressed ; leaves all submerged, membranous,
transparent, from linear- to oval-elliptical, the upper
opposite ; flowers few in the spikes ; fruitlets compressed,
terminated by the conspicuous style, when fresh at the
outer margin blunt. P. crispus.
Leaves almost flat 1882
1882. Leaves distinctly stalked.
Leaves all submerged, rather large, membranous, trans-
parent, shining, from ovate- to elongate-lanceolar, pointed,
slightly serrulate ; stipules conspicuous ; stalks of the
spikes thickened upwards ; fruitlets when fresh slightly
angular at the outer margin. P. lucens.
Leaves quite sessile ... ... ... 1883
1883. Leaves from ovate- to orbicular-cordate.
Leaves all submerged, membranous, transparent, clasping
at the base, slightly rough at the margin, the upper
opposite ; stalks of the spikes hardly thickened upwards ;
fruitlets compressed, when fresh blunt at the outer
margin. P. perfoliatus.
Leaves elongate-linear ... ... ... ... 1884
1884. Leaves rounded-blunt.
Branches considerably compressed ; leaves all submerged,
scattered except the uppermost, membranous, transparent ;
their longitudinal venules three to five ; stipules obtuse ;
flowers usually several in the spike ; fruitlets curved-
attenuated at the summit, bluntly angular at the outer
margin, their style almost straight.
(P. ochreatus.) P. obtusifolius.
442 Key to the System of
Leaves sharp-pointed.
Branches strongly compressed ; leaves all submerged,
membranous, transparent, scattered except the uppermost,
their longitudinal venules five or more ; stipules acute ;
flowers usually few in the spike ; fruitlets straight-
attenuated at the summit, prominently angular at the
outer margin, their style recurved. P. acutifolius.
1885. Fruitlets conspicuously longer than broad.
Branches thread-like ; leaves all scattered, submerged,
narrow-linear, pointed ; flowers usually few and some-
what separated in the spikes ; fruitlets when dry almost
semiorbicular and then prominently biangular near the
outer margin, their style almost terminal.
F. pectinatus.
Fruitlets hardly longer than broad.
Branches thread-like ; leaves all submerged, thinly linear -
filiform ; flowers in the spikes often somewhat whorled ;
fruitlets very small, when dry almost orbicular, but
laterally truncate, blunt at the outer margin, their style
distinctly lateral. P. filiformis.
POSIDONIA.
1886. Connective of the anthers gradually pointed.
Submerged stem and branches long, in their lower portion
much beset with the fibrous remnants of decayed foliage ;
leaves firm, broad-linear, rounded-blunt, shining, their
venules numerous, subtile ; spikes approximated, jointly
stalked ; flowers quite small, few or several in each spike ;
sepals from ovate to orbicular, fixed beyond their base ;
connective much longer than the anther cells ; stigma
capillary -tuf ted ; fruitlet lanceolar - ellipsoid, oblique,
carnulent, without any stalk-like basal elongation, large-
seeded. P. Australis.
RTJPFIA.
1887. Stalk-like elongations thin, but rigidly straight, much
longer than the fruitlets.
Submerged, preferring brackish waters ; stem and branches
very slender, often elongated ; leaf -stalks clasping, some-
what turgid ; leaves rather long ; anthers almost sessile,
their lobes from ellipsoid to globular ; fruitlets turgid
towards the base, much attenuated towards the almost
pointed summit. R. maritima.
Victorian Plants. 443
ZOSTER A.
1888. Flowers provided each with a bract.
Maritime, creeping ; leaves comparatively short, narrow-
linear, truncate or excised at the upper end, with only
one conspicuous longitudinal venule ; stalk of the inflores-
cence filiform ; clasping stalk of the floral leaf rather
short ; flowers few, extremely small, both kinds alter-
nating in two rows on their membranous rhachis ; anther
narrow, one-celled ; fruits very minute, ellipsoid ; seed
dark. Z. liana.
Flowers unprovided with bracts.
Maritime, creeping ; stems compressed ; leaves broadish-
linear, comparatively long, rounded-blunt at the upper
end, with only one conspicuous longitudinal venule ;
clasping stalk of the floral leaf rather long ; flowers
many, both kinds alternating in two rows on their mem-
branous rhachis ; bracts exceptionally and then only
scantily developed ; fruits minute, ellipsoid ; seed pale.
Z. Tasmanica.
NAJAS.
1889. Leaves very narrow, minutely denticulated.
Leaves rather short, their stalks clasping, provided with
stipular appendages ; flowers minute ; style one ; stigmas,
two, capillary ; fruit very small, sessile, cylindric-ellipsoid,
its envelope bract-like. N". tenuifolia.
AX.THENXA.
1890. Flower-stalks very short.
Stem and branches threadlike-thin ; leaves rather short,
their stalk clasping, the floral leaves reduced to bracts and
almost opposite; flowers somewhat spicate, distant;
anthers almost sessile, two-celled ; styles conspicuous,
thin, as well as the stigmas solitary, the latter almost
ovate, concave ; fruitlets very small, raised on stalk-like
bases, obliquely narrow-ellipsoid. Figure 120.
(Lepilaena Preissii.) A. Preissii.
CYIKODOCEA.
1891. Leaves almost semicircularly excised at the summit.
Propagation mainly by leafy buds ; stems and branches
elongated ; leaves rather long, broad-linear, quite firm ;
flowers very small, concealed by the clasping appressed
leaf-stalks ; united filaments very thin ; fruitlets termi-
nated by the persistent style and stigmas.
C. zosterifolia.
444 Key to the System of
F AX.3MCA.E.
LIVISTONA.
1892. Leaves almost fan-like in outline and folds.
Finally very tall ; trunk quite straight ; leaves very large,
terminally crowded, long-stalked, rigid, deeply lobed, each
lobe narrow and again short-bifid, the lobules acute ;
panicle very ample, glabrous, bent downward ; flowers
unprovided with stalklets ; petals somewhat carnulent,
yellowish, longer than the stamens ; fruitlet globular,
dark-colored outside. L. Australia.
JUNCEAE.
X.UZTTX.A.
1893. Seeds provided with a basal funicular appendage.
Never tall ; leaves flat, flaccid, mainly basal, sparsely beset
with scattered long hairlets, but getting occasionally
glabrous in age ; flowers quite small, in paniculate or
umbellate or sometimes crowded clusters ; bracts short,
scarious ; sepals and petals longer than the fruit, gradually
pointed, variously brownish, often pale-margined ; fila-
ments considerably shorter than the anthers ; fruit quite
small, one-celled, its vertex blunt ; seeds basal, ovate-
globular. I., campestris.
JUNCTTS.
1894. Annual.
Dwarf, often of a rather pale or somewhat reddish hue ;
stem thin, branched, scantily leafy ; leaves narrow-linear,
channelled, pointed ; flowers scattered or two or few to-
gether, arranged in a cyme, occasionally only one on a
whole plant, mostly unprovided with stalklets, often
cleistogamous ; bracts broadish ; sepals and petals much
pointed ; stamens three or oftener six ; fruit narrow-
ellipsoid, quite blunt, three-celled, considerably shorter
than the sepals and petals, often reddish ; seeds globular-
ovate, without any appendage. (Probably immigrated.)
J. bufoiiius.
Perennial 1895
1895. Stems branchless 1896
Stems branched ... 1904
1896. Leaves flat 1897
Leaves channelled- or filiform-cylindrical ... ... 1899
Victorian Plants. 445
1897. Leaves rather rigid.
Alpine, never tall ; root producing offshoots ; stems com-
pressed ; leaves nearly all basal, somewhat sickleshaped-
linear, streaked ; flowers crowded into an usually
solitary terminal capitular cyme ; bracts short, largely
dry and colorless ; sepals more acute than the petals ;
stamens six ; fruit dark-brown, three-celled, blunt ; seeds
ellipsoid. J. falcatus.
Leaves quite flaccid ... ... ... ••• 189S
1898. Leaves broad-linear.
Never tall, simply tufted ; leaves all basal, much like
those of grasses ; flower-clusters in unequally compound
spreading terminal cymes ; sepals and petals very small,
brown; stamens three; fruit ovate-ellipsoid, three-celled,
somewhat pointed ; seeds without any appendage.
J. planifolius.
Leaves narrow-linear.
Never tall, simply tufted ; stems very slender ; leaves all
basal, much like those of grasses, but towards the summit
somewhat channelled ; flower-clusters in terminal spread-
ing cymes ; sepals more pointed than the petals ; stamens
six ; fruit rather blunt, three-celled ; seeds without any
appendage. J. caespitititis.
1899. Leaves channelled ... 1900
Leaves filiform-cylindrical ... ... ... ... 1901
1900. Flowers dispersed.
Usually dwarf ; root producing conspicuous offshoots ; stems
somewhat compressed ; leaves rigid, channelled -linear ;
the floral leaves almost bractlike -shortened ; flowers,
almost spicate, in a dichotomous cyme or small panicle,
sometimes reduced to few ; sepals and petals slightly
pointed ; stamens six ; fruit ovate-ellipsoid, three-celled,
slightly exserted ; seeds without any appendage. Figure
Flowers clustered.
Usually dwarf ; root producing hardly any offshoots ; stems
much compressed ; leaves rigid, almost semicylindric ;
flower-clusters in a slightly branched leafy cyme ; sepals
and petals much pointed ; stamens six ; fruit ovate -
ellipsoid, three-celled, shorter than the sepals and petals ;
seeds without any appendage. J. honialocaulis.
446 Key to the System of
1901. Seeds with appendages at both ends.
Tall, one or two or few basal leaves stem-like, pungent,
the others rudimentary ; main floral leaf erect, pointed,
continuing the stem, dilated at the base ; flower-clusters
in an almost terminal irregularly compound cyme ; sepals
more pointed than the petals ; stamens six ; filaments
flat ; fruit ellipsoid but pointed, three-celled, as long as
the sepals and petals. J. maritimus.
Seeds without any appendages ... 1902
1902. Flowers rather pale-colored.
Usually tall, almost leafless or some basal leaves stem-like ;
main floral leaf erect, pungent, continuing the stem ;
flowers scattered, in an irregularly compound almost
lateral cyme ; sepals and petals pointed ; stamens usually
three ; fruit obovate-ellipsoid, three-celled, about as long
as the sepals and petals. J. pallidus.
Flowers rather dark-colored .. ... ... 1903
1903. Flowers usually quite numerous.
Tall, almost leafless or some basal leaves stem-like ; main
floral leaf erect, contimiing the stem ; flowers either
scattered or much clustered in a nearly lateral irregularly
compound cyme; sepals and petals much pointed, occa-
sionally pale-colored ; stamens generally three ; style
extremely short ; fruit obovate-ellipsoid, slightly im-
pressed at the summit, shorter than the sepals and petals
or nearly as long, three-celled ; seeds ellipsoid.
J. communis.
Flowers usually rather few.
Rather tall, almost leafless or seldom few basal leaves stem-
like ; stems particularly slender ; main floral leaf con-
tinuing the stem ; flowers very small, in a nearly lateral
cyme, mostly scattered, seldom many ; sepals and petals
pointed ; stamens generally six ; fruit ovate-ellipsoid,
slightly exserted, three-celled. J. pauciflorus.
1904. Somewhat tall, with numerous clusters of many
flowers each.
Lax ; root producing offshoots ; stem compressed ; leaves
several, scattered, compressed-filiform, imperfectly jointed,
extensively hollow, placed vertically ; sepals and petals
much pointed ; flower-clusters in a terminal cyme ; stamens
usually three ; fruit almost one-celled, somewhat exserted,
narrow, angular ; seeds without any appendage.
J. prismatocarpus.
Victorian Plants. 447
Quite dwarf, with several clusters of few flowers
each.
Alpine or subalpine, dwarf ; root producing offshoots ;
leaves subulate-linear, somewhat jointed; flower- clusters
in a simple terminal cyme or reduced to three or two or
even one ; stamens usually six ; filaments longer than the
anthers ; fruit three-celled, rather longer than the sepals
and petals, gradually much attenuated towards the sum-
mit ; seeds without any appendage. J. pusillus.
EB.IOCA.ULE AE.
ERIOCAULOK.
1905. Pistillate flowers provided with sepals and petals.
Dwarf ; stems undivided ; leaves all basal, soft, short,
broad-linear, pointed, the cellules of their tissue very
conspicuous ; headlets globular ; involucrating bracts
almost ovate, quite small ; floral bracts ciliolated ; sepals
and petals beset with hairlets at the summit, there bear-
ing a glandule and often dark -colored ; stamens six ;
stigmas three ; fruit minute, three-celled ; seeds normally
three. £. Smithii.
Pistillate flowers without sepals and petals.
Quite dwarf ; stems slender, undivided ; leaves all basal,
soft, short, broad-linear, pointed, the cellules of their tissue
very conspicuous ; headlets very small, globular ; involu-
crating bracts almost lanceolar, rather dark-colored;
sepals of the staminate flowers coherent at the base ;
petals connate into a tube, glabrous, bearing a glandule
at the summit ; stamens six ; stigmas three ; fruit minute,
three-celled ; seeds normally three.
E. electrospermum.
CE A. E.
TH.ITHTTRXA.
1906. Delicate, almost transparent, often of reddish hue.
Glabrous ; often submerged ; leaves all basal, very narrowly
linear, pointed ; headlets of flowers singly terminal ;
involucral bracts often lanceolar ; flowers centrifugal-
developed ; anther ellipsoid ; style none ; stigmas capil-
lary ; fruit very minute, trigonous-ovate, usually one-
seeded, its three or occasionally two valves separating
from the narrow interstices. T. submersa.
448 Key to the System of
AFHELXA.
1907. Floral bracts narrowly membranous at the margin.
Very dwarf ; leaves often shorter than the stem ; spikelet
compressed, mostly reclining ; bracts often beset with
minute hairlets, the lowest much longer than the next
and only that one pointed ; flowers mostly unisexual,
reduced to a single stamen or single pistil, stamen besides
supported by a colorless pellucid inner bract or sepal ;
anther narrow ; stigma hardly broader than the style ;
fruit almost ellipsoid. A. gracilis.
Floral bracts broadly membranous at the margin.
Extremely dwarf; leaves almost as long as the stem; spike-
let mostly erect, much compressed, broadish, beset with
short hairlets ; the lowest bract hardly longer than the
next, all bracts pointed ; stamens and pistils each clasped
by an inner colorless sepalaceous bract and externally
supported by as many floral bracts ; stigma narrow ; fruit
almost ellipsoid. A. pumilio.
CENTROLEFIS.
1908. Glabrous ... ... 1909
Beset with hairlets 1911
1909. Spikelet very narrow.
Quite minute, somewhat rigid, sometimes of a reddish tinge,
resembling a branchless slender moss ; leaves almost setu-
lar; outer floral leaf bract-like and often somewhat
recurved in its upper portion ; spikelet containing several
or many or even very numerous flowers, only the lowest
staminate ; pistils extensively coherent or connate, each
representing a flower or regardable as component parts
of a single flower ; fruits very minute. C. polygyna.
Spikelet rather broad ... 1910
1910. Floral leaves abbreviated.
Minute ; leaves almost capillary ; floral leaves bract-like,
capillary-pointed, thus almost awned ; spikelet contain-
ing several flowers, only the lowest staminate ; stigma very
narrow, elongated ; base of fruit stalk-like. C. glabra.
Floral leaves elongated.
Stems compressed ; leaves narrow-linear, rather firm ; floral
leaves two, similar to the others but shorter, particularly
the second ; spikelet containing several or many flowers ;
Victorian Plants. 449
inner bracts few, colorless and transparent ; pistils in
two rows, somewhat coherent ; stigma elongated, hardly
broader than the style ; fruits ellipsoid, their base stalk-
like. C. aristata.
1911. Floral leaves long-pointed.
Stems very thin, rather short ; leaves extremely narrow,
forming tufts ; floral leaves two, broadish, clasping and
then suddenly filiform-narrowed ; spikelet broad ; flowers
-few or several ; inner bracts few, colorless, supporting
nearly as many stamens and pistils ; fruits generally few,
their base stalk-like. C. fascicularis.
Floral leaves short-pointed.
Stems very thin, quite short ; leaves extremely narrow,
forming tufts, much shorter than the stems ; floral leaves
two, changed into bracts, broadish, clasping, acuminated ;
spikelet broad ; flowers several or many ; inner bracts
few, colorless, supporting only partially the stamens and
pistils, often blunt and torn ; fruits usually several,
through torsion strongly connected ; ripe seeds obovate-
ellipsoid, their base stalk-like. C. strigosa,
Z.EFYRODXA.
1912. Rudimentary leaves reflexed.
Somewhat tall ; branches weak, sometimes flexuous ; leaves
very minute, occasionally deficient ; flower-fasiclesi distant
in a simple spike ; bracts pale-brownish, partly crowded,
but without any spicular arrangement ; staminate and
pistillate flowers on distinct plants ; sepals of the stami-
nate flowers shorter than the petals j style obliterated ;
fruit trigonous. L. internipta.
Rudimentary leaves erect .... ... ... ... 1913
1913. Stems distinctly branched.
Somewhat tall, often lax, sometimes quite bent down ;
branches slightly rough ; leaves very minute, their clasping
stalks often close ; bracts partly approximated, but with-
out any spicular arrangement ; flowers in small panicles ;
staminate and pistillate flowers on the same plant ; sepals
of the staminate flowers shorter than the petals, three each,
gradually much pointed, style obliterated ; fruit trigonous.
L. Tasmanica.
Stems almost branchless.
Somewhat tall ; leaves minute, appressed ; flowers in small
often contracted panicles ; staminate and pistillate flowers
on the same plant ; sepals somewhat longer than the petals,
all acute ; fruit trigonous. Ii.
2 G
450 Key to the System of
RESTXO.
1914. Stems much compressed.
Seldom tall ; stems undivided ; leaf -stalks .closely clasping,
only partly open, occasionally bearing a short leaf, some-
times along the stem undeveloped ; spikelets in a simple
panicle or raceme, rarely reduced to two or one ; floral
bracts pointed ; sepals, petals and stamens two each ;
anthers pointless ; styles disconnected ; fruit two-celled ;
seeds whitish. R. complanatus.
Stems cylindrical 1915
1915. Stems producing repeatedly divided branchlets.
Often tall and robust ; sterile branches bearing numerous
minute leaves, mostly fascicular-crowded ; spikelets very
numerous in a generally elongated panicle, from ellipsoid-
ovate to globular, of both kinds uniform ; bracts shining-
brown, fine-pointed ; sepals and petals of the staminate
flowers three, of the pistillate flowers two ; stigmas two ;
fruit very small, often only tardily opening ; seeds turgidly
ovate, colorless. R. tetraphyllus.
Stems branchless ... .. ... ... ... 1916
1916. Leaf-stalks closely clasping.
Rather tall, slender ; stem-leaves seldom developed and
then extremely small, setular, appressed ; leaf-stalks rather
short ; spikelets usually numerous, from ellipsoid-ovate to
globular, the staminate smaller; floral bracts brown,
transparent, often finely pointed ; sepals and petals of the
staminate flowers three, of the pistillate flowers two ;
stigmas two ; staminodia absent ; fruit minute, roundish,
slightly pointed. R. gracilis.
Leaf-stalks laxly clasping.
Alpine, somewhat tall ; leaf -stalks without even rudimentary
leaves ; spikelets several or few, seldom two or solitary,
racemous or spicate ; bracts deep-brown, pointed ; sepals
and petals of the staminate flowers three, of the pistillate
flowers two ; staminodia present ; style obliterated ; fruit
two-celled. R; australis.
LEPTOCARPUS.
1917. Staminate spikelets many, comparatively small.
Often tall ; stems almost greyish, seldom divided ; leaf -stalks
closely clasping, terminating in a deciduous tender mem-
brane ; leaves quite rudimentary or absent ; staminate
spikelets amply paniculate ; stamens very short ; pistillate
Victorian Plants. 451
spikelets in a quite contracted panicle or spike almost
obverse-conical ; their bracts rigid, the upper spreading ;
their sepals keeled, about as long as the petals and some-
what pink ; stigmas red, hardly longer than the style ;
fruit trigonous-ellipsoid. !L. tenax.
Staminate spikelets few, comparatively large.
Rather tall ; stems undivided, pale-green, very slender, some-
what shining ; leaf-stalks very closely clasping, terminated
by a soon seceding tender membrane ; leaves quite rudi-
mentary ; staminate spikelets almost ellipsoid, generally
bent downward, their stalks grey or whitish from a very
short vestiture ; pistillate spikelets almost spicate ; floral
bracts dark-brown, of either kinds of spikelets glabrous ;
sepals and petals minute ; stamens very short ; stigmas
hardly longer than the style ; fruit minute.
L. Brownii.
CAX.OSTROFHUS.
1918. Spikelets axillary.
Seldom tall ; branches thin ; leaves minute, setular, very
spreading ; leaf-stalks laxly clasping, at the margin densely
beset with hairlets ; spikelets all solitary and sessile, the
staminate two- to four-flowered ; sepals and petals tender-
membranous, of about equal length ; styles disconnected ;
fruit minute, about as long as the persistent sepals and
petals, brownish, without any stalklet. Figure 124.
C. lateriflorus.
Spikelets terminal.
Never tall ; branches thin, from an extremely short vestiture
grey ; leaf -stalks closely clasping ; leaves quite rudimen-
tary ; staminate spikelets quite small, laxly paniculated,
bearing several flowers ; sepals and petals three each, of
about equal length ; anthers on a very short filament,
erect ; pistillate spikelets comparatively large, solitary
or occasionally two to four together ; bracts brown,
shining, hardly pointed ; style undivided ; stigmas three ;
fruit very small, hard, longer than the sepals and petals,
provided with a short thick stalklet, pale, angular around
the middle. C. fastigiatus.
X.EFXDOBOX.US.
1919. Floral bracts hardly fringed, quite pointless or only
minutely pointed.
Never tall ; stems either straight or somewhat flexuous ;
spikelets capitular, comparatively small, occasionally
two ; sepals ciliolated ; petals three ; anthers emerging ;
style very thin ; fruit very small. L. drapetocoleus.
452 Key to the System of
ACALYCEAE HYPOGYNAE.
CYPERACEAE.
CHORXZANDRA.
1920. Stems slender, with indistinct transverse partitions.
Developed leaves stem-like ; leaf -stalks slit ; base of the
floral leaf slightly dilated ; involucral bracts dark-colored ;
the two outer floral bracts keeled, all ciliolated ; the
innermost narrow ; stamens often about twelve ; anthers
red ; stigmas two ; fruit obovate-ellipsoid, towards its
base conical, streaked. C. enodis.
Stems robust, with distinct transverse partitions.
Developed leaves stem-like; leaf -stalks broad, pale and
shining inside, soon slit to the base ; headlets usually
depressed ; base of the floral leaf broadly dilated ; involu-
cral bracts dark-colored ; floral bracts all nearly elliptical
or somewhat spatular ; stamens often about twelve ;
stigmas two or three ; fruit blackish, suddenly pointed,
longitudinally and transversely streaked.
C. cymbaria,
OREOBOLUS.
1921. Leaves exactly distichous.
Leaves short, closely set, almost straight, often rather paler
their stalks much broader and open ; spikelets very small,
solitary, axillary, on short and compressed stalks ; sepals
and petals minute, rigid, persistent ; style with its stigmas
deciduous ; fruit obovate-ellipsoid, very blunt, somewhat
trigonous. O. Pumilio.
CYATHOCHAETE.
1922. Spikelets comparatively short, few or several to each
principal floral leaf.
Rather or quite tall ; leaves long, some on the stems,
channelled, very much narrowed upwards ; panicle
elongated, slender-branched, hardly spreading ; spikelets
narrow; floral bracts brown, setular-pointed ; rudimen-
tary sepals and petals ciliolated towards the base ; stamens
and style partly exserted ; stigmas two ; fruit slender.
C. diandra.
Victorian Plants. 453
CAUSTXS.
1923. Spikelets unisexual.
Rather tall ; flowering branches slender, hardly or only
moderately curved ; spikelets rather large ; stamens
generally four ; fruit turgidly ovate, the persistent por-
tion of the style shorter. C. restiacea.
Spikelets bisexual 1924
1924. Flowering branches much curved.
Somewhat or quite tall ; branches usually fascicular, very
thin ; stem-leaves about as long as their stalk or shorter ;
spikelets slender, glabrous ; bracts pointed ; stamens
generally three ; fruit ovate-globular or ellipsoid, the
persistent portion of the style about as long.
C. flexuosa.
Flowering branches hardly curved.
Finally tall ; branches robust, unilaterally flattened or
somewhat channelled ; spikelets rather large ; bracts ex-
ternally beset with a subtle vestiture ; stamens generally
five in the pistillate flower, less in the other ; anthers
brown, pointed ; stigmas occasionally four ; fruit ellipsoid,
the thick persistent portion of the style shorter.
C. pentaudra.
GAHNIA.
1925. Leaves undeveloped.
Rather dwarf and even occasionally minute ; stems slendei,
quite straight, cylindrical ; leaf-stalks close, bearing merely
a rudimentary leaf, none or only one towards the middle
of the stem ; panicle very short, spikelike-contracted or
quite spicate ; floral bracts brownish ; stamens three ;
fruit turgidly ovate, somewhat black.
(Cladium junceum.) G. jtincea.
Leaves developed ... ... ... 1926
1926. Stems and leaves hollow, with distinct transverse
partitions.
Very tall ; leaves stem-like, robust, cylindrical, the principal
floral leaf continuing the stem ; panicle long, repeatedly
compound, spikelets scattered ; floral bracts brownish ;
stamens and stigmas three ; fruit trigonous-ovate.
(Cladium articulatum. ) G. articulata.
Stems and leaves solid, with faint or without any
transverse partitions ... ... ... ... 1927
454 Key to the System of
1927. Leaves prominent- or compressed-quadrangular.
Rather tall ; stems somewhat quadrangular ; leaves rather
long ; panicle moderately or hardly spreading ; spikelets
crowded ; floral bracts brownish, pointed, somewhat
fringed; stamens and stigmas three; fruit turgidly obovate.
(Cladium tetraquetrum). G. tetraqiietra.
Leaves flat or channelled or cylindrical ... 1928
1928. Leaves flat.
Rather dwarf ; stems much compressed ; leaves placed ver-
tically, moderately long, all basal, flat, hardly raised along
the median line ; panicle contracted ; spikelets somewhat
clustered ; floral bracts brownish, pointed ; . stamens and
stigmas three ; fruit turgidly ovate, not rarely retained by
the elongated stamens.
(Cladium schoenoides.) G. schoenoides.
Leaves channelled or cylindrical ... ... ... 1929
1929. Floral bracts blackish 1930
Floral bracts brownish ... 1934
1930. Panicle much contracted ... 1931
Panicle amply spreading ... 1932;
1931. Spikelets minute, their fruit narrow-ellipsoid.
Rather tall ; stems slender, leafy ; leaves long, channelled,
much narrowed upwards, rough, straight-pointed ; panicle
long ; spikelets scattered ; bracts much pointed ; stamens
mostly four ; stigmas three ; fruit somewhat trigonous.
(Cladium microstachyum.) G. microstachya.
Spikelets of considerable size, their fruit trigonous-
ovate.
Rather tall ; stems leafy ; leaves long, channelled or along
the margin involute, rough, straight-pointed ; spikelets
scattered, narrow ; lower bracts much pointed ; stamens
three ; anthers very narrow ; stigmas three ; fruit rather
prominently triangular.
(Cladium Radula.) G. Radula.
1932. Well-matured fruit bright-red.
Very tall, densely tufted ; stems leafy, many ; leaves very
long, channelled, rough, much narrowed and recurved at
the upper end ; panicle ample and much elongated, partly
Victorian Plants. 455
drooping ; spikelets almost scattered, turgid ; lower floral
bracts usually pointed ; stamens three or more ; fruit
turgidly ovate, shining, long retained by the elongated
stamens.
(Cladium erythrocarpum.) G. erythrocarpa.
Well-matured fruit brownish or black ... 1933
1933. Fruit brownish.
Very tall, densely tufted ; stems leafy, many ; leaves very
long, channelled, rough, much narrowed and recurved at
the upper end ; panicle ample and much elongated, partly
drooping ; spikelets almost scattered, turgid ; lower floral
bracts usually blunt ; stamens from four to six ; stigmas
three, generally bifid ; fruit turgidly ovate, long retained
by the elongated stamens.
(Cladium psittacorum. ) G. psittacoram.
Fruit shining-black.
Tall, tufted ; stems leafy, cylindrical ; leaves very long,
channelled, much narrowed upwards, rough ; panicle long ;
spikelets rather small, the ultimate somewhat clustered ;
stamens usually three ; stigmas three, undivided ; fruit
very small, turgidly ovate, long retained by the elongated
stamens.
(Cladium melanocarpum.) G. melanocarpa.
1934 Leaves filiform or compressed-cylindrical ... ... 1935
Leaves quite flat or along the margin incurved ... 1936
1935. Stems and leaves filiform, somewhat hard.
Rather tall; stems slender, cylindrical, as well as the scanty
leaves grooved on one side ; panicle rather contracted,
distantly branched ; spikelets scattered ; bracts pointed ;
stamens and stigmas three ; fruit turgidly ovate, often
shining-whitish and long retained by the elongated
stamens. (Cladium Gunnii ) G. Gunnii.
Stems and leaves compressed-cylindrical, somewhat
soft.
Rather tall ; steins cylindrical, hardly firm ; leaves mostly
basal and elongated, occasionally across-partitioned, some-
times hardly compressed ; floral leaves abbreviated ;
panicle moderately spreading or contracted, the spikelets
much clustered ; floral bracts fringed ; stamens and stigmas
three ; fruit ovate-ellipsoid.
(Cladium glomeratum. ) G. glomerata.
456 Key to the System of
1936. Clusters of spikelets scattered in the panicle, their
bracts blunt.
Very tall ; leaves very long, channelled, rather broadish-
linear, but at the upper end much narrowed, greyish-
green, rough ; panicle leafy, widely spreading, often
somewhat corymbous, partly recurved ; spikelets quite
small, in ultimate capitular clusters ; stamens mostly
two, occasionally three ; stigmas three or sometimes two
or four ; fruit hard, turgidly ovate, slightly trigonous ;
seed black outside.
(Cladium Mariscus.) G. Mariscus.
Clusters of spikelets crowded in the panicle, their
bracts pointed ... 1937
1937. Fruit narrow-ellipsoid, pale-colored.
Very tall, large-tufted; stems leafy, rigid; leaves very
long, channelled, much narrowed and recurved at the
upper end, rough ; panicle leafy, very elongated ; spike-
lets often irregularly crowded ; floral bracts pointed ; -
stamens three ; fruit elongated, slightly trigonous.
(Cladium Filum.) G. Filnm.
Fruit turgidly ovate, dark-colored.
Very tall, large-tufted ; stems leafy, rigid ; leaves very
long, channelled, much narrowed and recurved at the
upper end, rough ; panicle leafy, very elongated ; spike-
lets often interruptedly crowded into clusters ; floral
bracts much pointed ; stamens four to six ; stigmas three,
one occasionally subdivided ; fruit short.
(Cladium trifidum.) G. trifida.
XiEPXDOSFXSRBKA.
1938. Quite or rather tall ... ... ... 1939
Rather dwarf 1946
1939. Stems hollow ... ... 1940
Stems solid ... ... 1941
1940. Leaves rather blunt-edged.
Stems hardly broad, compressed, leafless, blunt-edged, as
well as the leaves of comparatively soft texture ; leaves
very long, broadly linear, somewhat turgid, smooth, the
lowest floral leaf already quite short ; spikelets in an
elongated rather contracted panicle, slightly pointed ;
rudimentary sepals and petals of only about one-third
the length of the fruit. L. longitudinale.
Victorian Plants. 457
Leaves rather sharp-edged.
Stems broad, compressed, leafless, as well as the leaves of
comparatively soft texture ; leaves extremely long, very
broadly linear, somewhat turgid, hardly rigid, smooth;
the lowest floral leaf already short ; spikelets in a very
elongated somewhat spreading panicle, slightly pointed ;
floral bracts of this and other species occasionally almost
distichous ; rudimentary sepals and petals of about one-
third the length of the fruit. (Possibly a variety of the
preceding.) L. exalt at um.
1941. Stems and leaves quite broad ... ... ... 1942
Stems and leaves rather narrow ... ... ... 1943
1942. Spikelets in a comparatively short and rather con-
tracted panicle.
Maritime ; stems leafless, sharp-edged, much compressed ;
leaves hard, almost ensate, the floral leaf already quite
short ; panicle dense ; spikelets mostly ellipsoid, pointed ;
fruit turgidly ovate. "Sword-Rush." L, gladiatum.
Spikelets in a much elongated and rather spreading
panicle.
Sylvan, very tall ; stems leafless, much compressed, sharp-
edged ; leaves very long, ensate-linear ; floral leaves much
abbreviated, passing gradually into bracts ; branches of
the panicle often turned to one side and somewhat bent
downward ; spikelets mostly ellipsoid, pointed ; fruit
globular-ovate. L. elatius.
1943. Stems almost blunt-edged.
Stems leafless, flat ; leaves elongated -linear ; spikelets never
very numerous, clustered in a contracted panicle, very
short, globular-ovate ; rudimentary sepals and petals
shorter than the fruit. L. globosum.
Stems rough- or sharp-edged ... ... ... ... 1944
1944. Rudimentary sepals simply pointed.
Stems leafless, flat or slightly convex on one side, rough-
edged ; leaves rather long, broad-linear, the lowest floral
leaf occasionally elongated ; spikelets in a contracted
rather short panicle ; rudimentary sepals and petals
always shorter than the fruit. L. viscidum.
Rudimentary sepals extending into a capillary bristlet 1945
458 Key to the System of
1945. Spikelets in an elongated much contracted panicle.
Stems leafless, quite flat or slightly convex on one side,
sharp-edged ; leaves rather long, broad-linear ; panicle
much exceeding the lowest floral leaf; spikelets closely
approximated but hardly clustered, narrow-ellipsoid,
somewhat pointed ; rudimentary sepals and petals often
longer than the fruit. L. late rale.
Spikelets in a short somewhat spreading panicle.
Stems leafless, almost flat or slightly convex on one side,
sharp-edged ; leaves rather long, broad-linear ; panicle
rather dense, often only slightly exceeding the last floral
leaf or even shorter ; spikelets narrow-ellipsoid, some-
what pointed ; rudimentary sepals and petals often
longer than the fruit. L. concavum.
1946. Leaves almost flat.
Stems leafless, very narrow, considerably compressed,
dwarfed in the alps ; leaves broad-linear ; panicle quite
short, often exceeded by the lowest floral leaf ; spikelets
small, narrow- ellipsoid, pointed, exceptionally reduced to
two. L. lineare.
Leaves nearly filiform-cylindrical or almost unde-
veloped ... ...... 1947
1947. Spikelets large, crowded into a single fascicular
cluster.
Stems leafless, filiform-cylindrical, usually grooved on one
side ; leaves similar to the stems but shorter ; floral leaves
bract-like, hardly surpassing the spikelets, dark-colored ;
fruit globular-ovate, longer than the rudimentary sepals
and petals. Figure 125. L. carphoides.
Spikelets small, arranged in a panicle ... 1948
1948. Panicle much twisted, spike-like.
Alpine ; stems leafless, very thin, compressed-cylindrical,
furrowed ; leaves somewhat angular and compressed,
slightly rough ; panicle very short, often reduced to three
or two or even one spikelet and somewhat bent down-
ward ; rudimentary sepals and petals about half as long
as the fruit. 1. tortuosnm.
Victorian Plants. 459
Panicle without much curvature, often only scantily
branched ... 1949
1949. Panicle somewhat spreading ... ... ... 1950
Panicle almost spike-like ... 1951
1950. Stems somewhat compressed.
Stems leafless, very narrow, almost semicylindrical ; leaves
very narrow, rather flat ; spikelets narrow and pointed ;
rudimentary sepals and petals shorter than the fruit.
Ii. semiteres.
Stems quite filiform.
Stems leafless, thin, without any groove ; leaves rather
elongated, rigid, somewhat compressed and channelled ;
panicle contracted ; spikelets pointed ; style twice as
long as the stigmas. L. canescens.
1951. Spikelets scattered in the spike.
Stems leafless, thinly filiform-cylindrical ; leaves much re-
duced or almost undeveloped ; spikes quite short, few
or two or often one only, the rhachis flexuous or nearly
straight ; spikelets slender, occasionally reduced to three
or even two or one ; fruit ellipsoid, much surpassing the
rudimentary sepals and petals. L. filifbmie.
Spikelets clustered in the spike.
Stems leafless, thin, nearly cylindrical, grooved on one side ;
leaves shorter, somewhat channelled, some slightly com-
pressed ; spikelets slender ; rudimentary sepals and
petals much shorter than the fruit. L.
X.EPIDOSPORA.
1952. Spikelet erect, unsupported by any floral leaf.
From dwarf to rather tall ; stems leafless, very slender ;
leaves basal, very narrow and channelled or obliterated ;
spikelet broadish, considerably compressed, much nar-
rowed upwards ; floral bracts few, dark -brown or almost
black ; rudimentary sepals and petals shorter than the
fruit, from lanceolar to ovate ; stigmas red ; fruit very
small, globular-ovate, slightly trigonous, brown outside.
L. texmissima.
460 Key to the System of
CARFHA.
1953. Spikelets almost corymbously arranged.
General appearance rather grass-like, from dwarf to rather
tall ; leaves quite narrow, shorter than the stem, all basal
except two floral leaves, nearly flat or somewhat chan-
nelled, blunt ; floral bracts few, pale-brown, somewhat
pellucid; rudimentary sepals and petals persistent, devoid
of plume-like ciliolation at the upper end ; persistent por-
tion of the style comparatively long and rigid ; fruit
trigonous-ellipsoid. C. alpina.
K.YLLINGIA.
1954. Spikelets capitular-crowded, a second flower of each
staminate only.
Never tall ; leaves similar to those of grasses, shorter than
the stems ; floral leaves generally three, unequally abbre-
viated ; spikelets very small ; the two larger bracts unequal,
venular-streaked, the carinular venule hardly prominent;
fruit nearly as long as the bract, turgidly ovate, pale
outside. K. intermedia.
CYFERUS.
1955. Annual ... 1956
Perennial ... 1957
1956. Spikelets numerous, crowded into a solitary cluster.
Dwarf ; leaves very narrow ; conspicuous floral leaves
usually three or two ; spikelets minute, flat ; floral bracts
pointed, pale-greenish ; stamen often one only ; stigmas
usually two ; fruit ovate, compressed particularly at the
inner side. C. pygmaeus.
Spikelets three or two or one only.
Often very dwarf ; leaves linear-filiform ; the longer floral leaf
erect, a shorter besides ; spikelets flat ; floral bracts blunt,
rather pale ; stamens one or two ; stigmas three ; fruit
trigonous-ellipsoid. C. tenellus.
1957. Fruit triangular 1358
Fruit triangular ... ... ... ... ... 1960
Victorian Plants. 461
1958. Floral bracts blunt, laterally very dark.
From quite dwarf to somewhat tall ; stems trigonous, very
weak ; leaves comparatively short ; spikelets flat, forming
one to five mostly or partly sessile fascicles, seldom
reduced to two or one ; floral bracts towards the carinular
venule greenish- or yellowish-brown ; stamens two ; anthers
very short ; stigmas two ; fruit roundish-obovate, com-
pressed. C. Eragrostis.
Floral bracts somewhat pointed, laterally brownish
or yellowish ... 19591
1959. Spikelets comparatively narrow.
Often rather dwarf ; leaves very narrow ; conspicuous floral
leaves two or three, of unequal length ; fascicles of spikelets
crowded into a solitary or two or few clusters, partly
umbellate, stalked ; spikelets flat ; floral bracts pale- or
dark -brown, quite narrow; stamens two; fruit com-
pressed, roundish-obovate, short in proportion to its floral
bract. C. globosus.
Spikelets comparatively broad.
Often rather tall ; leaves flat ; conspicuous floral leaves one
or two ; fascicles of spikelets partly umbellate or some-
what spicately or capitularly arranged ; spikelets flat ;
floral bracts pale-yellowish- or greenish-brown, hardly
pointed, shining ; stamens often three ; stigmas two ; fruit
much compressed, from ovate to rhomboid-orbicular, short
in proportion to its floral bract, greyish outside.
C. unioloides.
1960. Comparatively dwarf 1961
Comparatively tall ... 1965
1961. Floral bracts pointed ... 1962
Floral bracts blunt ... ... ... 1963.
1962. Fascicles of spikelets singly terminal.
Rather or quite dwarf ; stems very thin ; leaves very
narrow ; conspicuous floral leaves one to three ; spikelets
flat, quite small, one to three or few, seldom numerous ;
floral bracts greenish, lined with prominent venules ;
stamens three ; stigmas three ; fruit trigonous, broadish
upwards. C. gracilis.
462 Key to the System of
Fascicles of spikelets umbellate.
Stems weak, very thin ; basal leaves flat, few or occasionally
undeveloped ; conspicuous floral leaves lax, four or fewer ;
spikelets few in each fascicle, flat ; floral bracts slightly
distant, acute, pale, with three venules ; stigmas three ;
fruit sharply triangular, smooth. C. trinervis.
1963. Floral bracts about as long as broad, minute.
Stems slender ; leaves mostly rather short, occasionally
undeveloped ; floral leaves one to three ; spikelets very
short and narrow, densely crowded into several partly
umbellate fascicles ; floral bracts numerous, dark-brown,
nearly orbicular ; stamens one or two ; stigmas three ;
fruit sharply triangular. C. difformis.
Floral bracts longer than broad, small ... 1964
1964. Root without any tubers.
Stems slender, sometimes rather dwarf, always lax ; leaves
narrow ; conspicuous floral leaves three or four ; fascicles
of spikelets in a compound umbel ; spikelets much com-
pressed, few in each fascicle ; floral bracts laterally dark-
brown ; anthers very narrow ; stigmas three ; fruit
broadish, much shorter than its bract, pale, prominently
triangular. C. COUCiuutlS.
Root producing tubers.
Seldom tall ; leaves rather short ; conspicuous floral leaves
usually one or two ; fascicles of spikelets somewhat
spicate, forming a simple umbel or a solitary cluster ;
spikelets much compressed ; floral bracts brown, venular-
streaked ; stigmas three ; frait considerably shorter than
its bract, pointed, prominently triangular.
C. rotundas.
1965. Stems quite cylindrical.
Seldom dwarf ; stems generally numerous, tough ; basal
leaves almost undeveloped ; floral leaves rigid, often
several, rarely much elongated ; spikelets crowded into
a solitary cluster or arranged into few or several umbellate
fascicles ; floral bracts laterally dark -brown, somewhat
pointed ; stigmas three ; fruit broadish, prominently
triangular. (C. textilis.) C. vaginatus.
Stems conspicuously triangular ... ... ... 1966
Victorian Plants. 463
1966. Floral bracts moderately approximated, of conspicuous
size.
Stems robust, often very tall, rough at the edges ; leaves
much elongated, comparatively broad ; floral leaves three
or often more, also very long and broadish ; spikelets
narrow, rather long, very spreading, pointed, in rather
long often compound-umbellate spikes, or sometimes
almost in fascicles ; floral bracts blunt, deep-brown, few
or several, seldom numerous ; stigmas three ; fruit
narrowly trigonous-ellipsoid, pointed. C. lucidus.
Ploral bracts closely approximated, very small.
Stems often very tall, smooth at the edges ; leaves much
elongated, comparatively broad ; one or two of the floral
leaves particularly long ; spikelets rather short though
usually with many flowers, gathered into compound-
umbellate quite elongated spikes ; floral bracts laterally
brownish, somewhat pointed, shining ; anthers pointless ;
stigmas three ; fruit very small, rather narrow, trigonous.
C. exaltatus.
SCHOENUS.
1967. Leaves conspicuously developed ... ... ... 1968
Leaves almost undeveloped ... ... 1972
1968. Stem-leaves usually present ... ... 1969
Stem-leaves usually absent ... ... 1970
1969. Spikelets minute, only two or three together.
Quite dwarf, often pale -green ; stems very thin ; leaves
setular- or filiform-linear ; spikelets mostly axillary, each
producing only one fruit ; sepals and petals reduced to
bristlets ; fruit pale outside. S. axillaris.
Spikelets rather small, few or several together.
Stems rather thin and dwarf ; leaves narrow-linear, most of
the floral leaves much abbreviated ; fascicles of spikelets
sessile or stalked, often axillary and clustered ; floral
bracts comparatively narrow, dark- or black-brown ;
flowers usually two ; sepals and petals reduced to brist-
. lets ; anthers very short ; fruit pale outside.
8. apogon.
464 Key to the System of
1970. Very robust.
Very tall ; amply and densely tufted, finally forming quite
big and very ponderous trunks above ground ; stems com-
pressed, very long, many from each trunk ; leaves also
of great length, broad-linear, very rigid, slightly chan-
nelled, the floral leaves quite rudimentary; leaf -stalks
open, somewhat fringed ; spikelets numerous, in a large
terminal capitular cluster ; flowers two, but only one fruit-
bearing ; rudimentary sepals setular ; rudimentary petals
absent ; fruit compressed or trigonous, cuneate-obovate,
pointed. "Trunk -Rush." S. sphaerocephalus.
Very slender 1971
1971. Floral bracts light-brown, without any lustre.
Rather dwarf ; stems very thin ; leaves few, short, thinly fili-
form, sometimes channelled, occasionally obliterated, the
lowest floral leaf generally somewhat distant, one rudi-
mentary leaf occasionally near the middle of the stem ;
spikelets one to four, almost terminal, quite small, soon
somewhat turgid ; floral bracts pointed ; flowers two but
only one fruit-bearing ; sepals and petals reduced to
minute bristlets ; fruit turgid, blunt, from prominent
streaks somewhat angular. S. p auditor us.
Floral bracts black-brown, shining.
Chiefly maritime, dwarf, producing offshoots from the root ;
stems very thin ; leaves few, filiform, short, slightly
channelled ; the lowest floral leaf often well developed
and erect ; spikelets one to seven, very small, almost
lateral; floral bracts blunt; flowers two; sepals and
petals reduced to bristlets, conspicuously ciliolated to-
wards the base ; fruit shining. S. nitens.
1972. Inflorescence abbreviated ... ... .. ... 1973
Inflorescence elongated ... ... ... ... 1976
1973. Base of the style finally much enlarged.
Never tall; stem threadlike-thin, very weak; tubular
leaf-stalks as well as the floral bracts quite glabrous, the
latter dark- or black-brown ; spikelets from one to eleven,
quite short and narrow, sessile or when more than few
together somewhat paniculated ; sepals and petals absent ;
fruit ovate, terminated by the large turgid base of the
style, only one developed. S. capillaris.
Base of the style remaining unenlarged ... ... 1974
Victorian Plants. 465
1974. Floral bracts at their margin densely beset with
hairlets.
Seldom tall ; steins thin, furrowed ; clusters of spikelets
two or few, partly stalked ; spikelets small, curved and
pointed ; flowers two ; floral bracts nearly black ; rudi-
mentary sepals and petals absent ; fruit blunt, rugulous.
S. ericetorum,
Floral bracts nearly or quite glabrous ... 1975
1975. Stamens usually three.
Seldom tall ; stems slender, slightly furrowed ; spikelets
small, crowded into a solitary cluster ; flowers two ; rudi-
mentary sepals and petals absent ; fruit blunt, rugulous.
S. imberbis.
Stamens usually four to seven.
Never tall ; stems undivided, subtile -streaked ; leaves quite
rudimentary, basal and floral only ; spikelets many,
crowded into a solitary almost terminal cluster ; floral
bracts brown ; flowers two ; rudimentary sepals and
petals absent ; fruit smooth, blunt, slightly angular.
S. aphyllus.
1976. Leaf-stalks quite glabrous.
Rather tall ; stems rigid ; the lowest of the rudimentary
floral leaves occasionally distant ; spikelets rather long,
somewhat clustered in a narrow panicle ; floral bracts
brown ; flowers three to five ; rudimentary sepals and
petals absent ; stamens three ; fruit pale-brownish out-
side. S. brevifolius.
Leaf-stalks at the summit beset with hairlets.
Tall ; stems straight, rigid, undivided ; tubular leaf -stalks
basal and floral only ; leaves rudimentary or obliterated ;
spikelets mostly stalked, much compressed, clustered in a
somewhat unilateral panicle ; floral bracts blunt, nearly
black ; flowers one to three ; rudimentary sepals and
petals almost or quite absent ; fruit pale outside, rugular-
rough. S. melanostachys.
SCXRPUS.
1977. Tall ... ... ... 1978
Dwarf 1982
2H
466 Key to the System of
1978. Stems triangular 1979
Stems cylindrical or somewhat compressed ... ... 1981
1979. Leaves nearly trigonous.
Shoots creeping ; stem firm ; leaves two or few, elongated,
rigid, channelled and keeled-angular ; spikelets few or
several in a lateral cluster, all sessile ; floral bracts usually
dark -brown, pointed from below the bilobed summit ;
rudimentary sepals and petals reduced to bristlets or
partly absent; apex of the anthers pointed, rough;
stigmas two or three ; fruit bi- or tri- angular, broadest
upwards. S. pungens.
Leaves nearly flat ... ... ... ... ... 1980
1980. Spikelets quite large, but hardly numerous, yellowish-
or dark-brown.
Stems leafy, often partly submerged ; leaves very long,
broad -linear, keeled, but otherwise flat ; spikelets gene-
rally in a leafy somewhat compound terminal cyme ;
summit of the floral bracts receding from the terminal
point ; rudimentary sepals and petals reduced to bristlets
or partly absent ; fruit bi- or tri-angular, almost truncate
but pointed, shining. S. maritimus.
Spikelets very numerous, but hardly large, blackish-
green.
Stems leafy, very tall ; leaves broad-linear, at the margin
and keel rough, the floral leaves also much elongated ;
spikelets large, dispersed or oftener clustered in a com-
pound leafy cyme ; rudimentary sepals and petals changed
into much elongated capillary bristlets, variously curved
and towards the upper end densely ciliolated ; fruit pale ;
plan-convex, on the outer side bluntly angular, slightly
pointed. S. poly st achy us.
1981. Stems robust, bearing a cyme of large spikelets.
Often very tall and partly submerged ; stems of soft texture,
cylindrical or very slightly compressed ; basal leaves
often undeveloped, occasionally flattened, one conspicuous
almost cylindric and pointed floral leaf continuing the
stem ; spikelets large, many-flowered, in an almost ter-
minal generally compound cyme, either dispersed or
clustered ; floral bracts brown, broad, blunt or infra-
terminally pointed ; rudimentary sepals and petals reduced
to reversedly rough bristlets or partly absent ; stigmas
two or three ; fruit bi- or tri-angular. S. lacustris.
Victorian Plants. 467
Stems slender, bearing a cluster of small spikelets.
Never very tall ; shoots creeping ; stems rather rigid, gene-
rally somewhat compressed ; leaves almost undeveloped,
but the floral one terminating the stem ; spikelets many,
in an infra-terminal cluster; floral bracts dark-brown;
rudimentary sepals and petals absent ; stigmas three ;
fruit on an elevated base, inequally triangular, shining. «
S« nodosns.
1982. Stems somewhat robust.
Tufted ; stems cylindric, lax, of soft texture, streaked, partly
somewhat prostrate ; basal leaves undeveloped, generally
a mere leaf -stalk developed also towards the middle of the
stem ; floral leaf much elongated, comparatively thick,
continuing the stem often very much beyond the inflores-
cence ; spikelets two to six together, sessile, rather long,
narrow- or cylindric -ellipsoid ; seldom a solitary flower
developed also from the inner base of the stalk of a radical
leaf ; floral bracts pointed, often pale, rather fugacious ;
rudimentary sepals and petals often absent ; stamens three
or occasionally two ; stigmas three or two ; fruit tri- or
bi-angular, blackish, transversely rugular-striate.
S. supinus.
Stems quite thin ... ... ... ... ... 1983
1983. Often creeping and floating ... ... ... ... 1984
Often simply tufted ... 1985
1984. Spikelet usually very small, few-flowered.
Shoots often elongated, very thin ; stems solitary, short and
quite thin ; leaves short, thinly linear-filiform, often only
one or two or three at each node ; floral leaf generally un-
developed ; spikelet terminal, solitary ; floral bracts faintly
streaked, blunt, usually pale ; rudimentary sepals and
petals absent ; stamens three ; stigmas two ; fruit flat,
pale, orbicular-obovate, thin-edged, slightly pointed.
S. fluitans.
Spikelet usually conspicuous, many-flowered.
Alpine ; seldom floating, but emitting elongated shoots ;
stems very short, thin, solitary ; leaves thinly linear,
never numerous from any of the nodes or for any of the
stems ; floral leaf undeveloped ; spikelet terminal, solitary;
floral bracts blunt, rather strongly streaked, greenish with
a brown tinge ; rudimentary sepals and petals absent ;
stamens three ; stigmas two ; fruit almost orbicular, flat,
rather thick-edged, pale. (Perhaps a variety of the pre-
ceding.) S. crassiusculus.
468 Key to the System of
1985. Floral leaf undeveloped.
Often very dwarf ; stems quite thin ; leaves all undeveloped ;
spikelet minute, solitary, terminal, rather many-flowered;
floral bracts blunt, without any prominent streaks ; rudi-
mentary sepals and petals absent ; stigmas two ; fruit pale,
almost orbicular. S. arenarius.
Floral leaf developed ... 1985
1986. Normally one stamen only.
Seldom floating, but often emitting elongated shoots ; stems
thin ; leaves short, very narrow, usually only one well
developed for each stem, but several or few at each node ;
the floral leaf erect, much abbreviated, yet extending
beyond the inflorescence ; spikelets quite small, several or
few in a simple or prolifically double or triple cluster, or
reduced occasionally to two or one ; floral bracts blunt,
somewhat streaked, greenish with partly brown coloration;
rudimentary sepals and petals absent ; stigmas much
oftener three than two ; fruit smooth, mostly triangular,
hardly longer than broad. S. inuiidatus.
Normally three stamens ... ... ... ... 1987
1987. Sides of the fruit longitudinally well-streaked.
Often very dwarf ; stems almost setular-thin ; leaves
capillary -narrow ; floral leaf erect, extended beyond the
inflorescence; spikelets one to three, minute, few-flowered;
rudimentary sepals and petals absent ; stigmas three ;
fruit very minute, roundish-turgid, slightly triangular.
S. setaceus.
Sides of the fruit with hardly any streaks.
1988. Floral bracts almost streakless.
Stems very thin ; basal leaves often undeveloped ; floral leaf
usually much extended beyond the inflorescence ; spikelets
one to three, very small, few-flowered ; floral bracts blunt;
rudimentary sepals and petals absent ; stigmas three ; fruit
bluntly triangular, smooth or slightly granular-rough.
S. riparius.
Floral bract prominently streaked.
Often very dwarf; stems quite thin; leaves very narrow;
the floral leaf somewhat or much extending beyond the
inflorescence ; spikelets quite small, few in a solitary
cluster, or reduced occasionally to two or one, few-flowered ;
floral bracts rather firm; rudimentary sepals and petals
absent; anthers from linear to ellipsoid; stigmas three;
fruit prominently triangular, slightly longer than broad.
S. cartilagineus.
Victorian Plants. 469
HELEOCHARIS.
1989. Stems hollow, the cavity intercepted by transverse
partitions.
Tall, somewhat submerged ; root tuber-bearing ; stems tall,
comparatively thick ; spikelet long, cylindrical ; floral
bracts numerous, blunt, often intra-marginally dark-
colored, without any prominent keel ; anthers very nar-
row ; stigmas two or three ; fruit somewhat compressed,
subtile-dotted, greyish-brown, shining.
H. sphacelata.
Stems solid 1990
1990. Stems almost capillary.
Quite dwarf, often producing offshoots ; stems quite short,
somewhat angular ; spikelet minute ; floral bracts few,
dark-brown, blunt ; rudimentary sepals and petals only
partially present ; stigmas three ; fruit extremely small,
trigonous, pale. H. acicularis.
Stems thickly filiform 1991
1991. Fruit triangular.
Producing radical offshoots ; stems rather dwarf ; spikelet
short, ovate-ellipsoid ; floral bracts mostly blunt, dis-
tinctly keeled, laterally brown ; stigmas three.
H. inulticaulis.
Fruit biangular.
Producing offshoots ; stems without any angular lines ;
spikelet ellipsoid-cylindrical, somewhat pointed ; floral
bracts dark- or black-brown, distinctly keeled ; stigmas
two ; fruit convex on both sides. H. acuta.
FXIVXBRISTYXiZS.
1992. Perennial ... 1993
Annual 1994
1993. Fruit longitudinally and transversely streaked.
Rather tall and firm ; stems somewhat angular or com-
pressed ; leaves few, quite narrow ; spikelets in a
generally compound cymous umbel, ovate-ellipsoid ; floral
bracts brown ; stamens two or one ; style flattened, cilio-
lated ; stigmas two ; fruit biconvex, whitish.
F. c omniums.
470 Key to the System of
Fruit almost smooth.
Rather tall and firm ; stems somewhat angular ; basal leaves
few, quite short ; one or two of the floral leaves some-
times rather elongated ; spikelets in a simple or somewhat
compound cymous umbel, ovate-ellipsoid, exceptionally
reduced to two or one ; stamens three ; floral bracts
brown ; style ciliolated ; stigmas two ; fruit biconvex.
P. ferruginea.
1994. Style fringed-ciliolate.
Rather dwarf and lax ; stems thinly filiform ; basal leaves
many, short, very narrow, mostly beset with minute
hairlets ; floral leaves several ; spikelets in a compound
cymous umbel, ovate-ellipsoid ; floral bracts light-brown ;
stamen one only ; stigmas two ; fruit covered with the
reflexed hairlets of the styles. P, velata.
Style nearly or quite glabrous.
Rather dwarf and lax ; leaves many, short, very narrow,
mostly beset with minute hairlets ; floral leaves several ;
spikelets quite small, in a compound cymous umbel, ovate-
ellipsoid ; floral bracts light-brown ; stamens less often
two than one ; stigmas two ; fruit transparent, digonous,
smooth. P. aestivalis.
X.IFOCARFHA.
1995. Annual, dwarf.
Leaves quite short, very narrow ; spikelets six or fewer,
generally globular ; floral bracts numerous, very narrow,
usually pale, pointed, soon fugacious ; rudimentary sepals
two, scale-like, colorless, narrow, connivent, to be re-
garded rather calycine than bracteal ; stigmas two ; fruit
linear-ellipsoid, compressed. L. inicrocephala.
CAREX.
1996. Stigmas two, fruit-coyer and fruit biangular ... 1997
Stigmas three, fruit-cover and fruit triangular ... 2006
1997. Spikelet constantly one only.
Alpine, comparatively dwarf ; stems very thin ; leaves
narrow-linear; floral leaf undeveloped; spikelet from
globular to ellipsoid-ovate ; staminate flowers few,
terminal; pistillate flowers several; floral bracts almost
ovate, brown ; fruit-cover (perigynium) lanceolar-ovate,
short-pointed, greenish but black -brown at the summit;
fruit orbicular-ovate, brownish-yellow, shining.
C. cephalotes.
Victorian Plants. 471
Spikelets few or several, seldom two, exceptionally
one 1998
Spikelets numerous .- .. .. ... ... 2004
1998. Spikelets abbreviated 1999
Spikelets elongated ... 2003
1999. Floral leaves elongated.
Comparatively dwarf ; leaves linear ; spikelets crowded
into an irregular spike or into a cluster, small, almost
ellipsoid-ovate, with the staminate flowers at the base of
each; floral bracts pointed, usually greenish, occasionally
brownish, but towards the margin pale ; fruit-cover ovate,
plan-convex, venular-streaked, ciliolated, much con-
tracted at the summit ; fruit much compressed, sessile.
C. in versa.
Floral leaves almost obliterated 2000
2000. Bracts blunt 2001
Bracts pointed ... ... ... 2002
2001. Spikelets globular-ovate.
Here alpine only ; stems often comparatively dwarf ; offshoots
short ; leaves broadish-linear, flaccid ; spikelets small, from
turgid-ovate to ellipsoid, sessile, either somewhat distant
or irregularly crowded into a single spike, with the
staminate flowers at the base of each ; floral bracts tender,
Eale, hardly pointed ; rhacheole rudimentary, occasionally
ract-bearing, often absent; fruit-cover ovate, faintly
streaked, plan-convex, short-pointed ; fruit flattened.
C. canescens.
Spikelets narrow-ellipsoid.
Alpine, comparatively dwarf; leaves broadish-linear ; lowest
floral leaf occasionally elongated ; spikelets irregularly
crowded into a single spike, the staminate flowers particu-
larly developed only at the base of the terminal spikelets ;
floral bracts nearly black, ovate, blunt ; fruit-cover much
compressed, ovate, simply acute, pale, glabrous.
C. hypandra.
472 Key to the System of
2002. Spikelets finally about as long as broad, with upwards
much attenuated fruit-covers.
Here alpine only, comparatively dwarf; leaves broadish-
linear, the floral leaves undeveloped ; spikelets small,
always few only, somewhat distant or irregularly
crowded into a single spike, with the staminate flowers
at the base of each ; bracts somewhat pointed, pale-
greenish or rather brownish ; fruit- covers very spreading,
lanceolar-ovate, plan-convex, subtily streaked, the bi-
denticular apex rough ; stigmas two ; fruit roundish,
compressed. C. e chin at a.
Spikelets finally about doubly as long as broad, with
upwards slightly attenuated fruit-covers.
Comparatively dwarf, producing offshoots ; leaves broadish-
linear, often rather short, the floral leaves seldom well
developed ; spikelets small, irregularly crowded into a
single spike, with the staminate flowers at the summit of
each ; floral bracts oftener partly greenish than brownish,
pointed ; fruit-cover much compressed, ovate-lanceolar,
hardly pointed, ciliolated ; fruit flat. C. chlorantha.
2003. Bracts blunt.
Often comparatively tall, producing offshoots ; stems acutely
and roughly angular ; leaves elongated, broadish-linear ;
lowest floral leaf rather long ; spikelets few, distinct, erect,
sessile unless the lowest, somewhat cylindrical, the termi-
nal one and occasionally also the second entirely staminate,
the others pistillate or only at the upper end staminate ;
floral bracts almost black, often with a green mid-line ;
fruit-cover much compressed, nearly ovate, almost or quite
blunt, venular-streaked, slightly pointed.
(C. Gaudichaudiana. ) C« caespitosa.
Bracts much pointed.
Often quite tall ; stems acutely and roughly angular ; leaves
long, broad-linear, conspicuously keeled, lowest floral leaf
much elongated ; spikelets several, distinct, somewhat
bent over, elongate-cylindrical, the upper two to five en-
tirely staminate, the lowest of them occasionally ramified;
pistillate spikelets three to five, the lowest of them gene-
ally on a long very thin stalk, its lower flowers often remote;
floral bracts quite narrow, almost black, pointed ; fruit-
cover orbicular- or ellipsoid-ovate, brownish or greenish,
slightly compressed, suddenly contracted at the summit,
faintly venular-streaked; fruit orbicular-ovate, yellowish,
smooth, shining. C. acnta.
Victorian Plants. 473
2004. Stems cylindrical.
Comparatively tall, light- or greyish-green, of rather soft
texture; stems smooth, somewhat hollow; leaves linear,
almost smooth, channelled -folded ; floral leaves un-
developed; spikelets very small, ovate, crowded into a
spike-like panicle ; floral bracts pointed ; fruit-cover
plan-convex, ovate-roundish, venular-streaked, suddenly
contracted into the short apex, slightly ciliolated.
C. tereticaulis.
Stems triangular 2005
2005. Fruit-cover ciliolar-rough, upwards suddenly con-
tracted.
Often very tall and robust; leaves much elongated, broad-
linear ; floral leaves never well developed ; spikelets very
small, mostly ellipsoid -ovate and slightly pointed, crowded
into an often very long and contracted panicle, with the
staminate flowers at the summit of each; floral bracts
often dull-brownish, ovate, slightly pointed; fruit-cover
ovate, much compressed, venular-streaked.
C. panicnlata.
Fruit-cover glabrous, upwards gradually contracted.
Comparatively tall ; leaves very long, broadish-linear, rough
at the edges ; floral leaves undeveloped ; spikelets very
small, crowded into a rather long very contracted panicle,
with the staminate flowers at the summit of each; floral
bracts tender-membranous, quite pale ; fruit-cover slender,
glabrous, venular-streaked, slightly compressed.
C. declinata.
2006. Spikelet one only.
Alpine, quite dwarf; stems very thin; leaves threadlike-
linear; lowest floral leaf short, erect, almost continuing
the stem ; spikelet minute, with only two or few flowers;
floral bracts much pointed; fruit-cover upwards very
slender ; rhacheole minute, setular ; fruit trigonous-
ellipsoid, pointed. C. acicularis.
Spikelets few or several ... ... ... ... 2007
2007. Spikelets all sessile, unless the lowest 2008
Spikelets mostly or all conspicuously stalked ... 2012
474 Key to the System of
2008. Terminal spikelet only staminate towards the base.
Alpine, hardly tall ; leaves broadish-linear ; edges of the
leaf -stalks fibrous-reticularly held together; lowest floral
leaf rather conspicuous ; spikelets few, distinct but
approximated, almost ellipsoid or short- cylindrical, sessile
or the lowest slightly stalked, the terminal one broader,
with pistillate flowers from below the middle to the sum-
mit, the other spikelets entirely pistillate; floral bracts
very small, much pointed, dark-brown with green mid-
line ; fruit-cover greenish, trigonous-ellipsoid, blunt,
venular-streaked ; fruit trigonous-obovate, dotted.
C. Buxbaumii,
Terminal spikelet entirely staminate ... .«. 2009
2009. Contracted apex of the fruit-cover quite short.
Rather tall ; stems slender ; leaves broadish-linear, the
floral leaves elongated ; spikelets few, distinct but mostly
approximated, rather short, the terminal one entirely
staminate, the others pistillate, the lowest often stalked
and sometimes distant ; floral bracts narrow, finely
pointed, to some extent colorless ; fruit-cover dark-
colored, strongly streaked, ovate-globular, bidenticular-
pointed. C. Brownii.
Contracted apex of the fruit-cover rather long ... 2010
2010. Fruit-cover of thick texture.
Widely creeping, rather dwarf ; stems faintly angular ;
leaves rather long, broad-linear, much pointed ; the
floral leaves also elongated ; spikelets few or several,
distinct, the two or three upper approximated, slender
and entirely staminate ; the lower spikelets stout, mostly
ovate-cylindrical, almost entirely pistillate, somewhat re-
mote ; floral bracts dark- colored but pale towards the
margin, pointed ; fruit-cover comparatively large, ovate-
ellipsoid, narrowed into a conspicuously bidenticular
apex ; fruit dark-brown. C> pumila.
Fruit-cover of thin texture ... ... ... ... 2011
2011. Fruit-cover usually beset with very minute hairlets.
Often dwarf ; leaves broadish-linear ; principal floral leaves
generally elongated ; spikelets few or occasionally two,
distinct, short-cylindrical, the terminal one more slender
and entirely staminate, the others pistillate or staminate
at and towards their upper end ; floral bracts mostly fine-
pointed ; fruit-cover trigonous-ovate, attenuated towards
the summit, venular-streaked. C. breviculniis.
Victorian Plants. 475-
Fruit-cover always glabrous.
Rather tall ; leaves broadish-linear ; floral leaves elongated ;
spikelets few, distant, rather long, nearly cylindrical, the
terminal one entirely staminate and sometimes accessorily
doubled or tripled, the others pistillate ; floral bracts
pointed ; fruit -cover turgid, attenuated into a rather long
apex. C. Guuniaua.
2012. Spikelets more than one from most of the axils.
Tall ; leaves very long, broad-linear ; floral leaves also much
elongated, their stalks closely cylindrical ; spikelets
' usually many even to the number of twenty, much elon-
gated, slender, the majority long-stalked and thus some-
what pendent, the few upper staminate, the others largely
or some completely pistillate and often from two to five
together ; bracts pale yellowish-brown or to some extent
colorless, suddenly pointed ; fruit-cover rather long,
trigonous- ellipsoid, streaked, much attenuated into the
bidenticular summit and also constricted towards the
base, rough along the angles. C. long'ifolia.
Spikelets all single, and from distinct axils 2013
2013. Bracts of the pistillate flowers gradually pointed.
Tall ; stems robust ; leaves long, broad-linear ; floral leaves
also much elongated ; spikelets several, distant, almost
erect, rather slender, the lowest often particularly long,
one to three of the upper entirely staminate, the others
pistillate ; fruit-cover comparatively long, greenish,
smooth, few-streaked, trigonous-ovate, much attenuated
towards the bidenticular summit. C. alsophila.
Bracts of the pistillate flowers setular-pointed.
Often very tall ; stems robust, rough along the angle ; leaves
very long, broad-linear ; floral leaves also much elongated,
all rough at the edges ; spikelets few or several, distant,
mostly very long, cylindrical, the terminal one staminate,
the others pistillate, on long almost capillary stalks and
thus bending downward ; bracts proportionately small,
particularly narrow, long- and rough-pointed ; fruit-cover
very spreading, greenish, trigonous-ellipsoid, closely
streaked, pungently attenuated towards the bifid summit,
constricted at the base. C. Fseuclo-Cyperus.
476 Key to the System of
ITNCINIA.
2014. Slender.
Sylvan, rather dwarf; steins very thin; leaves flaccid,
narrow-linear, scattered along the lower portion of the
stem ; spikelets comparatively short, never turgid, gene-
rally unsupported by any conspicuous floral leaf ; staminate
flowers few, terminal ; stamens two only ; pistillate flowers
several ; stigmas three ; floral bracts greenish, pointless ;
utricular cover of rhacheole and fruit greenish, gradually
much attenuated upwards ; fruit about twice as long as
broad. U. tenella.
Robust ... ... ...... 2015
2015. Leaves usually shorter than the stem.
Alpine ; leaves broadish-linear, somewhat rigid, chiefly
towards the base of the stem ; spikelet rather short,
many-flowered, often supported by a conspicuous floral
leaf; staminate flowers terminal; floral bracts either
greenish or brownish, oval-lanceolar ; stamens three ;
stigmas three ; utricular cover of rhacheole and fruit gra-
dually attenuated upwards ; fruit fully twice as long as
broad. U. compacta.
Leaves usually longer than the stem.
Rather tall ; leaves broad -linear, somewhat flaccid, chiefly
along the lower portion of the stem ; spikelet elongated,
very slender, generally unsupported by any conspicuous
floral leaf ; floral bracts greenish, pointless ; staminate
flowers terminal, few or several ; stamens three ; pistillate
flowers numerous ; stigmas three ; utricular cover of
rhacheole and fruit much attenuated upwards ; fruit
about three times as long as broad. U. riparia.
(Grasses).
KIEROCKX.OA.
2016. Outer bracts about as long as the inner.
Here mostly alpine or subalpine, often tall ; leaves broadish,
somewhat channelled ; membrane inside at the upper
end of the leaf -stalk conspicuous ; spikelets somewhat
crowded in an usually elongated and lax panicle ; bracts
(glumes) pellucid, the supra-basal two ciliolated and often
produced into a short setular elongation (awn) ; stamens
of the pistillate flower only two ; anthers bilobed at both
ends (like those of most other grasses) ; styles disunited.
H. redolens.
Victorian Plants. 477
Outer bracts much shorter than the inner.
Somewhat tall ; leaves rather narrow, much pointed ; spike-
lets scattered, in a comparatively short panicle ; outer
bracts often somewhat purplish, all rather firm, constantly
awnless, the inner blunt, pale -greenish and more opaque ;
stamens of the pistillate flowers only two ; styles about
as long as the stigmas. H. rariflora.
EHRHARTA.
2017. Inflorescence paniculate.
Rather tall, long enduring through the season ; leaves
upwards narrow, gradually pointed, seldom much elon-
gated ; panicle quite long, lax ; lowest bracts minute,
quite rudimentary, the next two large, but narrow and
ending in long awns, particularly so the inner, a tuft of
hairlets below their base ; the fruit-covering bract absent ;
stamens four ; styles very much shorter than the stigmas.
Figure 126. E. stipoides.
Inflorescence spicate ... ... ... ... ... 201
2018. Climbing, very intricately branched.
Often reaching a considerable height and then widely rami-
fied ; leaves narrow, rather rigid, never much elongated ;
spikelets slightly distant in the spike or all quite approxi-
mated ; bracts blunt, glabrous and awnless, the inner
gradually longer except the last ; the fruit -cover ing
bract absent ; stamens four ; styles shorter than the
stigmas. E. junceae.
Ascending or erect, branchless or scantily branched ... 2019
2019. All bracts blunt.
Partly creeping, often beset with minute hairlets ; leaves
short, rather rigid, gradually pointed, the upper incurved
along the margin ; spikelets usually closely together in
the spike ; fourth and fifth bracts very much longer than
the first and second, all these venular-streaked ; the fruit-
covering bract absent ; stamens four ; styles shorter than
the stigmas. E. distichophylla.
Inner bracts pointed.
Partly prostrate, then ascending ; leaves rather short,
broadish ; spikelets slightly distant in the spike ; bracts
strongly venular-streaked, the two lowest very much
shortened ; the fruit-covering bract absent ; stamens
four ; styles shorter than the stigmas. E. acuniinata.
478 Key to the System of
LEPTURUS.
2020. Spike often curved.
A coast-grass, never tall ; stems slender, generally ascend-
ing ; leaves short, quite narrow, soon incurved along the
margin ; stalk of the upper leaves turgid ; lowest bracts
two, pointed, the outer five-streaked, t. incurvatus.
Spike often straight.
A coast-grass, usually dwarf and ascending ; leaves rather
narrow, never long ; lowest bract one, pointed, five-
streaked. L. cylindricus.
PAPFOPXORUM.
2021. Fruit-supporting bracts terminated each by nine very
short setular awns.
Seldom tall ; leaves moderately long ; spike-like panicle
short, somewhat cylindrical, from pale-greenish varying
to dark-colored ; outer bracts longitudinally several- or
many-streaked, surrounded and partly invested by soft
hairlets ; undivided portion of the fruit-supporting bract
very short. P. commune.
ERXANTHUS.
2022. Spike-like panicles usually two or three, jointly ter-
minal, brownish from dense vestiture.
Desert-grass, often tall ; leaves rather narrow, much
pointed ; panicular or racemous spikes occasionally in-
creased to five or diminished to one ; awn quite short.
E. fulvus.
ANDROPOGON,
2023. Spikes of spikelets terminating the stem 2024
Spikes of spikelets paired in a contracted panicle or
most of the spikelets ternately dispersed in an ample
panicle ... 2027
2024. Outer bract always with an impression towards the
middle.
Nodes glabrous ; leaves narrow, much pointed, the stem-
leaves never long ; spikes from two to five, without any
floral leaves ; outer bract elliptical, longitudinally venular-
streaked, beset with soft shining hairlets ; last inner bract
provided with a long twisted awn. A. pertusus.
Outer bract usually without any impression ... 2025
Victorian Plants. 479
2025. Outer bract beset with long hairlets particularly at
the summit.
Leaves narrow, much pointed ; nodes bearing a short indu-
ment ; spikes from two to very numerous, without any
floral leaves, the rhachis beset with soft vestiture ; outer
bract oval ; last bract provided with a long twisted
brownish shining awn. A. sericeus.
Outer bract almost glabrous or only ciliolate ... 2026
2026. Spikes two or three, quite terminal.
Leaves narrow, generally greyish-green ; spikes relatively
long, without any floral leaves; outer bract elliptical,
longitudinally venular-streaked, ciliolate ; last bract pro-
vided with a conspicuous twisted shining awn.
A. annulatus.
Spikes several or many on a short axis.
Leaves narrow, much pointed, the stem-leaves involute
along the margin ; spikes rather long, their rhachis beset
with soft hairlets, without any floral leaves ; outer bract
elliptic-lanceolar, almost glabrous, occasionally marked
by a foveolar impression about the middle ; last bract
provided with a twisted shining awn.
A. intermedius.
2027. Spikes of spikelets paired in a contracted panicle ... 2028
Most of the spikelets ternately dispersed in an ample
panicle ... ... 2029
2028. Spikes much beset with soft white vestiture.
Tall and robust ; leaves long, almost flat ; spikes clasped by
floral leaves, somewhat crowded into a rather narrow
panicle, finally bent downwards, their rhachis also densely
clothed with soft hairlets ; outer bract pointed, glabrous ;
last bract provided with a short awn or almost awnless.
A. bombycinns.
Spikes glabrous.
Leaves narrow, pointed ; spikes in an interrupted and very
narrow panicle, clasped by floral leaves, soon spreading
or bent downwards, their rhachis also glabrous ; outer
bract pointed ; last bract awnless. A. refractus.
giat
480 Key to the System of
2029. Spikelets quite small.
Leaves narrow, rather flat, gradually pointed ; panicle
scantily beset with short hairlets, its ultimate branchlets
capillary ; pistillate spikelets sessile, between two stalked
agynous spikelets ; outer bract pointed, often of dark-
bluish hue ; last bract with a short fine awn.
A. montanus.
Spikelets comparatively large ... ... 2030
2030. Panicle almost glabrous.
Tall ; leaves long, narrow ; panicle elongated, its branches
much whorled ; pistillate spikelets sessile between two
stalked agynous spikelets, slender, with a tuft of hairlets
at their base ; outer bract rigid, rather long, pointed,
with a short but very rough ciliolation ; last bract pro-
vided with a long twisted awn. A. Gryllus.
Panicle much beset with hairlets.
Tall; leaves narrow; nodes bearing a dense indument;
panicle elongated, its vestiture soft, brownish and shining,
its branches much whorled ; spikelets somewhat spicately
arranged, the pistillate with a tuft of hairlets at their base ;
outer bract indurating, elongated, soon smooth, often
darkened at maturation ; last bract provided with a very
conspicuous twisted awn. A. australis.
ANTKISTIRIA.
2031. Fruit-bearing spikelet largely glabrous outside.
Tall ; leaves long, rather narrow, gradually pointed ;
fascicles of spikelets sessile, within clasping very short
floral leaves, somewhat paniculated ; non-pistillate spike-
lets without any stalklets, four basal, one or two higher,
sometimes long-ciliolated, usually producing only one
inner bract ; outer bract of the fruiting spikelet soon
hardening; awn long, somewhat twisted. "Kangaroo-
grass." A. ciliata.
Fruit -bearing spikelet completely silklike -invested
outside.
Tall ; leaves long, rather narrow, gradually pointed ;
fascicles of spikelets stalked, within clasping very short
floral-leaves, somewhat paniculated ; non-pistillate spike-
lets without any stalklets, glabrous, four basal, one or two
higher, usually producing two inner bracts and all stami-
nate ; outer bract of the fruiting spikelet soon hardening;
awn long, somewhat twisted. A. avenacea.
Victorian Plants. 481
IMFEHATA.
2032. Spike-like panicle somewhat cylindrical, whitish.
Tall and firm ; leaves long, rigid, hardly spreading ; in-
florescence often rather elongated ; spikelets very small ;
bracts very tender, almost colorless, transparent ; stigmas
soon dark-colored. "Sugar-Reedgrass."
I. arundiuacea.
HEBIARTHRXA.
2033. One of the outer bracts often hooked-pointed.
Creeping, much depressed, permanently vivid-green ; stems
rigid, compressed ; leaves almost in two rows, broadish-
linear, nearly flat ; spikes rather long, but narrow, singly
stalked ; spikelets appressed, very small.
H. compressa.
ZOVSXA.
2034. Hardened outer bract quite closed towards the base.
A coast-grass, far-creeping, sometimes very depressed ;
stems always short and often quite dwarfed ; leaves in
two rows, short but rigid, sharply pointed ; spike very
narrow, often assuming a dark tinge ; spikelets very
small, their stalklets still shorter, thickened upwards.
Z. pimgens.
SFXNXFZSX.
2035. Much beset with silk-like vestiture.
Coast-plant, robust, diffuse, extensively creeping, often
straw-colored or pale-greenish ; leaves broad-linear, elon-
gated, gradually narrowed upwards, incurved along the
margin ; floral leaves several or many, often much shorter
than the others ; staminate and pistillate spikes generally
numerous, placed together in very large often solitary
clusters, occasionally long-stalked, the rhachis far ex-
tended beyond the spikelets, particularly those of the
pistillate plant ; bracts few to each spikelet, the lower
sometimes as long as the others ; stigmas elongated ; fruit
loosely enclosed within the supporting and covering bract.
S. liirsutus.
Glabrous.
Desert-plant, diffuse, lax, light-colored, spreadingly and
often fascicularly branched ; leaves usually short and flat,
on conspicuous clasping stalks ; one of the floral leaves
occasionally elongated, the rest very short or rudimen-
tary, but their membranous stalks also ample ; clusters of
spikelets small ; rhachis quite abbreviated ; bracts few,
rather acute, longitudinally-streaked, the outer mem-
branous ; fruit- enclosing bracts shining, smooth, finally
brownish ; fruit ovate -ellipsoid, brown. S. paradoxus.
21
482 Key to the System of
SETARIA.
2036. Spike-like panicle small, uninterrupted.
Annual, slender, seldom tall ; leaves flat, lax, greyish-green ;
involucrating bristlets short, soon brownish-yellow, their
roughness verging upwards; lowest bract much the
smallest ; fruit-supporting bract wrinkled. (Possibly
immigrated.) S. glauca.
OFLXSaXENUS.
2037. Clusters in the panicle somewhat spicately arranged.
Forest-plant, from dwarf to rather tall, usually beset with
hairlets ; lower portion of the stem often rooting ; leaves
flaccid, comparatively broad ; panicle rather distantly
branched ; awns somewhat sticky, but without any rough-
ness, sometimes also developed on the second bract ;
fruit -supporting bract smooth, shining, somewhat pointed,
rather narrow. O. compositus.
FAN! CUIK.
2038. Spikelets forming radiatingly terminal spikes.
Depressed and partly creeping ; leaves flat, somewhat beset
with hairlets ; spikes eleven or less, very slender, uni-
laterally flowering, often purplish- or bluish-dark ; spike-
lets in pairs, one of the two on a stalk, all narrow and
mostly glabrous ; lowest bract quite minute ; second bract
longitudinally three-streaked ; third bract five-streaked ;
fruit-supporting bract smooth. (Probably immigrated. )
F. sauguinale.
Spikelets forming either panicles or crowded into
solitary or scattered spikes... ... ... ... 2039
2039. Lower branches of the panicle fasciculated or whorled 2040
Panicle spike-like or all its branches and branchlets
scattered ... ... 2045
2040. Lower branches of the panicle fasciculated ... ... 2041
Lower branches of the panicle whorled ... ... 2043
2041. Lowest bract very much shorter than the spikelet.
Tall, glabrous ; leaves rather long, gradually pointed ;
panicle widely spreading ; spikelets scattered, stalked,
rather narrow, acute, pale ; lowest bract truncate-blunt ;
second and third bracts five- or seven -streaked ; stamens
only in the pistillate flower ; fruit-supporting bract smooth
and shining. F. decompositum.
Victorian Plants.
Lowest bract nearly or fully half as long as the
spikelet ... 2042
2042. Totally glabrous.
Tall ; leaves long ; panicle widely spreading ; spikelets
scattered, stalked, somewhat pointed, pale ; lowest bract
also acute ; second and third bracts five-streaked ; fruit-
supporting bract smooth and shining. P. Mitchell! .
Leaves and their stalks beset with hairlets.
Often tall ; leaves broad -linear, mostly flat ; nodes of the
stem conspicuously invested with spreading hairlets ;
panicle amply spreading ; spikelets scattered, stalked,
acute, glabrous, pale ; lowest bract fully half as long as
the spikelet ; second and third bracts five- or seven-
streaked ; fruit-supporting bract smooth and shining.
F. effusum.
2043. Spikelets glabrous.
Rather tall, glabrous ; leaves greyish -green, the membrane
at their inner base elongated, almost entire ; panicle
widely spreading ; spikelets scattered, rather elongated,
ovate-lanceolar, stalked ; lowest bract blunt, more than
half as long as the spikelet, three- or five-streaked ;
second and third bracts acute, five- or seven-streaked ;
fruit-supporting bract smooth and shining.
P. prolutum.
Spikelets beset with silk-like vestiture ... 2044
2044. Second bract with five or seven longitudinal streaks.
Often somewhat depressed ; leaves flat, beset with short
soft hairlets ; lower divisions of the panicle spike-like
but thin ; spikelets narrow, rather elongated, in pairs
along one side of the panicle -branches or rhaches, one of
each pair on a short stalk ; lowest bract quite minute ;
third bract seven- to eleven-streaked ; fruit-supporting
bract smooth, acute, shining. P. coeiiicolum.
Second bract with three longitudinal streaks.
Often rather tall ; leaves flat, generally beset with short
hairlets ; lower branches of the panicle spike-like, finally
much spreading ; spikelets rather elongated, narrow,
acute, often paired along one side of the panicle-branches
or rhaches, one of each pair on a stalk ; lowest bract quite
minute ; third bract five-streaked ; fruit-supporting bract
smooth, shining. P. divaricatissimum.
484 Key to the System of
2045. Panicle spikelike-contracted ... 2046
Panicle spreading-branched ... ... ... ... 2048
2046. Spikelets beset with silk-like vestiture.
Leaves mostly glabrous ; panicle consisting of but few elon-
gated scattered and very slender branches, or occasionally
reduced to one or two spikes ; lowest bract very minute ;
the second bract three-streaked ; the third bract five-
streaked ; fruit-supporting bract smooth.
F. leucophaeum.
Spikelets almost or quite glabrous ... ... ... 2047
2047. Spikelets very small, in unilaterally flowering distant
Leaves from broad- to narrow-linear, involute along the
margin, glabrous ; spikes short, rather distant along the
undivided upper end of the stem, sometimes reduced to
mere clusters, their rhachis often setular-pointed ; spike-
lets usually close together in two rows, almost ovate-
ellipsoid, pale ; lowest bract ovate, about half as long as
the others ; second and third bracts five-streaked and
empty ; fruit-supporting bract wrinkled. P. gracile.
Spikelets relatively large, almost racemously arranged.
Never tall, somewhat prostrate ; leaves rather short, flat,
broadish ; branches of the inflorescence very short, pro-
duced from below the spikelets into an awn-like rough
elongation ; lowest bract minute, blunt ; second and
third bracts gradually much pointed, streaked by several
venules ; fruit obovate-ellipsoid. P. paradoxum.
2048. Branches of the inflorescence awnlike-spinescent.
Semiaquatic, much elongated and spreading ; stems and
branches compressed ; leaves broad, flat, their stalks lax ;
branches of the panicle spreading, very thin, scattered,
mostly undivided ; spikelets appressed but short-stalked,
scattered, comparatively long and proportionately narrow,
much pointed ; lowest bract minute, blunt ; second and
third bracts many-streaked ; stamens also within the
third bract ; fruit-supporting bract remaining tenderly
membranous, thus allowing of a ready secession of the
fruit. P. spinescens.
Branches of the inflorescence without any awn-like
elongations ... ... ... ... .. ... 2049
Victorian Plants.
2049. Spikelets mostly crowded along the branches of the
panicle ... .« 2050
Spikelets all scattered ... 2052
2050. Fruit-supporting bract beset with minute hairlets.
Rigid, the lower portion of the stem depressed and rooting ;
branches elongated ; leaves mostly broadish-linear, flat,
prominently margined ; panicle rather short, occasionally
reduced to an interrupted spike ; lowest bract very small ;
second and third bract three- or five-streaked.
F. margiuatum.
Fruit-supporting bract glabrous ... ... 2051
2051. All bracts simply acute.
Rigid, the lower portion of the stem depressed and rooting ;
leaves narrow but rather flat, often beset with hairlets ;
spikelets obliquely ovate, turgid, glabrous or slightly
ciliolated ; lowest bract about one-third as long as the
spikelet ; second and third bract three- or five-streaked,
stamens in the third; fruit-supporting bract scarcely
smooth. F. repeiis.
Nearly all the bracts much pointed or some awned.
Annual or of short duration, often diffuse or somewhat
prostrate ; stems rather succulent, from dwarf to very
long ; leaves broad-linear, flat ; leaf-stalks without any
membranous or ciliolar expansion at the inner end ;
spikes or clusters of spikelets in a dense almost uni-
lateral panicle, sometimes emitting awn-like hairlets ;
spikelets comparatively large ; bracts often rough from
very short rigid scattered hairlets ; lowest bract about
half as long as the next ; second and third bract three- or
five-streaked, a long awn not rar» on the third bract ;
fruit-supporting bract smooth and very shining.
F. Crus Galli.
2052. Spikelets always one-fruited, the outer bract about
half as long as the next.
Ascendant, almost glabrous ; leaves broad -linear, flat ;
panicle spreading, with capillary divided branches ; spike-
lets dark-colored, scattered, turgidly ovate-lanceolar,
separately short-stalked, glabrous ; lowest bract three-
nerved ; second and third bract five-streaked ; fruit-
supporting bract smooth and shining.
F. melananthum.
486 Key to the System of
Spikelets often two-fruited, the outer bract about as
long as the next.
Ascending, somewhat creeping or producing offshoots ;
leaves broad, often narrow-lanceolar, quite flaccid, flat ;
panicle spreading, almost capillarily branched ; spikelets
scattered, separately stalked, turgid, often in part dark-
colored ; all bracts blunt, the outer finely several-streaked ;
fruit -supporting bract slightly beset with very minute
hairlets. (Isachne Australis.) P, atro-virens.
NEURACHNZi.
2053. Lowest bract with an opening at the middle or towards
the base.
Desert-plant, never tall ; leaves short, broadish, usually
flat ; spike cylindrical, rather slender ; opening of the
lowest bract at its thickened upper margin conspicuously
beset with hairlets, at first membranously closed ; second
bract almost blunt; fruit finally dropping from the sup-
porting and the corering bract. N. Mitchelliana.
Lowest bract without any opening ... ... ... 2054
2054. Lowest bract closely ciliolated.
Desert-plant, never tall ; leaves mostly narrow, somewhat
rigid ; spike ellipsoid- cylindrical, occasionally almost
globularly shortened, often assuming a somewhat dark
color ; lowest bract and the next gradually much pointed,
seven- to eleven-streaked, both conspicuously ciliolated ;
fruit finally dropping from the supporting and the
covering bract. N. alopecnroides.
Lowest bract almost glabrous.
Desert-plant, never tall ; leaves narrow, longitudinally in-
curved ; spike narrow-cylindrical, never dark-colored ;
lowest bract greenish, five-streaked, the next longer and
much more pointed, seven-streaked ; fruit finally dropping
from the supporting and the covering bract.
TRAGUS.
2055. Annual and relatively dwarf.
Often of diffuse growth ; leaves flat, lax ; spike singly ter-
minal, somewhat raceme-like ; lowest bract rudimentary
or undeveloped ; second bract the largest, somewhat
pointed, bearing numerous minute hooked prickles ex-
teriorely ; fruit ellipsoid, free within its own thin bracts.
T. racemosus.
Victorian Plants. 487
ERZOCKX.OA.
2056. Spikes few or several, scattered.
Rather tall ; leaves generally flat ; spikes forming a con-
tracted panicle, very narrow, unilaterally flowering, often
beset with soft hairlets ; spikelets pointed, their short
stalks at the summit dilated and there often dark-colored ;
fruit-supporting bract ending in a very short awn ; fruit
free within its bracts.
(E. punctata.) E. polystachya.
ALOFECURUS.
2057. Stems prostrate in the lower portion, thence often
abruptly bent upwards.
Annual or of short duration ; leaves lax, flat ; leaf-stalks
often somewhat inflated, particularly those of the upper
leaves ; spike-like inflorescence dense, rather short, cylin-
drical ; outer bracts along their keel ciliolate, only near
the base connected ; fruit-supporting bract emitting from
near or below the middle a very short awn ; fruit free
within its bracts, but retained by them. (Possibly immi-
grated.) A. geniculatus.
SPOROBOX.US.
2058. Mostly prostrate.
Coast-plant, never tall ; leaves rigid, short, narrow,
gradually pointed, longitudinally incurved, almost form-
ing two rows ; panicle short, closely contracted ; outer
and inner bracts of nearly equal length, often somewhat
dark-colored ; stamens three ; fruit obovate-ellipsoid,
minute. S. Virginicus.
Mostly erect ...
2059. Panicle spikelike-contracted.
Rigid; lower leaves elongated, upper but few, all narrow,
gradually pointed, longitudinally incurved ; panicle
rather long but almost cylindrically contracted, occa-
sionally interrupted ; bracts somewhat dark-colored, the
outer transparent, hardly blunt, unequal in length but
both shorter than the inner ; fruit obovate- or globular-
ellipsoid, minute. S, Iiidicus.
Panicle quite spreading.
Desert-plant, never tall ; leaves narrow, very acute ; panicle
somewhat elongated, its lowest branches whorled ; bracts
pointed, the lowest quite narrow and shorter than the
two next, all somewhat dark-colored ; anthers very
minute ; fruit obovate -globular, minute, loosely enveloped.
S. Lindleyi.
488 Key to the System of
FENTAFOGON.
2060. Middle awn slightly twisted.
Seldom tall; leaves short, principally basal, mostly quite
narrow, gradually pointed, often beset with hairlets ;
panicle contracted ; spikelets rather large ; outer bracts
of almost equal length, pointed ; rhacheolar stalklet of
flower very short, silklike-invested ; middle awn seldom
very long ; fruit loose within its bracts.
F. Billardieri.
ANXSOFOGON.
2061. Spikelets few or several, hardly paniculated.
Often tall ; leaves much elongated, longitudinally involute,
gradually pointed ; spikelets on thin mostly elongated
stalks, drooping ; rhacheole very short ; outer bracts very
long, but proportionately narrow, membranous, gradually
much pointed ; fruit-supporting bract outside imperfectly
beset with short soft hairlets ; fruit-covering bract firm ;
anthers long, but quite narrow ; styles about as long as
the stigmas ; fruit beset with minute hairlets at and
toward the summit. A. avenaceus.
AZIISTZDA.
2062. Awn three-branched from far above its base.
Desert-plant, rather tall, occasionally dwarfed ; leaves
through longitudinal involution almost filiform, much
pointed ; panicle contracted and usually somewhat
twisted j outer bracts longer than the inner, generally
of a purplish hue, much pointed, the lowest shorter than
the other ; stalklet very short, producing hairlets at the
summit ; awn very long, its undivided portion thinly
filiform, but spirally twisted, jointed at the base, its
divisions slightly rough ; fruit loose within its bracts,
narrow. A. arenaria.
Awn three-branched from its base ... ... ... 2063
2063. Branches of the panicle very much elongated, with
spikelets towards the summit only.
Desert-plant, rather tall : leaves long and narrow, much
pointed; panicle elongated, distantly branched ; spikelets
on very long and thin stalks ; outer bracts of unequal
length ; awn rather long, without any torsion ; fruit nar-
row, loose within its bracts, comparatively long.
A. leptopoda.
Branches of the panicle short ... ... .... 2064
Victorian Plants. 489
2064. Awn of about the length of the spikelet.
Seldom tall ; leaves rather short, much pointed, flat towards
their base ; panicle somewhat spreading, its branches
rather short and rigid ; spikelets on very short stalks, few
or several ; outer bracts shorter than the inner, often
purplish-dark ; awn without any torsion, sessile and con-
tinuous with its bract, the three divisions very short ;
fruit narrow, loose within its bracts. A. vagaiis.
Awn of considerably greater length than that of the
spikelet ... 2065
2065. Spikelets almost racemously approximated.
Rather tall ; leaves very narrow, filiform upwards, much
pointed ; panicle rather long, contracted, its branches
mostly short ; spikelets from rather few to several, sessile
or on very short stalks ; outer bracts often purplish-dark,
finely pointed, about as long as the inner ; awn sessile,
without any torsion, continuous with the fruit-supporting
bract, its divisions of moderate length ; fruit narrow, loose
within its bracts. A. calycina.
Spikelets almost fascicularly approximated.
Desert-plant, somewhat diffuse, never tall ; leaves upwards
almost filiform ; panicle dense, comparatively broad, its
branches short ; spikelets numerous ; outer bract about
half as long as the next, both gradually much pointed, the
second longer than the inner bracts ; awn sessile and con-
tinuous with its bract, without any torsion, its divisions
rather long, slightly rough ; fruit narrow, loose within its
bracts. A. Behriana.
STIPA.
2066. Fruit-supporting bract beset with hairlets ... ... 2067
Fruit-supporting bract glabrous ... ... ... 2073
2067. Membrane at the inner base of the leaves without
any cilioles ... 2068
Membrane at the inner base of the leaves much
changed into cilioles 2070
2068. Membrane at the inner base of the leaves elongated.
Slender, somewhat tall ; leaves rather short, narrow,
involute along the margin ; panicle spreading, its branches
mostly short, nearly glabrous ; outer bracts gradually
pointed ; fruit-supporting bract much abbreviated ; awns
long, capillary, somewhat bent, slightly rough, hardly
twisted ; fruit loose within its bracts. S. setacea.
490 Key to the System of
Membrane at the inner base of the leaves abbreviated 2069
2069. Outer bracts colorless.
Coast-plant, tall and quite straight; leaves very long,
filiform-cylindrical, very rigid, pungent, often light-green ;
panicle long, much contracted, somewhat twisted ; outer
bracts elongated, much pointed ; fruit-supporting bract
beset with short but spreading somewhat deciduous
indument ; awn moderately long, capillary, flexuous,
glabrous ; fruit loose within its bract. S. teretifolia.
Outer bracts yellowish.
Often tall ; leaves mostly long, almost filiform from marginal
involution ; panicle elongated, rather contracted, its
branches often short ; spikelets rather large ; outer bracts
much pointed, inner bracts somewhat shorter ; awn long,
only slightly invested with very short hairlets or almost
glabrous ; fruit loose within its bracts. S. flavescens.
2070. Outer bracts at their summit somewhat truncated
and denticulated.
Tall ; leaves long, narrow, involute along the margin ;
panicle elongated, somewhat spreading; spikelets large,
blunt at the base ; awn long, usually invested with very
short hairlets along its lower portion ; fruit loose within
its bracts. S. pubesceus.
Outer bracts much pointed ... .. ... ... 2071
2071. Awn at least to the middle beset with hairlets.
Generally tall ; leaves long, narrow, often marginally in-
flexed ; panicle long, somewhat contracted, its branches
almost glabrous ; spikelets large ; outer bracts gradually
pointed, much exceeding the inner bracts ; awn very long,
its vestiture conspicuous ; fruit loose within its bracts.
S. semibarbata.
Awn glabrous... ... ... ... ... ... 2072
2072. Outer bracts ending in three points, the two lateral
short.
Desert-plant, often tall ; leaves long, often involute along
the margin ; panicle elongated, moderately spreading ;
spikelets rather large ; middle point of outer bracts the
longest ; fruit-supporting bract turgid, its vestiture
greyish, appressed and shining; awn rather long, twisted,
slightly rough ; fruit loose within its bracts.
S. aristiglumis.
Victorian Plants. 491
Outer bracts ending in one long point.
Rather tall ; leaves almost filiform from marginal involution,
gradually pointed ; panicle elongated, generally some-
what dense, its branches almost capillary and sometimes
twisted ; fruit-supporting bract quite small, its vestiture
appressed and shining ; awn long, capillary, glabrous ;
fruit loose within its bracts. S. crinita.
2073. Panicle very dense, almost spikelike-contracted.
Often tall, always robust ; leaves elongated, rather flat,
gradually much narrowed upwards ; panicle pale, some-
what cylindrical in outline, attaining considerable length ;
spikelets very numerous, quite small ; bracts of almost
equal length ; awn very thin, many times longer than
the fruit-supporting bract, without any torsion, infra-
terminal ; stamens one or two or rarely three ; fruit loose
within its bracts. S. Di chelae line.
Panicle open, variously spreading ... ... ... 2074
2074. Branches of the panicle short, glabrous.
Seldom tall ; leaves comparatively short, rather flat but
gradually much narrowed upwards ; panicle only mode-
rately spreading ; awn generally about three times longer
than the bracts, almost without any torsion, slightly
rough ; stamens three ; fruit loose within its bracts.
S. micrantha.
Branches of the panicle long, provided with vestiture 2075
2075. Panicle-branches beset with very short hairlets and
bearing rather small spikelets.
Desert-plant, dwarf ; leaves rather flat, closely beset with
very short vestiture ; branches of the panicle rather long,
much spreading, the lower whorled, the upper mostly
fascicled, their vestiture soft, whitish and patent ; outer
bracts many times shorter than the awn ; fruit loose
within its bracts. S. Tuckeri.
Panicle-branches beset with very conspicuous hairlets
and bearing rather large spikelets.
Desert-plant, finally very tall, branched ; leaves narrow,
glabrous ; branches of the panicle very long, weak, soon
spreading, the lower whorled, their vestiture soft, whitish,
patent ; outer bracts several times shorter than the awn ;
fruit loose within its bracts. S. elegantissima.
492 Key to the System of
AIVXFHIPOGON.
2076. Inflorescence almost cylindrical, short.
Seldom tall ; leaves comparatively short, quite narrow,
pointed, somewhat rigid ; spike-like panicle dense, occa-
sionally shortened to an ovate-ellipsoid form ; outer bracts
broadish, but short; awns of the fruit-supporting and
fruit-covering bracts lobe-like and ciliolated, finally some-
what divergent ; fruit loose within its bracts.
A, strict us.
ECHINOFOGCm.
2077. Inflorescence often almost capitular.
Rather tall, somewhat harsh ; leaAres comparatively short,
nearly flat, rather rough ; inflorescence varying from
narrow-ellipsoid to almost globular, greenish ; spikelets
quite small ; lowest bract about as long as the next ;
inner bracts slightly longer ; awn straight, rough, about
twice as long as the pertaining bract ; fruit loose within
its bracts. E. ovatus.
AGROSTIS.
2078. Outer bracts much shorter than the inner, truncate-
blunt.
Rather dwarf ; leaves very narrow, involute along the
margin ; panicle short, somewhat spreading ; spikelets
remarkably small ; outer bracts broad in proportion to
their length ; fruit-supporting bract awnless ; additional
rhacheolar stalklet present, flowerless, glabrous.
A. breviglumis.
Outer bracts about as long as the lowest inner or
longer, usually acute ... ... ... ... 2079
2079. Panicle contracted ... 2080
Panicle spreading 2084
Lowest bracts about as long as the fruit-supporting
bract ... 2081
Lowest bracts considerably longer than the fruit-
supporting bract 2082
Victorian Plants. 493
2081. Awn from near the summit of the fruit-supporting
bract.
Alpine, rather dwarf, but somewhat robust ; leaves broadish,
nearly flat, never of conspicuous length ; panicle spike-
like, often of a darkish hue ; spikelets very small ; fruit-
supporting bract slightly shorter than the outer bracts,
minutely awned ; additional rhacheolar stalklet glabrous.
A. iiivalis.
Awn from near the middle of the fruit-supporting
bract.
Seldom tall ; leaves narrow, but nearly flat ; panicle rather
short, almost cylindrical or scantily open ; spikelets much
crowded ; fruit-supporting bract nearly as long as the
outer bracts, acute ; awn slightly twisted and somewhat
exserted ; rhacheolar extension flowerless, beset with
. minute hairlets. A. densa.
2082. Awn absent.
Alpine, often dwarf ; leaves narrow, longitudinally bent
inward, the lower leaves rather elongated ; panicle
abbreviated, closely or moderately contracted, capillary-
branched ; spikelets somewhat violet-darkish ; fruit-
supporting bract awnless, considerably shorter than the
outer bracts ; fruit-covering bract undeveloped ; addi-
tional rhacheolar stalklet absent. A. Muelleri.
Awn present, but short
Flowerless stalklet within the spikelet quite rudi-
mentary or absent.
Often tall; leaves generally broadish, flat or along the
margin somewhat incurved, gradually pointed ; panicle
often long, almost cylindrical or scantily open ; spikelets
always crowded ; fruit-supporting bract terminating in
four extremely short setular points ; its awn arising from
below the middle, hardly semi-exserted ; additional
rhacheolar stalklet almost or quite undeveloped.
A. quadriseta.
Flowerless stalklet within the spikelet conspicuous.
Rather tall and somewhat robust ; leaves hardly long,
gradually pointed ; panicle almost cylindrical or scantily
open ; spikelets all crowded ; fruit-supporting bract nearly
as long as the outer bracts, somewhat rough outside,
slightly denticulated at the summit ; its awn arising from
below the middle, semi-exserted; additional rhacheolar
stalklet generally ciliolated, seldom bearing a bract.
A. moutana.
494 Key to the System of
2084. Lowest bracts considerably longer than the fruit-
supporting bract.
Usually tall ; leaves generally flat, elongated and broadish ;
panicle very spreading, the spikelets singly terminating
capillary mostly elongated branchlets ; fruit-supporting
bract usually somewhat beset with minute hairlets outside,
occasionally two-pointed ; its awn arising from near or
below the middle, about semi-exserted, slightly bent ;
additional rhacheolar stalklet beset with short hairleta,
but bractless. A. Solandri.
Lowest bracts about as long as the fruit-supporting
bract 2085
2085. Flowerless stalklet within the spikelet absent ... 2086
Flowerless stalklet within the spikelet present ... 2087
2086. Awn present.
Slender, seldom tall ; leaves quite narrow, gradually pointed ;
branches of the panicle capillary ; spikelets mostly short-
stalked ; awn from near the middle of the fruit-supporting
bract and considerably exceeding its length, almost
straight, slightly rough. A. veuusta.
Awn absent.
Often rather tall ; leaves narrow, gradually pointed ; panicle
elongated, its branches subtile-capillary, the lower
whorled ; spikelets very small ; fruit-supporting bract
blunt, rather shorter than the lower bracts, neither pro-
vided with any stalklet of its own, nor surrounded by
hairlets ; fruit-covering bract almost or quite undeveloped.
A. scabra.
2087. Awn far infra-terminal.
Alpine, tall ; leaves flat, gradually pointed ; panicle elon-
gated, its branches mostly scattered ; spikelets of rather
conspicuous size ; awn from near the middle of the
fruit-supporting bract, extremely short, somewhat bent,
deciduous. A. frigida.
Awn nearly terminal.
Rather tall, but generally slender, sometimes bent down-
ward ; leaves usually flat, gradually pointed ; panicle
elongated, slightly or moderately spreading ; outer bracts
about as long as the two inner ; awn very short, thus
slightly or hardly reaching beyond the summit of the
fruit-supporting bract, anthers very short ; rhacheolar
stalklet often beset with minute hairlets. A. rudis.
Victorian Plants. 495
CHLORIS.
2088. Spikelets on the rayed spikes narrow and pointed.
Seldom tall ; leaves broadish, flat, greyish-green, their stalks
often compressed ; spikes from few to numerous, soon very
spreading, often of a darkish somewhat violet hue, occa-
sionally by elongation of the axis of the inflorescence
separated into more than one whorl ; spikelets rather
small, unilateral-biseriate, hardly crowded ; lowest bracts
finely pointed ; fruit-supporting bract rather conspicuously
awned, so also the always narrow bract on the accessory
stalklet ; fruit loose within its bracts. C. acicularis.
Spikelets on the rayed spikes broadish and truncate-
blunt.
Seldom tall, often somewhat prostrate in its lower portion ;
leaves rather broadish, flat, their stalks generally com-
pressed ; spikes from few to several, rather long, soon very
spreading ; spikelets very small, unilateral-biseriate ;
lowest bract extremely short and narrow, the next fine-
pointed ; fruit-supporting bract roundish-blunt, slightly
ciliolated, its awn straight, rather conspicuous, but very
thin ; sterile flower consisting only of a truncate bract ;
fruit loose within its bracts. C. tniucata.
CVNODON.
2089. Lowest bracts shorter than the fruit-supporting bract.
Prostrate and partly ascending, forming dense patches,
rooting from the lower nodes ; leaves short, narrow, nearly
flat, acute, almost in two rows ; spikes very narrow,
usually from two to five, occasionally six or seven, often
of a darkish somewhat violet hue ; spikelets extremely
small, unilateral-biseriate ; lowest bract narrow ; fruit-
supporting bract slightly ciliolated, rather acute, laterally
much compressed ; rhacheole extended into a very short
glabrous flowerless stalklet ; fruit loose within its bracts.
"Doorva-Grass." C. Dactyloii.
AIRA.
2090. Panicle much expanded.
Tall, ample-tufty ; leaves long, rather rigid, rough above,
flat or somewhat involute along the margin ; panicle lax,
elongated, its branches much whorled, less expanded
before and after flowering time ; spikelets small, com-
pressed, about as broad as long, yellowish- or purplish-
tinged or sometimes pale ; fruit-supporting bract hardly
extending beyond the outer, denticulated at the summit ;
awn emanating from near the middle of its bract and
barely reaching beyond its summit, straight ; rhacheolar
bractless stalklet generally present ; fruit slightly fur-
rowed on the outer side. A. caespitosa.
496 Key to the System of
Panicle much contracted.
Seldom tall ; leaves rather long, hardly rigid, almost flat,
gradually pointed ; panicle rather short, in its lower
portion often somewhat interrupted, mostly pale ; spike-
lets much compressed ; fruit-supporting bract finely two-
Eointed, emitting a short somewhat bent and rough awn
rom near the summit ; rhacheolar extension seldom
bract-bearing. A. subspicata.
UISTICHLIS.
2091. Leaves short, almost in two rows, somewhat pun-
gent.
Chiefly a coast-plant, prostrate, forming ample patches ;
stems and branches leafy up to the inflorescence ; leaves
rigid, narrow, incurved along the margin ; spikelets few,
soon dull-yellowish, much compressed, lanceolar-ellipti-
cal ; flowers several or sometimes many, closely approxi-
mated ; bracts simply or hardly acute ; those supporting
the stamens or the fruit several-streaked.
D. maritima.
AGROPYRON.
2092. Fruit-supporting bract shorter than its awn.
Rather tall, somewhat harsh ; leaves chiefly scattered along
the stem ; narrow, flat or incurved along the margin ;
spikelets elongated, almost appressed, alternating, often
somewhat distant ; flowers several or occasionally many ;
fruit-supporting bracts narrow, gradually passing into the
straight or slightly spreading awn. A. scabrum.
Fruit-supporting bract longer than its awn .« ... 2093
2093. Spikelets almost appressed, beset with very short
hairlets.
Rather dwarf ; leaves chiefly near the base of the stem, flat
or incurved along the margin ; spike comparatively short ;
spikelets rather crowded ; flowers few or several ; fruit-
supporting bracts pungent. A. velu.ti.nuni.
Spikelets very spreading, almost glabrous.
Rather dwarf ; leaves chiefly near the base of the stem, flat
or incurved along the margin ; spike comparatively short ;
spikelets rather crowded ; flowers few or several ; fruit-
supporting bract narrow, pungent.
A. pectinatum.
Victorian Plants. 497
BROIKUS.
2094. Spikelets from long stalks at last mostly bending
over, at first gradually attenuated towards the
summit.
Annual, rather tall, beset with short soft hairlets; leaves very
flaccid, rather broadish, almost flat, gradually narrowed
upwards ; panicle very lax, somewhat unilateral ; spikelets
comparatively large, several-flowered; anthers very short;
fruit-supporting bract usually seven-streaked, convex
along the middle, cleft at the apex ; awn conspicuous,
straight, almost terminal, rough ; fruit slender, at the
summit bearing minute hairlets. B. arenarius.
FESTTTCA.
2095. Leaves comparatively short.
Here alpine, seldom tall, quite slender ; leaves very narrow,
involute along the margin, very thin upwards, few on the
stems ; panicle short, much contracted, especially at last,
its branches capillary-thin ; spikelets few- or several-
flowered; fruit -supporting bract narrow, gradually ending
in a very short awn, somewhat rough outside ; fruit rather
narrow, blunt. P. duriuscula.
Leaves quite long ... ... ... ... 2096
2096. Leaves very rigid.
Maritime, tall, robust, amply tufted, soon assuming a dull-
yellowish or pale hue ; leaves straight, by marginal
involution almost cylindrical, much narrowed upwards,
pungent, beset with hairlets on the upper much concealed
side ; panicle contracted, usually long ; spikelets rather
large, few- or several-flowered, awnless ; fruit- supporting
bract firm, five-streaked, beset with very thin vestiture
outside ; fruit ovate -ellipsoid, turgid on one side.
F. lit or alls.
Leaves hardly rigid.
Generally sub-alpine, tall, robust, rather harsh ; leaves
comparatively broad, almost flat, somewhat rough, the
upper less elongated ; panicle long, moderately or much
spreading ; spikelets broadish, few- or several-flowered,
occasionally dull-purplish ; fruit-supporting bract imper-
fectly five- or seven-streaked, slightly lobed at the
summit, minutely awned or awnless ; styles slightly
lateral ; fruit ovate-ellipsoid. F, Hookeriana.
2 K
498 Key to the System of
ELEUSINE.
2097. Spikes usually four, broad in proportion to their length.
Annual, generally dwarf, seldom tall ; stems often near the
base prostrate and rooting ; leaves flaccid, rather short,
broadish, flat, pointed ; spikes from two to eight or
exceptionally one only, usually much spreading, slightly
pointed by the protruding apex of the rhachis ; spikelets
crowded, usually few-flowered ; second lowest bract
ending in a short rather thick and slightly curved elon-
gation ; fruit-supporting bract much pointed ; seed readily
seceding from its pericarpous envelope* short but com-
paratively broad, almost granular-rough.
E. cruciata.
ERAGROSTXS.
2098. Spikelets usually with only few flowers.
Annual, weak, generally dwarf ; leaves flat ; panicle much
spreading, with capillary partly whorled branches and
branchlets ; spikelets minute ; flowers two to six, rarely
seven to ten flowers ; fruit-supporting bracts transparent,
blunt ; anthers very minute, almost cordate, dark-violet ;
fruit ovate-ellipsoid, smooth, shining, reddish-brown.
E. teiiella.
Spikelets usually with many flowers ... ... 209
2099. Spikelets abbreviated.
Perennial, rather tall; leaves narrow, longitudinally in-
volute ; panicle contracted, its lower branches often
distant ; fruit- supporting bracts prominently venular-
streaked, opaque ; stamens often two ; fruit ovate-ellipsoid.
E. diandra.
Spikelets elongated ... ... ... ... ... 210
2100. Fruit-supporting bracts transparent.
Annual, rather or quite tall, but weak, bearing hairlets only
at the base of the leaves and in some of the axils of the
panicle ; leaves flat, narrow ; panicle much elongated,
laxly spreading, its branches capillary ; spikelets narrow,
separately stalked, of a somewhat dark tinge, occa-
sionally reduced to five flowers ; fruit-supporting bract
with only the carinular venule prominent ; fruit pellucid,
ovate- ellipsoid, brownish. E. pilosa.
Fruit-supporting bracts opaque ... ... ... 2101
Victorian Plants. 499
2101. Stem-base and lowest leaf-stalks enveloped in a
whitish dense vestiture.
Desert-plant, perennial, seldom tall, rather rigid, often of a
pale or dull-yellowish hue ; leaves narrow, longitudinally
involute, much pointed ; panicle short-branched ; spike-
lets conspicuously compressed, hardly provided with any
stalks of their own ; flowers sometimes very numerous,
rarely reduced to six, always closely approximated ; fruit-
supporting bract occasionally of a dull-purplish tinge,
their venular streaks rather prominent ; fruit ovate-
ellipsoid. E. chaetophylla.
Stem-base and lowest leaf-stalks glabrous ... ... 2102
5102. Spikelets conspicuously compressed, broadish.
Rather tall, flowering for a long while ; leaves flat or oftener
somewhat inflexed along the margin ; panicle spreading,
almost straightly but rather scantily branched ; spikelets
often assuming a somewhat dark hue, occasionally
clustered, without any conspicuous stalks of their own ;
flowers seldom very numerous, always closely approxi-
mated ; stamens three or two ; fruit-supporting bract
prominently venular-streaked ; fruit ovate-ellipsoid.
E. Brownii.
Spikelets almost cylindrical, very narrow ... ... 2103
2103. Spikelets straight, the fruit-supporting bracts faintly
streaked.
Perennial, seldom tall ; stems very thin ; leaves very narrow,
longitudinally involute, pointed ; panicle rather con-
tracted, short-branched ; spikelets straight, provided
with short stalks of their own ; flowers many ; fruit-
supporting bract almost blunt. E. lacunaria.
Spikelets curved, the fruit-supporting bracts strongly
streaked.
Desert-plant, perennial, seldom tall ; stems very thin ;
leaves short and narrow, longitudinally involute, pointed ;
panicle short-branched, moderately spreading ; spikelets
perceptively curved, without any conspicuous stalks of
their own ; flowers many, sometimes very numerous,
always closely approximated ; anthers very short ; fruit-
supporting bract almost blunt ; fruit ovate-ellipsoid.
E. falcata.
500 Key to the System of
POA.
2104. Root thickened into one or more tuberous enlarge-
ments.
Desert-plant, hardly tall ; protuberances of the root pale, at
intervals placed in one row ; leaves elongated, narrow,
nearly flat or along the margin incurved ; panicle rather
short, somewhat spreading, scantily capillary -branched ;
spikelets comparatively broad, from ovate to almost
roundish, rather turgid ; flowers few or several ; lowest
bract sometimes purplish ; fruit-supporting bract five-
streaked, slightly ciliolated, blunt. P. nodosa.
Root without any tuberous enlargements ... ... 2105
2105. Perennial ... 2106
Annual ... 2111
2106. Floating or creeping.
Semi-aquatic, much elongated; stem somewhat compressed;,
leaves flat, comparatively broad ; membrane inside at
the upper end of the leaf-stalk elongated ; panicle very
long but narrow, somewhat unilateral, its branches
simple, mostly distant, bearing at best only few spikelets
each, the lower at first spreading, at last almost erect ;
spikelets slender, rather pale-greenish, mostly appressed ;
flowers several or many ; fruit-supporting bract generally
seven-streaked, blunt, convex along the middle. " Manna-
Grass." P. fluitans.
Erect or diffuse ... 2107
2107. Stem much branched.
Swamp-plant, very tall, widely and often fascicularly
branched, very rigid ; leaves distant, most of them mar-
ginally involute particularly upwards ; panicle elongated,
generally much spreading ; spikelets shining ; rhacheole
glabrous ; flowers several or few, seldom many ; fruit-
supporting bract lax, thin, three-streaked, somewhat
pellucid, blunt. "Bamboo-Grass." P. ramigera.
Stem almost or quite branchless ... 2108
2108. Fruit-supporting bracts almost granular-rough outside.
Forest-plant, always tall, sometimes enormously elongated,
yet not of long duration and hardly rigid ; leaves very
long, almost flat, proportionately broad ; membrane
inside at the upper end of the leaf-stalk elongated, with-
out ciliolation ; panicle often very long, spreading, thinly
Victorian Plants. 501
branched ; spikelets few only to each main branch of the
panicle, rather turgid ; flowers few or several ; fruit-
supporting bract blunt, five-streaked, dark-brownish in
age. P. dives.
Fruit-supporting bracts smooth ... ... 2109
2109. Fruit-supporting bracts seven- or nine-streaked.
Rather tall ; leaves flat, hardly pointed ; membrane inside
at the upper end of the leaf -stalk conspicuous ; panicle
spreading, often elongated, capillary-branched ; spikelets
much compressed, ovate- or elliptic-lanceolar ; pale- or
yellowish-green ; flowers several or few ; fruit-supporting
bract blunt, beset with shining hairlets outside towards
the base. F. For de ana.
Fruit-supporting bracts five-streaked... ... ... 2110
2110. Fruit adherent to the covering bract.
Coast-plant, finally tall, rigid, often amply tufted ; leaves
very long, involute along the margin, gradually pointed ;
panicle elongated, usually much contracted ; spikelets
mostly crowded, often early dull-yellowish ; flowers few
or occasionally reduced to three ; fruit- supporting bract
towards the base beset with short crisped hairlets ; fruit
ellipsoid, somewhat pointed, with a broad furrow at the
upper side. P. Labillardierii.
Fruit free within its bracts.
Generally tall, often amply tufted; leaves flat or longi-
tudinally somewhat or quite incurved, gradually pointed,
the lower particularly long; panicle elongated, some-
times much so, moderately or considerably spreading ;
spikelets rather short ; flowers few, hardly in contiguous
proximity to each other ; fruit-supporting bract towards
the base usually beset with short crisp hairlets, five-
streaked. P. caespitosa.
2111. Fruit-supporting bracts five-streaked.
Coast-plant, seldom tall ; soon assuming a dull yellowish
hue ; leaves very narrow, quite straight, through mar-
ginal involution filiform, gradually pointed ; panicle much
contracted ; spikelets very narrow, many almost or quite
without stalks of their own ; rhacheole glabrous ; flowers
several or few ; fruit-supporting bract firm, convex along
the middle, glabrous ; fruit ellipsoid, concave on the
upper side. P. syrtica.
502 Key to the System of
Fruit-supporting bracts seven- to eleven-streaked.
Desert-plant, dwarf ; stems very thin, often purplish ; leaves
flat, narrow, lax ; membrane inside at the upper end
of the leaf-stalk conspicuous ; panicle small, slightly
spreading, few-branched ; spikelets much compressed,
mostly elliptic-ovate ; flowers several or few or occa-
sionally reduced to three ; fruit-supporting bract thin,
blunt, its keel ciliolated towards the base ; fruit very
slender. P. lepida.
TRXODXA.
2112. Tufts very large, with extremely pungent leaves.
Desert-plant, with hardening base, often assuming a pale- or
dull-yellowish hue ; leaves numerous, very long and rigid,
straight, cylindrically convolute, the majority much
spreading ; panicle long but rather narrow ; spikelets
somewhat crowded ; fruit-supporting bract much streaked,
outside towards the base beset with short dense and
somewhat shining vestiture, terminated by three blunt
denticles; fruit loose within its bracts. "Porcupine-
Grass." T. irritans.
TRXRAPHXS.
2113. Panicle close and soft, its awns short, without any
twist.
Desert-plant, from quite dwarf to somewhat tall, rather
weak ; leaves simply acute, hardly involute along the
margin ; panicle often pale-green or purplish ; spikelets
very numerous, narrow, the lowest flowers fruit-bearing ;
fruit-supporting bract outside laxly beset with minute
hairlets and producing setular denticles between its awns,
the middle awn the longest ; fruit minute, narrow-
ellipsoid, loose within its bracts ; seed transparent.
T. mollis.
ELYTHROPHORUS.
2114. Clusters of spikelets copiously pointed by the minute
setular awns.
Annual, dwarf, erect; leaves flat; spikelets in the clusters
closely crowded, few-flowered, very short but compara-
tively broad ; fruit-bearing flower the lowest ; bracts all
narrow, gradually ending in their minute awn ; fruit-
supporting bract hardly extending beyond the lowest
bracts ; fruit loose within its bracts. E. articulatus.
Victorian Plants. 503
BIFZ.ACKNB.
2115. Spikelets in a single slender spike.
Annual, rather dwarf; leaves very narrow, also rather
short, few on the stem ; spikelets small, apprcssed,
verging somewhat unilaterally in the spike ; flowers few
or several ; fruit-supporting bract very short, three-
streaked, terminated by two minute tender blunt lobes ;
awn quite diminutive ; fruit loose within its bracts.
D. loliiformis.
Spikelets in a contracted panicle.
Perennial, rather tall ; leaves narrow, lax, incurved along
the margin ; panicle elongated, often only simply rami-
fied ; spikelets pale-greenish or somewhat dark-colored,
usually unprovided with stalks of their own ; flowers
from few to several ; fruit-supporting bract transparent,
three-streaked, short-pointed, but only indistinctly or
minutely bilobed ; fruit loose within its bracts.
D. fusca.
DANTHONXA.
2116. Bracts supporting the fruits uncleft, minutely den-
ticulated at the summit, without any tufts of
hairlets.
Swamp-grass, often tall ; leaves almost flat, somewhat
pointed ; panicle elongated, slightly or considerably
spreading ; spikelets capillary-stalked, particularly the
lower in age bending over ; rhacheole beset with short
hairlets ; flowers ten or less ; lowest bracts surpassed by
the others ; awn one only, slightly infra-terminal, twisted
towards the base ; fruit ellipsoid, quite loose within its
bracts when ripe.
(Amphibromus Neesii ) D. nervcsa.
Bracts supporting the fruits cleft into two lobes,
beset with mostly tufted hairlets outside ... ... 2117
2117. Bracts supporting the fruits cleft to near the base.
Desert-grass, rather tall ; stem-base enveloped in a close
whitish vestiture ; leaves almost flat ; panicle contracted,
short-branched ; spikelets rather large, seldom numerous ;
flowers several, hardly reaching beyond the lowest bracts ;
fruit-supporting bracts hardly ever exceeded by their awn,
their tufts of hairlets whitish, arranged in two tranverse
rows, their lobes simply pointed ; awn twisted towards
the base. D. bipartita.
Bracts supporting the fruits cleft to near the middle
or still less divided ... ... 2118
504 Key to the System of
2118. Bracts supporting the fruits cleft to near the middle,
hardly ever exceeded by the awn.
Usually dwarf ; leaves very narrow ; panicle quite short ;
its spikelets almost racemously arranged, rather small ;
flowers few or reduced to three ; lobes of the fruit-
supporting bracts with tufts of seriated whitish hairlets ;
awn delicate. D. carphoides.
Bracts supporting the fruits cleft to less than the
middle, always exceeded by the awn ... ... 2119
2119. Normally quite dwarf, with few usually three-flowered
spikelets.
Alpine grass, sometimes forming patches ; leaves extremely
short and narrow, but rigid ; spikelets small, sometimes
reduced to two, always short-stalked ; lobes of the fruit-
supporting bracts simply pointed or very slightly awned ;
hairlets whitish, hardly tufty, forming two irregular
transverse rows ; awn about twice as long as the lobes,
rather rigid ; anthers hardly longer than broad ; fruit
obovate-ellipsoid. D. pauciflora.
Normally rather tall, with many usually several-
flowered spikelets.
2120. Slightly tufted, with often slender and moderately or
hardly tall stems.
Seldom dwarfed ; leaves generally long, but narrow, often
involute along the margin ; panicle of spikelets short-
branched, moderately or slightly spreading or racemously
narrowed ; lowest bracts nearly always somewhat sur-
passing the others ; tufts of hairlets of the fruit- support-
ing bract whitish, usually arranged in two transverse
interrupted rows ; lowest portion of the middle awn (as in
most congeners) spirally but closely twisted ; lateral awns
variously shorter than the middle one, occasionally almost
undeveloped ; fruit more narrowed towards the base than
towards the summit. D. peiiicillata.
Amply tufted, with often robust and very tall stems.
Alpine grass, very tall and robust, somewhat succulent ;
leaves very long, almost flat, rather broad ; leaf-stalks
laxly clasping; panicle much elongated, somewhat
spreading ; spikelets comparatively large ; flowers few
or several, sometimes extending beyond the lowest bracts;
hairlets of the fruit-supporting bracts whitish, rather
irregularly dispersed or hardly tufted. D. robusta.
Victorian Plants. 505
ARUNDO.
2121. Semi-aquatic, very tall, with ample very soft inflo-
rescence.
Stems renewed annually, very robust and rigid ; leaves very
long, comparatively also of great breadth, harsh ; panicle
iax, partly bending downwards, often somewhat grey-
purplish; spikelets flaccid; flowers few, rather remote
along the rhacheole, almost concealed by the copious but
very tender vestiture, the lowest flower imperfect; bracts
thinly membranous, shining ; fruit -supporting bracts ter-
minating in a straight, weak, awn-like elongation ; fruit
loose within its bracts. " Thatch-Reed."
A. Fhragmites.
RHIZOSPER1YIAE.
2122. Rootlets extensively beset with very subtle fibres.
Fronds succulent, generally somewhat deltoid in outline,
pinnatisected, the segments often slightly distant ; leaf-
like organs crowded on the segments, from almost
rhomboid to nearly obovate, rather turgid ; generative
masses enveloped in a tender membrane ; those of each
sex separate ; caselets containing the numerous antheroids
(Antheridia) largest, often globular ; those containing
the spores often ovate-ellipsoid. (Nourishing often — by
symbiosis — an extremely minute algic organism, always
restricted either to this species or to others of its
congeners). A. pinnata.
Rootlets simply capillary.
Fronds succulent, generally somewhat rhomboid or orbi-
cular in outline, pinnatisected, the segments often closely
approximated ; leaf-like organs crowded on the segments,
from almost rhomboid to nearly obovate, rather turgid;
organs of fecundation similar to those of the foregoing
species. Figure 127. (A. rubra.) A. filiciiloides.
2123. Frond-segments resembling leaflets.
Dwarf, emitting rooting offshoots, glabrous or variously
beset with often ap pressed hairlets ; frond -stalks much
longer than the segments, solitary or two or more together,
very slender ; frond-segments small, frequently cuneate-
506 Key to the System of
rhomboid, occasionally indented; conceptacles oblique,
from dimidiate- to roundish-ovate, when moistened
bursting into two valves ; fruit-masses cylindric-ellipsoid,
alternating on an in-growth almost gelatinous and pro-
truding stalk, very spreading, each containing numerous
caselets with antheroids and besides spore- caselets few
in number with a single spore in each. Figure 128.
"Nardoo." M. quadrifolia.
FXXiUXiARXA.
2124. Fronds stalk-like, coiled during vernation inward.
Quite dwarf ; fronds imperfect, merely filiform, very slender,
gradually pointed ; fruit-masses solitary, hardly stalked,
four-celled, valvular-dehiscent, each cell containing as
well caselets with numerous antheroids as others with
a single spore. P. globulifera.
XSOETXSS.
2125. Fronds stalk-like, straight also during vernation.
Dwarf, always submerged ; tufted, without any offshoots ;
fronds imperfect, succulent, erect or some slightly
spreading, comparatively short, very thinly filiform,
gradually pointed, seldom numerous ; fruit-masses in-
serted into the inner base of fronds, provided with trans-
verse dissepiments ; caselets with numerous antheroids on
the inner fronds, caselets with several spores on the outer
fronds. I. Drummondi..
LYCOPODINAE.
FHYZiXiOGSiOSSUM.
2126. Leaves (or leaf-like organs) several, linear, often about
half as long as the stem.
Very dwarf ; generally of a pale-yellowish hue ; tubers two,
one formed annually, small, obversely ellipsoid-clavate,
accompanied by one or two or few thickish rootlets ;
stem solitary, erect, comparatively thick ; leaf-like organs
rather carnulent, gradually somewhat pointed ; spike
always one only, cylindric- or ovate-ellipsoid ; bracts
appressed, somewhat rigid, roundish, at the base pro-
truding, ending in a narrow but blunt apex ; spore-
caselets firm, renate - orbicular, vertically dehiscent}
spores extremely minute. Figure 131.
F. Drummondi..
Victorian Plants.
SELAOINELLA,
2127. Annual.
Minute, erect ; branches few or occasionally none ; leaf-like
organs all uniform, opposite, spreading, extremely short,
mostly linear-lanceolar, pointed, hardly crowded, their
carinular venule faint ; spikes singly terminating branch-
lets, but often extending far downward ; bracts ovate-
lanceolar, spreading ; lower spore-caselets of greater size,,
containing large spores normally to the number of four.
S. Preissiana.
Perennial.
Dwarf, erect or ascending ; branches seldom numerous ;
leaf -like organs all uniform, opposite or nearly so, quite
small, spreading in four rows, mostly ovate-lanceolary
their carinular venule prominent ; spikes terminating,
branchlets, rather elongated, somewhat quadrangular ;.
bracts lanceolar-ovate, pointed, protruding at the base ;.
lower spore-caselets of greater size, containing large
spores normally to the number of four. S. uliginosa.
LYCOFODIUB1.
2128. Leaves of two forms, each kind biseriate.
Alpine, dwarf, partly creeping ; branches ascending, some-
what flattened ; leaves small, slightly decurrent, in two-
layers, the larger almost semilanceolar, somewhat in-
curved, the smaller leaves stipule-like, quite narrow,,
occupying the lower side of the stem and branches,,
appressed in a direction parallel to that of the larger
leaves, blunt or somewhat acute, very thin upwards ;
spikes ellipsoid - cylindrical, terminal, often solitary,
nearly or quite sessile ; bracts in four rows, almost
rhomboid, often blunt and sometimes minutely append! -
culated ; spore-caselets renate-orbicular.
L. scariosum.
Leaves all of one form, equally crowded all around
the stem and branches ... ... ... ... 2129s
2129. Spikes lateral.
Often creeping at its lower portion, thence ascending or
erect, scantily branched ; leaves small, linear, gradually
pointed, spreading, generally somewhat incurved ; spikes
solitary, sessile, almost ellipsoid-cylindrical, somewhat
tetragonous; bracts appressed, pale-yellowish, finally
brownish, roundish, but short-pointed, forming four rows ;
spore-caselets renate. L. laterale.
Spikes terminal ... ... ... ... ... 2130
508 Key to the System of
2130. Leaves very dissimilar to the bracts ... ... ... 2131
Leaves quite similar to the bracts or the transit
gradual ... ... ... ... ... 2132
2131. Leaves of all the branches almost equal in size.
Rather tall, almost entirely erect, towards the base usually
branchless, towards the summit often much branched ;
leaves small, rather appressed, narrow-lanceolar, gradually
narrowed into a short-pointed apex ; spikes almost cylin-
drical, singly terminating the highest branchlets ; bracts
very thin, somewhat spreading particularly their upper
end, from a broad base gradually short-pointed ; spore-
caselets almost renate. 1. densum.
Leaves of the fruit-bearing branches much smaller
than those of the other branches.
Here alpine, partly creeping, thence ascending or erect;
leaves small, crowded, from narrow lanceolar to almost
linear, ending in a conspicuous bristlet, spreading but
slightly incurved, turning somewhat to one side on the
lower portion of the plant ; fruit-bearing branches elon-
gated, straight, slender, terminating in very short
branchlets; spikes terminal, often in pairs, occasionally
three or more together or one only, thin- cylindrical ;
bracts appressed, from a broad base gradually narrowed,
often setular- and spreading -pointed ; spore -caselets
renate, pale-yellow. " Medicinal Clubmoss."
(L. Magellanicum. ) L. clavatnm.
2132. Short and generally erect.
Chiefly alpine, tufted, robust, often dichotomously few-
branched ; leaves rather large, firm, lanceolate-linear,
mostly appressed ; spikes terminal, leafy, solitary ; bracts
all leaf -like ; spore-caselets almost renate, pale-yellowish.
Figure 130. (Passing into the following.) L. selago.
Long and generally pendent.
Chiefly on stems of fern-trees, robust, distantly or hardly
branched ; leaves rather large, firm, lanceolate-linear,
mostly spreading, simply acute or rather blunt; spikes
stalkless, often elongated, solitary or two or three to-
gether ; bracts in four rows, either leaf -like or the upper
gradually much shortened and then closely appressed ;
spore-caselets almost renate, pale-yellowish.
L. variuni.
Victorian Plants.
T1TCESIFTERIS,
2133. Leaves comparatively large, placed vertically.
Chiefly on stems of fern-trees ; stem branchless, from quite
short to rather long, often bending downward ; leaves
of thin texture, nearly transparent, from obovate- to
lanceolar-elliptical, flat, somewhat decurrent, without any
denticulation, inequilateral, often ending in a setule ;
their carinular venule very distinct ; segments of the
fruit-supporting leaves similar to the simple leaves, but
rather smaller, far extending beyond the fruit ; spore-
caselet formed by the concrescence of two or rarely three,
fixed to the sinus of the bracteal leaves, much broader
than long, somewhat indurating, soon pale-brownish,
opening vertically ; spores extremely minute. Figure 129.
T. Tanneusis.
FILICES.
(Ferns.)
OPKIOGZ.OSSUBX.
2134. Frond placed far above the base of the stem, but at a
distance also from the spike.
Dwarf, sometimes quite minute ; frond near or below the
middle of the stem, firm, from lanceolate-linear to ovate,
sessile, flat ; spike narrow, somewhat pointed ; spore -
caselets from few to numerous, depressed -globular.
(0. Lusitanicum.) O. vulgatum.
BOTRirCHXUXK.
2135. Sterile frond sessile, simply pinnate.
Here alpine, always quite dwarf ; vernation folded but
straight ; sterile frond sessile about the middle of the
stem ; segments mostly flabellate-rhomboid or somewhat
crescent-shaped, often bluntly denticulated in front,
seldom incised or somewhat fruit-bearing ; fertile frond
simply or doubly pinnate, its segments unilaterally quite
occupied by the almost globular spore-caselets.
B. Lunaria.
Sterile frond long-stalked, ternately and pinnately
much divided.
Rather dwarf ; primary divisions of the sterile frond often
almost deltoid in outline, repeatedly pinnate-dissected,
each short-stalked, firm throughout ; fertile frond also
on a long stalk, rhomboid or deltoid in contour, much
pinnately divided ; ultimate segments or lobes small,
mostly ovate and indented ; spore-caselets almost globular.
B. ternatum.
510 Key to the System of
SCKIZAEA.
2136. Stalk of the fertile fronds undivided, filiform, slightly
channelled.
Vernation coiled-involute ; sterile fronds simple, very nar-
row ; stalk of the fertile frond very slender, stemlike ;
pinna one only, dense, short, somewhat recurved ; spore-
caselets in two rows, ovate-ellipsoid, their terminal ring
comparatively broad, transversely furrowed.
S. fistulosa.
Stalk of the fertile fronds once, twice or oftener
divided into linear rather flat segments.
Sterile frond simple or bifid or dichotomously divided into
linear segments ; fertile frond with a terminal dense short
somewhat recurved pinna to each segment, its primary
stalk elongated ; spore-caselets ovate -ellipsoid, in two
rows, their terminal ring comparatively broad, trans-
versely furrowed. Figure 132.
(S. dichotoma partly. ) S. bifida,
GXiEXCHENXA.
2137. Segments of the pinnas by deep division formed into
pinnules ... 2138
Segments of the pinnas quite undivided ... ... 213
2138. Segments of the pinnules almost flat or somewhat
recurved at the margin.
Often of intricate growth, rarely dwarfed ; root (or root-
stock) much creeping ; stems scattered, slender ; pinnules
linear, developed additionally also along the short portions
of the ramification below each pair of the main-pinnas ;
segments of pinnules roundish or semi-ovate or deltoid-
ovate, rather firm, paler and often greyish beneath ; fruit-
caselets three or four, seldom more or only two, almost
globular, generally pale-yellowish. Figure 136.
G. circiuata.
Segments of the pinnules with only a small opening
at the lower side from broad marginal recurvature.
Ascending to alpine elevations and there often dwarfed, also
particularly then beset with a brownish somewhat scaly
vestiture ; root much creeping ; stems scattered, slender ;
Victorian Plants.
segments of pinnas very firm, almost orbicular or quadrate-
roundish, blunt-edged from the broad and close recurva-
tion of their margin ; spore- caselets two or three or seldom
more or one only, almost globular, pale-yellowish or
turning light-brownish. G. dicarpa.
2139. Short ramification below each pair of pinnas also
beset with pinnules.
In miniature somewhat of a palm-like aspect ; stems
scattered ; fronds of rather tender texture ; pinnas
crowded, lanceolar in outline, their segments broad-
linear, flat, all except the uppermost quite separated
down to the rhachis, entire or towards the summit
slightly denticulated, paler green or seldom grey
beneath ; spore -caselets nearly globular, often four or
five, occasionally three or six, hardly contracted towards
the base. G. flabellata.
Short ramification below each pair of pinnas bare
except at the base.
Stems scattered ; fronds of rather tender texture ; pinnas
lanceolar in outline, but generally truncate at the base,
their segments semilanceolar- or broad-linear, often flat,
greyish beneath, all except the uppermost separated
almost down to the rhachis, never denticulated ; the
solitary pair of pinnas at the base of the ramifications
diminutive ; spore-caselets nearly globular, but conspicu-
ously contracted towards the base, several or sometimes
many, seldom few. G. Hermann!.
OSIKUNDA.
2140. Trunk finally tall and enormously broad, always of
irregular form.
Trunk at advanced age very ponderous, bearing many tufts
of fronds ; stalks rigid, of conspicuous length ; fronds
large, occasionally very long, always doubly pinnate,
of very firm texture ; segments of the pinnules mostly
elongate- or narrow-semilanceolar and towards the summit
denticulated ; spore-caselets occupying the under-side of
the lower segments either fully or only towards the -base,
closely crowded into generally somewhat elliptical and
often confluent masses, dark-brown, almost globular, on
very short stalklets. Figure 137. "The Square-Fern,"
(Todea Africana.) O. barbara.
512 Key to the System of
ALSOPHILA.
2141. Trunk tall, but comparatively slender.
Tree-fern, occupying forest ridges ; trunk of hard texture
almost throughout ; frond-stalks prickly-rough, the base
of the stalks of decayed fronds for a long while persistent ;
fronds extremely large, and particularly broad, bi- or tri-
pinnate ; main-rhachis usually pale -brownish ; pinnules
mostly elongate-semilanceolar, gradually much narrowed
into the acute apex, beneath somewhat greyish, divided
towards the base into usually oblique -semilanceolar seg-
ments, towards the summit into lobes of more deltoid form;
divisions entire or slightly denticulated ; receptacle of fruit-
masses beset with minute hairlets ; spore-caselets almost
obovate-ellipsoid, their ring jointed, as also in all the now
following ferns. Figure 138. " Slender Fern-tree."
A. australis.
CYATHEA.
2142. Trunk very slender.
Tall, sometimes very much so ; frond-stalks light-colored
and rough, those of decayed fronds completely seceding,
leaving clear scars ; fronds very large, of rather thin
texture, bi- or tri-pinnate ; segments of the pinnules
obliquely and often narrowly semi-lanceolar or semi-
elliptical, rather conspicuously denticulated or quite
indented, the terminal segments confluent ; fruit-masses
sparse, roundish ; cover very tender, surrounding only the
lower portion of the fruit-masses even in their young
state, without any terminal closure ; ring of spore-
caselets imperfect. Figure 135. C. Cunningham.!.
DXCK.SONXA.
2143. Trunk tall and robust.
Tree-fern, occupying irrigated valleys ; trunk externally
much of soft texture, rough-fibrously coated ; frond -stalks
almost smooth ; fronds extremely large, rigid, bi- or tri-
pinnate, beneath paler green ; main-rhachis often greenish ;
middle pinnas gradually longest ; pinnules mostly elongate-
semi-lanceolar in outline, their segments only about twice
as long as broad or often still shorter, towards their sum-
mit sharply denticulated ; outer valve of the fruit-masses
rather firm, greenish, partly formed by a lobe of the seg-
ment of the pinnule, semi-globular, deeply hollowed ;
inner valve quite membranous, at first lid-like covering
the outer; spore-caselets provided with an imperfect ring.
Figure 139. " Stout Fern-tree."
(D. antarctica.) D. Billardierii.
Victorian Plants. 513
CXXEXXjANTHXSS.
2144. Beset with a velvet-like often brownish vestiture.
Always dwarf ; indument sometimes greyish, occasionally
lanuginous ; fronds imperfectly bi-pinnate, their vestiture
less copious on the upper side ; pinnules mostly semi-
elliptical in outline, the lower deeply divided ; segments
or lobes blunt. C. vellea.
Beset with mostly scattered hairlets or narrow scale-
lets or almost glabrous ... ... ... 2145
2145. Length of fronds several times exceeding their breadth.
Always dwarf ; vestiture colorless or slightly brownish ;
fronds imperfectly bi-pinnate, narrow in outline ; lowest
pinnas about as large as the others, many rather rhomboid
or even somewhat deltoid in contour, only the upper
pinnas closely approximated, but all sessile ; pinnules or
lobes blunt. Figure 143. C. distans.
Length of fronds from hardly to trebly exceeding their
breadth.
Never tall, sometimes much -dwarfed ; fronds bi- or tri-
pinnate, rather rigid, from almost semi-lanceolar to nearly
deltoid in outline ; lowest pinnas evidently larger than the
others and often somewhat stalked ; ultimate pinnules
mostly small, from slightly to deeply lobed, often some-
what recurved at the margin and irregularly crisped,
without any acute denticulation. Figure 144.
C. tennifolia.
GRABiaXXTXS.
2146. Perennial, tufty, beset with brownish vestiture.
Dwarf ; indument "often copious, consisting of tender some-
times glandule-bearing hairlets ; fronds simply pinnate,
flaccid ; pinnas or segments short, mostly sessile, from
ovate-cuneate to almost rhomboid, often oblique, usually
blunt, either few-lobed or but slightly incised or indented,
the lower sometimes deeply cleft ; spore-caselets stalked.
Figure 152. G. rutifolia.
Annual, minute, pellucidly membranous, glabrous.
Very delicate, often single-stemmed ; fronds simply or doubly
pinnate, the basal fronds occasionally single and without
any deep incisions, usually sterile ; pinnas flat, mostly
short-stalked, from flabellular to cuneate-rhomboid, few-
lobed or anteriority blunt, denticulated ; fruit-masses
often single in the direction of each principal frond-lobe;
•pore-caselets on very thin stalklets. G. leptophylla.
2 L
514 Key to the System of
POX.YPO3DXUBX.
2147. Fronds mainly beset with appressed roundish cilio-
lated scalelets.
Chiefly on trunks of fern-trees, dwarf ; root-stock much
creeping ; rootlets copious ; fronds scattered, stalked, of
very thick texture, entire ; sterile fronds often quite
short, from orbicular- or rhomboid -obovate to elliptical-
spatular ; fertile fronds somewhat elongated, from
narrow-elliptical to broad-linear ; vestiture appressed,
shining, greyish or brownish, occupying closely the under-
side of the fronds ; venules concealed ; fruit-masses large,
occasionally oval, rather crowded or even merging into
each other. P. serpens.
Fronds glabrous or mainly beset with short spreading
hairlets 2148
2148. Fronds all entire.
Chiefly on trunks of fern-trees, dwarf, sometimes quite
minute ; fronds tufted, short-stalked, firm, exceptionally
somewhat bisected, from narrowly lanceolar-elliptical to
broad-linear, gradually attenuated towards the base ;
venules all diverging ; fruit -masses large, from oval- to
linear-elliptical, biseriate. P. Australe.
Fronds all or mostly divided 2149
2149. Fronds quite small.
Chiefly on the trunks of fern-trees, tufted; fronds firm,
mostly simply pinnatisected, seldom any undivided,
much decurrent at their stalk-like base, the segments
from narrow-semilanceolar to broad-linear, almost serrate ;
longest towards the middle of the frond ; venules
all diverging ; fruit masses from oval to orbicular.
P. grammitidis.
Fronds comparatively or quite large ... ... 2150
2150. Fronds of firm texture.
Chiefly on stems and branches of trees and also on trunks of
arborescent ferns ; root-stock widely creeping, with
numerous rootlets ; fronds pinnatifid or some undivided,
slightly flexuous, very shining, their lobes often seini-
lanceolar and generally few only, sometimes long, rarely
again divided ; venulation rather prominent, reticular ;
fruit-masses orbicular, comparatively large, distant,
biseriate, their receptacles protruding on the surface of
the frond. Figure 151. P. pustulatum.
Victorian Plants. 515
Fronds of membranous texture ... ... 2151
2151. Fronds simply pinnatilobed or some entire.
Perceptibly fragrant, chiefly on stems and branches of trees,
also on trunks of arborescent ferns ; root-stock widely
creeping ; fronds much decurrent along the stalk, th«ir
lobes often semi-lanceolar and generally few only, seldom
much elongated ; venulation hardly prominent, reticular ;
fruit-masses orbicular, distant, biseriate.
P. scandens.
Fronds repeatedly pinnate.
Tall ; root-stock creeping ; fronds very long and also of ample
breadth, mostly tri-pinnate, much beset with short often
glandule-bearing hairlets, usually rather membranous, but
occasionally also somewhat rigid, broadest towards the
base ; stalk somewhat rough ; ultimate pinnules almost
semi-elliptical, from deeply to slightly but always bluntly
lobed, often reflexed at the margin ; fruit-masses rather
small, often approaching towards the middle of the pin-
nule, though singly near a sinus, occasionally somewhat
concealed under a recurved lobule, sometimes almost
confluent ; spore-caselets on conspicuous stalklets.
F. puuctatum.
HYFOLEFIS,
2152. Fruit-masses placed basally each into a sinus of the
ultimate frond-lobes.
Tall ; root-stock creeping ; frond long and of ample breadth,
mostly rather flaccid, tri-pinnate, somewhat beset with
very short hairlets ; ultimate pinnules or segments almost
semi-lanceolar, from deeply to slightly lobed ; fruit-masses
strictly marginal, never reaching towards the middle of
the pinnule ; fruit-cover somewhat renate, only at and
towards its upper margin membranous ; spore-caselets on
conspicuous stalklets. H. tenuifolia.
DAVALLIA.
2153. Length of the fruit-cover much greater than its
breadth.
Hardly tall; root -stock far - creeping ; frond very firm,
generally somewhat deltoid in outline, glabrous, bi- or tri-
pinnate ; pinnules or segments indented or pinnatifid,
gradually much narrowed upwards, the ultimate lobes
often excised at the upper end ; cover of fruit-masses
longitudinally adnate, thus only terminally open, hemi-
ellipsoid, denticularly overreached by their pertaining
lobes ; spore-caselets on conspicuous stalklets.
D. pyxidata.
516 Key to the System of
Length and breadth of the fruit-cover about the same 2154
2154. Fronds firm, almost rigid.
Tall, chiefly on outskirts of forests or riparian ; fronds large,
pale-green or even of a slightly yellowish green, generally
thrice pinnate, somewhat beset with very short hairlets ;
pinnules upwards gradually much narrowed ; segments
almost semi-lanceolar, deeply lobed towards their base ;
cover of fruit-masses very small, also laterally open, some-
times partly concealed by recurvation of the nearest lobule
of the frond ; spore caselets on conspicuous stalklets.
Figure 140. (Dicksonia dubia.) D. dubia.
Fronds tender, flaccidly membranous.
Tall, restricted to umbrageous irrigated forest-valleys ; root-
stock creeping ; fronds large, dark-green, repeatedly
pinnate, slightly beset with hairlets ; pinnules elongate-
semilanceolar in outline, much narrowed into the apex,
their segments somewhat elliptical- or rhomboid-ovate,
deeply incised, rather oblique, most of the lobules slightly
indented, the lowest of the anterior lobules protracted ;
fruit-covers very small, nearly hemispherical, almost
exserted ; spore-caselets very minute, provided with stalk-
lets. (Dicksonia davallioides. ) D. dicksonioides,
ADXANTUBX.
2155. Densely beset with short hairlets.
Dwarf, tufted ; vestiture slightly rough ; stalks and rhaches
very dark and shining ; fronds consisting of but few pinnas,
these dark-green, almost fascicularly crowded, all verging
upwards and short-stalked, very narrow in outline, the
outer the smallest ; segments small, often numerous, nearly
sessile, rather rigid, finely streaked, mostly semiorbicular-
rhomboid, somewhat dimidiated, bluntly denticulated
along the upper margin ; fruit-masses in close approach
to each other ; fruit-cover orbicular-renate, externally
prominent. A, hispiduluni.
Glabrous or scantily beset with bristlets ... ... 2156
2156. Frond-segments roundish-rhomboid, on conspicuous
stalklets.
Rather dwarf ; fronds repeatedly pinnate ; stalk and rhaches
very dark and shining ; segments thin, light-green, rather
irregularly dispersed, nearly always few only on the
ultimate pinnas, in front often slightly incised, at the base
truncate or somewhat cuneate ; fruit-cover circular-
renate, retracted. Figure 142. "Maidenhair-Fern."
A. Aethiopicum.
Victorian Plants. 517
Frond-segments dimidiate-rhomboid, almost sessile ... 2157
2157. Cover of fruit-masses elliptic-renate, placed on the
denticles, thus almost exserted.
Tall ; fronds quite large, repeatedly pinnate, almost deltoid
in outline ; stalk and rhaches very dark and shining,
somewhat rough ; rhaches of the ultimate pinnules beset
with minute hairlets ; segments thin, numerous, alterna-
ting, regularly bi-seriated, slightly indented along the
upper margin ; venulation close, dichotomous.
A. formostiin.
Cover of fruit-masses broad-renate, placed between
the denticles, thus almost retracted.
Dwarf; very scantily beset with bristlets, otherwise glabrous;
stalk and rhaches very dark and shining ; fronds generally
consisting of few crowded pinnas only ; segments very thin,
closely alternating, usually blunt, regularly biseriated, in
front shortly indented ; fruit-covers overtopped by the
denticles of the segments. A. diapliamim.
LINDSAYA.
2158. Fronds very narrow in outline, simply pinnate.
Dwarf ; root-stock creeping ; rootlets rather copious ; stalks
very thin, as well as the rhaches dark and shining ; some
of the fronds sterile ; segments quite small, mostly
opposite, sessile, from cuneate to rhomboid and flabellular,
often inequilateral ; fruit-cover narrow, extending along
the terminal margin of the frond -segments ; spore-caselets
on conspicuous stalklets. Figure 141. 3J. linearis.
PTERIS.
2159. Fronds simply pinnate or imperfectly bipinnate ... 2160
Fronds repeatedly pinnate ... ... ... ... 2162
2160. Frond-segments decurrent and adnate at the base.
Tall; fronds rather membranous, dark-green, often bi-pinnate
in its lower portion ; segments very long, from linear- to
narrow-lanceolar, mostly opposite, very acute, the upper
half of each narrowed at the base quite to the carinular
line, minutely serrulated towards the summit ; lateral
venules almost parallel-spreading; spore-caselets placed
on a filiform-linear axis. P. nmbrosa.
Fronds segments truncate and free at the base ... 2161
518 Key to the System of
2161. Frond-segments flaccid, hardly paler beneath.
Seldom quite tall, occasionally dwarfed ; fronds almost
lanceolar in outline, simply pinnate ; segments sessile,
from a broad base mostly linear-lanceolar, rather acute,
their base sometimes rather rounded or even slightly
bi-lobed, the terminal segment much elongated ; lateral
venules very divergent, almost parallel ; spore-caselets
placed on a filiform-linear axis. P. longif olia.
Frond-segments firm, much paler beneath.
Rather dwarf ; fronds almost lanceolar in outline, simply
pinnate ; rhachis as well as the stalk dark- colored and
beset with rigid hairlets or narrow scalelets ; segments
sessile, nearly semi-lanceolar, often entire and slightly
curved upwards, exceptionally at the base bluntly bi-
lobed and also throughout more dilated, always beneath
greyish-green and without any lustre ; venules concealed ;
fruit-cover very narrow; spore-caselets occupying a broad-
linear space intra-marginally, arising from the upper
portion of venules. (Pellaea falcata.) Figure 145.
F. falcata.
2162. Fronds rigid.
Often very tall; root -stock far - creeping ; fronds ample,
broadest towards the base ; segments rather distant and
unequal, mostly broad-linear and blunt, somewhat de-
current, the terminal segment more elongated, some of
the lateral segments much abbreviated, all rather convex
and transversely impressed -streaked above, at the margin
recurved, beneath often ,beset with hairlets ; spore-
caselets placed on a filiform -linear axis. " Brake-fern. "
P. aquilina.
Fronds flaccid ... *.. 2163
2163. Segments of pinnules narrow-lobed.
Rather tall, glabrous ; fronds ample ; rhaches as well as the
stalk rather pale and slight-yellowish, but occasionally
dark -brown, smooth ; segments rather approximated,
from lanceolar- to broad-linear, blunt, confluent at the
base, serrulated towards the summit, the terminal
segment somewhat elongated ; venules diverging ; spore-
caselets placed on a filiform-linear axis. P. arguta.
Segments of pinnules broad-lobed 2164
Victorian Plants. 519
2164. Fronds much paler beneath.
Tall, glabrous ; root-stock widely creeping ; stemlike stalks
scattered ; fronds very ample, pale- or greyish-green,
without any lustre ; segments mostly semi- elliptical,
without any denticulation, confluent at the base, the
uppermost segments gradually passing into the attenuated
short-lobed end of the pinnule ; venules scarcely or im-
perfectly reticulating ; spore-caselets placed on a filiform-
linear axis. P, incisa.
Fronds hardly paler beneath.
Tall, sometimes slightly beset with minute hairlets ; fronds
very ample, dark-green ; upper pinnules somewhat
decurrent; segments from semi-elliptical to semi-lanceolar,
confluent at the base, often denticulated at the summit ;
venules completely reticulating ; spore-caselets placed
on a filiform-linear axis. P. co mans .
X.01KARIA.
2165. Fronds all or some undivided.
Seldom tall; frond -stalks short; sterile fronds or their seg-
ments narrowly elongated -lanceolar, rigid, shining, dark-
green, entire or slightly denticulated, pointed at the
summit ; fertile fronds or their segments broad-linear,
also rigid, rather acute ; segments of neither kind of frond
numerous. L. Fatersoni.
2166. Fronds rather flaccid ... ... ... ... ... 2167
Fronds rather firm or quite rigid ... ... ... 2168
2167. Fronds extensively pinnate.
Often rather dwarf, scantily beset with pointed narrow
scalelets ; fronds rather narrow in proportion to their
length, short-stalked, hardly paler beneath, pinnate in
their lower portion, pinnatisected in the upper ; segments
of the sterile fronds membranous, from almost oval to
elliptical, the lowest segments gradually much abbreviated;
segments of the fertile fronds mostly linear-elliptical.
L. fluviatilis.
Fronds pinnatisected throughout.
Rather dwarf, glabrous, sometimes forming a very short
trunk ; fronds lanceolar in outline, somewhat membranous,
hardly paler beneath ; segments of the sterile fronds
mostly semi-lanceolar, adnate at the base, rather pointed,
hardly denticulated, conspicuously venular-streaked, the
lowest shortened to a roundish or even semi-orbicular
form ; segments of the fertile fronds broad-linear.
L. lanceolata.
520 Key to the System of
2168. Dwarf.
Alpine, glabrous ; rootstock creeping ; fronds small, few in
each tuft ; sterile fronds rather short-stalked ; fertile
fronds long-stalked, the segments of either almost semi-
elliptical or the fruit-bearing somewhat narrower ; fruit-
cover comparatively broad. Figure 146. L. alpina.
Tall
2169. Fronds very much paler underneath.
Rather tall, sometimes forming a short trunk ; fronds large,
on conspicuous blackish stalks, lanceolar in outline,
glabrous, placed circularly, exceptionally bi-pinnatisected ;
rhachis dark-colored ; segments of the sterile fronds
narrowly semi-lanceolar, entire, adnate at the base and
mostly somewhat confluent ; venules subtile ; segments of
the fertile fronds lanceolate- or broad-linear ; spores
dark-brown or almost blackish. L. discolor.
Fronds slightly paler underneath.
Often very tall, sometimes forming a very short trunk ;
fronds conspicuously stalked, somewhat semi-lanceolar in
outline, scantly beset with narrow pointed scalelets ; seg-
ments of the sterile fronds often much elongated, from
almost elliptical to narrowly semi-lanceolar, shining,
nearly or quite sessile, free at the base and there truncate
or slightly bi-lobed, lowest segments seldom much abbre-
viated, all prominently and closely venular-streaked,
minutely serrulated ; segments of the fertile fronds rather
long, broad linear. L. Capensis.
BLECHNUM.
2170. Fronds pinnatisected, the bases of the segments mostly
confluent.
Often on outskirts of forest ; fronds rather firm, light-
green, somewhat lanceolar in outline ; segments numerous,
narrow- and elongate-semilanceolar, quite flat, with broad
base adnate except the lowest, transversely venular-
streaked, very minutely serrulated ; spore-caselets on
conspicuous stalklets. Figure 147.
B. cartilagineum.
WOODWARDIA.
2171. Fronds throughout pinnatisected.
Tufted, rather rigid, sometimes forming a short trunk ;
fronds lanceolar in outline, their stalk as well as the
rhachis rough ; segments firm, sharply denticulated, the
Victorian Plants. 521
middle elliptic -semilanceolar, all adnate at the base or
exceptionally the lowest free beyond the point of attach-
ment ; fruit-cover very small, somewhat curved.
(Doodia aspera.) W. aspera.
Fronds pinnate in their lower portion.
Tufted, never tall, occasionally somewhat prostrate ; fronds
often narrow-lanceolar in outline, pinnatisected in their
upper portion, much protracted and undivided at the
summit ; their stalk and rhachis dark-colored, hardly
rough ; segments minutely denticulated, the middle
narrowly elliptic-semilanceolar, the lower free at the
base, exceptionally some three-lobed ; fruit-covers con-
spicuous, but never long, slightly curved. Figure 148.
(Doodia caudata.) W. caudata.
ASFXiENXtrilX.
2172. Fronds undivided.
Tufted ; fronds very large and firm, somewhat circularly
arranged, almost sessile, from elliptic- to broad -lanceolar,
pointed, shining, quite entire, glabrous, the keel mostly
black ; the lateral venules in close approach to each other,
parallel, the peripheric venule almost contiguous to the
margin of the frond ; fruit-masses very long, but narrow,
closely parallel, opening upwards, approaching the median
line of the frond, but remaining distant from its margin ;
spore -caselets on conspicuous stalklets. " Birdsnest-
Fern." A. Nidus.
Fronds divided .. .. ... ... 2173
2173. Fronds doubly or repeatedly pinnate ... 2174
Fronds simply pinnate ... ... 2178
2174. Frond-segments streaked by prominent venules.
Tufted, rigid ; fronds on rather long stalks, firm, bi-pinnate
when well developed, almost semi-lanceolar in outline;
pinnas nearly all opposite, much pointed at the summit;
segments sessile, from rhomboid- to linear-cuneate, irregu-
larly incised, partly confluent, acutely denticulated in
front, considerably paler beneath and there often beset
with hairlets; venules dichotomously longitudinal, the
carinular venule hardly more prominent than the others ;
spore-caselets provided with stalklets. A. furcatum.
Frond-segments traversed by subtile venules ... 2175
522 Key to the System of
2175. Cover of fruit-masses tumid.
Tall, finally developing a real though never tall trunk ;
fronds long-stalked, flaccid, sometimes very large, re-
peatedly pinnate, somewhat deltoid in outline ; segments
almost ovate-semilanceolar, the upper confluent, slightly
or distinctly denticulated, occasionally incised ; fruit-
masses rather short ; fruit-cover almost ellipsoid, at first
closed by its margin meeting from each side contiguously
beneath, soon anteriorely but often irregularly dehiscent.
A. umbrosum.
Cover of fruit-masses depressed
2176. Comparatively dwarf.
Sub-alpine, tufted ; fronds small, on slender stalks, firm,
bi-pinnate when well developed ; segments often somewhat
scattered, from roundish- to ovate-rhomboid or occasionally
cuneate, oblique, mostly very narrowed at the base, incised
or indented in front; fruit -masses seldom more than three
to any of the segments. A. Hookerianum.
Comparatively tall
2177. Fruit-masses almost marginal.
Often on trunks of fern-trees, somewhat pendent ; fronds
of very thick texture, even sometimes almost carnulent,
often only imperfectly bi-pinnate ; pinnules elongated,
much narrowed upwards ; lobes of segments from lanceo-
late-linear to semi-lanceolar, the lower slightly distant,
the upper confluent ; fruit-masses broadish ; spore-case-
lets on conspicuous stalklets. A, flacciduni,
Fruit-masses quite dorsal.
Somewhat beset with pointed narrow scalelets ; fronds
rather flaccid, bi-pinnate, often generating proliferously
some young plants from near the summit ; pinnas mostly
alternate, almost semi-lanceolar in outline, pointed ;
segments from rhomboid- to elliptic-ovate, somewhat
decurrent, indented ; fruit-masses rather broadish.
A. bulbiferum.
2178. Segments of fronds quite long.
Usually also here a coast-fern, robust but never tall, occa-
sionally quite dwarfed ; fronds conspicuously stalked, of
very thick texture, almost lanceolar in outline ; segments
elliptic- or lanceolar-ovate, slightly acute or oftener blunt,
rather obtusely denticulated, seldom somewhat incised,
very narrowed only at the base, occasionally reduced to
very few ; fruit-masses comparatively large and often
especially long. A. marinuni.
Victorian Plants. 523
Segments of fronds quite short ... ... 2179
2179. Flaccid, the frond-segments membranous.
Small and weak, mostly prostrate, at least the lower portion ;
fronds very narrow ; rhachis filiform-elongated towards
the summit, there much beyond the segments bare and
often very flexuous ; segments short, from roundish- to
semiorbicular-rhomboid, usually in rather distant pairs
or some scattered, always denticulated in front, seldom
deeply lobed ; fruit-masses few or several to any of the
segments. Figure 149. A, flabellif olium.
Eigid, the frond-segments firm.
Tufted; fronds very narrow, their rhachis very slender,
blackish and shining as well as the stem ; segments usually
from elliptic- to orbicular-ovate, bluntly denticulated,
mostly opposite, always sessile, occasionally minute ;
fruit-masses rather crowded. A. Trich.oman.es.
ASFXDXUJK.
2180. Fronds simply pinnate.
Tall, beset with short soft hairlets ; fronds long-stalked,
membranous, broad -lanceolar in outline ; segments
elongate-semilanceolar, often almost pinnatifid, nearly
truncate at the base, much narrowed at the summit, the
lobes blunt and entire ; fruit-masses generally biseriate
from any of the lobes to the carinular line of the segments ;
fruit- cover renate. A. molle.
Fronds doubly or repeatedly pinnate ... ... 2181
2181. Fronds often doubly pinnate.
Tall, particularly very much so in subalpine regions ; fronds
circularly crowded, almost lanceolar in outline, quite
rigid, rather often proliferous at the summit, their stem and
rhachis generally much beset with shining pointed narrow
often dark-brown scalelets ; pinnas almost semi-lanceolar
in contour, very acute ; segments generally small, from
rhomboid- to ovate-lanceolar, somewhat oblique, irregu-
larly and often deeply and always sharply serrated ;
fruit-cover orbicular, occasionally quite undeveloped.
A. aculeatum.
Fronds often repeatedly pinnate ... ... ... 2182
524 Key to the System of
2182. Somewhat beset with bristlets.
Rather dwarf; root-stock creeping ; rootlets copious ; frond-
stalks scattered ; fronds almost deltoid in outline, firm ;
bristlets much dispersed, spreading, developed particu-
larly on the frond-stalk and rhachis, often black ; pinnas
nearly semi-lanceolar or the lowest more deltoid, all much
pointed ; segments- from elliptic- to linear-lanceolar,
sharply serrated or partly incised; fruit-cover almost
orbicular. A. hispidum.
CUabrous or beset with soft hairlets ... ... 2183
2183. Fronds of thick texture.
Chiefly on trunks of fern-trees, usually rather tall, but occa-
sionally dwarfed ; root-stock creeping, much elongated ;
frond-stalks scattered ; fronds almost deltoid in outline,
sometimes only bi-pinnate, their stalks rough, scalelets
occurring mainly on the stalk and rhachis ; segments
comparatively large, mostly elliptic-lanceolar, bluntly
denticulated ; fruit-cover orbicular, rather large, early
seceding ; spores generally dark-colored. Figure 150.
A. Capeuse.
Fronds of thin texture 2184
2184. Fruit-masses distant from the margin of the frond-
segments.
Tall ; root-stock creeping, rather abbreviated ; fronds long-
stalked, somewhat firm, dark -green on both sides, nearly
glabrous, rather shining, often almost deltoid in outline,
sometimes only bi-pinnate ; segments somewhat decurrent,
rather semi-lanceolar or slightly rhomboid, the upper con-
fluent, all irregularly and sharply denticulated or to
some extent incised ; divisions of venules generally few ;
fruit-cover quite small, orbicular-renate, frequently un-
developed. A. deconipositum.
Fruit-masses near the margin of the frond-segments.
Root-stock creeping, much elongated ; fronds large, long-
stalked, almost membranous, much beset with subtile
hairlets ; the lower pinnas the longest ; segments rather
acutely denticulated and partly incised ; divisions of
venules generally several ; fruit-cover quite small,
orbicular-renate. A. tenemm.
Victorian Plants. 525
2185. Frond-segments minutely denticulated.
Always very dwarf, here often on the trunks of fern-trees ;
root-stock extremely thin, creeping ; stalks thinly filiform
throughout ; fronds almost completely pinnate, shining ;
segments partly decurrent, deeply divided into elliptic- or
broad-linear blunt lobes, the denticles very acute, rather
unequal ; fruit-masses mostly axillary, towards their base
innate, the two segments of the fruit-cover orbicular-
obovate, denticulated. H. Tunbridgense.
Frond-segments without any denticulation ... ... 2186
2186. Stalk filiform throughout.
Dwarf, often on the trunks of fern-trees ; root-stock creeping,
thinly filiform ; stems capillaceous ; fronds from deltoid
to lanceolar-rhomboid in outline, usually quite small, but
occasionally rather elongated, simply or doubly pinnate
but imperfectly so, shining and bright-green on both sides ;
pinnas somewhat decurrent ; lobes of the segments from
elliptic- to broad-linear, blunt, partly confluent ; segments
of fruit-covers nearly orbicular. Figure 134.
H, niteus.
Stalk upwards membranously dilated.
Dwarf, often on trunks of fern-trees ; root-stock creeping,
thinly filiform ; fronds somewhat deltoid in outline, im-
perfectly bi- or even tri-pinnate when well-developed,
occasionally more elongated, often crisped ; lobes of the
segments somewhat decurrent, from elliptic- to broadish-
linear, mostly short, blunt; fruit-masses generally ter-
minal ; segments of the fruit-covers nearly orbicular.
H. Javaiiicum.
TRXCHOXKANES.
2187. Fronds imperfectly pinnate.
Quite dwarf, chiefly on trunks of fern-trees, sometimes
forming large patches ; fronds on almost capillary stalks,
conspicuously and closely venular-streaked, very shining ;
lower segments from broad-linear to narrow-elliptical,
entire or indented or incised, but without distinct denticu-
lation, almost or quite sessile on the thus far very thin
rhachis ; upper segments confluent, the terminal one
elongated ; fruit-masses axillary ; tube of the fruit-cover
much innate, dilated at the summit ; setular axis of the
fruit-masses long-exserted. Figure 133.
T. venosnm.
526 Key to the System of
Fronds doubly pinnatifid.
Very dwarf, chiefly on trunks of fern-trees, ; fronds on
extremely thin stalks, their segments broadish-linear,
entire or bilobed, narrowly decurrent, with only one
venule, without any denticulations ; fruit-masses axillary ;
fruit-cover almost emersed, quite narrowed at the base,
dilated at the summit ; setular axis of the fruit-masses
conspicuously exserted. T. humile.
PLANTS QUITE RECENTLY DISCOVERED IN
VICTORIA.
1157&. Flowers very small, corymbously much crowded.
Leaves very short, mostly opposite, from linear- to ellipsoid-
trigonous ; flowers almost capitularly approximated ; tube
of the calyx five-furrowed, but without any transverse
rugulosity ; the lobes blunt, minute, yet still slightly
longer than the petals ; style short, towards the summit
beset with minute papillular hairlets.
Darwinia micropetala.
1595&. Lobes of the corolla nearly equal, somewhat longer
than its tube, gradually pointed.
Shrub, seldom tall, much beset with radiating hairlets ;
leaves usually short, from almost ovate to narrowly lan-
ceolar-elliptical, often recurved at the margin, nearly or
quite sessile ; flowers fragrant, mostly solitary in the
upper leaf-axils, on very short stalklets ; calyx quite
small, its lobes rather acute ; corolla moderately large,
whitish, its tube dark-streaked, its lobes comparatively
narrow ; stamens enclosed ; anthers by confluence of their
two cells almost unilocular ; fruit small, almost globular ;
seeds few, renate- ellipsoid.
Authocercis albicaus.
Victorian Plants. 527
4266. Flowers with an equally five-lobed corolla, five
stamens and a four-celled ovulary.
Shrubs, seldom tall ; leaves simply opposite ; flowers always
small ; stamens equal ; style undivided ; fruit dry, in-
separable into fruitlets. Newcastlia. 1732&
17326. Leaves from rhomboid- to cordate-ovate.
Hardly shrubby, much beset with a dense whitish vestiture ;
leaves flaccid, sessile ; lobes of the calyx narrow-semi-
lanceolar, considerably longer than its tube ; corolla about
thrice as long as the calyx, cleft to near the middle, its
lobes rather narrow, well pointed ; stamens hardly half
as long as the corolla-tube ; style short. N. Dixoni.
17766. Calyx-lobes and petals yellow, with brownish or
purplish spots.
From rather dwarf to somewhat tall ; leaf from ovate- to
narrow-lanceolar, glabrous as well as its stalk ; flowers on
short stalklets, from two to few ; lateral lobes at the
summit of the gynostemium connivent, fringed, the
middle lobe pressed back, somewhat clavate, entire ;
anther attenuated into a conspicuous apex.
Thelymitra fusco-lutea.
18406. Leaves long, very straight, strong, quite filiform,
pointed.
Robust, erect, rather tall ; stems very short, undivided ;
leaves all basal, quite terete or slightly compressed, finely
streaked, their apex pungent ; flower-clusters rather
large, globular, one or two or seldom more and then super-
posed ; bracts short-fringed ; petals comparatively large,
upwards whitish ; fruit obovate-globular, short-pointed ;
seeds three, almost spherical, pale-brownish outside.
Xerotes juncea.
18906. Fruit-stalks very long.
Stems thinly filiform, branched ; leaves of extreme narrow-
ness, but on broadish clasping descending stalks, slightly
rough at the edges ; floral leaves diminutive, bract-like ;
fruit-stalk capillary ; fruitlets minute, slightly keeled,
their base constrictedly narrowed.
(Lepilaena Australis.) Althenia Australia.
528 Key to the System of
5646. Spore-caselets comparatively small, three-celled.
Leaves quite minute, distantly scattered ; spore-caselets
irregularly remote from each other. Fsilotum. 2133&
21336. Branches dichotomously numerous, slender and tri-
angular.
Usually dwarf, but occasionally rather elongated ; leaves
narrow and acute ; bracts very small, bisected, their
segments linear and pointed ; spore-caselets firm, pale-
yellowish, trigonous-globular, rather depressed, dehiscent
to the base into three valves, each of them inside with a
prominence along the middle. P. triquetrum.
Victorian Plants. 529
PLANTS, FOUND IN VICTORIA, SINCE THE ENUME-
RATION IN PART II. (PAGES 5-60) WAS PUB-
LISHED, INCLUSIVE OF A FEW SPECIES, THEN
MISSED FOR RECORDING.
Cabomba peltata, F. v. M. ... ... — — — N.E. —
Hibbertia monogyna, R. Brown ... — — — — E.
Eriostemon capitatus, F. v. M. ... ... N.W. — — — —
Sida intricata, F. v. M. ... ...N.W. — — —
Dodonaea lobulata, F. v. M. ... ... N.W.
Phyllaiithus thesioides, Bentham ... N.W. — — — —
Casuarina paludosa, Sieber ... ... — — — — E.
Kochia microphylla, F. v. M. ... ...N.W.
Muehlenbeckia gracillima, Meissner ... — — — — E.
Qxylobium trilobum, F. v. M. ... ... — — — — E.
Jacksonia Clarkei, F. v. M. ... ... • — N.E.
Zornia diphylla. Persoon ... ... — — — — E.
Desmodium brachypodum, Asa Gray ... — — — — E.
Acacia mollissima, Willdenow ... ... — S.W. S. N.E. E.
Darwinia micropetala, Bentham ... N.W. — — — —
Kunzea parvifolia, Schauer ... ... — S.W. — N.E. —
Kunzea capitata, Reich enbach ... ... — — — — E.
Callistemon linearis, De Candolle ... — — — — E.
Backhousia myrtif olia, Hooker ... ... — — — — E.
Haloragis Baeuerleni, F. v. M. ... ... — — E.
Sium erectum, Hudson ... ... — S.W. —
Xanthosia Atkinsoniana, F. v. M. ... — — — — E.
Notothixos subaureus, Oliver ... ... — — — — E.
Persoonia revoluta, Sieber ... ... — — — — E.
Hakea saligna, Knight ... ... — — — — E.
Hakea Macreana, F. v. M. ... ... — — — E.
Pimelea hypericina, Cunningham ... — S.W. S. — E.
Opercularia hispida, Sprengel ... ... — — — E.
Aster dentatus, Andrews ... ... — — — — E.
Aster lepidophyllus, Persoon ... .. N.W. S.W. S. N.E. E.
2 M
530 Key to the System of
Podolepis rhytidochlamys, F. v. M. ... N.W. '• — —
Helichrysum adenophorum, F. v. M. ... — S.W. — — —
Ammobium alatum, R. Brown ... ... — — — — E.
Angianthus tenellus, Bentham ... ... N.W. — — — —
Angianthus pleuropappus, Bentham ...N.W. — — — —
Glossogyne tenuifolia, Cassini ... ... — — — — E.
Goodenia pusilliflora, F. v. M. ... ... N.W. — — — —
Gentiana quadrif aria, Blume ... ... — — — — E.
Anthocercis albicans, Cunningham ... — — — N.E. —
Glossostigma Drummondi, Bentham ...N.W. — — — —
Prostanthera saxicola, R. Brown ... — — — — E.
Newcastlia Dicksoni, F. v. M. and Tate ... N.W. — — — —
Styphelia microphylla, Sprengel ... — — — — E.
Styphelia esquamata, Sprengel . . . ... — — — — E.
Styphelia costata, F. v. M N.W. S.W. — — —
Styphelia appressa, Sprengel ... ... — — — — E.
Styphelia attenuata, F. v. M. ... ... — — — — E.
Epacris crassifolia, R. Brown ... ... — — — — E.
Dinris alba, R. Brown... ... ... — — N.E. —
Thelymitra epipactoides, F. v. M. ... — S.
Thelymitra fusco-lutea, R. Brown ... — S.W. — — —
Pterostylis pedaloglossa, Fitzgerald ... — — S. — —
Dianella coerulea, Sims ... ... — — — — E.
Tricoryne simplex, R. Brown ... ... — — — — E.
Xerotes juncea, F. v. M. ... ...N.W. — — — —
Philhydrum lanuginosum, Banks ... — S.W. — — —
Potamogeton luceus, Linn6 ... ... — S.W. — — —
Althenia australis, F. v. M. ... ... N.W. — — —
Fimbristylis ferruginea, Vahl ... ... — — — — E.
Schoenus ericetorum, R. Brown ... — — — - — E.
Andropogon affinis, R Brown ... ... N.W. — — — —
Psilotum triquetrum, Swartz ... ... — S.W. — — —
Adiantum diaphanum, Blume ... ... — — S. — E.
Hypolepis teuuifolia, Bernhardi ... — — — — E.
Aspidium tenerum, Sprengel ... ... — — — — E,
The recording of new data for regional distribution of numerous of the
formerly enumerated species is reserved for a future occasion.
Victorian Plants.
531
PLANTS, HITHERTO IMMIGRATED AND NATURAL-
IZED IN VICTORIA, WITH INDICATIONS OF
THEIR NATIVITY AND ENGLISH POPULAR
NAMES. '
(E. = Europe ; As. = Asia ; Af r. = Africa ; Am. = America).
jRanunculaceae.
Ranunculus muricatus, Linne
.. E. As. Afr. —
PapaA7er hybridum, Linnd
Papaver Rhoeas, L'Qbel...
Argemone Mexicana, Linn4
Fumaria officinalis, Linne
Papaveraceae.
... Wild Poppy
... Prickly Poppy
Fumariaceae.
... Fumitory
Cruciferae.
Nasturtium aquaticum, Bock
Sisymbrium officinale, Scopoli
Brassica oleracea, Linn£ . . .
Brassica Sinapis, Visiani
Senebiera Coronopus, Poiret
Senebiera didyma, Persoon
Capsella Bursa pastoris, Moench
Lepidium Draba, Linne" ...
Raphanus Rhaphanistrum, Linn£
E. As. Afr. —
E. As. Afr. —
— — — Am.
E. As. Afr. —
., Water-Cress
E.
As.
Afr. —
. . Hedge-Mustard
E.
As.
Afr. —
E.
As.
Afr. —
.. Charlock
.
E.
As.
Afr. —
..
,
E.
As.
Afr. —
<<
— Am.
.. Shepherd's Purse
.
E.
As.
Afr. —
. .
§
E.
As.
Afr. —
.. Wild Radish
E.
As.
Afr. —
Geraniaceae.
Erodium cicutarium, 1'Heritier
Erodium moschatum, 1'Heritier
Storksbill
E. As. Afr. —
E. As. Afr. —
Malvaceae.
Modiola multifida, Moench
Malva rotundifolia, Linne
Malva silvestris, Linne ...
Dwarf Mallow
Tall Mallow
— — — Am.
E. As. Afr. —
E. As. Afr. —
532
Key to the System of
Ricinus communis, Linne
Euphorbia Peplus, Linne
Euphorbia helioscopia, Linne
Urtica urens, Ray
Urtica dioica, Linne
Euphorbiaceae.
Castoroil-plant
Spurge
Urticaceae.
... Dwarf Nettle
... Tall Nettle
Phytolaccaceae.
Phytolacca Americana, Linne
Ficoideae.
Mesembrianthemum crystallinum,
Linne ... ... ... Ice -plant
Lychnis Githago, Lamarck
Silene Cucubalus, Wibel
Silene Gallica, Linne
Spergula arvensis, Linne
Spergula pentandra, Linne
Stellaria media, Villars ...
Arenaria serpillifolia, Linne
Caryophylleae.
Corn-cockle
Spurrey
Chickweed
Chenopodium album, Linne
Chenopodium murale, Linne
Chenopodium glaucum, Linne
Chenopodium ambrosioides, Linne
Atriplex patulum, Linne
Salsolaceae.
. Goosefoot
Wild Orache
Amarantus albus, Linne ...
Rumex crispus, Linne
Amarantaceae.
Polygonaceae.
Dock .
Rumex conglomeratus, Murray ... ,,
Rumex Acetosella, Linne ... Sorrel -Weed
Polygonum aviculare, Linne ... Knot-Weed
Leguminosae.
Genista Canariensis, Linne
Ulex Europaeus, Linne ...
Medicago sativa, Linne ...
Medicago lupulina, Linne
Furze ...
Lucerne
Black Medick
— As. Afr.
E. As. Afr.
E. As. Afr.
E. As. Afr.
E. As. Afr.
— — — Am.
E. As. Afr. —
,. E. As. Afr. —
.. E. As. Afr. —
E. As. Afr. —
E. As. Afr. —
E. As. Afr. —
E. As. Afr. —
E. As. Afr. —
E. As. — —
E. As. — —
E. As. — —
— — — Am.
E. As. Afr. Am.
— — — Am.
E. As. Afr. —
E. As. Afr. —
E. As. Afr. —
E. As. Afr. —
E. — Afr. —
E. — Afr. —
E. As. Afr. —
E. As. Afr. —
Victorian Plants.
533
Medicago denticulata, Willdenpw Burr-( "lover
E.
As.
Afr.
Melilotus parviflora, Desrousseaux
E.
As.
Afr.
—
Trifolium arvense, Linne
. Hare's Clover
E.
As.
Afr.
—
Trifolium pratense, Bock
. Red Clover
E.
As.
Afr.
—
Trifolium repens, Rivinus
. White Clover ...
E.
As.
Afr.
Am.
Trifolium agrarium. Dodoens
. Hop-Clover
E.
As.
Afr.
—
Trifolium procumbens, Linne
. .
E.
As.
Afr.
—
Trifolium resupinatum, Linne
. . .
E.
As.
Afr.
—
Trifolium subterraneum, Linne
.
E.
As.
Afr.
—
Trifolium tomentosum, Linne
. . ...
E.
As.
Afr.
—
Lotus tetragonolobus, Linne
. .
E.
As.
Afr.
—
Vicia sativa, Linne ...
. Vetch . .
E.
As.
Afr.
—
Vicia angustifolia, Roth ...
. Wild Vetch
E.
As.
Afr.
—
Vicia hirsuta, Koch
. Lentil-Tare
E.
As.
Afr.
—
Vicia tetrasperma, Moench
.
E.
As.
Afr.
—
Albizzia lophantha, Bentham
. W. Austral. Wattle
—
—
—
—
Rosaceae.
Rosa rubiginosa, Linne ... ... Sweet Briar
E.
As.
Afr.
Sanguisorba minor, Scopoli ... Salad-Burnet
E.
As.
Afr.
—
Sanguisorba polygama, F. v. M. ...
E.
As.
—
—
Alchemilla arvensis, Scopoli
E.
As.
Afr.
—
Onagreae.
Oenothera biennis, Linne
Opuntia Dillenii, Haworth
— — — Am.
Cacteae.
... Prickly Pear-Cactus —
Umbelliferae.
— — Am.
Ammi majus, Bauhin
Carum Petroselinum, Bentham
Foeniculum officinale, Allioni
Crithmum maritimum, Linne
Peucedanum sativum, Bentham
Parsley
Fennel
Real Samphire
Parsnip
E. As. Afr.
E. As. Afr.
E. As. Afr.
E. As. Afr.
E. As. —
Cucurbitaceae.
Cucumis myriocarpus, Naudin
Sherardia arvensis, Linne
Galium Aparine, Linne ...
Scabiosa maritima, Linne
_ _ Afr. —
Rubiaceae.
Dipsaceae.
E.
E.
As. Afr. —
As. Afr. —
E. As. Afr. —
534
Key to the System of
Compositae.
Erigeron linifolius, Willdenow
...
E. As. Afr. —
Galinsoga parviflora, Cavanilles ...
• •
— — — Am.
Madia sativa, Molina
Pitch- Weed
— — — Am.
Anthemis nobilis, Linne" ...
True Chamomile ...
E. As. Afr. —
Anthemis Co tula, Linne" ...
Spurious Chamomile
E. As. Afr. —
Cryptostemma calendulaceum, Br
Cape- Weed
— — Afr. —
Xanthium spinosum, Linne"
Bathurst-Burr
E. As. Afr. —
Carduus pycnocephalus, Jacquin ..
...
E. As. Afr. —
Carduus crispus, Linne" ...
...
E. As. Afr. —
Carduus arvensis, Linn£
Perennial Thistle ...
E. As. Afr. —
Carduus lanceolatus, Linne"
Spear-Thistle
E. As. Afr. —
Carduus Marianus, Linn£
Spotted Thistle ...
E. As. Afr. —
Onopordon Acanthium, Linne"
Scotch Thistle ...
E. As. Afr. —
Cynara Scolymus, Linne"
Artichoke
E. As. Afr. —
Centaurea solstitialis, Linne"
...
E. As. Afr. —
Centaurea Melitensis, Linne"
...
E. As. Afr. —
Centaurea Calcitrapa, Linne
..
E. As. Afr. — .
Kentrophyllum lanatum, Candolle
... ...
E. As. Afr. —
Carthamus tinctorius, Linne"
Safflower
E. As. Afr. —
Cichorium Intybus, Linne"
Chicory
E. As. Afr. —
Picris echioides, Linne ..
...
E. As. Afr. —
Picris hieracioides, Linne"
...
E. As. Afr. —
Hypochaeris radicata, Linn4
Flatweed
E. As. Afr. —
Hypochaeris glabra, Linne"
E. As. Afr. —
Taraxacum officinale, Weber'
Dandelion
E. As. Afr. Am.
Lactuca saligna, Linne" ...
E. As. Afr. —
Sonchus oleraceus, Linn£
Sow-Thistle '.'.'.
E. As. Afr. —
Tragopogon porrifolius, Linne'
Salsify
E. As. Afr. —
Campanulaceae.
Lobelia Erinus, Li
Polemoniaceae.
Navarretia squarrosa, Hooker
Primulaceae.
Anagallis arvensis, Linne" ... Pimpernel
Plantagineae.
Plantago lanceolata, Linne" ... Rib-Herb
Plantago ma j or, Camerarius
Piantago Coronopus, Linne" ... •- ...
.. — — Afr. —
— — — Am.
E. As. Afr. —
E. As. Afr.
E. As. Afr.
E. As. Afr.
Victorian Plants. 535
Solanaceae.
Solanum Pseudo-Capsicum, Linn£ ... ... — — — Am.
Solanum Sodomaeum, Linn6 ... ... ... E. As. Afr. —
Lycium Chinense, Miller ... .. ... — As. — —
Mcotiana glauca, Graham ... Tree-Tobacco ... — — — Am.
Datura Stramonium, Linne" ... ... ... — — — Am.
Convolvulaceae.
Cuscuta Epithymum, Murray ... Dodder ... E. As. Afr. —
Apocyneae.
Vinca rosea, Linn4 ... ... Pink Periwinkle ... — As. Afr. —
Vinca major, Linne" ... ... Blue Periwinkle ... E. As. Afr. —
Asclepiadeae.
Gomphocarpus f ruticosus, E,. Br. ... ... ... — — Afr. —
Scrophularinae.
Verbascum Blattaria, Linn6 . . . Spurious Mullein ... E. As. Afr. —
Verbascum Creticum, F. v. M. ... ... ... E. — — —
Bartsia latifolia, Sibthorp ... ... E. As. Afr. —
Asperifolwe.
Lithospermum arvense, Linne* ... Gromwell ... E. As. Afr. —
Labiatae.
Marrubium vulgare, L'Ecluse ... Horehound ... E. As. Afr. —
Rosmarinus officinalis, Linn£ ... Rosemary ... E. As. Afr. —
Mentha Pulegium, Linn4 ... Penny-Royal ... E. As. Afr. —
Irideae.
Romulea Bulbocodium, Sebastiani ... ... E. As. Afr. —
Sparaxis grandiflora, Ker ... ... ... — - Afr. —
Sisyrinchium Bermudianum, Lihn£ ... ... — - — Am.
Sisyrinchium micranthum, Cavan. ... ... — - — Am.
Junceae.
Juncus bufonius, Linn£ ... ... ... ... E. As. Afr. Am.
Gramineae.
Paspalum distichum, Linn£ " ... Siltgrass ... — - Am.
Stenotaphrum Americanum,Schr. Buffalo-Grass ... — As. Afr. Am.
Ehrharta longiflora, Smith ... ... ... — — Afr. —
Andropogon Halepensis, Persoon... Haleppo-Grass ... E. As. Afr. —
Phalaris minor, Retzius ... ... ... ... E. As. Afr. —
536
Key to the System of
Phalaris Canariensis, Linne"
Canaryseed-Grass. . .
E. As. Afr. —
Anthoxanthum odoratum, Linne" ...
Scented Vernal-
E. As. Afr. —
Grass
Alopecurus agrestis, Linn4
Alopecurus pratensis, Linn£
Foxtail-Grass
E. As. Afr. —
E. As. Afr. —
Phleurn prateiise, Linne" ...
Timothy-Grass ...
E. As. Afr. —
Agrostis palustris, Hudson
Fiorin-Grass
E. As. Afr. Am.
Aira caryophyllea, Linn£
...
E. As. Afr. —
Aira praecox, Linn£
...
E. As. Afr. —
Polypogon Monspeliensis, Desfont.
Holcus lanatus, Linne"
Yorkshire Fog-
E. As. Afr. —
E. As. Afr. —
Grass
Holcus mollis, Linne
Creeping Velvet-
E. As. Afr. —
Grass
Avena elatior, Linn£
Meadow-Oatgrass . . .
E. As. Afr. —
Avena fatua, Linn£
Wild Oats
E. As. Afr. —
Lamarckia aurea, Moench
E. As. Afr. —
Koeleria phleoides, Persoon
...
E. As. Afr. —
Koeleria cristata, Persoon
... ...
E. As. Afr. —
Cynosurus cristatus, Linne"
Dactylis glomerata, Linn6
Dogstail-Grass
Cocksfoot-Grass . . .
E. As. Afr. —
E. As. Afr. —
Briza minor, Linn£
...
E. As. Afr. —
Briza maxima, Linne"
E. As. Afr. —
Poa annua, Linn£
E. As. Afr. —
Poa pratensis, Linne"
Common Poa
E. As. Afr. Am.
Poa trivialis, Linne"
...
E. As. Afr. —
Festuca bronioides, Linne"
E. As. Afr. —
Bromus sterilis, Gerarde
...
E. As. Afr. —
Bromus mollis, Linne"
E. As. Afr. —
Bromus unioloides, Humboldt
Prairie-Grass . .
— — — Am.
Lolium perenne, Linn6 ...
Rye-Grass . .
E. As. Afr. —
Lolium temulentum, Linne"
Darnel . .
E. As. Afr. —
Hordeum murinum, Caesalpinus ...
Barley-Grass . .
E. As. Afr. —
Hordeuin nodosum, Linne"
...
E. As. Afr. —
ADDITIONS.
Portulaceae.
Claytonia caulescens, F. v. M.
Caryophylleae.
Saponaria vaccaria, Linne"
.. — — — Am.
.. E. As. Afr.
Victorian Plants.
537
VERNACULAR NAMES OF INDIGENOUS PLANTS.
Avens
Bamboo -Grass
Beech, native...
Bellflower, Australian
Blackbutt-Tree
Black wood -Tree
Bloodwood-Tree
Box-Eucalypt
55
Box-Eucalypt, Red
Yellow
Bugle, native
Burr-Daisy ...
Buttercup
Carrot, native
Celery, native
Cherry-Tree, native .,
Cider- Eucalypt
Clubmosses ...
Clubmoss, Medicinal ..
Couch-grass, native ..
Currajong
,, ...
Cypress-Pine...
Daisy, imitative
>5
Daisy, Burr- ...
Darling Poison-Pea
Dock
Dodder, native
5>
Doorva-Grass
Doubah
Doubletail
Duck- Weed .,
Geum urbanum.
Poa ramigera.
Fagus Cunningha-mi.
Wahlenbergia gracilis.
Eucalyptus pilularis.
Acacia Melanoxylon.
Eucalyptus corymbosa.
Eucalyptus hemiphloia.
Eucalyptus largiflorens.
Eucalyptus polyanthema.
Eucalyptus melliodora.
Ajuga Australis.
Calotis, several.
Ranunculus, several.
Daucus glochidiatus.
Apium prostratum.
Exocarpos cupressiformis.
Eucalyptus Gunnii.
Lycopodinse.
Lycopodium clavatum.
Cynodon Dactylon.
Brachychiton populneus.
Plagianthus pulchellus.
Callitris, three species.
Brachycome decipiens.
Brachycome, some others.
Calotis, several.
Swainsona Greyana.
Rumex, several.
Cuscuta Australis.
Cuscuta Tasmanica.
Cynodon Dactylon.
Marsdenia Leichhardtiana.
Diuris, several.
Lemna, several.
538
Key to the System of
Elder-tree, native
Elder -herb ...
Everlastings ...
Fan-Palm
Ferns
Fern, Birdsnest-
Fern, Brake-
Fern, Maidenhair-
Ferntree, slender
Ferntree, square
Ferntree, stout
Figtree, native
Flax, native ...
Forget-me-not, small ...
,, large ...
Foxtail-grass ...
Fringe-Lilies...
Germander ...
Grape-vine, native
Grasses
Grass -tree
Grass-wrack ...
Gumtree, apple -scented
Gumtree, blue
Gumtree, flooded
Gumtree, Giant
Gumtree, Manna-
Gumtree, red...
Gumtree, spotted, Victorian
Gumtree, sugary
Gumtree, white...
Honeysuckle, native ...
Ironbark-tree
Ironbark-tree, spurious
Kangaroo-grass
Sambucus xanthocarpa.
Sambucus Gaudichaudi.
Helichrysum lucidum.
Helichrysum, some others.
Helipterum incanum.
Helipterum, some others
Livistona Australia.
Filices.
Asplenium Nidus.
Pteris aquilina.
Adiaiitum Aethiopicum.
Alsophila Australia.
Osmunda barbara.
Dicksonia Billardieri.
Ficus scabra.
Linum marginale.
Myosotis Australis.
Myosotis suaveolens.
Alopecurus geniculatus (here).
Thysanotus, several.
Teucrium, several.
Vitis hypoglauca.
Vitis Baudiniana.
Grammese.
Xanthorrhoea Australis.
Zostera, two.
Eucalyptus Stuartiana.
Eucalyptus Globulus.
Eucalyptus tereticornis.
Eucalyptus regnans.
Eucalyptus viminalis.
Eucalyptus rostrata.
Eucalyptus goniocalyx.
Eucalyptus corynocalyx.
Eucalyptus pauciflora.
Eucalyptus, some others.
Banksia, several.
Eucalyptus Leucoxylon (here).
Eucalyptus Sieberiana.
Anthistiria ciliata.
Victorian Plants.
539
Lady's Mantle
Lilly-pilly ...
Lily, Murray-
Mahogany-Eucalypt
Mallee
Mangrove, spurious ...
Manna-grass ...
Messmate-Stringybarktree
Mint or Ment
Mistletoe, native
Mousetail
Mulga
Muntry
Musk-tree
Myall
Nardoo
Feppermint-Gumtree ...
Pepperrnint-Stringybarktree
Pepper-tree, native
Pig-face
Polygonum, wiry
Poppy, native
Porcupine-Grass
Quandang
Raspberry, native
Reed-mace
Rib-Herb, Australian ...
Rushes
Sage, Australian
Saltbushes
Sandstay
Sarsaparilla, native
Sassafras, native
Sea-Rocket .
Alchemilla vulgaris.
Eugenia Smithii.
Crinum flaccidum.
Eucalyptus botryoides.
Eucalyptus gracilis.
Eucalyptus uncinata.
Eucalyptus oleosa.
Eucalyptus incrassata.
Avicennia officinalis.
Poa fluitans.
Eucalyptus obliqua.
Mentha, several.
Loranthus, several.
Myosurus minimus.
Acacia aneura.
Kunzea pomifera.
Aster argophyllus.
Acacia homalophylla.
Marsilea quadrifolia.
Eucalyptus amygdalina
Eucalyptus piperita.
Drimys aromatiea.
Mesembrianthemum, two.
Muehlenbeckia Cunninghami.
Papaver aculeatum.
Triodia irritans.-
Santalum acuminatum.
Rubus parvifolius.
Typha angustifolia.
Plantago varia.
Junceae and Cyperaceae collectively
(here).
Sal via plebeja.
Salsolaceae in general.
Leptospermum laevigatum.
Smilax Australis.
Atherosperma moschatum.
Cakile maritima.
Junceae and Cyperaceae collectively
(here).
-540
Key to the System of
Sheoak
Silverweed, British
Sneezeweed ...
Speedwell
Spider-Orchid
Spinage, New Zealand.
Spurge, native
Stringybark-Tree
Sugar-Reedgrass
Sundew
Sword-rush ...
Tea-tree, Swamp
„ Coast
Thatch-Reed...
Tobacco, Australian
Vervain
Waratah, Gippsland
Wattle, black
Wattle, golden
Wattle, Silver-
Wattle, Sydney-
Wood-sorrel, native
Woolly Butt ...
Casuarina quadrivalvis.
Potentilla anserina.
Centipeda, three species.
Veronica, several.
Caladenia Patersoni.
Tetragonia expansa.
Euphorbia, several.
Eucalyptus capitellata.
Eucalyptus eugenioides.
Eucalyptus macrorrhyncha.
Imperata arundinacea.
Drosera, several.
Lepidosperma gladiatum.
Melaleuca ericifolia, chiefly.
Melaleuca, several others.
Leptospermum, several.
Leptospermum laevigatum.
Arundo Phragmites.
Nicotiana suaveolens.
Verbena officinalis.
Telopea oreades.
Acacia mollisima.
Acacia pycnantha.
Acacia dealbata.
Acacia decurrens.
Oxalis Magellanica.
Eucalyptus longifolia.
Victorian Plants. 541
LIST OF GENERA COMPRISING:—
Large Trees—
Atherosperma, Hedycarya, Pittosporum, Acronychia, Nephelium, Elaeo-
carpus, Brachychiton, Fagus, Casuarina, Acacia, Eucryphia, Eugenia,
Angophora, Eucalyptus, Tristania, Pomaderris, Lomatia, Banksia, Exo-
carpos, Aster, Senecio, Notelaea, Myrsine, Ehretia, Prostanthera,
Myoporum, Callitris, Livistona.
Climbing or Twining Plants-
Clematis, Hibbertia, Sarcopetalum, Stephania, Cassytha, Drosera,
Comesperma, Billardiera, Marianthus, Celastrus, Zygophyllum, Tetra-
gonia, Stellaria, Claytonia, Muehlenbeckia, Rhagodia, Kennedya, Glycine,
Rubus, Aphanopetalum, Vitis, Melothria, Sicyos, Passiflora, Morinda,
Jasminum, Cuscuta, Convolvulus, Tylophora, Daemia, Marsdenia, Lyonsia,
Tecoma, Smilax, Rhipogonum, Eustrephus, Geitonoplesium, Thysanotus,
Calostrophus, Ehrharta.
Parasitic or simply Epiphytal Plants—
Cassytha, Notothixos, Loranthus, Thesium, Cuscuta, Orobanche,
Fieldia, Dipodium, Gastrodia, Dendrobium, Sarcochilus, Chiloglottis,
Corysanthes.
Floating or Submerged Plants-
Ranunculus, Ceratophyllum, Cabomba, Jussieua, Myriophyllum,
Callitriche, Hydrocotyle, Limnanthemum, Utricularia, Limosella,
Ottelia, ^allisneria, Elodea, Lemna, Wolffia, Potamogeton, Ruppia,.
Najas, Althenia.
Oceanic : Halophila, Posidonia, Cymodocea, Zostera.
Plants mainly prostrate—
(a) Somewhat woody — Hibbertia, Atriplex, Muehlenbeckia, Pultenaea,
Platylobium, Kunzea, Adenanthos, Grevillea, Styphelia, Myoporum,
Nageia.
542 Key to the System of
(b) Almost or quite herbaceous — Cakile, Stackhousia, Zygophyllum,
Tribulus, Euphorbia, Australina, Mollugo, Mesembrianthemum, Tetra-
gonia, Colobanthus, Portulaca, Polygonum, Ptilotus, Polycnemum,
Chenopodium, Dysphania, Bassia, Kochia, Enchylaena, Threlkeldia,
Bossiaea, Desmodium, Psoralea, Trigonella, Kennedya, Glycine, Swain-
sona, Glycyrrhiza, Pimelea, Acaena, Potentilla, Oreomyrrhis, Hydrocotyle,
Apium, Eryngium, Melothria, Coprosma, Cotula, Centipeda, Leonto-
podium, Scaevola, Lobelia, Isotoma, Selliera, Goodenia, Wilsonia,
Dichondra, Heliotropium, Mentha, Glossostigma, Mimulus.
(c) Grasses or Grass-like — Zostera, Oreobolus, Ehrharta, Hemarthria,
Zoysia, Sporobolus, Cynodon, Distichlis, Spinifex.
Thorny or prickly or otherwise pungently pointed plants—
(a) Their branches— Lepidium, Hymenauthera, Bursaria, Nitraria,
Muehlenbeckia, Rhagodia, Kochia, Acacia, Daviesia, Eutaxia, Bossiaea,
Rubus, Colletia, Cryptandra, Exocarpos, Leptomeria, Coprosma, Scaevola,
Lycium, Wilsonia, Prostanthera, Eremophila, Smilax, Rhipogonum.
(b} Their leaves— Hibbertia, Stellaria, Scleranthus, Colobanthus,
Salsola, Acacia, Daviesia, Oxylobium, Platylobium. Pultenaea, Bossiaea,
Eryngium, Aciphylla, Melaleuca, Callistemon, Leptospermum, Isopogon,
Lomatia, Grevillea, Hakea, Banksia, Solauum, Styphelia, Epacris, Spren-
gelia, Richea, Westringia, Xerotes, Xanthorrhoea, Calectasia, Bartlingia,
Livistona, Juncus, Calostrophus, Restio, Oreobolus, Lepidosperma,
Scirpus, Ehrharta, Stipa, Zoysia, Spinifex, Distichlis, Eragrostis, Triodia,
Festuca, Arundo.
(c) Their flowers or fruits — Eriostemon, Tribulus, Abutilon, Ricino-
carpus, Fagus, Casuarina, Tetragonia. Rumex, Bassia. Daviesia, Acaena,
Geum, Calycothrix, Ceratophyllum, Daucus, Sicyos, Hakea, Glossogyne,
Bidens, Calotis, Athrixia, Cynoglossum, Lappula, Burchardia, Xanthor-
rhoea, Damasonium, Sparganium, Ehrharta, Andropogon, Anthistiria,
Pentapogon, Stipa, Aristida, Echinopogon, Oplismenus, Panicum, Spinifex,
Chloris, Agropyron, Bromus, Danthonia.
Normally minute plants—
(a) Erect or ascending — Myosurus, Menkea, Alyssum, Capsella,
Drosera, Poranthera, Sagina. Scleranthus, Tillaea, Ammannia, Hydro-
cotyle, Didiscus, Asperula, Galium, Brachycome, Cotula, Elachanthus,
Helipterum, Sfcuartina, Rutidosis. Angianthus, Skirrophorus, Toxanthus,
Millotia, Candollea, Leeuwenhoekia, Sebaea, Mitrasacme, Rochelia,
Eritrichum, Utricularia, Polypompholyx, Microtis, Bartlingia, Triglochin,
Eriocaulon, Trithuria, Aphelia, Centrolepis, Cyperus, Schoenus,
Scirpus.
Victorian Plants. 543
(b) Prostrate— Elatine, Euphorbia, Sagina, Scleranthus, Dysphania,
Callitriche, Coprosma, Chthonocephalus. Hyalolepis, Isoetopsis, Gnapha-
lodes, Isotoma, Lobelia, Wilsonia, Mentha, Limosella, Glossostigma,
Lemna and Wolffia (the last two floating).
Plants mostly or entirely restricted to the Coast—
Cakile, Lepidium, Correa, Stackhousia, Ricinocarpus, Beyeria, Tetra-
- gonia, Polycnemum, Salicornia, Atriplex, Rhagodia, Suaeda, Threlkeldia,
Statice, Acacia, Pimelea, Potentilla, Leptospermum, Kunzea, Didiscus,
Apium, Banksia, Aster, Cassinia, Helichrysum, Calocephalus, Senecio,
Selliera, Scaevola, Styphelia, Avicennia, Cymodocea, Posidonia, Zostera,
Althenia, Juncus, Lepidosperma, Lepturus, Zoysia, Spinifex, Sporobolus,
Stipa, Distichlis, Festuca, Poa.
Plants restricted to Alpine or Sub-Alpine Elevations-
Ranunculus, Caltha, Drosera, Eriostemon, Boronia, Stackhousia,
Geranium, Colobaiithus, Scleranthus, Acacia, Oxylobium, Pultenaea,
Pimelea, Drapetes, Alchemilla, Baeckea, Aciphylla, Huanaca, Azorella,
Oreomyrrhis, Didiscus, Seseli, Orites, Grevillea, Exocarpos, Brachycome,
Aster, Abrotanella, Cotula, Antennaria, Leontopodium, Lobelia, Velleya,
Plantago, Styphelia, Trochocarpa, Epacris, Richea, Gaultiera, Wittsteinia,
Prostanthera, Euphrasia, Veronica, Nageia, Astelia, Herpolirion, Juncus,
Restio, Oreobolus, Lepidosperma, Carpha, Carex, Uncinia, Agrostis,
Festuca.
Plants with whitish sap-
Euphorbia, Ficus, Microseris, Cymbonotus, Wahlenbergia, Isotoma,
Lobelia, Convolvulus, Sarcostemma, Tylophora, Daemia, Marsdenia
Lyonsia.
Plants with compound or with much dissected leaves—
(a) With regularly pinnate leaves — Boronia, Dodonaea, Nephel /A,
Acacia, Cassia, Indigofera, Swainsona, Glycyrrhiza, Eucryphia, Panax,
Sambucus, Tecoma.
(b) With regularly trifoliolate leaves — Zieria, Boronia, Oxalis, Mi-
crantheum, Gompholobium, Goodia, Desmodium, Lespedeza, Psoralea,
Lotus, Trigonella, Kennedya, Glycine, Jasminum.
(c) With irregularly compound or deeply dissected leaves — Ranun-
culus, Clematis, Ceratophyllum, Drosera, Zygophyllum, many of
Cruciferae, Zornia, Psoralea, Acaena, Potentilla, Geum, Rubus, Vitis,
Myriophyllum, Haloragis, Panax, many of Umbelliferae, Isopogon,
Adenanthos, Grevillea, Bidens, Glossogyne, Brachycome, Calotis, Cotula,
Leuzea, Senecio, Isotoma, Goodenia, Utricularia, Verbena, Livistona.
544 Key to the System of
Plants with whorled leaves—
Ceratophyllum, Tetratheca, Casuarina (rudimentary), Polycarpon,
Mollugo, Acacia (phyllodes), Mirbelia, Oxylobium, Pultenaea, Aotus,
Bauera, Lythrum, Myriophyllum, Banksia, Asperula, Galium, Lysimachia,
Alyxia, Westringia, Stemodia, Chloanthes, Callitris (rudimentary),
Elodea, Najas.
Plants with rudimentary or deficient leaves —
Cassytha, Comesperma, Tethratheca, Amperea, Casuarina, Muehlen-
beckia, Salicornia, Kochia, Acacia, Cassia, Jacksonia, Viminaria, Sphaero-
lobium, Daviesia, Bossiaea, Templetonia, Colletia, Loudonia, Trachymene,
Exocarpos, Omphacomeria, Choretrum, Leptomeria, Aster, Helichrysum,
Humea, Sarcostemma, Logania, Cuscuta, Callitris, Dipodium, Gastrodia,
Corynotheca, Calostemma (sometimes), Caustis, Lepidosperma, Cyperus,
Schoenus, Scirpus, Heleocharis.
Plants with dotted leaves—
Drimys, Atherosperma, all of Rutaceae, Ilypericum, Dodonaea,
Psoralea, Glycyrrhiza, all of Myrtaceae here, Aster, Cassinia, Humea
and some others of Compositae exceptionally, Anagallis, Myrsine,
Stemodia (exceptionally), many of Labiatae, Myoporum.
Plants with strongly odorous leaves—
Drimys, Eupomatia, Atherosperma, most of Cruciferae, Capparis,
all of Rutaceae, Dodonaea, Codonocarpus, Trigonella, all of Myrtaceae
here, Aciphylla, Apium, Daucus, Eryngium, Opercularia, Coprosma,
Aster, Erechtites, Humea, Senecio, Isotoma, Mentha, Prostanthera,
Callitris, Glossodia, Andropogon, Poa (exceptionally), Hierochloa.
Plants with very succulent leaves—
Cabomba, Cakile, Nitraria, Zygophyllum, Plagianthus, Claytonia,
Portulaca, Polycnemum. Atriplex, Rhagodia. Kochia, Suaeda, Enchylaena,
Threlkeldia, Mesembrianthemum, Tetragonia, Crantzia, Apium, Senecio,
Lobelia, Selliera, Limnanthemum, Lycium, Samolus, Wittsteinia, Myo-
porum, Dendrobium, Ottelia, Calostemma, Bulbine, Typha, Triglochin.
Plants with large individual flowers —
Clematis, Capparis, Correa, Pelargonium, Lavatera, Mesembrian-
themum, Ptilotus, Kennedya, Eucalyptus, Melaleuca, Callistemon,
Passiflora, Loranthus, Telopea, Nicotiana, Epacris, Styphelia (seldom),
Convolvulus, Fieldia, Eremophila, Dendrobium, Caladenia, Diuris,
Ottelia, Patersonia, Diplarrhena, Crinum, Herpolirion.
Victorian Plants. 545
Plants with flowers of blue tinge (petals or corolla-lobes)—
Hybanthus, "Viola, Polygala, Comesperma, Cheiranthera, Boronia
(seldom), Erodium, Linum, Howittia, Hovea, Psoralea, Kennedya,
Swainsona, Didiscus, Eryngium, Conospermum, Calotis, Minuria,
Erigeron, Vittadinia, Aster, Brachycome, Lagenophora (of the last
seven the outer corollas only), W.ahlenbergia, Isotoma, Lobelia,
Brunonia, Dampiera, Scaevola, Solanum, Halgania, Cynoglossum, Myo-
sotis, Plectranthus, Brunella, Salvia, Westringia, Ajuga, Scutellaria,
Pfostanthera, Utricularia, Glossostigma, Euphrasia, Mazus, Mimulus,
Stemodia, Veronica, Thelymitra, Caladenia, Glossodia, Sisyrinchium,
Patersonia, Herpolirion, Stypandra, Dianella, Chamaescilla, Caesia,
Calectasia.
Plants with flowers of a red tinge (petals or corolla-lobes,
seldom stamens only)—
Papaver, Cakile, Drosera, Polygala, Comesperma, Zieria, Boronia,
Eriostemon (seldom), Correa, Pelargonium, Tetratheca, Mesembrian-
themum, Spergularia, Saponaria, Polygonum, Frankenia, Pultenaea
and Daviesia (seldom). Kennedya, Indigofera, Psoralea, Swainsona,
Desniodium, Bauera, Eucalyptus (exceptionally), Melaleuca (seldom),
Callistemon, Lythrum, Passiflora, Loranthus, Telopea, Grevillea,
Leuzea, Humea, Candollea, Goodenia (seldom), Erythraea, Brachy-
loma, Styphelia, Epaeris, Sprengelia, Convolvulus, Prostanthera
(seldom), Eremophila, Dipodium, Caleya, Spiranthes, Thelymitra,
Corysanthes, Lyperanthus, Caladenia, Calostemma, Eustrephus, Arthro-
podium, Thysanotus, Sowerbaea.
Plants with very fragrant flowers-
Clematis, Atherosperma, Eupomatia, Hymenanthera, Pittosporum,
Ricinocarpus, Stackhousia, Cassia, Acacia, Scaevola, Jasminum, Cyno-
glossum, Heliotropium, Nicotiana, Dendrobium, Sarcochilus, Gastrodia,
Thelymitra, Caladenia, Calostemma, Arthropodium, Bulbine, Hierochloa.
Plants with normally two stamens—
Lepidium (seldom), Polycnemum, Scleranthus, Acaena, Pimelea,
Jasminum, Notelaea, Salvia, Lycopus, Utricularia, Polypompholyx,
Gratiola, Veronica, Diplarrhena, Ruppia, Ehrharta, Cyatochaete, Hiero-
chloa, Eragrostis.
Plants with normally four stamens—
Lepidium, Parietaria, Sagina, Alchemilla, Tillaea, Loudonia, Haloragis
(seldom), Drapetes, all of Proteaceae, Santalum, Galium, Asperula, Sebaea,
Mitrasacme, Plantago, Orobanche, Fieldia, most of Labiatae and of Scro-
phularinae, Tecoma, Avicennia, Chloanthes, Verbena, Potamogeton,
Cymodocea, Ehrharta.
2N
546 Key to the System of
Plants with normally six stamens-
Most of Cruciferae, Pseudanthus, Rumex, Polygonum, Alisma, Damas-
nium, Triglochin, Livistona, most of Amaryllideae and of Liliaceae,
Juncus, Luzula, Eriocaulon.
Plants with normally eight stamens—
Polygala, Comesperma, Acronychia, Boronia, Correa, Tetratheca,
Zygophyllum, Polygonum, Muehlenbeckia, Aphanopetalum, Epilobium,
Myriophyllum, Haloragis.
Plants with their stamens all opposite to the petals or to the
corolla-lobes—
Statice, all of Rhamnaceae, of Santalaceae, of Proteaceae and of
Loranthaceae, Vitis, Myrsine, all of Primulaceae, Sowerbaea, Xyris.
Plants with their filaments all or nearly all connate—
(a) Together with the style — Candollea, Leeuwenhoekia, all of
Orchideae.
(b) Around the style — Pelargonium, Geranium, Erodium, all of Mal-
vaceae, Brachychiton, Passiflora, all of Asclepiadeae, Sisyrinchium,
Patersonia, Calostemma.
(c) Aside of the style — Hibbertia (here seldom), Platylobium, Bossiaea,
Templetonia, Hovea, Goodia, Trigonella. Lotus, Psoralea, Indigofera,
Goodia, Glycyrrhiza, Swainsona, Zornia, Desmodium, Lespedeza,
Kennedya, Glycine.
(d) Unaccompanied by any style — Sarcopetalum, Stephania, Plagian-
thus, Ricinocarpus, Bertya, Sicyos, Melothria.
Plants with their anthers connate—
Cheiranthera, all of Compositae, Isotoma, Lobelia, Brunonia, Dampiera,
Solanum, all of Asclepiadeae, Lyonsia, Halgania, Utricularia, Polypom-
pholyx, Calectasia, Althenia, Cymodocea.
Plants with their stamens and their pistils separate in all or
many of the flowers-
Clematis, Atherosperma, Hedycarya, Ceratophyllum, Sarcopetalum,
Stephania, Dodonaea (partially), Brachychiton, Plagianthus, all of Euphor-
biaceae, Australina, Casuarina, Didymotheca, Codonocarpus, Rumex,
Victorian Plants. 547
Muehlenbeckia, Atriplex, Rhagodia, Myriophyllum, Haloragis, Aciphylla,
Melothria, Sicyos, Coprosma, Ethuliopsis, Antennaria, Leontopodium,
Lobelia, Vallisneria, Halophila, Elodea, Smilax, Wurmbea, Xerotes,
Typha, Sparganium, Najas, Althenia, Cymodocea, Lepyrodia, Restio,
Leptocarpus, Calostrophus, Lepidobolus, Uncinia, Carex, Caustis, Spinifex,
Distichlis.
(The separation of stamens and pistils through bracts within spikelets
of many Cyperaceae and Gramineae is left out of consideration.)
Plants with fruits divided into distinct fruitlets—
All of Ranunculaceae and of Dilleniaceae, Drimys, Cabomba, Athero-
sperma, Hedycarya, Sarcopetalum, Stephania, Correa, Zieria, Boronia,
Eriostemon, Geijera (last five incompletely), Brachychiton, Geum,
Potentilla, Rubus, Tillaea, Dichondra, Sarcostemma, Tylophora, Daemia,
Marsdenia, Lyonsia, Alyxia, most of Asperifoliae and of Labiatae (but
imperfectly), Verbena, Alisma, Damasonium, most of Fluviales, Livistona
(reduced to one).
Plants with succulent fruits—
(a) Black or otherwise dark-colored outside — Drimys, Nitraria,
Threlkeldia, Vitis, Pimelea (seldom), Loranthus, Solanum, Jasminum,
Notelaea, Myoporum, Eremophila, Smilax, Geitonoplesium, Livistona.
( b) Blue outside — Elaeocarpus, Billardiera, Trochocarpa, Myoporum,
Drymophila, Dianella.
(c) Red outside — Sarcopetalum, Stephania, Tetragonia, Rhagodia,
Enchylaena, Rubus, Pimelea (seldom), Exocarpos (fruit-stalklet), San-
talum, Coprosma, Morinda, Lycium, Solanum, Styphelia, Ehretia, Alyxia,
Nageia (fruit-stalklet), Rhipogonum, Astelia.
(d) Yellow outside — Hedycarya, Cassytha, Acronychia, Billardiera,
Nitraria, Muehlenbeckia, Pimelea, Rhagodia, Enchylaena, Coprosma,
Sambucus, Styphelia, Solanum, Myoporum, Eustrephus.
(e) Green outside— Cassytha, Capparis, Tetragonia, Passiflora, Loran-
thus, Persoonia, Omphacomeria, Leptomeria, Selliera, Styphelia, Brachy-
loma, Solanum, Avicennia, Ottelia, Calostemma, Bulbine, Posidonia.
(f) Whitish outside — Muehlenbeckia, Eugenia, Sambucus, Gaultiera ,
' Fieldia, Styphelia, Wittsteinia.
(g) Variously of other scarcely determinable colors outside — Hymen-
anthera, Mesembrianthemum, Kunzea, Loranthus, Santalum, Solanum,
Crinum.
548 Key to the System of
Plants with large or long fruits—
Cardamine, Sisymbrium, Erysimum, Capparis, Brachy chiton, Mesem-
briantheimim, Acacia, Cassia, Lotus, Kennedya, Indigofera, Swainsona,
Epilobium, Passiflora, Isopogon (unitedly), Lomatia, Telopea, Banksia
(unitedly), Sarcostemma, Marsdenia, Tylophora, Daemia, Lyonsia,
Tecoma, Callitris (their cover), Ottelia, Crinum.
These tabular compilations are offered, to aid in the search for the names
of plants, and should be used by any juvenile beginner in the study of our
native flora ; they apply so far to Victorian plants only, but are in many
cases restricted to one or two or few species within the genera indicated ;
all Ferns and their allies are here left out of consideration.
Victorian Plants. 549
ADDITIONS AND ALTERATIONS.
PART I.
Page 3, line 16, instead of 11 read 113.
12, line 19, add 286.
12, line 27, add 287.
12, line 39, add 288.
13, line 14, add 289.
13, line 25, add 298.
13, line 29, add Adenostemma, Bidens.
25, line 22, add 600.
56, line 31, read umbel-stalk instead of flower-stalks
58, after line 12, add—
Synpetaleae perigynae.
59, line 33, add (Pentadactylon, Linkia).
64, line 15, after broad add or narrow.
75, after line 10, add—
Synpetaleae uypogynae.
86, after line 22, add—
Calyceae perigynae.
93, after line 21, add —
Calyceae hypogynae.
103, at commencement, add —
Acalyceae hypogynae.
103, line 28, after three add or two.
104, line 8, after several add sometimes in two rows.
108, line 13, add or about as long.
Ill, line 13, add (Trisetum).
224, line 30, instead of 053 read 1053.
288, line 33, after reddish add or green.
305, line 31, add (Exception : B. pachyptera partly).
346, line 36, after bluish add or lilac.
377, lines 22, 31, and 39, put gynostegium instead of gynosteinium.
550
Key to the System of
382, line 22, instead of 675 read 1675.
408, line 19, after bluish add or almost pink.
416, line 10, omit 1797ft.
416, line 26, after bluish add or almost lilac.
PART II.
Tage 14, line 30, add figure 35.
16, line 5, add figure 36.
27, line 26, add figure 64.
35, line 37, instead of A. Reichen-
bach read A. Richard.
45, line 6, add figure 112.
46, line 39, add figure 113.
47, line 11, add figure 114.
47, line 23, add figure 115.
47, line 33, add figure 116.
47, line 39, add figure 117.
48, line 16, add figure 118.
48, line 26, add figure 119.
50, line 25, add figure 120.
50, line 32, add figure 121.
50, line 35, add figure 122.
51, line 7, add figure 123.
51, line 40, add figure 124.
53, line 35, add figure 125.
56, line 5, add figure 126.
58, line 28, add figure 127.
58, line 30, add figure 128.
58, line 37, add figure 129.
Page 58, line 39, add figure 130..
59, line 5, add figure 131.
59, line 14, add figure 132.
59, line 16, add figure 133.
59, line 19, add figure 134,
59, line 23, add figure 136.
59, line 28, add figure 137.
59, line 31, add figure 135.
59, line 33, add figure 138.
59, line 35, add figure 139.
59, line 39, add figure 140.
59, line 41, add figure 141.
59, line 43, add figure 142.
60, line 3, add figure 143.
60, line 4, add figure 144.
60, line 6, add figure 145.
60, line 17, add figure 146.
60, line 21, add figure 147.
60, line 24, add figure 148.
60, line 28, add figure 149.
60, line 37, add figure 150.
60, line 44, add figure 151.
60, line 48, add figure 152.
In figure 58, 4, pores of anthers should be terminal, not lateral.
At figure 127s, first line, add and one caselet of microsporangia or antheroid-
clusters.
At figure 127s, second line, read former instead of latter.
At figure 127s, sixth and eighth lines, read macrosporangmm instead of
macrospore.
At figure 128s, lines 17, 19, 21, and 23, add or antheroid.
Victorian Plants.
551
INDEX OF ORDERS AND GENERA.
Abrotanella, i. 67, 311 ; ii. 35, figure
89.
Abutilon, i. 34, 154; ii. 11.
"Acacia, i. 43, 185; ii. 20, figures
50, 51.
Acaena, i. 49, 228 ; ii. 21.
Acianthus, i. 90, 413 ; ii. 46.
Aciphylla, i. 55, 265 ; ii. 27, figure
63.
Acronychia, i, 30, 138 ; ii. 10.
Actinotus, i. 55, 264 ; ii. 26.
Adenanthos, i. 59, 275 ; ii. 28.
Adenostemma, i. 63, 293 ; ii. 30.
Adiantum, i. 117, 516; ii. 59, figure
142.
Adriana, i. 37, 160 ; ii. 12.
Agropyron, i. Ill, 496; ii. 58.
Agrostis, i. 110, 492 ; ii. 56.
Aira, i. 111,495; ii. 57.
Ajuga, i. 82, 384 ; ii. 42.
Alchemilla, i. 49, 229 ; ii. 21.
Alisma, i. 98, 437 ; ii. 50.
Alismaceae, i. 21, 98, 437; ii. 50,
figure 121.
Alopecurus, i. 109, 487 ; ii. 55.
Alsophila, i. 116, 512; ii. 59, figure
138.
Alteruanthera, i. 41, 174 ; ii. 14.
Althenia, i. 100, 443.
Alyssum, i. 27, 126 ; ii. 7.
Alyxia, i. 80, 378 ; ii. 39.
Amarantaceae, i. 9, 41, 172 ; ii. 14,
figures 34, 35.
Amaryllideae, i. 21, 93, 425; ii. 47,
figure 116.
Ammannia, i. 53, 253 ; ii. 22.
Ammobium, i. 69, 317.
Amperea, i. 36, 160 ; ii. 12.
Amphipogon, i. 110, 492; ii. 56.
Anagallis, i. 77, 364 ; ii. 38.
Andropogon, i. 107, 478 ; ii. 55.
Angianthus, i. 71, 332 ; ii. 34.
Angophora, i. 50, 232 ; ii, 24.
Anisopogon, i. 1 10, 488 ; ii. 57.
Anonaceae, i. 3, 25, 122 ; ii. 6.
Antennaria, i. 70, 329 ; ii. 32.
Anthistiria, i. 107, 480 ; ii. 55.
Anthocercis, i. 76, 363 ; ii. 40.
Aotus, i. 46, 214 ; ii. 17.
Aphanopetalum, i. 50, 232 ; ii. 22.
Aphelia, i. 102, 448 ; ii. 51.
Apium, i. 57, 269 ; ii. 26.
Apocyneae, i. 17, 80, 378; ii. 39,
figure 101.
Arabis, i. 28, 130 ; ii. 6.
Araliaceae, i. 11, 55, 264; ii. 26,
figure 62.
Aristida, i. 110,488; ii. 56.
Arthropodium, i. 96, 433 ; ii. 49.
Arundo, i. 113, 505; ii. 58.
Asclepiadeae, i. 17, 79, 377 ; ii. 39,
figure 102.
Asperifoliae, i. 17, 80, 379 ; ii. 41,
figure 106.
Asperula, i. 62, 291 ; ii. 30, figure
75.
Aspidium, i. 119, 523; ii. 60, figure
150.
Asplenium, i. 119, 521 ; ii. 60, figure
149.
Astelia, i. 94, 428 ; ii. 48.
Aster, i. 66, 299 ; ii. 31, figure 81.
Astrotricha, i. 55, 264 ; ii. 26.
Atherosperma, i. 25, 124 ; ii. 6.
Athrixia, i. 69, 317 ; ii. 33.
Atriplex, i. 42, 175 ; ii. 15.
Australina, i. 38, 163 ; ii. 12.
Avicennia, i. 85, 397 ; ii. 43.
Azolla, i. 113, 505; ii. 58, figure
127.
Azorella, i. 56, 265 ; ii. 26.
Backhousia, i. 51, 243.
Baeckea, i. 52, 249 ; ii. 23.
Banksia, i. 60, 285 ; ii. 29, figure}73.
Barbarea, i. 28, 130 ; ii. 6.
Bartlingia, i. 97, 436 ; ii. 49.
Bassia, i. 42, 180 ; ii. 15, figure 36.
552
Key to the System of
Bauera, i. 50, 231 ; ii. 22, figure 53.
Eergia, i. 30, 136 ; ii. 8, figure 12.
Bertya, i. 36, 158 ; ii. 12, figure 23.
Beyeria, i. 36, 159 ; ii. 11.
Bidens, i. 64, 293 ; ii. 35.
Bignoniaceae, i. 19, 85, 396 ; ii. 41.
Billardiera, i. 30, 136 ; ii. 8.
Blechnum, i. 118, 520; ii. 60, figure
147.
Boerhaavia, i. 40, 169 ; ii. 17, figure
44.
Boronia, i. 31, 144 ; ii. 9.
Bossiaea, i. 46, 215 ; ii. 18.
Botrychiutn, i. 115, 509 ; ii. 59.
Brachychiton, i. 35, 157; ii. 11,
figure 21.
Brachycome, i. 66, 305 ; ii. 30.
Brachyloma, i. 77, 364 ; ii. 44.
Bromus, i. Ill, 497; ii. 58.
Brunella, i. 82, 382 ; ii. 42.
Brunonia, i. 74, 347 ; ii. 37.
Bulbine, i. 96, 432 ; ii. 48.
Burchardia, i. 94, 427 ; ii. 48.
Bursaria, i. 30, 137 ; ii. 8.
Cabomba, i. 25, 122.
Caesia, i. 97, 436 ; ii. 48.
Cakile, i. 26, 126 ; ii. 7.
Caladenia, i. 90, 414 ; ii. 46.
Calectasia, i. 98, 437 ; ii. 49.
Caleya, i. 87, 404 ; ii. 46.
•Callistemon, i. 51, 246 ; ii. 24.
Callitriche, i. 55, 263 ; ii. 23.
Callitris, i. 86, 402 ; ii. 44.
€alocephalus, i. 71, 331 ; ii. 34.
Calochilus, i. 88, 409 ; ii. 45.
Calostemma, i. 93, 425 ; ii. 47.
Colostrophus, i. 102, 451 ; ii. 51,
figure 124.
Calotis, i. 65, 294; ii. 31, figure 80.
Caltha, i. 25, 121 ; ii. 5.
Calycothrix, i. 52, 252 ; ii. 23.
Campanulaceae, i. 14, 73, 343; ii.
36, figure 91.
Candollea, i. 73, 341 ; ii. 36, figure
92.
Oandolleaceae, i. 14, 73, 341 ; ii. 36,
figures 92, 93.
Capparideae, i. 4, 28, 131; ii. 6, figure
Capparis, i. 28, 131 ; ii. 6, figure 7.
Caprifoliaceae, i. 14, 62, 292 ; ii. 30,
figure 76.
Capsella, i. 27, 128 ; ii. 7.
Cardamine, i. 27, 128 ; ii. 6.
Carex, i. 106, 470 ; ii. 54.
Carpha, i. 104, 460 ; ii. 53.
Caryophylleae, i. 8, 39, 165 ; ii. 14,
figures 32, 33.
Cassia, i. 44, 199 ; ii. 20, figure 49.
Cassinia, i. 68, 316 ; ii. 34, figure 84.
Cassytha, i. 26, 125 ; ii. 6, figure 5.
Casuarina, i. 38, 163 ; ii. 12, figure
25.
Casuarineae, i. 7, 38, 163; ii. 12,
figure 25.
Caustis, i. 103, 453 ; ii. 54.
Celastrinae, i. 5, 31, 146; ii. 13,
figure 28.
Celastrus, i. 31, 146; ii. 13, figure
28.
Centaurea, i. 64, 294 ; ii. 36.
Centipeda, i. 67, 312 ; ii. 35, figure
88.
Centrolepis, i. 102, 448 ; ii. 51.
Ceratophyllum, i. 55, 263 ; ii. 23.
Chamaescilla, i. 97, 436 ; ii. 48.
Cheilanthes, i. 116, 513; ii. 60,
figures 143, 144.
Cheiranthera, i. 30, 136 ; ii. 8.
Chenopodium, i. 42, 179 ; ii. 15.
Chiloglottis, i. 91, 417 ; ii. 47.
Chloanthes, i. 85, 397 ; ii. 43.
Chloris, i. Ill, 495 ; ii. 57.
Choretrum, i. 61, 288 ; ii. 27, figure
64.
Chorizandra, i. 103, 452 ; ii. 52.
Chthonocephalus, i. 72, 334 ; ii. 35.
Cladium (Gahnia), i. 104, 453; ii.53.
Claoxylon, i. 36, 160 ; ii. 12.
Claytonia, i. 40, 168 ; ii. 13, figure
31.
Clematis, i. 25, 121 ; ii. 5.
Codonocarpus, i. 38, 164 ; ii. 17.
Colletia, i. 53, 254 ; ii. 25.
Colobanthus, i. 39, 166 ; ii. 14,
figure 32.
Comesperma, i. 29, 134 ; ii. 8, figure
13.
Commer§onia, i. 35, 157 ; ii. 11.
Victorian Plants.
553
Compositae, i. 14, 63, 292; ii. 30,
figures 78 to 90.
Coniferae, i. 19, 86, 402; ii. 44,
figure 111.
Conospennum, i. 59, 274 ; ii. 28,
figure 67.
Convolvulaceae, i. 17, 78, 375 ; ii. 39.
Convolvulus, i. 79, 375 ; ii. 39.
Coprosma, i. 62, 290 ; ii. 30.
' Correa, i. 31, 146 ; ii. 10, figure 14.
Corysanthes, i. 89, 412 ; ii. 46.
Corynotheca, i. 97, 436 ; ii. 48.
Cotula, i. 67, 311 ; ii. 35.
Crantzia, i. 55, 265 ; ii. 27.
Craspedia, i. 72, 335 ; ii. 35.
Crassulaceae (Saxifrageae), i. 10, 49,
231 ; ii. 22, figure 54.
Cressa, i. 79, 377 ; ii. 39.
Crinum, i. 93, 426; ii. 47, figure
116.
Cruciferae, i. 4, 26, 126; ii. 6,
figure 8.
Cryptandra, i. 53, 254 ; ii. 25.
Cryptostylis, i. 87, 405 ; ii. 45.
Cucurbitaceae, i. 12, 58, 272 ; ii. 30,
figure 77.
Cupuliferae, i. 7, 37, 162 ; ii. 12.
Cuscuta, i. 78, 375 ; ii. 39.
Cyathea, i. 116, 512; ii. 59, figure
135.
Cyathochaete, i. 103, 452 ; ii. 53.
Cymbonotus, i. 63, 293 ; ii. 36.
Cymodocea, i. 100, 443 ; ii. 50.
Cynodon, i. Ill, 495 ; ii. 57-
Cynoglossum, i. 80, 380 ; ii. 41.
Cyperaceae, i. 23, 103, 452 ; ii. 52,
figure 125.
Cyperus, i. 104, 460 ; ii. 52.
Cyrtostylis, i. 90, 413 ; ii. 46.
Daemia, i. 79, 377; ii. 39, figure
102.
Damasonium, i. 98, 437 ; ii. 50,
figure 121.
Dampiera, i. 74, 347 ; ii. 37.
Danthonia, i. 113, 503; ii. 57.
Darwinia, i. 52, 251 ; ii. 23.
Daucus, i. 58, 271 ; ii. 27.
Davallia, i. 117, 515 ; ii. 59, figure
140.
Daviesia, i. 45, 203 ; ii. 17.
Dendrobium, i. 87, 403; ii. 45, figure
112.
Desmodium, i. 47, 218 ; ii. 19.
Dianella, i. 95, 431 ; ii. 48.
Dichelachne, i. 110 ; ii. 56.
Dichondra, i. 79, 377 ; ii. 39.
Dicksonia, i. 116, 512; ii. 59, figure
139.
Didiscus, i. 56, 268 ; ii. 26.
Didymotheca, i. 38, 164; ii. 17,
figure 43.
Dilleniaceae, i. 3, 25, 122; ii. 5,
figure 2.
Dillwynia, i. 46, 213 ; ii. 18.
Diplachne, i. 113, 503 ; ii. 57.
Diplarrhena, i. 92, 425 ; ii. 47.
Dipodium, i. 86, 403 ; ii. 45.
Distichlis, i. Ill, 496 ; ii. 58.
Diuris, i. 89, 410 ; ii. 45.
Dodonaea, i. 32, 148 ; ii. 13, figure 27.
Doodia (Woodwardia), i. 118, 520;
ii. 60, figure 148.
Drapetes, i. 48, 228 ; ii. 29.
Drimys, i. 25, 121 ; ii. 6, figure 3.
Drosera, i. 29, 131 ; ii. 8, figure 11.
Droseraceae, i. 4, 29, 131 ; ii. 8,
figure 11.
Drymophila, i. 94, 427 ; ii. 48.
Dysphania, i. 42, 180 ; ii. 15.
Echinopogon, i. 110, 492 ; ii. 56.
Eclipta, i. 64, 293 ; ii. 35, figure 87.
Ehretia, i. 80, 379 ; ii. 41.
Ehrharta,i. 106,477; ii. 56, figure 126.
Elachanthus, i. 57, 313 ; ii. 35.
Elaeocarpus, i. 34, 155 ; ii. 11, figure
22.
Elatine, i. 29, 135 ; ii. 8.
Elatineae, i. 5, 29, 135 ; ii. 8, figure
12.
Eleusine, i. 112, 498; ii. 57.
Elodea (Hydrilla), i. 92, 423 ; ii. 47.
Elythrophorus, i. 113, 502; ii. 58.
Enchylaena, i. 43, 184 ; ii. 16.
Epacrideae, i. 16, 77, 364; ii. 43,
figure 110.
Epacris, i. 78, 372 ; ii. 44.
Epaltes, i. 67, 313 ; ii. 32, figure 82.
Epilobium, i. 53, 253 ; ii. 22.
554
Key to the System of
Eragrostis, i. 112, 498; ii. 58.
Erechtites, i. 73, 337 ; ii. 36.
Eremophila, i. 86, 399 ; ii. 43, figure
108.
Erianthus, i. 107, 478 ; ii. 55.
Ericaceae, i. 17, 78, 375; ii. 43,
figure 109.
Erigeron, i. 66, 298 ; ii. 32.
Eriocauleae, i. 23, 101, 447 ; ii. 51.
Eriocaulon, i. 101, 447 ; ii. 51.
Eriochilus, i. 90, 413 ; ii. 46, figure
113.
Eriochlamys, i. 71, 334 ; ii. 34.
Eriochloa, i. 109, 487 ; ii. 54.
Eriostemon, i. 31, 138; ii. 9, figure 15.
Eritrichum, i. 81, 380 ; ii. 41.
Erodium, i. 33, 153 ; ii. 10.
Eryngium, i. 58, 272 ; ii. 26.
Erysimum, i. 28, 129 ; ii. 7, figure 8.
Erythraea, i. 75, 356 ; ii. 38.
Ethuliopsis (Epaltes), i. 68, 313 ; ii.
32.
Eucalyptus, i. 50, 233; ii. 24, figures
58, 59.
Eucryphia, i. 49, 230 ; ii. 22.
Eugenia, i. 50, 232 ; ii. 25, figure 60.
Euphorbia, i. 35, 158; ii. 11.
Euphorbiaceae, i. 7, 35, 158 ; ii. 11,
figure 23.
Euphrasia, i. 84, 392; ii. 41.
Eupomatia, i. 25, 122 ; ii. 6.
Eustrephus, i. 95, 431 ; ii. 48.
Eutaxia, i. 45, 204 ; ii. 18.
Euxolus, i. 41, 174 ; ii. 14.
Exocarpos, i. 61, 286 ; ii. 27, figure
65.
Fagus. i. 37, 162 ; ii. 12.
Festuca, i. 112, 497; ii. 57.
Ficoideae, i. 8, 38, 164; ii. 16, figures
39, 40, 41.
Ficus, i. 38, 162 ; ii. 12.
Fieldia, i. 84, 390 ; ii. 41.
Filices, i. 24, 114, 509 ; ii. 59, figures
132 to 152.
Fimbristylis, i. 105, 469 ; ii. 52.
Fluviales, i. 22, 99, 440 ; ii. 50,
figure 120.
Frankenia, i. 43, 184 ; ii. 13.
Frankeniaceae, i. 9, 43, 184 ; ii. 13.
Gahnia (Cladium), i. 104, 453; ii.
53.
Galium, i. 62, 292 ; ii. 30.
Gastrodia, i. 86, 403 ; ii. 45.
Gaultiera, i. 78, 375 ; ii. 43.
Geijera, i. 31, 138 ; ii. 10.
Geitonoplesium, i. 95, 431 ; ii. 48.
Gentiana, i. 75, 356 ; ii. 38.
Gentianeae, i. 15, 75, 355; ii. 38,
figure 96.
Geococcus (Sisymbrium), i. 28, 130;
Geraniaceae, i. 6, 33, 152; ii. 10,
figure 18.
Geranium, i. 33, 152 ; ii. 10.
Gesneriaceae, i. 18, 84, 390 ; ii. 41.
Geum, i. 49, 229 ; ii. 21.
Gleichenia, i. 115,510; ii. 59, figure
136.
Glossodia, i. 91, 416 ; ii. 47.
Glossogyne, i. 64, 293.
Glossostigma, i. 84, 391 ; ii. 40.
Glycine, i. 48, 220 ; ii. 19. •
Glycyrrhiza, i. 48, 223 ; ii. 19. figure
48.
Gnaphalium, i. 70, 328 ; ii. 32.
Gnaphalodes, i. 72, 335 ; ii. 35.
Gnephosis, i. 71, 334 ; ii. 34.
Gompholobium, i. 44, 201 ; ii. 17.
Goodenia, i. 75, 351 ; ii. 37, figure
94.
Goodeniaceae, i. 14, 74, 347 ; ii.
37, figures 94, 95.
Goodia, i. 47, 218 ; ii. 19.
Gramineae, i. 23, 106, 476 ; ii. 54,
figure 126.
Grammitis, i. 117, 513 ; ii. 60, figure
152.
Gratiola, i. 85, 393 ; ii. 40.
Grevillea, i. 60, 278 ; ii. 28, figure
70.
Hakea, i. 60, 282 ; ii. 28, figure 71.
Halgania, i. 80, 379 ; ii. 41, figure
106.
Halophila, i. 92, 423 ; ii. 47.
Halorageae, i. 11, 54, 259; ii. 22,
figure 55.
Haloragis, i. 54, 261 ; ii. 22, figure
55.
Victorian Plants.
555
Hedycarya, i. 25, 124 ; ii. 6, figure 4.
Heleocharis, i. 105, 469 ; ii. 52.
Helichrysum, i. 69, 321 ; ii. 33.
Heliotropium, i. 81, 381 ; ii. 41.
Helipterum, i. 69, 318 ; ii. 33.
Hemarthria, i. 108, 481 ; ii. 55.
Herpolirion, i. 97, 435 ; ii. 49.
Heterodendron, i. 32, 149 ; ii. 13.
JHibbertia, i. 25, 122 ; ii. 5, figure 2.
Hibiscus, i. 34, 154; ii. 11.
Hierochloa, i. 106, 476 ; ii. 56.
Hovea, i. 46, 214 ; ii. 19.
Howittia, i. 34, 154 ; ii. 11, figure
19.
Huanaca, i. 56, 265 ; ii. 26.
Humea, i. 70, 331 ; ii. 34, figure 85.
Hyalolepis, i. 72, 334.
Hybanthus, i. 29, 133; ii. 7, figure 9.
Hydrilla, i. 92, 423 ; ii. 47.
Hydrocharideae, i. 20, 91, 422 ; ii.
47, figure 115.
Hydrocotyle, i. 56, 266 ; ii. 26.
Hymenanthera, i. 29, 133 ; ii. 7.
Hymenophyllum, i. 119, 525 ; ii. 59,
figure 134.
Hypericinae, i. 5, 29, 135 ; ii. 8.
Hypericum, i. 29, 135 ; ii. 8.
Hypolepis, i. 117, 515.
Hypoxis, i. 93, 426 ; ii. 47.
Imperata, i. 107, 481 ; ii. 55.
Indigofera, i. 48, 221 ; ii. 19.
Irideae, i. 20, 92, 423 ; ii. 47, figure
114.
Isoetes, i. 114, 506; ii. 58.
Isoetopsis, i. 72, 335 ; ii. 35.
Isopogon, i. 59, 274 ; ii. 28.
Isotoma, i. 74, 344 ; ii. 36.
Ixiolaena, i. 68, 314 ; ii. 32.
Ixodia, i. 68, 317 ; ii. 34.
Jacksonia, i. 44, 201.
Jasmineae, i. 15, 75, 357 ; ii. 39,
figure 100.
Jasminum, i. 75, 357 ; ii. 39.
Junceae, i. 22, 101, 444; ii. 50,
figure 123.
Juncus, i. 101, 444 ; ii. 51, figure
123.
Jussieua, i. 53, 254 ; ii. 22.
Kennedya, i. 48, 220 ; ii. 20.
Kochia, i. 23, 182 ; ii. 15, figure 37.
Kunzea, i. 52, 248 ; ii. 23.
Kyllingia, i. 104, 460 ; ii. 52.
Labiatae, i. 17, 81, 382 ; ii. 42, figure
107.
Lagenophora, i. 67, 310; ii. 30,
figure 78.
Lappula, i. 81, 380 ; ii. 41.
Lasiopetalum, i. 35, 156 ; ii. 11,
figure 20.
Lauraceae, i. 3, 26, 125 ; ii. 6, figure
5.
Lavatera, i. 34, 154 ; ii. 10.
Leeuwenhoekia, i. 73, 343 ; ii. 36,
figure 93.
Leguminosae, i. 9, 43, 185; ii. 17,
figures 45 to 51.
Lemna, i. 99, 439 ; ii. 49.
Lemnaceae, i. 22, 99, 439 ; ii. 49.
Lentibularinae, i. 18, 83, 390; ii. 41,
figure 105.
Leontopodium, i. 70, 329; ii. 32,
figure 83.
Lepidium, i. 27, 126 ; ii. 7.
Lepidobolus, i. 102, 451 ; ii. 51.
Lepidosperma, i. 104, 456; ii. 53,
figure 125.
Lepidospora, i. 104, 459 ; ii. 53.
Lepilaena, i. 100, 443 ; ii. 50, figure
120.
Leptocarpus, i. 102, 450 ; ii. 51.
Leptomeria, i. 61, 288 ; ii. 27.
Leptorrynchos, i. 70, 326 ; ii. 33.
Leptospermum, i. 51, 247 ; ii. 23.
Lepturus, i. 107, 478 ; ii. 55.
Lepyrodia, i. 102, 449 ; ii. 51.
Lespedeza, i. 47, 218 ; ii. 19.
Leuzea (Centaurea), i. 64, 294; ii.
36.
Lhotzkya, i. 52, 252 ; ii. 23.
Liliaceae, i. 21, 93, 426; ii. 47,
figures 117, 118, 119.
Limnanthemum, i. 75, 355 ; ii. 38.
Limosella, i. 84, 391 ; ii. 40.
Lindsaya, i. 118, 517; ii. 59, figure
141.
Lineae, i. 6, 31, 147 ; ii. 10.
Linum, i. 31, 147 ; ii. 10.
556
Key to the System of
Lipocarpha, i. 105, 470 ; ii. 52.
Livistona, i. 101, 444 ; ii. 49.
Lobelia, i. 74, 344 ; ii. 36, figure 91.
Logania, i. 76, 359 ; ii. 38, figure 97.
Loganiaceae, i. 15, 76, 358 ; ii. 38,
figure 97.
Lomaria, i. 118, 519 ; ii. 60, figure
146
Lomatia, i. 60, 277 ; ii. 29.
Loranthaceae, i. 12, 58, 273 ; ii. 27,
figure 66.
Loranthus, i. 58, 273 ; ii. 27, figure
66.
Lotus, i. 47, 219 ; ii. 19.
Loudonia, i. 54, 259 ; ii. 22.
Luzula, i. 101,444; ii. 50.
Lycium, i. 76, 362 ; ii. 40.
Lycopodinae, i. 24, 114, 506 ; ii. 58,
figures 129, 130, 131.
Lycopodium, i. 114, 507; ii. 58,
figure 130.
Lycopus, i. 82, 382 ; ii. 42.
Lyonsia, i. 80, 378 ; ii. 39, figure 101.
Lyperanthus, i. 90, 412 ; ii. 46.
Lysimachia, i. 77, 364 ; ii. 38.
Lythrum, i. 53, 253 ; ii. 22.
Magnoliaceae, i. 3, 25, 121 ; ii. 6,
figure 3.
Malvaceae, i. 6, 33, 153 ; ii. 10, figure
19.
Marianthus, i. 30, 138 ; ii. 8, figure
10.
Marsdenia, i. 80, 378 ; ii. 39.
Marsilea, i. 113, 505; ii. 58, figure
128.
Mazus, i. 84, 392 ; ii. 40.
Meionectes (Haloragis), i. 54, 261 ;
ii. 22.
Melaleuca, i. 51, 244; ii. 24, figure
57.
Melothria, i. 58, 272; ii. 30, figure
77.
Menispermeae, i. 3, 26, 124; ii. 6,
figure 6.
Menkea, i. 26, 126 ; ii. 7.
Mentha i. 82, 383 ; ii. 42.
Mesembrianthemum, i. 39, 165 ; ii.
16, figure 39.
Micrantheum, i. 37, 160 ; ii. 11.
Microseris, i. 63, 292 ; ii. 36.
Microtis, i. 89, 410 ; ii. 46.
Millotia, i. 73, 337 ; ii. 34.
Mimulus, i. 84, 392 ; ii. 40.
Minuria, i. 65, 297 ; ii. 31, figure 79.
Mirbelia, i. 44, 201 ; ii. 17, figure 45.
Mitrasacme, i. 76, 358 ; ii. 38.
Mollugo, i. 38, 164 ; ii. 16, figure 41.
Monimieae, i. 3, 25, 124 ; ii. 6. figure
4.
Montia, i. 40, 169 ; ii. 14.
Morinda, i. 62, 289 ; ii. 29.
Muehlenbeckia, i. 41, 171 ; ii. 16,
figure 42.
Myoporinae, i. 19, 86, 397 ; ii. 43,
figure 108.
Myoporum, i. 86, 397 ; ii. 43.
Myosotis, i. 81, 381 ; ii. 41.
Myosurus, i. 24, 121 ; ii. 5.
Myriocephalus, i. 72, 335; ii. 34,
figure 86.
Myriophyllum, i. 54, 259 ; ii. 22.
Myrsinaceae, i. 16, 77, 364; ii. 39,
figure 99.
Myrsine, i. 77, 364 ; ii. 39, figure 99.
Myrtaceae, i. 10, 52, 232; ii. 23,
figures 56 to 60.
Nageia, i. 86, 403 ; ii. 44.
Najas, i. 100, 443 ; ii. 50.
Nasturtium, i. 27, 127 ; ii. 6.
Nephelium, i. 32, 150 ; ii. 13.
Neurachne, i. 109, 486 ; ii. 55.
Nicotiana, i. 76, 363 ; ii. 40.
Nitraria, i. 32, 150 ; ii. 10, figure 17.
Notelaea, i. 76, 357; ii. 39, figure
100.
Notochlaena (Cheilanthes), i. 116,
513 ; ii. 60, figure 143.
Notothixos, i. 58, 273.
Nyctagineae, i. 8, 40, 169; ii. 17,
figure 44.
Nymphaeaceae, i. 3, 25, 122.
Omalanthus, i. 36, 158 ; ii. 12.
Omphacomeria, i. 61, 287 ; ii. 27.
Onagreae, i. 11, 53, 253 ; ii. 22.
Opercularia, i. 62, 289 ; ii. 30.
Ophioglossum, i. 115, 509 : ii. 59.
Oplismenus, i. 108, 482 ; ii. 55.
Victorian Plants.
557
Orchideae, i. 20, 86, 403; ii. 45,
figures 112, 113.
Oreobolus, i. 103, 452 ; ii. 53.
Oreomyrrhis, i. 56, 266 ; ii. 27.
Orites, i. 60, 278 ; ii. 28, figure 69.
Orobanche, i. 83, 389 ; ii. 41.
Orobancheae, i. 18, 83, 389; ii. 41.
Orthoceras, i. 89, 412 ; ii. 45.
Osmunda, i. 115, 511 ; ii. 59, figure
" 137.
Ottelia, i. 91, 422 ; ii. 47, figure 115.
Oxalis, i. 33, 152 ; ii. 10.
Oxylobium, i. 44, 202 ; ii. 17.
Pabrae, i. 22, 101, 444 ; ii. 49.
Panax, i. 55, 264 ; ii. 26, figure 62.
Panicum, i. 108, 482 ; ii. 54.
Papaver, i. 26, 125 ; ii, 6.
Papaveraceae, i. 4, 26, 125 ; ii. 6.
Pappophoruin, i. 107, 478 ; ii. 56.
Parietaria, i. 38, 163 ; ii. 12.
Passinora, i. 58, 272 ; ii. 30.
Passifloreae, i. 12, 58, 272 ; ii. 30.
Patersonia, i. 92, 424 ; ii. 47, figure
114.
Pelargonium, i. 33, 152; ii. 10,
figure 18.
Pentapogon, L, 110, 488 ; ii. 56.
Persoonia, i., 59, 275 ; ii. 28, figure
68.
Philhydreae, i. 21, 98, 438.
Philhydrum, i. 98, 438.
Phyllanthus, i. 37, 161 ; ii. 12.
Phylloglossum, i. 114, 506; ii. 59,
figure 131.
Phyllota, i. 45, 213; ii. 17.
Phytolacceae, i. 8, 38, 164; ii. 17,
figure 43.
Pilularia, i. 114, 506; ii. 58.
Pimelea, i. 48, 224 ; ii. 29, figure 74.
Pittosporeae, i. 5, 30, 136; ii. 8,
figure 10.
Pittosporum, i. 30, 137 ; ii. 8.
Plagianthus, i. 33, 153 ; ii. 10.
Plantagineae, i. 16, 76 j 360 ; ii. 38,
figure 98.
Plantago, i. 76, 360; ii. 38, figure
98.
Platylobium, i, 46, 217 ; ii. 18.
Plectranthus, i. 82, 382 ; ii. 42.
Pluchea, i. 65, 294.
Plumbagineae, i. 9, 43, 184 ; ii. 13,
figure 30.
Poa, i. 112, 500; ii. 57.
Podolepis, i. 68, 314 ; ii. 32.
Podosperma, i. 68, 313.
Podotheca, i. 68, 313 ; ii. 32.
Polycalymma, i. 72, 335.
Polycarpon, i. 39, 166 ; ii. 14.
Polycnemon, i. 41, 174 ; ii. 14r
figure 34.
Polygala, i. 29, 134 ; ii. 8.
Polygaleae, i. 5, 29, 134 ; ii. 8, figure
13.
Polygonaceae, i. 8, 40, 169 ; ii. 16r
figure 42.
Polygonum, i. 41, 170 ; ii. 16.
Polypodium, i. 117, 514; ii. 60,
figure 151.
Polypompholyx, i. 83, 390; ii. 41,
figure 105.
Pomaderris, i. 53, 256 ; ii. 25, figure
61.
Pomax, i. 62, 290 ; ii. 30.
Poranthera, i. 36, 159; ii. 11.
Portulaca, i. 40, 168 ; ii. 13.
Portulaceae, i. 8, 40, 168; ii. 13,
figure 31.
Posidonia, i. 99, 442 ; ii. 50.
Potentilla, i. 49, 229 ; ii. 21.
Potamogeton, i. 99, 440 ; ii. 50.
Prasophyllum, i, 88, 405 ; ii. 45.
Primulaceae, i. 16, 77, 363 ; ii. 38.
Prostanthera, i. 82, 385; ii. 42,
figure 107.
Proteaceae, i. 13, 59, 274 ; ii. 28,
figures 67 to 73.
Pseudanthus, i. 37, 161 ; ii. 11.
Psoralea, i. 47, 219 ; ii. 19.
Pteris, i. 118, 517 ; ii. 60, figure 145.
Pterostylis, i. 91, 417 ; ii. 46.
Ptilotus, i. 41, 172 ; ii. 14, figure 35.
Pultenaea, i. 45, 204 ; ii. 17, figure
46.
Ranunculaceae, i. 3, 24, 119 ; ii. 5,
figure 1.
Ranunculus, i. 24, 119; ii. 5, figure 1.
Restiaceae, i. 23, 101, 447; ii. 51,
figure 124.
558
Key to the System of
Restio, i. 102, 450 ; ii. 51.
Khagodia, i. 42, 178 ; ii. 14.
Rhamnaceae, i. 11, 53, 254 ; ii. 25,
figure 61.
Rhipogonum, i. 93, 427 ; ii. 48.
Rhizospermae, i. 23, 113, 505 ; ii.
58, figures 127, 128.
Richea, i. 78, 374 ; ii. 44.
Ricinocarpus, i. 36, 159 ; ii. 12.
Rochelia, i. 80, 379 ; ii. 41.
Rosaceae, i. 10, 49, 228; ii. 21,
figure 52.
Hubiaceae, i. 13, 62, 289; ii. 29,
figure 75.
Rubus, i. 49, 229 ; ii. 21, figure 52.
Rumex, i. 40, 169 ; ii. 16.
Ruppia, i. 100, 442 ; ii. 50.
Rutaceae, i. 5, 30, 138 ; ii. 9, figures
14, 15.
Rutidosis, i. 70, 330 ; ii. 34.
Sagina, i. 39, 166 ; ii. 14.
Salicarieae, i. 11, 53, 253 ; ii. 22.
Salicornia, i. 41, 174 ; ii. 16, figure
38.
Salsola, i. 43, 184 ; ii. 16.
Salsolaceae, i. 9, 41, 174; ii. 14,
figures 36, 37, 38.
Salvia, i. 81, 382 ; ii. 42.
Sambucus, i. 62, 292 ; ii. 30, figure
76.
Samolus, i. 77, 363 ; ii. 38.
Santalaceae, i. 13, 61, 286 ; ii. 27,
figures 64, 65.
Santalum, i. 61, 287 ; ii. 27.
Sapindaceae, i. 6, 32, 148; ii. 13,
figure 27.
Saponaria, i. 40, 167 ; ii. 14.
Sarcochilus, i. 87, 404 ; ii. 45.
Sarcopetalum, i. 26, 124 ; ii. 6, figure
6.
Sarcostemma, i. 79, 377 ; ii. 39.
Saxifrageae, i. 10, 49, 231 ; ii. 22,
figure 53.
Scaevola, i. 75, 349 ; ii. 37.
Schelhammera, i. 94, 427 ; ii. 48.
Schizaea, i. 115, 510; ii. 59, figure
132.
Schoenus, i. 105, 463 ; ii. 53.
Scirpus, i. 105, 465 ; ii. 52.
Scleranthus, i. 40, 167 ; ii. 14, figure
33.
Scrophularinae, i. 18, 84. 391 ; ii. 40,
figure 104.
Scutellaria, i. 82, 385 ; ii. 42.
Sebaea, i. 75, 356 ; ii. 38, figure 96.
Selaginella, i. 114, 507 ; ii. 59.
Selliera, i. 74, 349 ; ii. 37.
Senecio, i. 73, 338 ; ii. 35, figure 90.
Seseli, i. 57, 271 ; ii. 27.
Setaria, i. 108, 482 ; ii. 55.
Sida, i. 34, 153 ; ii. 11.
Siegesbeckia, i. 64, 294 ; ii. 35.
Sisymbrium, i. 28. 130 ; ii. 7.
Sisyrinchium, i. 92, 423 ; ii. 47.
Sium, i. 57, 271 ; ii. 27.
Skirrophorus, i. 71, 333.
Smilax, i. 93, 426 ; ii. 47, figure 117.
Solanaceae, i. 16, 76, 361 ; ii. 40,
figure 103.
Solanum, i. 76, 361 ; ii. 40, figure
103.
Solenogyne, i. 67,310.
Sowerbaea, i. 97, 435 ; ii. 49.
Sparganium, i. 98, 439 ; ii. 49.
Spergularia, i. 39, 167 ; ii. 14.
Sphaerolobium, i. 45, 202 ; ii. 17.
Spinifex, i. 108, 481 ; ii. 55.
Spiranthes, i. 88, 407 ; ii. 45.
Sporobolus, i. 109, 487 ; ii. 56.
Sprengelia, i. 78, 374 ; ii. 44.
Stackhousia, i. 32, 147; ii. 13, figure
29.
Stackhousieae, i. 6, 32, 147 ; ii. 13,
figure 29.
Statice, i. 43, 184 ; ii. 13, figure 30.
Stellaria, i. 39, 165 ; ii. 14.
Stemodia, i. 85, 393 ; ii. 40.
Stenopetalum, i. 26, 126 ; ii. 7.
Stephania, i. 26, 125 ; ii. 6.
Sterculiaceae, i. 7, 35, 155 ; ii. 11,
figures 20. 21.
Stipa, i. 110, 489 ; ii. 56.
Stuartina, i. 70, 330 ; ii. 32.
Stypandra, i. 96, 433 ; ii. 48.
Styphelia, i. 77, 365 ; ii. 43, figure
110.
Suaeda, i. 43, 184 ; ii. 16.
Swainsona, i. 48, 222 ; ii. 19.
Sycios, i. 58, 272 ; ii. 30.
Victorian Plants.
559
Tecoma, i. 85, 396 ; ii. 41.
Telopea, i. 60, 277 ; ii. 29, figure 72.
Templetonia, i. 46, 215 ; ii. 19.
Tetragonia, i. 39, 165 ; ii. 16, figure
40.
Tetrarrhena, i. 106.
Tetratheca, i. 34, 155 ; ii. 9.
Teucrium, i. 82, 384 ; ii. 42.
Thelymitra, i. 88, 407 ; ii. 45.
Thesium, i. 61, 287 ; ii. 27.
Thomasia, i. 35, 155 ; ii. 11.
Threlkeldia, i. 43, 184 ; ii. 16.
Thryptomene, i. 52, 252; ii. 23,
figure 56.
Thymeleae, i. 10, 48, 224; ii. 29,
figure 74.
Thysanotus, i. 96, 434 ; ii. 48, figure
119.
Tiliaceae, i. 7, 34, 155 ; ii. 11, figure
22.
Tillaea, i. 49, 231 ; ii. 22, figure 54.
Tmesipteris, i. 114, 509; ii. 58,
figure 129.
Todea (Osmunda) i. 115, 511 ; ii. 59,
figure 137.
Toxanthus, i. 72, 337 ; ii. 34.
Trachymene, i/57, 269 ; ii. 26.
Tragus, i. 109, 486 ; ii. 55.
Trema, i. 37, 162 ; ii. 12, figure 24.
Tremandreae, i. 6, 34, 155 ; ii. 9.
Tribulus, i, 32, 151 ; ii. 10.
Trichomanes, i. 119, 525; ii. 59,
figure 133.
Tricoryne, i. 96, 432 ; ii. 48.
Triglochin, i. 99, 440 ; ii. 50.
Trigonella, i. 48, 220 ; ii. 19, figure
47.
Triodia, i. 112, 502; ii. 57.
Triraphis, i. 112, 502 ; ii. 58.
Trisetum (Aira) i. Ill, 495 ; ii. 57.
Tristania, i. 51, 243 ; ii. 25.
Trithuria, i. 101, 447 ; ii. 51.
Trochocarpa, i. 77, 372 ; ii. 44.
Tylophora, i. 79, 377 ; ii. 39.
Typha, i, 98, 438 ; ii. 49.
Typhaceae, i. 22, 98, 438 ; ii. 49.
Umbelliferae, i. 11, 55, 264; ii. 26,
figure 63.
Uncinia, i. 106, 476 ; ii. 54.
Urtica, ii. 12.
Urticaceae, i. 7, 37, 162; ii. 12,
figure 24.
Utricularia, i. 83, 390 ; ii. 41.
Vallisneria, i. 91, 423 ; ii. 47.
Velleya, i. 74, 348 ; ii. 37, figure 95.
Verbena, i. 85, 397 ; ii. 43.
Verbenaceae, i. 19, 85, 397 ; ii. 43.
Vernonia, i. 64, 294 ; ii. 30.
Veronica, i. 85, 394; ii. 40, figure
104.
Viminaria, i. 45, 202 ; ii. 17.
Viniferae, i. 11, 54, 259; ii. 13,
figure 26.
Viola, i. 29, 134 ; ii. 7.
Violaceae, i. 4, 29, 133 ; ii. 7, figure 9.
Vitis, i. 54, 259 ; ii. 13, figure 26.
Vittadinia, i. 66, 298 ; ii. 32.
Wahlenbergia, i. 73, 343 ; ii. 36.
Waitzia, i. 69, 326 ; ii. 33.
Westringia, i. 82, 383 ; ii. 42.
Wilckia, i. 28, 130 ; ii. 7.
Wilsonia, i. 79, 376 ; ii. 39.
Wittsteinia, i. 78, 375 ; ii. 43, figure
109.
Wolflia, i. 99, 439 ; ii. 49.
Woodwardia, i. 118, 520; ii. 60,
figure 148.
Wurmbea, i. 94, 428 ; ii. 48, figure
118.
Xanthorrhoea, i. 95, 430 ; ii. 49.
Xanthosia, i. 57, 270 ; ii. 26.
Xerotes, i. 94, 428 ; ii. 49.
Xyrideae, i. 21, 98, 438; ii. 50,
figure 122.
Xyris, i. 98, 438 ; ii. 50, figure 122.
Zieria, i. 31, 143 ; ii. 9.
Zornia, i. 47, 218.
Zostera, i. 100, 443 ; ii. 50.
Zoysia, i. 108, 481 ; ii. 55.
Zygophylleae, i. 6, 32, 150; ii. 10,
figures 16, 17.
Zygophyllum, i. 32, 150; ii. 10,
figure 16.
By Authority: ROBT. S. BRAIN, Government Printer, Melbourne.
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